DOCSLIB.ORG

Outbreaking Forest Insect Drives Phase Synchrony Among Sympatric Folivores: Exploring Potential Mechanisms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Outbreaking Forest Insect Drives Phase Synchrony Among Sympatric Folivores: Exploring Potential Mechanisms Received: 12 November 2019 Revised: 24 May 2020 Accepted: 26 May 2020 Published on: 18 August 2020 DOI: 10.1002/1438-390X.12060 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Outbreaking forest insect drives phase synchrony among sympatric folivores: Exploring potential mechanisms Andrew M. Liebhold1,2 | Christer Björkman3 | Alain Roques4 | Ottar N. Bjørnstad5 | Maartje J. Klapwijk3 1USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia Abstract 2Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, We explore a common feature of insect population dynamics, interspecific syn- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, chrony, which refers to synchrony in population dynamics among sympatric Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic populations of different species. Such synchrony can arise via several possible 3Department of Ecology, Swedish mechanisms, including shared environmental effects and shared trophic inter- University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden actions, but distinguishing the relative importance among different mecha- 4INRAE, UR 0633, Zoologie Forestière, nisms can be challenging. We analyze interannual time series of population Orléans, France densities of the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera griseana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), 5 Departments of Entomology and Biology, along with six sympatric larch-feeding folivores from a site in the European Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania Alps 1952–1979. These species include five lepidopterans, Exapate duratella, Ptycholomoides aeriferana, Spilonota laricana, Epirrita autumnata and Tel- Correspondence eiodes saltuum, and one hymenopteran sawfly Pristiphora laricis. We docu- Andrew M. Liebhold, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, ment that the highly regular oscillatory behavior (period 9–10 years) of Z. 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV griseana populations is similarly evident in the dynamics of most of the sym- 26505. Email: [email protected] patric folivores. We also find that all of the sympatric species are phase syn- chronized with Z. griseana populations with half of the sympatric species Funding information exhibiting nonlagged phase synchrony and three of the species exhibiting The Czech Operational Programme – Research, Development and Education, 2 5 year lags behind Z. griseana populations. We adapt a previously developed Grant/Award Number: tritrophic model of Z. griseana dynamics to explore possible mechanisms CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803; responsible for observed phase synchronization. Results suggest that either Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences or Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet; shared stochastic influences (e.g., weather) or shared parasitoid impacts are USDA Forest Service likely causes of nonlagged phase synchronization. The model further indicates that observed patterns of lagged phase synchronization are most likely caused by either shared delayed induced host plant defenses or direct density- dependent effects shared with Z. griseana. KEYWORDS folivore, interspecific synchrony, outbreak, population dynamics, trophic 1 | INTRODUCTION Other recent reports and predictions of increased damage from insect pests as a consequence of climate change are Recent reports of dramatic decreases in insect numbers equally alarming (Estay, Lima, & Labra, 2009; Weed, (Hallmann et al., 2017; Leather, 2018) have increased the Ayres, & Hicke, 2013). These apparently conflicting awareness of the importance of insects in ecosystems. reports may seem paradoxical but highlight the lack of 372 © 2020 The Society of Population Ecology wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pope Population Ecology. 