2016-04-09 CELTIC COINS ARTICLE.Htm
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Architecture, Style and Structure in the Early Iron Age in Central Europe
TOMASZ GRALAK ARCHITECTURE, STYLE AND STRUCTURE IN THE EARLY IRON AGE IN CENTRAL EUROPE Wrocław 2017 Reviewers: prof. dr hab. Danuta Minta-Tworzowska prof. dr hab. Andrzej P. Kowalski Technical preparation and computer layout: Natalia Sawicka Cover design: Tomasz Gralak, Nicole Lenkow Translated by Tomasz Borkowski Proofreading Agnes Kerrigan ISBN 978-83-61416-61-6 DOI 10.23734/22.17.001 Uniwersytet Wrocławski Instytut Archeologii © Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski and author Wrocław 2017 Print run: 150 copies Printing and binding: "I-BIS" Usługi Komputerowe, Wydawnictwo S.C. Andrzej Bieroński, Przemysław Bieroński 50-984 Wrocław, ul. Sztabowa 32 Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER I. THE HALLSTATT PERIOD 1. Construction and metrology in the Hallstatt period in Silesia .......................... 13 2. The koine of geometric ornaments ......................................................................... 49 3. Apollo’s journey to the land of the Hyperboreans ............................................... 61 4. The culture of the Hallstatt period or the great loom and scales ....................... 66 CHAPTER II. THE LA TÈNE PERIOD 1. Paradigms of the La Tène style ................................................................................ 71 2. Antigone and the Tyrannicides – the essence of ideological change ................. 101 3. The widespread nature of La Tène style ................................................................ -
Coin Inscriptions and the Origins of Writing in Pre-Roman Britain1 Jonathan Williams
COIN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE ORIGINS OF WRITING IN PRE-ROMAN BRITAIN1 JONATHAN WILLIAMS Introduction THE subject of writing in pre-Roman Britain has, until recently, been the object of curious neglect among archaeologists and historians. One simple reason for this is that there is not very much of it in evidence. There are no lapidary inscriptions, and only a few, short graffiti and other scraps of evidence (on which see more below). Contrast this with the situation after the Roman conquest, and the overwhelming impression is that pre-Roman Britain was essentially a pre-literate society, and that writing was brought to Britain by the Romans. And yet there is the not inconsiderable corpus of coin legends from pre-Roman Britain which, if allowed to do so, might seem to tell a rather different story. The object of this paper is to see what kind of story that might be. It has always been a major blind-spot of numismatists, and increasingly archaeologists too since they stopped reading ancient texts, that they tend not to think very much about coin legends other than as a key to attributing the coin to a particular tribe, city or ruler. One result of this is that it seems to have gone more or less unremarked upon in most treatments of late iron-age Britain that the coin legends that appear on the coins in the late first century BC are the first, and by far the largest, body of evidence for the introduction of writing into these islands and of its uses in the pre-Roman period. -
Celtic Coins and Their Archetypes
Celtic Coins and their Archetypes The Celts dominated vast parts of Europe from the beginning of the 5th century BC. On their campaigns they clashed with the Etruscans, the Romans and the Greeks, they fought as mercenaries under Philip II and Alexander the Great. On their campaigns the Celts encountered many exotic things – coins, for instance. From the beginning of the 3rd century, the Celts started to strike their own coins Initially, their issued were copies of Greek, Roman and other money. Soon, however, the Celts started to modify the Greek and Roman designs according to their own taste and fashion. By sheer abstraction they managed to transform foreign models into typically Celtic artworks, which are often almost modern looking. 1 von 27 www.sunflower.ch Kingdom of Macedon, Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC) in the Name of Philip II, Stater, c. 324 BC, Colophon Denomination: Stater Mint Authority: King Alexander III of Macedon Mint: Colophon Year of Issue: -324 Weight (g): 8.6 Diameter (mm): 19.0 Material: Gold Owner: Sunflower Foundation Through decades of warfare, King Philip II had turned Macedon into the leading power of the Greek world. In the summer of 336 BC he was assassinated, however, and succeeded by his son Alexander, who would later be known as "the Great." This coin was minted one year before Alexander's death. It bears a beautiful image of Apollo. The coin is a so-called Philip's stater, as Alexander's father Philip had already issued them for diplomatic purposes (bribery thus) and for the pay of his mercenaries. -
Gifts, Goods and Money
Gifts, Goods and Money Gifts, Goods and Money: Comparing currency and circulation systems in past societies explores and Hofmann (eds) Brandherm, Heymans the economic and social roles of exchange systems in past societies from a variety of different perspectives. Based on a broad range of individual case studies, the authors tackle problems Comparing currency and circulation systems surrounding the identification of (premonetary) currencies in the archaeological record. These concern the part played by weight measurement systems in their development, the changing role of objects as they shift between different spheres of exchange, e.g. from gifts in past societies to commodities, as well as wider issues regarding the role of exchange networks as agents of social and economic change. Among the specific questions the papers address is what happens when new objects of value are introduced into a system, or when existing objects go out of use, as well as how exchange systems react to events such as crises or the emergence of new polities and social constellations. One theme that unites most of the papers is the tension between what is introduced from the outside and changes that are driven by social transformations within a given group. Dirk Brandherm studied Archaeology, Classics and Social Anthropology at the universities of Münster, Edinburgh and Freiburg. Most of his work has been in European Bronze and Iron Age archaeology, with one focus on metalwork production and depositional practices. He currently holds a position of Lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland. Elon Heymans studied archaeology at the University of Amsterdam and at Tel Aviv University. -
The Application of Trace Element and Isotopic Analyses to the Study of Celtic Gold Coins and Their Metal Sources
The Application of Trace Element and Isotopic Analyses to the Study of Celtic Gold Coins and their Metal Sources. Chris Bendall Johann Wolfgang Goethe University-Frankfurt 2003 The Application of Trace Element and Isotopic Analyses to the Study of Celtic Gold Coins and their Metal Sources. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main Von Chris Bendall Oxford Frankfurt (2003) ii vom Fachberiech Geowissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität als Dissertation angenommen Dekan: Gutachter: Datum der Disputation: iii I would firstly like to thank those people and institutions which provided coins and gold samples for analysis, they include: Celtic coins: S. Berger; Historisches Museum, Frankfurt Dr. K.-J. Gilles; Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Trier Johan van Heesch;Cabinet des Medailles, Biblioteque Royale, Brussels Gino Languini; Wallendorf Francois Reinert, M.A. ; Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxemburg Dr. David Wigg-Wolf ; Fundmünzen der Antike, Johann Wolfgang Goethe- Universität (Includes the coins excavated from the Martberg, Sanctuary site) Gold Samples: Bruno van Eerdenbrugh; Belgium Dr. Beda Hofmann; Naturisches Museum Bern, Switzerland Werner Störk; AG Minifossi, Stuttgart Secondly, I would like to thank everyone within the Institute of Mineralogy, Uni- Frankfurt, who have all helped in one way or another to make the study possible. And last but not least my beautiful family Adi and Avi who are -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The Iron Age coinages of the south midlands, with particular reference to distribution and deposition. Curteis, Mark Edward How to cite: Curteis, Mark Edward (2001) The Iron Age coinages of the south midlands, with particular reference to distribution and deposition., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1231/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 0 distribution and deposition Two volumes Volume 2 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form, including Electronic and the Internet, without the author's prior written consenL All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately. Mark EdwardCurteis Submittedfor the degreeof Ph.D. Universityof Durham Departmentof Archaeology 2001 220 MAR 2002 CONTENTS VOLUME2 Page Chapter 11. -
Ancient Coins Greek Coins
