DOCSLIB.ORG

PROJECT REPORT Underwater Pioneers: Studying

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PROJECT REPORT Underwater Pioneers: Studying PROJECT REPORT Expedition dates: 9 - 15 October 2011 Report published: July 2012 Underwater pioneers: studying & protecting the unique coral reefs of the Musandam peninsula, Oman. BEST BEST FOR TOP BEST WILDLIFE BEST IN ENVIRONMENT TOP HOLIDAY VOLUNTEERING GREEN-MINDED RESPONSIBLE VOLUNTEERING SUSTAINABLE AWARD FOR NATURE ORGANISATION TRAVELLERS HOLIDAY HOLIDAY TRAVEL Germany Germany UK UK UK UK USA PROJECT REPORT Underwater pioneers: studying & protecting the unique coral reefs of the Musandam peninsula, Oman. Expedition dates: 9 - 15 October 2011 Report published: July 2012 Authors: Rita Bento Emirates Diving Association Matthias Hammer (editor) Biosphere Expeditions 1 © Biosphere Expeditions, an international not-for-profit conservation organisation – www.biosphere-expeditions.org Member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council & Global Ministerial Environment Forum Member of the International Union for Conservation Abstract Coral reefs are globally important hotspots for biodiversity. They also provide human populations with important goods and services, such as food and coastal protection. Despite this, coral reefs are under threat worldwide from direct or indirect anthropogenic impacts such as pollution, overexploitation, coastal development and unmanaged tourist activities. Today reefs face additional pressure from thermal stress and emergent diseases that are closely linked to climate change. Due to the thermal sensitivity of most scleractinian corals, there has been a substantial increase in mass coral bleaching events and subsequent mortality of reefs with rapid changes in global sea-surface temperatures. The coral reefs of the Musandam Peninsula, situated on the Arabian Peninsula in the Strait of Hormuz, endure very harsh conditions such as high salinity and temperatures, existing in what would be considered marginal and challenging environments for corals in other parts of the world. Surprisingly, reefs in this area are thriving and high mean percentages of coral cover of well over 50% were recorded by Biosphere Expeditions in 2010. Although resilience seems to exist among the Musandam corals, there is increasing concern that any additional stress, for example from natural disasters and/or anthropogenic impacts, may accelerate coral die-off. Between 9 and 15 October 2011, Biosphere Expeditions, in collaboration with the Emirates Diving Association, ran for the third year a research project along the North Musandam peninsula coastline during which a coral reef survey using the Reef Check methodology was carried out at five sites. The main objectives of this study are to (1) monitor the health of and the impacts on the Musandam Peninsula’s coral reefs and (2) use and disseminate these findings for management, educational and conservation purposes by local government and NGOs. Data obtained in the past three years of expeditions have revealed some improvements in the system. Besides the high mean coral coverage of 58% observed in North Musandam in 2011, the increase in the number of parrotfish observed during this expedition, as well as the decrease in the mean substrate coverage of nutrient indicator algae and silt, are encouraging signs of a largely intact reef habitat, which nonetheless remains threatened and in need of further conservation action. The results of the 2009 to 2011 expeditions show clearly that Oman, in the North of Musandam, has in its stewardship (1) arguably the best reefs of the region and (2) a unique area of (a) natural beauty as well as (b) commercial importance, not just for fishermen, but also for the local economy as a generator of income from tourism. The continuation of this research project is important for the constant monitoring of the valuable coral reefs of the Musandam peninsula; a habitat that not only guarantees high biodiversity in the area, but also provides local communities with essential goods, services and resources. However, without additional actions, Biosphere Expeditions’ annual Reef Check surveys are likely simply to document a continuing decline of yet another reef habitat in the Middle East. We therefore recommend that the following additional projects are instigated by local government and NGOs: (1) fisheries landings studies, (2) patrolling and new legislation for the diving and fishing communities, (3) creation of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) or a network of MPAs, including the installation and monitoring of fixed and marked mooring buoys (4) actions to declare the Musandam peninsula a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and eventually a UNESCO World Heritage Site and (5) policy and enforcement action for any protected areas created. 