A History of Outerthwaite Farm v2

Phil Rowland - Mar 2019

Outerthwaite Farm (April 2018 Pat Rowland)

Outerthwaite Farm is located on the road between Allithwaite village and Flookburgh in the ancient parish of Cartmel, in the southern-most part of Cumbria. It is situated in a slightly elevated position on south facing slopes and now a little way from the northern coast of Morecambe Bay.

Fig. 1. OS Map of the area 1890 (1).

Now in the county of Cumbria, before 1974 the area was known as Lancashire north of the sands. To the south, between the farm and the coast, was marsh and common land named Bank Moor and Winder Moor, where animals will have been grazed prior to the nineteenth century, and parts of which were purchased or allocated to the farm at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Today the farm is predominantly grassland and meadow with beef cattle and occasional over-wintering sheep. The farm has in the past been part of the Holker Estate, and today is in private ownership (Table 1). The tenant farmers at Outerthwaite are listed in Table 2. Books, journal articles, census information and material from the Lancashire Archive at Preston have been used to prepare this article.

The origin of the name Outerthwaite (pronounces Ooterthwaite by locals) is considered to be Viking with thwaite meaning a clearing and outer on the edge (2). The names of the other farms on the peninsula south and west of the village of Allithwaite also appear to be of Viking origin i.e. Canon & Raven Winder, Wraysholme, Roughholme & Holme. Named Utterthwaite Hall the farm first appears on a survey map produced by Dr Keurden in 1685 (3). The next published map to show the farm is the 6” Ordnance Survey map surveyed in 1847-8 and published in 1851 (1).

Fig. 2. Dr Keurden’s map 1685 (Lancashire Archive DDX 194/45-51) - an annotated tracing.

Fig 3 The farmhouse today and the spice cupboard with inscription R S E and 1651 (Pat Rowland Feb 2019).

The earliest date for the farm is recorded on a spice cupboard, 1651 (Fig. 3). In 1651 the birth marriage and death records are sparse or non-existent and therefore it has not been possible to identify the family with the surname initial S. Three possible families are Sim(p)son, Seatle or Saul. The Spence(r) family lived in the vicinity although their location is more likely to be where Allithwaite Lodge is now located (4).

Early History of the Owners of Outerthwaite

After the Norman conquest Henry 2nd gave the territory to William Marshall who gave it to the canons of Cartmel Priory. After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1536 the land was annexed to the Duchy of Lancaster and the commons were restored to the canons. The land on which Outerthwaite stands appears to have been purchased by George Preston of Holker. The farms of Outerthwaite, Canon Winder, Boarbank, Epland and Mireside passed from Christopher Preston (d 1594) to his wife Ann (5). She left the Outerthwaite Estate to her grandson Richard Westby who was the son of Ann’s daughter Elizabeth’s 3rd marriage to Thomas Westby (d 1643). Ann also bequeathed to Jon Diconson & his sons the lands and tenements called Borebanks, Epland & the Meadow. Jon, described as a gentleman, was residing at Outerthwaite between 1612 and 1627 (Table 3). When Richard Westby died in the 1660’s Outerthwaite passed to his wife Jennet and their daughter Elizabeth (d 1691) who married Thomas Walton (d 1683). Their son Thomas married Anne Leyburn in 1705. Huddleston recounts that Thomas Walton joined in the Jacobite rising of 1715 but he was captured and found guilty of high treason on 26 June 1716 and his estate was forfeited. The estate was sold to Croft Corles, a cheesemaker from London, for £651. Outerthwaite was let to Thomas Leece for £52/y (5).

Outerthwaite in the 18th Century

Agriculture in the area in the 18th century was regarded as being very backward (6). Stockdale also gave a bleak picture of husbandry near the end of 18C (7). In 1731 (Fig. 3) the farm extended westwards from the causeway, and down to Wraysholme to the south of the Allithwaite to Flookburgh Road, and from Locker Lane to the North up to Boarbank. The plan also shows a building on the road which is still standing but now derelict (Fig. 4). It is unclear whether this property was a cottage or barn at this time. The field names in the 1731 (Fig. 4) plan show some of the agricultural use at that time. Meadows provided feed for the sheep in winter and oats, barley and corn would have been grown to provide staple food on the corn thwaite (field 21). Cawsey Close (plot 3b) is adjacent to the causeway leading to Wraysholme and Wyke. Towards the end of the century potatoes may have been introduced.