2020;62:372–384. LIEBHOLD ET AL. 373 knowledge on the population dynamics of communities (Liebhold, Koenig, & Bjørnstad, 2004). Like interspecific of insects. There is a strong need to better understand synchrony, several different processes are capable of pro- connections, not only between species at different trophic ducing spatial synchrony; these include stochastic influ- levels, but also among species at the same trophic level. ences (e.g., weather) which are synchronous across space For example, several processes are known to produce (the “Moran effect”), dispersal of individuals among periodic behavior in insect folivore populations, but little populations and dispersal of predators among habitat pat- is known on how these processes may interact among ches (Liebhold et al., 2004; Walter et al., 2017). Unfortu- sympatric folivore populations. nately, all three of these mechanisms are capable of The ability of trophic interactions to produce periodic producing identical patterns of synchrony and therefore behavior is well known (Elton & Nicholson, 1942; Varley, it is characteristically difficult to dissect the cause of spa- Gradwell, & Hassell, 1974). For example, in the classic tial synchrony from spatiotemporal patterns alone. Anal- Lotka–Volterra model, both predator and prey ysis of interspecific synchrony has received less attention populations cycle with peaks in predator populations lag- and it is not clear if it is similarly difficult to identify the ging one-quarter-cycle length behind that of prey drivers of interspecific synchrony. populations (Bulmer, 1976). In nature, there is a plethora Here, we analyze patterns of interspecific synchrony of evidence of such oscillatory dynamics in predator and in a highly periodic system. Specifically, we quantify peri- parasitoid populations linked to oscillations of their hosts odicity and phase dependency among populations of six (Bayliss & Choquenot, 2002). One ubiquitous characteris- foliage-feeding insect species feeding sympatrically with tic of such predator–prey cycles is the existence of tempo- the larch budmoth, Zeiraphera griseana, in the European ral lags between cycles of predators and prey. Alps. Population oscillations of this insect are widely rec- While linkages between oscillating prey and predator ognized as one of the most regular of all animal species populations are well-studied, less is known about mecha- (Baltensweiler, Benz, Bovey, & Delucchi, 1977; Varley nisms driving linkages in the dynamics of sympatric et al., 1974). During population peaks, populations in consumer populations. Populations of consumer species optimal habitats reach very high densities, often more may track fluctuating patterns in shared food resources, than 300 larvae per kg of foliage (ca. 120,000 larvae per contributing to synchrony in their dynamics. For exam- tree), causing massive defoliation of European larch ple, several studies have documented that fluctuating (Larix decidua). The very regular oscillations in Z. abundance of shared seed or insect populations can drive griseana populations are hypothesized to result from a synchrony among populations of seed-eating or insectivo- combination of delayed density-dependent response by rous birds (Bock & Lepthien, 1976; Jones, Doran, & hosts and by parasitoids (Turchin 2003, Turchin Holmes, 2003). However, many consumer populations et al., 2003). The year following defoliation, host larches exhibit oscillatory dynamics, and little is known about produce needles shorter in length and larvae feeding on how cycles among populations of different consumer spe- this foliage perform more poorly resulting in decreased cies are related. fecundity in females (Benz, 1974). Moreover, needle flush One group of consumer species for which interspe- is delayed relative to the timing of egg hatch, causing cific synchrony is known to commonly occur is in extensive mortality in early-emerging budmoth larvae foliage-feeding forest insects (Kawatsu, Yamanaka, (Benz, 1974). Sympatric larch folivores have never been Patoèka, & Liebhold, 2019; Klapwijk et al., 2018; Miller & observed to reach larval densities similar to those of Z. Epstein, 1986; Myers, 1998; Raimondo, Liebhold, griseana populations but may peak at around 18 larvae Strazanac, & Butler, 2004; Raimondo, Turcáni, Patoèka, & per kg of larch foliage (Baltensweiler, 1991). While noth- Liebhold, 2004). Several explanations have been proposed ing is known about the induced effect of Z. griseana defo- to explain synchrony among these folivore populations. liation on foliage quality for other insects, it seems likely Shared influences of interannual variability in weather is that changes in the physical and chemical property of one of these proposed mechanisms (Miller & Epstein, larch foliage would also adversely