2 © Biosphere Expeditions, an international not-for-profit conservation organisation – www.biosphere-expeditions.org Member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council & Global Ministerial Environment Forum Member of the International Union for Conservation ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ϊϠδѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϣΪѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΪόϟΎΑΔϳήθѧѧѧѧѧѧΒϟ΍ΔϴϧΎϜδѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϋϮϤΠϤϟ΍ΪѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϓήΗΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϬϧ΃ΚѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϴΣ˭ϲΟϮѧѧѧѧѧѧϟϮϴΒϟ΍ωϮѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϨΘϠϟϲϤϟΎѧѧѧѧѧѧόϟ΍Ϊϴόμѧѧѧ ѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϋΔѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϣΎϫΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϧΎϜϣΔѧѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ ϞѧѧѧѧѧѧΘΤΗ ϊѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϤΟϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϥΈѧѧѧѧѧѧϓˬϯϮμѧѧѧѧѧѧϘϟ΍Ύѧѧѧѧ ѧѧϬΘϴϤϫ΃ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϣϢϏήϟΎѧѧѧѧѧѧΑϭˬϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϜϟϭ .ϞΣ΍Ϯδѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΎϤΣϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓϡΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϬϟ΍ΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϫέϭΩϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ·ΔϓΎѧѧѧѧѧѧο·ˬΕΎϣΪѧѧѧѧѧѧΨϟ΍ϭΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϣΎϬϟ΍Δѧѧѧѧѧѧϴ΋΍άϐϟ΍ έ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧοϷ΍ϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ·ΔϓΎѧѧѧѧѧѧοϹΎΑˬρήѧѧѧѧѧѧϔϤϟ΍ϝϼϐΘѧѧѧѧѧѧγϻ΍ϭˬΙϮϠΘϟΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϛ :ΓήѧѧѧѧѧѧηΎΒϤϟ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϏϭ΃ΓήѧѧѧѧѧѧηΎΒϤϟ΍ΔϳήθѧѧѧѧѧѧΒϟ΍ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧѧγέΎϤϤϟ΍ήϴΛ΄ѧѧѧѧѧѧΘΑϚѧѧѧѧѧѧϟΫϭ˭έ΍ήϤΘѧѧѧѧѧѧγΎΑΓΩΪѧѧѧѧѧѧϬϣϢϟΎѧѧѧѧѧѧόϟ΍˯ΎѧѧѧѧѧѧΤϧ΃ ΔϴϓΎѧѧѧѧѧѧο·ΎρϮϐѧѧѧѧѧѧοήѧѧѧѧѧѧοΎΤϟً ΍ΖѧѧѧѧѧѧϗϮϟ΍ϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ ΍ϪѧѧѧѧѧѧΟ΍ϮΗ. ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϣΎψϨϟ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϏΔϴΣΎϴδѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ΔτθѧѧѧѧѧѧϧϷ΍ϭ،ϞΣ΍Ϯδѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϋΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧ΍ήϤόϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϛήΤϟ΍ ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϋΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϤΟΎϨϟ΍ ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϢѧѧѧѧѧѧψόϣϯΪѧѧѧѧѧѧϟΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϳέ΍ήΤϟ΍ΔϴγΎδѧѧѧѧѧѧΤϠϟً΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧψϧϭ .ΥΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϨϤϟ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϐΘΑΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϘϴΛϭΎѧѧѧѧѧѧρΎΒΗέ΍ّ ً ً ςΒΗήѧѧѧѧѧѧΗϲѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϟ΍ΓΪΠΘδѧѧѧѧѧѧϤϟ΍ν΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧϣϷ΍ϭϱέ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧѧΤϟ΍ΩΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϬΟϹ΍ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϋΔѧѧѧѧѧѧΠΗΎϧ ΢τѧѧѧѧѧγΓέ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧΣΕΎѧѧѧѧѧΟέΩϲѧѧѧѧѧϓϊϳήδѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧϴّ ϐΘϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧΠϴΘϧΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϲѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧϘΣϻ ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧϴϓϭϰѧѧѧѧѧϟ·ϱΩΆѧѧѧѧѧϳϱάѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϲϋΎѧѧѧѧѧϤΠϟ΍νΎπѧѧѧѧѧϴΑϻΎΑΎϬΘΑΎѧѧѧѧѧλ·ΕϻΪѧѧѧѧѧόϣΖѧѧѧѧѧόϔΗέ΍ΪѧѧѧѧѧϘϓΔѧѧѧѧѧϳήΠΤϟ΍ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ. ωΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϔΗέΎϛ :ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΎϐϠϟΔϴѧѧѧѧѧѧγΎϗΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴΌϴΑΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϓϭήυً ً ˬΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴΑήόϟ΍ΓήѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΰΠϟ΍ϪΒѧѧѧѧѧѧηϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓΰѧѧѧѧѧѧϣήϫϖϴπѧѧѧѧѧѧϣϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϋΔѧѧѧѧѧѧόϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ϡΪϨδѧѧѧѧѧѧϣΓήѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΰΟϪΒѧѧѧѧѧѧηϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ΖѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϤΤΗΪѧѧѧѧѧѧϘϟ ϯήѧѧѧѧѧΧ΃˯΍ΰѧѧѧѧѧΟ΃ϲѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧϠϟΎΒόѧѧѧѧѧλΎϳΪѧѧѧѧѧΤΗϞϜθѧѧѧѧѧΗϲѧѧѧѧѧΘϟ΍Δϴθً ً ѧѧѧѧѧϣΎϬϟ΍ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧΌϴΒϟ΍ΪѧѧѧѧѧΣ΃ϩέΎѧѧѧѧѧΒΘϋ΍ϦѧѧѧѧѧϜϤϳΎ ѧѧѧѧѧϣϲѧѧѧѧѧϓΰѧѧѧѧѧϛήΘΗϲѧѧѧѧѧΘϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧϴϟΎόϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧΣϮϠϤϟ΍ϭΓέ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧΤϟ΍ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧΟέΩ ѧѧѧϣ،Ε΍άѧѧѧѧѧϟΎΑΔѧѧѧѧѧϘτϨϤϟ΍ϩάѧѧѧѧѧϫϲѧѧѧѧѧϓΏΎόθѧѧѧ ѧѧϟ΍ήѧѧѧѧѧϫΩΰΗϥ΃Ώ΍ήϐΘѧѧѧѧѧγϼϟήѧѧѧѧѧϴΜϤϟ΍Ϧѧѧѧѧѧϣϭ .ϢϟΎѧѧѧѧѧόϟ΍Ϧѧѧѧѧѧϣ ﱢ Ύѧѧѧѧѧϣϲѧѧѧѧѧτϐϳϱάѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϲϧΎѧѧѧѧѧΟήϤϟ΍˯Ύѧѧѧѧѧτϐϟ΍ςѧѧѧѧѧγϮΘϣϦѧѧѧѧѧϣΔѧѧѧѧѧόϔΗήϣΔΒδѧѧѧѧѧϧΔϠΠδѧѧً ϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ΎϬϳΪѧѧѧѧѧѧΒΗϲѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϧϭήϤϟ΍ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϣϢϏήѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϋˬϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϜϟϭ .(2010ϡΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϋϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓΔϴϓΎθѧѧѧѧѧѧϜΘγϻ΍ήϴϔѧѧѧѧѧѧγϮϳΎΑΕΎѧѧѧѧѧѧΜόΑΕϼΠδѧѧѧѧѧѧϟΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϘϓϭً )% 50ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϋΪѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΰϳ ΎѧѧѧѧѧόϣΎѧѧѧѧѧϤϬϴϠϛϭ΃ˬΔϳήθѧѧѧѧѧΒϟ΍ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧγً έΎϤϤϟ΍ϭ΃ΔѧѧѧѧѧϴόϴΒτϟ΍Ιέ΍ϮϜϟΎѧѧѧѧѧϛ:ΔϴϓΎѧѧѧѧѧο·ρϮϐѧѧѧѧѧοϱ΃ϞѧѧѧѧѧϤΤΗϰѧѧѧѧѧϠϋΏΎόθѧѧ ّ ѧѧѧϟ΍ϩάѧѧѧѧѧϫΓέΪѧѧѧѧѧϗϝϮѧѧѧѧѧΣΪѧѧѧѧѧϳ΍ΰΘϳϖѧѧѧѧѧϠϘϟ΍ϥΈѧѧѧѧѧϓˬϡΪϨδѧѧѧѧѧϣΔѧѧѧѧѧϘτϨϣˬ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺠﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ھﻼك اﻟﺸﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ وﻓﻨﺎﺋﮭﺎ. 9ϦϴѧѧѧѧѧѧΑΔѧѧѧѧѧѧόϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ΓήѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϔϟ΍ϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓϭ و ωϭήθѧѧѧѧѧѧϣ˯΍ήΟΈѧѧѧѧѧѧΑ " ιϮѧѧѧѧѧѧϐϠϟΕ΍έΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϣϹ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴόϤΟ" ϊѧѧѧѧѧѧϣϥϭΎѧѧѧѧѧѧόΘϟΎΑ"ΔϴϓΎθѧѧѧѧѧѧϜΘγϻ΍ήϴϔѧѧѧѧѧѧγϮϳΎΑΕΎѧѧѧѧѧѧΜόΑ "ϖѧѧѧѧѧѧϳήϓϡΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϗˬ 2011 ήΑϮѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϛ΃15 ѧѧѧѧѧѧΜΤΑﻲ ϊѧѧѧѧѧѧϗ΍ϮϣΔδѧѧѧѧѧѧϤΧ ϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓ ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍΢δѧѧѧѧѧѧϣ ωϭήθѧѧѧѧѧѧϤϟ΍ ϝϼѧѧѧѧѧѧΧϢѧѧѧѧѧѧΗ .ϲϟ΍ϮѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϟ΍ϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϋΔѧѧѧѧѧѧΜϟΎΜϟ΍ΔϨδѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϟ ،ϡΪϨδѧѧѧѧѧѧϣΓήѧѧѧѧѧѧϳΰΟϪΒθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟϲϟΎϤθѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϞΣΎδѧѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍Ω΍ΪѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϣ΍ϰѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϋ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام " ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿﺔ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ ". وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ اﻷھﺪاف اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ : أوﻻ : ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﮫ ﺟﺰﯾﺮة ﻣﺴﻨﺪم ، ورﺻﺪ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ . ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ: اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ھﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وﻧﺸﺮھﺎ ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺎت إدارﯾﺔ وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ، وﻷﻏﺮاض ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ِﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ . ϲϧΎѧѧѧѧѧΟήϤϟ΍˯Ύѧѧѧѧѧτϐϟ΍ωΎѧѧѧѧѧϔΗέ΍ΐѧѧѧѧѧϧΎΟϰѧѧѧѧѧϟ·.ϡΎѧѧѧѧѧψϨϟ΍ϲѧѧѧѧѧϓ ϦδѧѧѧѧѧΤΘϟ΍ξѧѧѧѧѧόΑϙΎѧѧѧѧѧϨϫϥ΃ ΕήѧѧѧѧѧϬυ΃ΔѧѧѧѧѧϠϤΤϠϟΔϴѧѧѧѧѧοΎϤϟ΍ΙϼΜѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍Ε΍Ϯ Ϩδѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍ϲѧѧѧѧѧϓ ΎѧѧѧѧѧϬϴϠϋϝϮμѧѧѧѧѧΤϟ΍ϢѧѧѧѧѧΗϲѧѧѧѧѧΘϟ΍ ΕΎѧѧѧѧѧϧΎϴΒϟ΍ ϲѧѧѧѧѧϓκϘϨѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍Ε΍ήѧѧѧѧѧηΆϣϦѧѧѧѧѧϋϼπѧѧѧѧѧϓˬً ΔѧѧѧѧѧϠϤΤϟ΍ϩάѧѧѧѧѧϫ˯ΎѧѧѧѧѧϨΛ΃˯ΎѧѧѧѧѧϐΒΒϟ΍ϙΎϤѧѧѧѧѧγ΃ ΩΪѧѧѧѧѧϋϲѧѧѧѧѧϓ Ϊѧѧѧѧѧϳ΍ΰ ΗΎπѧѧѧѧѧϳ΃φΣϮً ѧѧѧѧѧϟُ ΎѧѧѧѧѧϤϛ .2011ϡΎѧѧѧѧѧϋϡΪϨδѧѧѧѧѧϣΔѧѧѧѧѧϘτϨϣϝΎϤѧѧѧѧѧηϲѧѧѧѧѧϓ% 58ΔΒδѧѧѧѧѧϨΑ Δϣϼѧѧѧѧѧγϰѧѧѧѧѧϟ·ήϴθѧѧѧѧѧΗΔόΠθѧѧѧѧѧϣέΩ΍ϮѧѧѧѧѧΑϲѧѧѧѧѧϫϭ .2011ϡΎѧѧѧѧѧόϟΔϴϓΎθѧѧѧѧѧϜΘγϻ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧϠϤΤϟ΍ϝϼѧѧѧѧѧΧϪѧѧѧѧѧΘψΣϼϣϢѧѧѧѧѧΗΎѧѧѧѧѧϣ΍άѧѧѧѧѧϫ .ϲѧѧѧѧѧϤτϟ΍ϭΔѧѧѧѧѧϴΒϠΤτϟ΍ΕΎϳάѧѧѧѧѧϐϤϠϟΔϴϠϔδѧѧѧѧѧ ϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧϴτϐΘϟ΍ςѧѧѧѧѧγϮΘϣ اﻟﺸﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﻤﻮﺋﻞ، إﻻ أن ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﯾﻨﻔﻲ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪ ، ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ اﺗﺨﺎذ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﺮاءات. أظﮭﺮت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎم 2009 إﻟﻰ 2011 أن اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎن ﺗﻤﺘﺎز ﺑﻜﻮﻧﮭﺎ : (1) ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺸﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ . (ϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϓϞΧΪѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϟϡΎѧѧѧѧѧѧϫέΪμѧѧѧѧѧѧϣΎϬϔѧѧѧѧѧѧλϮΑϚѧѧѧѧѧѧϟΫϭ،Ύπѧѧѧѧѧѧϳ΃ϲѧѧѧѧѧѧϠΤϤϟ΍ΩΎμѧѧѧѧѧѧΘϗϼϟϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϜϟϭςً ѧѧѧѧѧѧϘϓϦϳΩΎϴμѧѧѧѧѧѧϠϟ βϴѧѧѧѧѧѧϟˬΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϳέΎΠΘϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧѧϴϤϫϷ΍ϦѧѧѧѧѧѧϋϼπѧѧѧѧѧѧϓϲѧѧѧѧѧѧόϴΒτϟ΍ϝΎѧѧѧѧ ً ѧѧϤΠϟΎΑΩήѧѧѧѧѧѧϔΘΗّ ( 2 اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﻲ. ·Ϟѧѧѧѧѧ΋ϮϤϟ΍ΎѧѧѧѧѧϬϧϮϜϟˬΔϠѧѧѧѧѧλ΍ϮΘϤϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧΒϗ΍ήϤϟ΍ΖѧѧѧѧѧΤΗϡΪϨδѧѧѧѧѧϣΓήѧѧѧѧѧϳΰΟϪΒѧѧѧѧѧηϲѧѧѧѧѧϓΔѧѧѧѧѧϤϴϘϟ΍ΔѧѧѧѧѧϴϧΎΟήϤϟ΍ΏΎόθѧѧѧѧѧϟ΍˯ΎѧѧѧѧѧϘΑϹّ ϯϮμѧѧѧѧѧϗΔѧѧѧѧѧϴϤϫ΃ϪѧѧѧѧѧϟϲѧѧѧѧѧΜΤΒϟ΍ωϭήθѧѧѧѧѧϤϟ΍΍άѧѧѧѧѧϫέ΍ήϤΘѧѧѧѧѧγ΍ϥ
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PROJECT REPORT Expedition Dates: 6 – 12 October 2013 Report Published: April 2014
    PROJECT REPORT Expedition dates: 6 – 12 October 2013 Report published: April 2014 Underwater pioneers: studying & protecting the unique coral reefs of the Musandam peninsula, Oman. n e k t i A n i v l e K ) c ( e g a m i r e v o C BEST BEST FOR TOP BEST WILDLIFE BEST IN ENVIRONMENT TOP HOLIDAY VOLUNTEERING GREEN-MINDED RESPONSIBLE VOLUNTEERING SUSTAINABLE AWARD FOR NATURE ORGANISATION TRAVELLERS HOLIDAY HOLIDAY TRAVEL Germany Germany UK UK UK UK USA EXPEDITION REPORT Underwater pioneers: studying & protecting the unique coral reefs of the Musandam peninsula, Oman. Expedition dates: 6 – 12 October 2013 Report published: February 2014 Authors: Jean-Luc Solandt Marine Conservation Society Matthias Hammer (editor) Biosphere Expeditions 1 © Biosphere Expeditions, an international not-for-profit conservation organisation – www.biosphere-expeditions.org Member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council & Global Ministerial Environment Forum Member of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Abstract Coral reefs are important biodiversity hotspots that not only function as a crucial habitat for a multitude of organisms, but also provide human