Field Names associated with the 1731 Plan 2. Epp Lands; 3a. Little Height Field; 3b. Cawsey Close; 4. Good Wife Meadow; 10b. High Four Acre; 10a. Low Four Acre; 11. Long Meadow; 16. Buildings, Garden & Orchard; 17. White Head Meadow; 21. Corn Thwaites; 9. Tenter Close; 27. Great Burbank; 30. Middle Burbank; 31. Little Burbank; 29. High Burbank;

32. Crow Close.

Fig. 4. Plan 1731 showing farm buildings and Barn or Cottage (Ref DCCA from the Lancashire Archive)

Fig. 5. Barn (today derelict - shown on 1731 farm plan). Pat Rowland April 2018.

The barn on the Flookburgh Road, described by the present owner John Moore as a 2- storey building with a shippon below and a barn above, burned down in 1958 and has since remained derelict (Fig. 5).

The farm was advertised for sale in 1732 and the advert stated that sheep and cattle were bred and grazed on the extensive marshland to the south of the farm (8). It is at this sale that Bryan Jopson may have purchased the farms of Mireside and Outerthwaite. At this time the cattle will probably have been longhorns and the sheep herdwick or silverdale breeds (9). However, sheep were a prominent element in local farming and their wool if not of high quality was valued for its warmth and great durability (2). Sheep were wintered in a fold and fed on hay, straw and peashaulm. Cattle, fattened on the commons, were killed at Michaelmas for winter consumption (10). Flax or hemp will have been grown (field 2 – Fig. 4, Fig.6) possibly from the 15th century until the early 19th century. This would have been woven into cloth which would have been stretched and dried, after processing, on frames erected on the tenter close (field 9 – Fig. 4, Fig. 7).

. Fig. 6. Field named Hemplands, Pat Rowland April 2008.

Fig. 7. Field named Tenter Close (today known as Webster Field) Pat Rowland April 2018.

Commons and Enclosure Act

During the 18th century the 24 sidesmen of the Cartmel Parish managed the occupation of the commons which included Winder Moor and Bank Moor immediately to the south of Outerthwaite Farm, and they met on a regular basis to receive reports. Stockdale (7) quotes extracts from some of the meetings which were recorded in the Old Church Book. For example, in 1776 the fines raised from Winder Moor were used to clean out drains and in 1788 workmen were appointed to pull down an illegal fence and level a ditch on Winder Moor.

Stockdale (7) records that ‘In 1796, an Act of Parliament was obtained “for improving dividing and enclosing the commons, waste grounds and mosses in the Parish of Cartmel. The act covered 8000 acres and the cost of the Bill & expenses were covered by the landowners: Lord Frederick Cavendish, Thomas H Machell, James Stockdale, Langdale Sunderland, George Bigland & Jeremiah Dixon.’

The Enclosure Act involved the conversion of bare waste land into numerous well- fenced enclosures, allotted by the Commissioners. Roads were made to access the new fields and sea embankments constructed on the shores of the Bay for the protection of Bank Moor, Wyke and Winder Moor. Enclosures was not beneficial to neither the smallholders who until then had had rights on the common land nor new properties (defined as less than 20 years old) who did not receive any allocation. The allocations from the commissioners were based on the size of original properties. Those who had made an encroachment for 20 years or more and had paid a rent to the 24 sidesmen of the Parish, were granted the title but they did not receive any further allocation of common land (7). At that time, Stockdale records that Bank and Winder Moors were covered twice every 24 hours at Spring tides by the sea leaving stagnant water on the marsh and the associated problem of ague. The first embankment was commissioned

in 1797. The construction of the road to Holywell and Humphrey Head, and the road west from Wyke past Holm and over Winder Moor was commissioned, with all the bridges, sluices drains and fences. A further embankment constructed in 1807 was preceeded by the following announcement: In the course of next summer an embankment upon Winder Moor will be erected 7 to 11 feet in height and about 2.75 miles in length. A letting will take place in the coming spring. Any person desirous of undertaking the whole or any part may apply to James Stockdale of Cark or Richard Tower of Ulverston (11).