affect sympatric 1986; Myers, 1998). Others have suggested synchroniza- populations of other insect species feeding on foliage. tion via shared trophic interactions, such as predators Thus, it is possible that Z. griseana exerts a synchronizing and parasitoids (Marcström, Kenward, & Engren, 1988; influence on sympatric larch-feeding folivores via direct Raimondo, Turcáni, et al., 2004) or shared host plants competition for foliage, induced changes in foliage qual- (Baltensweiler, 1991; Klapwijk et al., 2018). ity or from mutual numerical interactions of shared para- The phenomenon of interspecific synchrony is in stioids species. We apply a model to simulate these some ways analogous to the phenomenon of spatial interactions and compare patterns of phase synchroniza- synchrony, which refers to synchrony in the dynamics tion with observed patterns to infer underlying mecha- of spatially disjunct populations of the same species nisms driving interspecific synchrony. 374 LIEBHOLD ET AL. 2 | METHODS (ACFs) and wavelet spectra for each of the seven species using the “acf” function in base R and the “biwavelet” R Time
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
    Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Methods and Work Profile
    REVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS OF PHYTOPHTHORA AND THE LIKELY IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES JANUARY 2011 Simon Conyers Kate Somerwill Carmel Ramwell John Hughes Ruth Laybourn Naomi Jones Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 15 2. Review of the potential impacts on species of higher trophic groups .................... 16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Review of the potential impacts on ecosystem services .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pristiphora Bohemica Sp. Nov., a New Sawfly Species from the Czech
    ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 30.vi.2012 Volume 52(1), pp. 267–272 ISSN 0374-1036 Pristiphora bohemica sp. nov., a new sawfl y species from the Czech Republic (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae) Jan MACEK Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Pristiphora bohemica sp. nov. is described based on specimens reared from larvae collected on Spiraea salicifolia (Rosaceae) in southern Bohemia (Czech Republic). The new species is close to its presumed vicariant species P. angulata Lindqvist 1974 from northeastern Europe. Key words. Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Pristiphora, new species, host plant, larva, Czech Republic, Palaearctic Region Introduction As a result of continuing investigations of the sawfl y fauna of the Czech Republic based on the quantitative collecting methods (Malaise traps, yellow pan traps) as well as rearing of larvae, several interesting new data were obtained concerning the occurrence, distribution and ecology of some little known or rare sawfl y species (MACEK 2006, 2008, 2009a,b, 2010, 2012a,b). In this respect especially the rearing of larvae showed to be very effi cient. During my collecting trip to the Třeboňsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve in southern Bohemia in 2008, I collected on Spiraea salicifolia numerous sawfl y larvae of two species unknown to me. Because there have been no records of sawfl ies associated with Spiraea in the Czech Republic, I presumed that they represented at least the fi rst records for Czech fauna, which, at last, proved to be true after emergence of adults. Besides Dinax ermak Zhelochovtsev, 1968, a species fi rst recorded in Central Europe (see MACEK 2010), the sample yielded also several adult specimens of an unknown species of Pristiphora Latreille, 1810 representing a new species described in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Motyle (Lepidoptera) Parku Krajobrazowego Cysterskie Kompozycje Krajobrazowe Rud Wielkich
    ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEGO W BYTOMIU PRZYRODA Vol. 26 (online 001): 1–40 ISSN 0068-466X, eISSN 2451-0467 (online) Bytom, 10.04.2020 Jacek Maroń1, Adam Larysz2 Motyle (Lepidoptera) Parku Krajobrazowego Cysterskie Kompozycje Krajobrazowe Rud Wielkich http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3747209 1 ul. Kuglera 9, 44-207 Rybnik, Polska, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Dział Przyrody, Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomu, pl. Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41-902 Bytom, Polska, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of the Cysterskie Kompozycje Krajobrazowe Rud Wielkich Landscape Park. The paper presents the research on Lepidoptera in Cysterskie Kompozycje Krajobrazowe Rud Wielkich Landscape Park between 1982 and 2019. The material was collected at nine selected sites, mainly in various forest environments. Overall, 1162 species in 66 families were recorded and listed, including 26 species new to the Province of Silesia. Key words: Lepidoptera, list of species, Cysterskie Kompozycje Krajobrazowe Rud Wielkich Landscape Park, biodiversity. WSTĘP Park Krajobrazowy Cysterskie Kompozycje Krajobrazowe Rud Wielkich (PK CKKRW) położony jest w południowo-zachodniej części województwa śląskiego i zajmuje wschodnią część Kotliny Raciborskiej oraz północne fragmenty Płaskowyżu Rybnickiego. Powstał na mocy Rozporządzenia Wojewody Katowickiego Nr 181/93 z dnia 23 listopada 1993 roku. Powierzchnia Parku wynosi 493,87 km², a strefa ochronna to obszar 140,10 km². Dominują tu drzewostany sosnowe, rosnące na siedliskach borowych, wykształconych na glebach bielicowych, a także wprowadzone sztucznie na siedliska żyznych lasów liściastych. Najbogatszym przyrodniczo terenem w obrębie Parku jest kompleks leśno-stawowy Łężczok w okolicach Raciborza, będący jedynym rezerwatem w granicach Parku. MATERIAŁ I METODY PROWADZENIA BADAŃ Stopień poznania entomofauny PK CKKRW jest niezadawalający, a dane dotyczące występowania poszczególnych gatunków są fragmentaryczne i rozproszone.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Larch Bud Moth Relationship
    Systems analysis of the larch bud moth system : Part 1 : the larch : larch bud moth relationship Autor(en): Fischlin, A. / Baltensweiler, W. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse = Journal of the Swiss Entomological Society Band (Jahr): 52 (1979) Heft 2-3 PDF erstellt am: 04.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-401929 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch MITTEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ENTOMOLOGIQUE SUISSE 52, 273-289, 1979 Systems analysis of the larch bud moth system. Part 1: the larch - larch bud moth relationship1'2 A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Spilonota Lechriaspis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    Mol Biol Rep (2011) 38:3757–3764 DOI 10.1007/s11033-010-0491-6 The complete mitochondrial genome of Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Jin-Liang Zhao • Yan-Yan Zhang • A-Rong Luo • Guo-Fang Jiang • Stephen L. Cameron • Chao-Dong Zhu Received: 22 July 2010 / Accepted: 9 November 2010 / Published online: 24 November 2010 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Abstract We determined the nucleotide sequence of the Introduction mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) of Spilonota lechria- spis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The entire closed Complete mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) sequences circular molecule is 15,368 bp and contains 37 genes with are seeing wider use as molecular markers for phyloge- the typical gene complement and order for lepidopteran netic, phylogeographic and ecological studies of insects mtgenomes. All tRNAs except tRNASer(AGN) can be folded [1–5] plus as a model system for genome biology [6–9]. into the typical cloverleaf secondary structures. The pro- Wolstenholme and Clary [10] reported the first insect tein-coding genes (PCGs) have typical mitochondrial start mtgenome sequence in 1985 for Drosophila. Up to 2006, codons, with the exception of COI, which uses the unusual there had been 46 complete or near complete mtgenome CGA one as is found in all other Lepidoptera sequenced to sequences lodged in GenBank [11], and the number has date. In addition, six of 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete rapidly increased in the last five years, with to 198 ones in termination codons, a single T. The A ? T-rich region April, 2010. The mtgenome of insects as with other met- contains some conserved structures that are similar to those azoans is a closed-circular molecule ranging in size found in other lepidopteran mtgenomes, including a from 14 to 20 kb, which encodes 37 genes, consisting structure combining the motif ‘ATAGA’, a 19-bp poly(T) of 13 PCGs, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 stretch and three microsatellite (AT)n elements which are transfer RNA (tRNA) genes [12].