populations with an array of goods and services, such as food and coastal protection. Despite this, coral reefs are under threat worldwide from direct or indirect anthropogenic impacts, such as pollution, overexploitation and climate change. The coral reefs of the Musandam peninsula (Oman), situated on the Arabian Peninsula in the Strait of Hormuz, endure extreme conditions such as high salinity and temperatures, existing – indeed thriving – in what would be considered marginal and highly challenging environments for corals in other parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Archaeological Databases and Cultural Tourism in Oman
    International Conference on Trends in Economics, Humanities and Management (ICTEHM'14) Aug 13-14, 2014 Pattaya (Thailand) The Relationship between Archaeological Databases and Cultural Tourism in Oman Mohammed Ali K. Al-Belushi II. PROBLEM OF THE STUDY Abstract—Archaeological tourism in Oman is still in its early stages and the current dialogue between the two sectors of heritage A glance at the Omani archaeological tourism is enough to management and tourism in the field of archaeological tourism is still show that this type of tourism is still in its infancy [4], [5]. The insufficient. The current plans of this type of tourism are not current plans of this type of tourism are not designed based on designed base on a comprehensive source of information about the a comprehensive source of information about the nature and nature and characteristics of the archaeological sites and monuments. characteristics of the archaeological sites and monuments. The The role of the modern systematic archaeological databases in criteria that are currently used to select the archaeological and designing and planning the Omani heritage tourism is still absent. historic sites for tourism exploitation are not comprehensive. This study is an overview of the potential values of the archaeological databases in the Omani archaeological tourism. It They are not based on a reliable and complete source of aims to highlight the potential role of these databases in the processes information that can offer a factual representation of all of selecting and managing the archaeological sites and monuments characteristics relating to the exploited sites. Absence of the that are planned to be exploited as touristic attractions.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT of the FISHERIES SECTOR in OMAN a VISION for SHARED PROSPERITY World Bank Advisory Assignment
    Sustainable Management of Public Disclosure Authorized the Fisheries Sector in Oman A Vision for Shared Prosperity World Bank Advisory Assignment Public Disclosure Authorized December 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Group Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth Washington D.C. Sultanate of Oman SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN OMAN A VISION FOR SHARED PROSPERITY World Bank Advisory Assignment December 2015 World Bank Group Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Wealth Washington D.C. Sultanate of Oman Contents Acknowledgements . v Foreword . vii CHAPTER 1. Introduction . 1 CHAPTER 2. A Brief History of the Significance of Fisheries in Oman . 7 CHAPTER 3. Policy Support for an Ecologically Sustainable and Profitable Sector . 11 CHAPTER 4. Sustainable Management of Fisheries, Starting with Stakeholder Engagement . 15 CHAPTER 5. Vision 2040: A World-Class Profitable Fisheries Sector . 21 CHAPTER 6. The Next Generation: Employment, Training and Development to Manage and Utilize Fisheries . 27 CHAPTER 7. Charting the Waters: Looking Forward a Quarter Century . 31 iii Boxes Box 1: Five Big Steps towards Realizing Vision 2040 . 6 Box 2: Fifty Years of Fisheries Development Policy . 13 Box 3: Diving for Abalone . 23 Box 4: Replenishing the Fish . 25 Figures Figure 1: Vision 2040 Diagram . 3 Figure 2: Current Status of Key Fish Stocks in Oman . 12 Figure 3: New Fisheries Management Cycle . 29 Tables Table 1: Classification of Key Stakeholders in the Fisheries Sector . 16 Table 2: SWOT Analysis from Stakeholder Engagement (October 2014) . 18 iv Sustainable Management of the Fisheries Sector in Oman – A Vision for Shared Prosperity Acknowledgements he authors wish to thank H .
