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Netherlands the Netherlands Despite Being a Small Country, Lacking
Netherlands The Netherlands despite being a small country, lacking in natural resources, was able in the 17th Century to become the centre for European overseas trade, including the trade in human beings. This 'Dutch Miracle' was a product of numerous innovations in navigation, manufacturing and finance, which allowed for slaves and slave produce to be transported at greater capacity and at lower cost. The first recorded trader sold 20 Africans to the colony of Virginia in North America in 1619, but the Dutch trade only really took off in response to labour shortage in the newly conquered sugar plantations of Northern Brazil in 1630. Wars with Portugal (1620-1655) left the Dutch in control of many of the slave depots on the West African coast, centred on modern Ghana, which by 1650 had dispatched 30,000 slaves to Brazil alone. After the return of the Brazilian colonies to Portugal in 1654, the Dutch traders were able to draw upon their network of forts to supply other European powers, dominating the supply to Spain until the 1690s. However the near constant warfare the Netherlands were waged in with other European nations, such as Spain, France and Britain, by Imperial Spain, did eventually sap its strength, and Dutch involvement in the trade declined in the 18th Century, and effectively ceased in 1795. When the final abolition of the trade and institution of slavery formally occurred in 1863, Dutch agents had brought 540,000 Africans to the Americas and cast the spectre of slavery east, from the Cape of Good Hope to the Indonesian archipelago. -
St. Eustatius (Statia)
St. Eustatius (Statia) Overview: Sint Eustatius, also known as Statia, is one of the islands which make up the Netherlands Antilles. Over its long history, it changed hands more than 20 times. The island has remained in Dutch hands since 1816. Vocanic in origin, and quite rugged along the coastal areas, it was once one of the busiest and most powerful commercial ports in the Caribbean. As a result of the British blockade during America's Revolutionary War, most goods destined for the new colonies flowed into St. Eustatius. It was not uncommon to see hundreds of supply ships off Oranjestad. When that war ended and mail and supplies were sent directly to the new United States, the economy of St. Eustatius changed dramatically. According to tradition, it was the first foreign port to salute (1776) the American flag. Tourism is the major industry today, and the island is a favorite destination for scuba diving aficionados and nature lovers. Territory: Highest point = Mt. Mazinga, 1,968 ft. (602m) St. Eustatius is hilly with a central flat plain. Sandy beaches are rare. Geographically, the island is saddle- shaped, with the 602 meter-high Mount Mazinga, colloquially called the Quill (a dormant volcano) to the southeast and the smaller pair Signal Hill/Little Mountain and Boven Mountain to the northwest. The bulk of the island's population lives in the "dip" between the two areas, which crosses the center of the island. The island is just 5 miles long and 2 miles wide; area: 21 sq. km. Location: It is in the northern, Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies, some distance southeast of the Virgin Islands. -
'Good Governance' in the Dutch Caribbean
Obstacles to ‘Good Governance’ in the Dutch Caribbean Colonial- and Postcolonial Development in Aruba and Sint Maarten Arxen A. Alders Master Thesis 2015 [email protected] Politics and Society in Historical Perspective Department of History Utrecht University University Supervisor: Dr. Auke Rijpma Internship (BZK/KR) Supervisor: Nol Hendriks Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 2 1. Background ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 From Colony to Autonomy ......................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Status Quaestionis .................................................................................................................... 11 Colonial history .............................................................................................................................. 12 Smallness ....................................................................................................................................... 16 2. Adapting Concepts to Context ................................................................................................. 19 2.1 Good Governance ..................................................................................................................... 19 Development in a Small Island Context ........................................................................................ -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 04:10:37AM Via Free Access 2 Pires, Strange and Mello Several Afro- and Indo-Guianese Populations