Ancient coins Greek coins 1 Calabria, Tarentum (272-235 BC), silver didrachm, naked horseman, rev. TARAS, Taras riding a dolphin, holding kantharos and trident, AEI and amphora behind, wt. 6.45gms. (Vlasto 904), extremely fine, mint state £200-300 2 Lucania, Herakleia (433-380 BC), silver diobol, hd. of Athena wearing a crested Athenian helmet ornamented with Skylla, rev. Herakles strangling a lion, wt. 1.28gms. (HN. Italy 1379), choice, extremely fine £100-150 3 Lucania, Poseidonia (475-450 BC), silver stater, ΠΟΣΕ, nude Poseidon advancing r. wielding trident with chlamys draped over both arms, rev. ΠOMES, bull stg. r., wt. 8.10gms. (SNG.ANS 654), toned, very fine £200-300 4 Sicily, Gela (465-450 BC), silver litra, bridled horse advancing r., rev. CΕΛΑ, forepart of a male-headed bull r., wt. 0.76gms. (Jenkins 244ff; SNG. ANS 59), toned, extremely fine £100-200 ANCIENT COINS - GREEK COINS 5 6 5 Sicily, Gela (430-425 BC), tetradrachm, quadriga driven by a bearded charioteer, laurel crown in front of the charioteer, rev. CΕΛΑΣ, forepart of a male-headed bull to r., laurel branch to l., wt. 17.30gms. (Jenkins 397; SNG. Ashmolean 1736, same dies); SNG. Copenhagen 266, same dies), struck from worn dies, compact flan, very fine £500-600 6 Sicily, Syracuse (485-478 BC), tetradrachm, struck under Gelon, quadriga driven by a charioteer with Nike flying above crowning the horses, rev. ΣVRAKOΣION, diad. bust of Artemis-Arethusa, with four dolphins around, wt. 17.22gms. (Boehringer 234), about very fine £500-600 7 Sicily, Syracuse (474-450 BC), hd. -
Socio-Semiotics and the Symbiosis of Humans, Horses, and Objects in Later Iron Age Britain
Socio-semiotics and the symbiosis of humans, horses, and objects in later Iron Age Britain Item Type Article Authors Pudney, Caroline Citation Pudney, C. (2018). Socio-semiotics and the symbiosis of humans, horses, and objects in later Iron Age Britain. Archaeological Journal, 176(1), 134-58. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2018.1441105 DOI 10.1080/00665983.2018.1441105 Publisher Taylor & Francis Journal Archaeological Journal Download date 02/10/2021 16:13:53 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620872 Socio-semiotics and the symbiosis of humans, horses, and objects in later Iron Age Britain. Caroline Pudney Department of History and Archaeology, University of Chester, UK. University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ. ([email protected]) Abstract Using an approach derived from material culture studies and semiotics, this paper addresses possible relationships between humans and horses in the British Iron Age. Through a study of the dominance of horse imagery found on Iron Age British coinage, specifically the Western coinage traditionally attributed to the ‘Dobunni’, the author explores how it may reflect possible relationships between humans and horses and their personhood therein. Drawing on wider faunal and metalwork evidence it is argued that these coins could be interpreted as a manifestation of the complex perspectives surrounding a symbiotic relationship between humans and horses. Keywords: Iron Age; coins; horses; personhood; semiotics Introduction The coinage traditionally ascribed to the Dobunni in later Iron Age Britain is particularly marked in the dominance of human and horse imagery upon opposing faces. -
The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum Ralph Haeussler
The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum Ralph Haeussler To cite this version: Ralph Haeussler. The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeol- ogy, 1994, 15, 1993 (1994), pp.41-104. halshs-00371598 HAL Id: halshs-00371598 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00371598 Submitted on 30 Mar 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Romanisation of the Civitas Vangionum by RALPH HÄUSSLER* INTRODUCTION With the arrival of the Romans in Northern Gaul, the effects of Romanisation can almost immediately be detected in what was to become the Northern Provinces which include the territory of the Vangiones under consideration here. The typical remains of Roman culture – well known from the Mediterranean world – now appear in large quantities; for example, we find Latin epigraphy and Roman-style pottery, especially terra sigillata, and also roads, and architecture incorporating Roman building techniques. The few typical artefacts of pre- Roman culture are often dated to pre-Roman times (i.e. La Tène DT1) because of difficulties of dating non-Romanized sites into the Roman period. In addition, there seem to be hardly any archaeological contexts where La Tène and Roman artefacts are found together.2 Only in certain periods of German historiography,3 when a German(ic) omnipresence was being stressed for nationalistic reasons, was the Roman era described as a time of occupation with an emphasis on the continuity and resistance of the Germanic tribes. -