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt
    Accepted Manuscript Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt. Changbai-shan, China Kyu-Tek Park, Bong-Woo Lee, Yang-Seop Bae, Hui-Lin Han, Bong-Kyu Byun PII: S2287-884X(14)00025-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2014.04.007 Reference: JAPB 19 To appear in: Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Received Date: 28 February 2014 Revised Date: 13 March 2014 Accepted Date: 4 April 2014 Please cite this article as: Park K-T, Lee B-W, Bae Y-S, Han H-L, Byun B-K, Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt. Changbai-shan, China, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2014), doi: 10.1016/ j.japb.2014.04.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT J. of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt. Changbai-shan, China Kyu-Tek Park a, Bong-Woo Lee b, Yang-Seop Bae c, Hui-Lin Han d, Bong-Kyu Byun e* a The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam, 463-808, Korea b Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Sumokwokgil, Pocheon, 487-821, Korea c Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, 12-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-772, Korea dSchool of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and Evolutionary Correlates of Novel Secondary Sexual Structures
    Zootaxa 3729 (1): 001–062 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3729.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA0C1355-FF3E-4C67-8F48-544B2166AF2A ZOOTAXA 3729 Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures JASON J. DOMBROSKIE1,2,3 & FELIX A. H. SPERLING2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E9 3Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 2 Sept. 2013; published: 25 Oct. 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 JASON J. DOMBROSKIE & FELIX A. H. SPERLING Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures (Zootaxa 3729) 62 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Oct. 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-288-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-289-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3729 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press DOMBROSKIE & SPERLING Table of contents Abstract . 3 Material and methods . 6 Results . 18 Discussion . 23 Conclusions . 33 Acknowledgements . 33 Literature cited . 34 APPENDIX 1. 38 APPENDIX 2. 44 Additional References for Appendices 1 & 2 . 49 APPENDIX 3. 51 APPENDIX 4. 52 APPENDIX 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal 48(1)
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 48, No. 1 (2008) DOI: 10.2478/v10045-008-0007-8 TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT DEVELOPMENT AND DEGREE-DAY MODEL OF EUROPEAN LEAF ROLLER, ARCHIPS ROSANUS Oguzhan Doganlar* Ahi Evran University, Vocational School, Department of Technical Programs, Entomology Section, 40200, Kırşehir, Turkey Received: January 29, 2008 Accepted: February 28, 2008 Abstract: The effect of temperature on the duration of larval, prepupal, and pupal development of the European leaf roller, Archips rosanus L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) was studied at four constant tempera- tures (18, 22, 26, and 30°C) where Malus communis L. (apple, Stark Crimson) was used as food. Signifi- cant positive linear relationships were observed between development rate and temperature for all life stages. Minimum developmental threshold temperatures were estimated as 5.5–6.7°C for first stages, 5.8–5.7°C for second stages, 5.1–6.3°C for prepupae, and 8.1–6.3°C for pupae, male and female, respec- tively. Lower threshold of complete development of adult was estimated as 6.05°C (male) and 6.0°C (fe- male). Median development values of degree-days (DD) for first stages, second stages, prepupae, pupae and complete preimaginal development were 57.5–55.2, 55.2–66.2, 33.1–33.9, 137–175.4 and 476.2–526 for male and female, respectively. A degree-day model was developed using from the laboratory data for predicting the first emergence of the pest and spray application time. Estimated degree-day model predicted the emergence within 3–7 days of that observed at the field site in both 2001 and 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating Cultural Tactics Into the Management of Bark Beetle and Reforestation Pests1
    DA United States US Department of Proceedings --z:;;-;;; Agriculture Forest Service Integrating Cultural Tactics into Northeastern Forest Experiment Station the Management of Bark Beetle General Technical Report NE-236 and Reforestation Pests Edited by: Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team J.C. Gregoire A.M. Liebhold F.M. Stephen K.R. Day S.M.Salom Vallombrosa, Italy September 1-3, 1996 Most of the papers in this publication were submitted electronically and were edited to achieve a uniform format and type face. Each contributor is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her own paper. Statements of the contributors from outside the U.S. Department of Agriculture may not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department. Some participants did not submit papers so they have not been included. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. Remarks about pesticides appear in some technical papers contained in these proceedings. Publication of these statements does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of them by the conference sponsors, nor does it imply that uses discussed have been registered. Use of most pesticides is regulated by State and Federal Law. Applicable regulations must be obtained from the appropriate regulatory agencies. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish and other wildlife - if they are not handled and applied properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
    Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe.
    [Show full text]