New West Indian Guide 92 (2018) 1–34 nwig brill.com/nwig The Bakru Speaks Money-Making Demons and Racial Stereotypes in Guyana and Suriname* Rogério Brittes W. Pires Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil [email protected] Stuart Earle Strange Yale-NUS College, Singapore [email protected] Marcelo Moura Mello Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil [email protected] Abstract Throughout the Guianas, people of all ethnicities fear one particular kind of demonic spirit. Called baccoo in Guyana, bakru in coastal Suriname, and bakulu or bakuu among Saamaka and Ndyuka Maroons in the interior, these demons offer personal wealth in exchange for human life. Based on multisited ethnography in Guyana and Suriname, this paper analyzes converging and diverging conceptions of the “same” spirit among * Most of the research for this article was carried out by the authors during fieldwork for their Ph.D. dissertation.The research was financed byThe National Science Foundation,The Social Science Research Council, The Wenner Gren Foundation, and the University of Michigan’s Department of Anthropology (Stuart Strange); by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Museu Nacional’s Graduate Program in Social Anthro- pology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ufrj) (Marcelo Mello and Rogério Pires); and by a CNPq postdoctoral scholarship in the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Rogério Pires). Previous versions of this article were presented twice in 2015 and once in 2017: in a seminar at Museu Nacional/ufrj, in a panel session at the American Anthropological Asso- ciation (aaa) meeting, and in a lecture at Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (ufjf). -
The Value of Nature in the Caribbean Netherlands
The Economics of Ecosystems The value of nature and Biodiversity in the Caribbean Netherlands in the Caribbean Netherlands 2 Total Economic Value in the Caribbean Netherlands The value of nature in the Caribbean Netherlands The Challenge Healthy ecosystems such as the forests on the hillsides of the Quill on St Eustatius and Saba’s Mt Scenery or the corals reefs of Bonaire are critical to the society of the Caribbean Netherlands. In the last decades, various local and global developments have resulted in serious threats to these fragile ecosystems, thereby jeopardizing the foundations of the islands’ economies. To make well-founded decisions that protect the natural environment on these beautiful tropical islands against the looming threats, it is crucial to understand how nature contributes to the economy and wellbeing in the Caribbean Netherlands. This study aims to determine the economic value and the societal importance of the main ecosystem services provided by the natural capital of Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba. The challenge of this project is to deliver insights that support decision-makers in the long-term management of the islands’ economies and natural environment. Overview Caribbean Netherlands The Caribbean Netherlands consist of three islands, Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba all located in the Caribbean Sea. Since 2010 each island is part of the Netherlands as a public entity. Bonaire is the largest island with 16,000 permanent residents, while only 4,000 people live in St Eustatius and approximately 2,000 in Saba. The total population of the Caribbean Netherlands is 22,000. All three islands are surrounded by living coral reefs and therefore attract many divers and snorkelers. -
DIANA PATON & MAARIT FORDE, Editors
diana paton & maarit forde, editors ObeahThe Politics of Caribbean and Religion and Healing Other Powers Obeah and Other Powers The Politics of Caribbean Religion and Healing diana paton & maarit forde, editors duke university press durham & london 2012 ∫ 2012 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper $ Designed by Katy Clove Typeset in Arno Pro by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Duke University Press gratefully acknowledges the support of Newcastle University, which provided funds toward the production of this book. Foreword erna brodber One afternoon when I was six and in standard 2, sitting quietly while the teacher, Mr. Grant, wrote our assignment on the blackboard, I heard a girl scream as if she were frightened. Mr. Grant must have heard it, too, for he turned as if to see whether that frightened scream had come from one of us, his charges. My classmates looked at me. Which wasn’t strange: I had a reputation for knowing the answer. They must have thought I would know about the scream. As it happened, all I could think about was how strange, just at the time when I needed it, the girl had screamed. I had been swimming through the clouds, unwillingly connected to a small party of adults who were purposefully going somewhere, a destination I sud- denly sensed meant danger for me. Naturally I didn’t want to go any further with them, but I didn’t know how to communicate this to adults and ones intent on doing me harm. -