Iron Age Britain and Provide the Supporting Material for the Main Text
CROSS—CHANNEL RELATIONS IN THE BRITISH LATER IRON AGE: with particular reference to the British archaeological evidence 3 Volumes Volume 3 ANDREW PETER FITZPATRICK The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Durham Department of Archaeology 1989 6 JUN 190 APPENDICES Introduction The majority of the appendices attempt to present up to date and complete gazetteers of imported goods in later Iron Age Britain and provide the supporting material for the main text. The gazetteers are arranged by modern county boundaries (ie post 1974-75). The type of context, eg burial or settlement, is given and where it is a settlement, a simple categorisation is also given. Very few sites can confidently be called oppida and the use of the term is fraught with difficulties (Bradley 1984, 150-2; Champion 1987, 103), however, a number of sites stand out because of the comparatively large quantity of imports and perhaps more importantly because they may be suspected to have been seats of authority in the Iron Age. The evidence is most clear cut at Colchester and Silchester and more ambiguous for Braughing, Canterbury, Chichester, Leicester and the St Albans sites. The evidence from Bagendon is rather more difficult to interpret as it suffers from many of the same difficulties of interpretation and phasing as Camulodunum (cf Ch 4.2) and there are chronological problems as to how much pre-conquest occupation there was (Swan 1975, 59-61). -
Iron-Age and Roman Coins Jonathan Williams
IRON-AGE AND ROMAN COINS JONATHAN WILLIAMS Introduction THE twin subjects of this essay, the study of Iron-Age and Roman coinage within Britain over the past century, present a somewhat paradoxical picture when viewed from the particular perspective of British Numismatic Journal.' Over the century of its existence the Journal has published approximately three times as many pieces on Iron-Age coins as on Roman coins and, for the sake of a comparison with a series from a different period, twice as many on the coins of Charles I. The coinages of the peoples of Britain before the Roman conquest are fairly represented, as are the various coinages of medieval and later Britain, whereas the Romans seem, to have been given the cold shoulder.2 On the face of it, the under-representation of studies on Roman coinage which, after all, was more voluminous in quantity than any other in circulation within Britain before or since for a thousand years or more, is somewhat startling. Yet perhaps this should not come as too much of a surprise. This is, after all, a journal of a soci- ety whose object is 'the . promotion of . the study of the coins, medals and tokens of the peo- ples of the British Isles . .'. According to one view of the British past, this counts our Celtic ancestors in and the Roman invaders out. The problem is that this view is about as old as the Society itself. The prevailing idea of 'British' history around 1900 did tend to exclude the Romans from its story. -
La Tène Anthropoid Art in Britain: Changes in Style and People
ANDREW W. LAMB LA TÈNE ANTHROPOID ART IN BRITAIN: CHANGES IN STYLE AND PEOPLE THE BRITISH DATASET AND ITS CONTRASTING NATURE British La Tène art is distinct from its continental contemporaries in a variety of ways. One of these is the prevalence of anthropoid art for much of the Later pre-Roman Iron Age (c. 500 BC-AD 43). Within the Brit- ish archaeological record there is a clear difference in terms of the number of known anthropoid objects between the early to middle La Tène phases (c. 500-120 BC), and the late La Tène phase (c. 120 BC-AD 43). The early and middle phases are characterised by a lack of anthropoid art, with only a small number of indigenous examples known, whereas, in the late phase, anthropoid art is much better represented. Within Britain there are only seven indigenous anthropoid objects of early to middle La Tène date currently known, covering a period of four centuries (tab. 1). Even allowing for the possibility that re-dating may place some artefacts in an earlier phase (per Garrow et al. 2009), this represents a very small dataset. For comparison, the number of early to middle La Tène continental anthropoid stone sculptures from France and the Rhine- land (n = 17), is greater than the number of British anthropoid objects of all classes (Ney 2015, 14-15). By contrast, late La Tène British anthropoid art is much better represented. The most frequently recovered examples are thousands of continental derived gold coins featuring stylised heads of Apollo, distributed across a wide area of southern Britain.