    [Show full text]
  • Oq-Csi-Report-English-2020.Pdf
    1 Empowering Communities OQ CSI Report 2020 3 Nation building and development are a public responsibility that requires the commitment of all, without exempting any one from their role, in their respective specialties, and within their capabilities. Oman has been founded, and its civilization has been established through the sacrifices of its people who used their utmost in preserving its dignity and strength, exhibiting their loyalty in performing their national duties and advancing national interests to personal interests. HM Sultan Haitham bin Tarik February 2020 OQ CSI Report 2020 5 CONTENT GCEO MESSAGE In the past year, OQ - as a global integrated energy company - has witnessed the continued realignment of the relationship between business and Corporate Social Investment CSI. We have developed corporate social investment as a stringent concept and consistently uphold our commitment to the environment and the community. We set ourselves targets that go beyond regulatory requirements and aim to constantly sharpen our profile further to meet EDUCATION AND INNOVATION ECONOMIC PROSPERITY VOLUNTEERING our stakeholders’ expectations. For this, we set off on a new journey towards reshaping (LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL) Autism Centre Project 12 Social Envestment Programmes 20 Volunteering The Power of Giving 28 a new CSI framework that fits-in well to satisfy our aspirations, keeping into consideration Dibba Visitor Centre 12 Development of Hayour Cave Volunteering Milestones 29 Science & Innovation Centers Al Buraimi at Samhan Mountain 20 the global CSI best practices and our relentless efforts to contribute to Oman’s vision 2040. Green Oman Initiative 30 & Ibri 13 Ramadhan with Ehsan 30 Dhalkout Cultural Centre With community needs analysis study conducted all over Oman, three focus areas were COVID-19: Contributions by OQ Project 13 Employees 31 developed; namely Health and Education, Economic Prosperity as well as Environmental OQ Sanatisers 31 Stewardship.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Model Arab League Background Guide
    2012 - 2013 Model Arab League BACKGROUND GUIDE Arab Court of Justice ncusar.org/modelarableague Table of Contents Docket A: Jordan v. Libya: Over the failure of Libya to pay health care and associated costs of Libyans being treated in Jordan following the conflict in Libya. ................................................................. 2 UAE v. Oman: Regarding the status of Borders and Territorial Governance concerning the historically disputed territory of the Musandam Peninsula. ........................................................... 4 League of Arab States (represented by Bahrain) v. Qatar: Regarding Muslim Brotherhood election rigging. .............................................................................................................................. 6 Kuwait v. Somalia: Regarding Somali government misuse of donations made by the State of Kuwait through the Kuwait Fund to the Somali state and its citizens. ........................................... 7 Palestine v. Lebanon: Over legal employment opportunity restrictions imposed upon Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. .................................................................................................... 8 Docket B: Sudan v. Egypt: Regarding the mistreatment of Sudanese refugees in Egypt in violation of the UNHCR 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol, of which Egypt became a signatory on 21 May 1981. ................................................................................... 9 Advisory Opinion: Extradition of former
    [Show full text]
  • Market Report
    BCD Travel Research and Intelligence What you need to know: Airline operations: Middle East April 3, 2020 As demand declines and governments around the world restrict travel, airlines are adjusting their operations, and, in some cases, suspending all services. This report summarizes what airlines in the Middle East are doing and planning. Major carriers Airline Action and plans Emirates Most passenger operations suspended from March 25. Flights to five European destinations resuming on April 6 Etihad Airways All flights suspended from March 26, initially for 14 days Qatar Airways Most flights continue, serving passengers transiting through Doha Turkish Airlines All international and some domestic routes suspended until May 1 Emirates resuming some flights after suspending most passenger operations Emirates suspended most passenger operations from March 25, with no date in place for their resumption.1 It had been trying to maintain these flights as long as possible, to help travelers return home. But increasing travel restrictions – including the March 19 suspension of all entry visas to the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) – forced it to curtail its operations substantially. Emirates will continue to operate a small number of passenger flights to a limited number of countries, as long as their borders stay open and demand remains. The airline will resume suspended services once countries reopen their borders and travel confidence returns. Emirates is already looking forward to a gradual resumption of passenger services as travel and operational restrictions are lifted. It has received approval to resume services to Brussels, Frankfurt, London, Paris and Zurich from April 6.2 It will offer four flights per week to Heathrow and three to each of the other destinations.