Scholarship 2004–2005
SCHOLARSHIP 2004–2005 The 2004–2005 edition of the Duquesne University Scholarship bibliography was produced at the Gumberg Library, under the direction of Laverna Saunders, University Librarian. The bibliography was compiled by Matthew Boyer, Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Coordinator. Editorial assistance was provided by Leslie Lewis, Barbara Adams, and Allison Brungard. Duquesne University 600 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15282 http://www.duq.edu © 2006 CONTENTS Letter from the President....................................................................................................................v Publications...........................................................................................................................................1 McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts ........................................................3 Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences..........................................................16 School of Law..............................................................................................................................23 A. J. Palumbo School of Business Administration and John F. Donahue Graduate School of Business ......................................................................................................................25 Mylan School of Pharmacy........................................................................................................29 Mary Pappert School of Music..................................................................................................32 -
The Worlds of the Seventeenth-Century Hudson Valley
1 The Seventeenth-Century Empire of the Dutch Republic, c. 1590–1672 Jaap Jacobs he overseas expansion of the Dutch Republic, culminating in the “First Dutch Empire,” is a remarkable story of the quick rise to prominence of a small country in northwestern Europe. Much smaller Tin population than European rivals like Spain, England, and France, and without considerable natural resources, the Republic was able within a few decades to lay the foundation for a colonial empire of which remnants are still part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands nowadays. This First Dutch Empire, running roughly from the beginning of the seventeenth century until the early 1670s, was characterized by rapid expansion, both in the Atlantic area and in Asia. The phase that followed, the Second Dutch Empire, shows a divergence in development between the East and West. In the East, ter- ritorial expansion—often limited to trading posts, not settlement colonies— continued and trade volume increased, but in the Western theater the Dutch witnessed a contraction of territorial possessions, especially with the loss of New Netherland and Dutch Brazil. Even so, Dutch trade and shipping in the Atlantic was not solely dependent upon colonial footholds, not in the least because the Dutch began to participate in the Atlantic slave trade. This Second Dutch Empire ended in the Age of Democratic Revolutions, when upheavals in Europe and America brought an end to both the Dutch East and West India Companies and led to the loss of a number of colonies, such as South Africa, Sri Lanka, and Essequibo and Demerara on the Guyana coast. -
June - September 2015
c ss Issue 04 ... June - September 2015 Contents The Parliament's Maces 3 The Election Process 5 The Constituency Office & Representation: 8 o 'AbadiejO'Meara A New Chapter for the Red House 10 And National History Visits by Parliamentary Delegations from: 13 Bermuda, The United Kingdom 0-- Canada Our Region, Our Parliaments: 16 5t. Vincent and the Grenadines and Guyana School Outreach: Taking the Parliament to the nation's youths 19 Here's What's Showing on the Parliament Channel 22 We welcome your comments and suggestions Send CrossTalk feedback to [email protected] or Tel: 624-7275 ext. 2275 2 Issue 04· .. June - September 2015 ~ THE PARLIAMENT'S MACES By Lorraine Berahzer & Danielle Williams The Trinidad and Tobago Parliament is steeped in rich history that embeds almost During the 13005 to 14005 the every symbol, rule and procedure. Two beau mace gradually evolved by tiful pieces of that history take shape in the form of the Parliament Maces. being decorated and adorned Originally used as a weapon by a royal bodyguard to defend the King, the mace has with precious metals and be now become a symbol of the power the Mar came known as the civic mace. shal of the Parliament holds. It also symbolises the authority and privileges of the House. It is interesting to note that this metal staff, which is held over the right shoulder of the Marshal when he escorts the Presiding Officer in and out of the Chamber at the beginning and end of each sitting of the respective House, originated in the 13th century. -
