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TUCKED IN: American Quilts and the Beds They Cover, 1790-1939

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TUCKED IN: American Quilts and the Beds They Cover, 1790-1939 University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Public Access Theses and Dissertations from Education and Human Sciences, College of the College of Education and Human Sciences (CEHS) Summer 7-2011 TUCKED IN: American Quilts and the Beds They Cover, 1790-1939 Madeleine Roberg University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Education Commons, Other History Commons, and the United States History Commons Roberg, Madeleine, "TUCKED IN: American Quilts and the Beds They Cover, 1790-1939" (2011). Public Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. 123. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/123 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Education and Human Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TUCKED IN American Quilts and the Beds They Cover, 1790-1939 by Madeleine Roberg A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Textiles, Clothing & Design Under the Supervision of Professor Patricia Cox Crews Lincoln, Nebraska July 2011 TUCKED IN: AMERICAN QUILTS AND THE BEDS THEY COVER; 1790-1939 Madeleine Roberg, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2011 Adviser: Patricia Cox Crews This study examines the size of quilts to determine if changes in quilt size are a reflection of changes in bedstead size. To conduct this study 118 quilt publications and 304 furniture publications (including Sears, Roebuck and Co. retail catalogues). were examined for data on quilts and bedsteads. Using these sources the dimensions of 3299 surviving quilts and 1651 bedsteads were examined to determine whether or not changes in quilts sizes correlate with changes in bedstead dimensions. The study found that quilt size (mean area) steadily declined between 1800 and 1910 and increased in the 1920s and 1930s. The most significant decline in quilt size occurred between the 1850s and 1860s, confirming what other scholars had previously noted but not studied. Meanwhile, bedsteads gradually increased from 1790 to 1870 before declining sharply in size in the 1880s. Consequently, a positive correlation did not exist between quilt size and bedstead size from 1790 to 1939. The largest mean area of quilts occurred in the 1800s while the largest mean area of bedsteads occurred in the 1860s and 1870s. The significant decrease in quilt size between the 1850s and 1860s may be due to a shift from an upper-class pastime to a working-class pastime as fabric became widely available and a change in the quilts context on the bed. Instead of serving as the primary top cover it might now be used more often underneath a white counterpane or sheet. The decrease in quilt size could also be that quilts were no longer placed on the best bed in the house but were now used for secondary beds, including those of servants. Explanations for the increase in size in the 1920s and 1930s could be the popularity of quilt patterns and kits and the use of feedsacks. Forty-five percent of the quilts had a directional element. These included motifs, borders (on less than four sides), corners, inscriptions and an asymmetrical design format. Twenty-five percent of the quilts were square. iv Copyright © Madeleine Roberg All Rights Reserved 2011 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Patricia Crews, whose patience, guidance and knowledge have made this thesis possible. I would also like to thank the other members of my graduate committee, Dr. Barbara Trout and Dr. Mark Hinchman, for their guidance and suggestions. I am indebted to my colleagues, in particular Nancy Bavor, for listening to all of my thesis ideas and encouraging me to pursue this project. The University of Nebraska Interlibrary loan staff also receives my thanks for all of their assistance in obtaining resources. The staff at the International Quilt Study Center and Museum also deserve special thanks for their ideas and support in this journey. Last, but certainly not least, I would also like to thank Jason O. Garber for following me to Nebraska so that I could further my education and passion for textiles. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT PAGE ...................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................................xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................................................... 2 Research Questions ...................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 SOURCES AND METHODS ................................................................................... 5 Sources ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Delimitations and Limitations .................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 20 Quilt History Scholarship .......................................................................................................... 20 Bed History Scholarship ............................................................................................................ 27 American Life and Design: 1790-1839 ...................................................................................... 29 Quilts: 1790-1839 .................................................................................................................. 31 Beds: 1790-1839 .................................................................................................................... 36 American Life and Design: 1840-1869 ...................................................................................... 44 Quilts: 1840-1869 .................................................................................................................. 46 Beds: 1840-1869 .................................................................................................................... 52 American Life and Design: 1870-1919 ...................................................................................... 63 Quilts: 1870-1919 .................................................................................................................. 67 Beds: 1870-1919 .................................................................................................................... 72 American Life and Design: 1920-1939 ...................................................................................... 79 Quilts: 1920-1939 .................................................................................................................. 80 Beds: 1920-1939 .................................................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 91 Analysis of Quilt and Bedstead Dimensions.............................................................................. 92 vii Quilt Dimensions ................................................................................................................... 92 Bedstead Dimensions ........................................................................................................... 101 Comparison of Quilt Dimensions to Bedstead Dimensions ................................................. 108 Directional Design Elements Indicating the Quiltmaker Considered the Bed ......................... 114 Square Quilts Versus Rectangular Quilts................................................................................. 120 CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................... 124 APPENDIX A: BOOK LISTS ..................................................................................................... 133 APPENDIX B: DATABASE STRUCTURE .............................................................................. 166 APPENDIX C: DATA PRESENTED BY REGION ................................................................... 176 APPENDIX D: DATA PRESENTED BY FORMAT ................................................................
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