    [Show full text]
  • GEO Expro Magazine Vol. 17, No. 1
    VOL. 17, NO. 1 – 2020 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED geoexpro.com HISTORY OF OIL TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED The Land That Oil Forgot Pangea III: At the Heart of E&P GEOTOURISM Oman’s Musandam Peninsula RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT Salt Biostratigraphy INDUSTRY ISSUES Teaching the Machines Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Contents Vol. 17 No. 1 This edition of GEO ExPro focuses on the GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean; Digitalisation and Artifi cial Intelligence; and Reservoir Management. 22 The Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah 5 Editorial is relatively underexplored and off ers plenty of potential. 6 Regional Update: Egypt - A New Regional Hub? 8 Licensing Update: Timor-Leste 10 A Minute to Read 26 14 Cover Story: Industry Issues: Machine learning combined with Pangea III: At the Heart of E&P knowledge gleaned from experts can be used to rapidly assess hydrocarbon Kognitus 18 Industry Issues: Teaching the Machines risks. 22 Country Profi le: Ras Al Khaimah – Great Hydrocarbon Potential 26 Reservoir Management: AI and Petroleum System Risk Assessment AAPG 30 Hot Spot: Empires of Gas in the Eastern 32 Mediterranean Distinguished explorationist Bernard Duval advises young 32 GEO Profi le: Bernard Duval – Vive geoscientists to “study, read, L’Aventure! attend technical society meetings, network − but also to 36 Seismic Foldout: Maximus Survey: get out in the fi eld and have fun!” Opportunities in Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 46 Confused by the range of climate 42 Recent Advances in Technology: From scenarios? Free online interactive Arrhenius to CO2 Storage – Part VI calculators can help make understanding the complexities of the 46 Industry Issues: Comprehending David Mark/Pixabay climate crisis a bit easier.
    [Show full text]
  • In Musandam Province
    احدى �رشكات جمموعة مناء Member of Nama Group 11th Edition of Official Magazine of RAECO S.A.O.C Power Transmission Project in Musandam Province www.reefiah.com Rural Areas Electricity Company Photographer: Adnan Al Wahaiby CONTENTS 4 Definition of Strategy 7 Musandam Transmission Project September 2015 Commercial 8 Operation of the Solar Energy Project Rural Areas Electricity Company 9 Wins Award for Omanization Several Agreements Signed During 9 Third Business Opportunities Forum The Rural Areas Electricity Company participates in the second Al Daqum 10 Forum RAECO Celebration 16 `the 45th Glorious National Day Editorial Staff Editor-in-Chief Coordinator Samira Al Mughairi Ameera Al-Aufi Production Head Coordinator Photographer Communication and Media Department Amal Al-Wahaibi Mazin Al- Abri Rural Areas Electricity Company CEO' Message Definition of Strategy The definition of the word strategy goes back to ancient The reader may now begin to understand that strategy wars. It meant the maneuvers of military units to reach a is linked to the objectives of the company. Whether they certain point or place before the enemy. In the previous were achieved by a set of decisions or programs. Henry definition, strategy meant relocation. However, if the Mitzeberg stressed on the notion of strategy in his book enemy has reached the desired place or they were located "The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning". He indicated there previously, a different term will be used, which is that people commonly used implications of that: tactics. B. H. Lindall Heart defined military strategies as • Strategy is the plan or method that can change the the art of using battles, to achieve the purpose of the war.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2020
    ANNUAL REPORT 2020 MUSANDAM ON His Majesty His Majesty Sultan Qaboos Bin Said (Late) Sultan Haitham bin Tarik CONTENTS Board of Directors 5 Board of Directors’ Report 6 Corporate Governance Report 11 Brief Profiles of Directors 21 Brief Profiles of Key Executive Officers 24 Management Discussion and Analysis Report 27 Auditors Report 38 Financial Statements 42 3 | Annual Report 2020 4 | Annual Report 2020 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Maqbool Al-Lawati Chairman Mr. Jun H. Kim Deputy Chairman Najla Al Jamali Director Mr. Hamid A. Hamirani Director 5 | Annual Report 2020 BOARD OF DIRECTORS’ REPORT Dear Shareholders, On behalf of the Board of Directors of Musandam Power Company SAOG (the “Company”), I have the pleasure to present the Annual Report of the Company for the year ended 31st December 2020. Musandam Power Company SAOG (the “Company”) was registered and incorporated as a closed joint stock company in the Sultanate of Oman on 18th November 2014. Subsequently, the Company was converted to a joint stock company (“SAOG”) and was listed on the Muscat Securities Market (“MSM”) on 5th December 2019. The Company is engaged in the design, construction, ownership, financing, operation and maintenance of a dual fuel power plant (the “Plant”) with natural gas as the primary fuel and diesel oil as the alternative fuel with a capacity of 120 Mega Watt (MW) located in Wilayat Bukha in the Musandam Governorate, Sultanate of Oman (the “Project”). The Company is selling the electrical energy generated to Oman Power and Water Procurement Company SAOC (the “OPWP”). Before listing, the Company was a subsidiary of Oman Oil Facilities Development Company LLC (“OOFDC”) which is owned by OQ SAOC (“OQ”), a closely held joint stock company incorporated in the Sultanate of Oman.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Commercial Use Only