Quaternary Stratigraphy of Suriname 561
559 QUATERNARYSTRATIGRAPHY OF SURINAME The0 E. WONGl Abstract In this paper the Quatemary sediments of the Coastal Plain of Suriname are highlighted since they were recently subjected to a stratigraphical revision. The Pleistocene Coropina Formation, constituting the Old Coastal Plain, has now formally been subdivided into the Para and Lelydorp Members. The sedimentary history of these units has been well-documented in the past, relating high sea levels to inter-glacials and regressions to glacials. In the light of modem Quaternary stratigraphical considerations and the results of recent Brazilian investigations, the hitherto assumed Late Pleistocene age for the entire Coropina Formation has become questionable. Traditionally, all Holocene sediments in the Young Coastal Plain were grouped into the Demerara Formation. It is now realized that the Demerara Formation comprises widely differing lithologies which should not be grouped in one formation. Moreover, the name Demerara Formation has been associated too closely with the geomorphological unit Young Coastal Plain and with its Holocene age. Therefore it has been proposed to abandon the name Demerara and to attribute the status of formation to two of its most distinct lithologies (Mara and Coronie). Within the Coronie Formation three morphostratigraphic units (Wanica, Moleson and Comowine) represent oscillations of the sea. Part of these oscillations seems to correlate with Brazilian events but additional researchis needed. Résumé Le Quaternaire du Surinam a fait récemment l’objet d’une révision stratigraphique.La Formation COROPINA (Pléistocène) - qui constitue le soubassement de la plaine côtière “ancienne”- est subdivisée en deux membres: PARA (faciès argileux,à la base) et LELYDORP (faciès sableux, au sommet), dont évolution a été interprétée comme liée à des oscillations du niveau marin. -
By Obianuju Ugwu-Oju CLINOTHEMS of the CRETACEOUS BERBICE
CLINOTHEMS OF THE CRETACEOUS BERBICE CANYON, OFFSHORE GUYANA by Obianuju Ugwu-Oju A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geology). Golden, Colorado Date ____________________________ Signed ____________________________ Obianuju Ugwu-Oju Signed ____________________________ Dr. Lesli Wood Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date ____________________________ Signed ____________________________ Dr. M. Stephen Enders Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT The Berbice Canyon of offshore Guyana evolved in the late Cretaceous in proximity to a margin that was separating from the African margin in response to the opening of the northern South Atlantic Ocean. The Berbice would be considered a shelf-incised canyon in the nomenclature of Harris and Whiteway, 2011. This study examines the nature of the canyon morphology, fill phases and fill architecture within the Berbice Canyon using ~7000 km2 of 3D seismic time and depth data, as well as chronostratigraphic data from Horseshoe-01 well drilled adjacent to the canyon fill. The Berbice displays composite canyon development with multiple phases of cut and fill. There are six primary incisional surfaces exhibiting a maximum width of 33km, a maximum relief of 1250 m and a composite maximum relief of 2650 m when decompaction is factored. The western side of the canyon system is primarily modified through destructional activities such as scalloping and side wall failures while the eastern side is primarily modified through constructional progradational activities. There are clinothems deposited within the canyon between incisional surfaces I3 and I4, primarily on the eastern side. -
A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 7 Issue 3 Papers from NWAV 29 Article 20 2001 A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos Peter Snow Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Snow, Peter (2001) "A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 7 : Iss. 3 , Article 20. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol7/iss3/20 A Discrete Co-Systems Approach to Language Variation on the Panamanian Island of Bastimentos 1 Peter Snow 1 Introduction In its ideal form, the phenomenon of the creole continuum as originally described by DeCamp (1971) and Bickerton (1973) may be understood as a result of the process of decreolization that occurs wherever a creole is in direct contact with its lexifier. This contact between creole languages and the languages that provide the majority of their lexicons leads to synchronic variation in the form of a continuum that reflects the unidirectional process of decreolization. The resulting continuum of varieties ranges from the "basilect" (most markedly creole), through intermediate "mesolectal" varie ties (less markedly creole), to the "acrolect" (least markedly creole or the lexifier language itself).