    Geospatial Health 2021; volume 16:985 Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 across Oman - A geospatial modelling approach Khalifa M. Al Kindi,1 Adhra Al-Mawali,2 Amira Akharusi,3 Duhai Alshukaili,4 Noura Alnasiri,1,5 Talal Al-Awadhi,1 Yassine Charabi,1,5 Ahmed M. El Kenawy1,6 1Geography Department, College of Arts & Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; 2Director/Centre of Studies & Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; 3Physiology Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; 4University of Technology & Applied Sciences, Nizwa, Oman; 5Center for Environmental Studies & Research, Muscat, Oman; 6Department of Geography, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (GLM) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) indicated Abstract an improvement in model performance using GWR (goodness of fit=93%) compared to GLM (goodness of fit=86%). The local Local, bivariate relationships between coronavirus 2019 2 (COVID-19) infection rates and a set of demographic and socioe- coefficient of determination (R ) showed a significant influence of specific demographic and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19, conomic variables were explored at the district level in Oman. To including percentages of Omani and non-Omani population at var- limit multicollinearity a principal component analysis was con- ious age levels; spatial onlyinteraction; population density; number of ducted, the results of which showed that three components togeth- hospital beds; total number of households; purchasing power; and er could explain 65% of the total variance that were therefore sub- purchasing power per km2. No direct correlation between COVID- jected to further study. Comparison of a generalized linear model 19 rates and health facilities distribution or tobacco usage.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Geo-Processing Model for a Quantitative Assessment of Coastal Exposure and Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise in the Sultanate of Oman
    American Journal of Climate Change, 2015, 4, 379-384 Published Online September 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajcc http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2015.44030 Application of Geo-Processing Model for a Quantitative Assessment of Coastal Exposure and Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise in the Sultanate of Oman Salim Al-Hatrushi, Elnazir Ramadan, Yassine Charabi Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 25 May 2015; accepted 5 September 2015; published 8 September 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The Sultanate of Oman has a long coastline extending for about 3165 km including a number of bays and islands. Oman’s coastline borders the Arabian Gulf, the Sea of Oman and the Arabian Sea. Most of this coastline is soft and low laying shore subject to the dynamics of sediment transport and the landward retreat of the shoreline, caused by anthropogenic factors and sea level rise as- sociated with climate change. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of the entire Omani coastal zone to the expected sea level rise and storm surge. Methodology is based on applying Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) to identify clusters of high vulnerability areas according to their sensitivity and dynamic nature and increased risk resulted from seal level rise, erosion and ex- treme weather events. The coastal line of the governorates of Al Batinah, Muscat and Al-Wusta has scored highly due to possessing similar physical attributes.
    [Show full text]
  • Sultanate of Oman Ministry of Heritage and Culture
    11111111111111111111111111 Ill 0101200008 Sultanate of Oman Ministry of Heritage and Culture To Whom It May Concern Ministry of Heritage and Culture hereby certifies that the art of Al-Ayyala is a registered art in the National Inventory List under No. 5.63. This list has been prepared with the participation of the groups and communities concerned from both the public and private sectors and civil society organizations. Kind regards Director General of Literature and Arts /signed and stamped/ ---------------------------- ~~~----~ ---------------------------- Su{tanate of Oman Ministry of :Jleritage & Culture P.O. Box: 668 Muscat, Postal Code: 113, Tel.: 24641300 / 24641325, Fax: 24641331 mm,. , ~t.i .mmTo 1 mm .. :o.Liu .m :1/JJ..)!-ll _:,..}1 .w...... m :yiJ" Website: www.mhc.gov.om :.::..:._;;.:.'11 ~ o;Jjj.JI ti_,.. E-mail: [email protected] ,_,._.,>:i.S..J'il J,.l~l VISI N Omani Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory Lists Omani Traditional Arts ~o.r' J.t",~ ',',· '• :.•' ·~~- .-~. { .. ~~ .} •• ·;:; ••• '' ' 'I. l ~ ..., .' . ' I l i·)i VISI N Elements of Traditional Arts No. Name of Details of Element Components Element Element 511 Almadar Traditional arts Almadar is a dancing lyrical art practiced by men and in Merbat women, agilely moving in waves forward and backward, Province with men wielding sticks, daggers and swords and ladies raising their hands. 5/2 Alzamel Traditional arts Alzamel is a lyrical march where participants stand in in Merbat short parallel rows using drums. It has two types: the Province slow one where qasaba is played against a background of serious poetry accompanied by drums and tambourines; the quick one, known as "alsharh" which is performed in a quicker rhythm and supplication poetry.
    [Show full text]