Peter & Thomas Butler: Tenant Farmers at Outerthwaite (1782-1824)

The Jopson family appear to have owned both the farms at Mireside and Outerthwaite from 1732 until Outerthwaite was sold off in 1798. Peter Butler and his wife Ann were the tenants at Mireside in 1761 when their eldest son John was baptised (12) and were still there in December 1778 when their son Matthew Butler was baptised (see Fig. 8 for family tree) and 11 July1779 when daughter Nancy was buried. Between 1779 and 1782 Peter Butler and his family moved to Outerthwaite, as in 1782 John, Peter’s eldest son, was required to obey court orders, his address being Outerthwaite (LANCAT QSB 1/1782/Oct//Pt1/3). When Mary Butler married Patrick Moore in 1785, she was living at Outerthwaite. Thomas, another son, is mentioned as a corn dealer, at Outerthwaite, in 1795 (LANCAT QSP/2363/11). Peter died at Outerthwaite on the 1st Aug 1799 leaving a will prepared in the last few days of his life.

Fig. 8. Peter Butler’s Family Tree: Compiled from his will and Parish Online Clerk

Although Peter did not own Outerthwaite, he had a significant estate including properties in Cark and Flookburgh (including the smithy), and he had recently purchased land in Allithwaite, Newton Fell and on Winder Moor (the latter being 10 acres – Annual Value 321s) (7).

His second son Thomas inherited his 6 horses and carts and continued as the tenant farmer after Peter’s death. The Lancaster Gazette (13) records that “sometime since, 4 hens strayed from Mr. Thomas Butler’s (Outerthwaite Hall, Cartmel) and were given up for lost. But on Monday 28th inst. the vagrants returned to their old quarters and brought with them 65 fine young chickens”. Miss Butler of Outerthwaite married Edward Satterthwaite in 1804 (14) and Thomas Butler was described as a Carrier from Outerthwaite in 1805 (15). Thomas continued to farm at Outerthwaite until sometime after July 1823 when Margaret was born, and no later than the end of 1825. Thomas Butler appears to have moved to Canon Winder by 1829 (16).

Richard Winfield – Owner of Allithwaite Farm (1798-1820)

Richard was born in York in 1741, the son of Richard who was a baker and a freeman of York. In 1765 he married Mary Corbett at Selby and they had a daughter, Beatrix, before they settled in Kendal where Richard became a wealthy industrialist making linsey-wolsey cloth. Beatrix married Josias Lambert in January 1787 and had one daughter, Mary. The Lamberts were wealthy lawyers living at Wattsfield, outside of Kendal, which was then in open countryside. Beatrix died when Mary was six and Mary appears to have lived with her grandparents Winfield (Pat Rowland – pers comm.). In 1799 Richard purchased Outerthwaite Farm which was described in an advertisement as containing a good farmhouse, two barns, 2 cow-houses, 2 stables (8 stalls), turfhouse, orchard, garden, 121 acres of excellent arable and meadowland, 1-acre coppice wood upon an eminence of conic form. Watered by many excellent springs - the fences are in good order. Part of the estate pays modus in lieu of tithes, but when the inclosure of the commons is perfected according to act of parliament obtained for that purpose above 2 years hence and (exclusive of government and parochial taxes) only subject to the payment of 3s 1d fee farm rent at the feast of St Michael to Rt Hon Lord Frederick Cavendish. It adjoins commons of Winder Moor & Templand Bank will be intitled to such a portion of the common as may be allotted to it under the laid act of parliament (17). The seller appears to be John Jopson, who also owned the farm at Mireside at that time (See Fig. 10). Many Kendal industrialists, at this time, were buying land on the Peninsula.

In 1801 he bought another 48 acres in the area when Cartmel common land was enclosed, totalling £1199, which made him the 6th largest purchaser (in money terms) of Cartmel common land. John and Jacob Wakefield were the biggest purchasers and they were also linked to Kendal. These brothers were sons of the Wakefield family who

had established a bank in Kendal in 1788 and they resided in Field Broughton. At the time of the enclosures, Richard also acquired two plots of moss lands at Ellerside (7). Richard died on 27 November 1820 aged 79 and was buried at Holy Trinity Church, Kendal. His wife Mary had predeceased him on 12 August 1806. His estate was left to his only daughter Harriot and his granddaughter Mary Winfield Lambert. Harriot inherited his Soutergate, Kendal, Cartmel and Crook of Lune properties. Mary inherited the remaining Westmorland land and buildings. The estate was valued at about £10000 when the will was proved on 22 January 1821. Soon after this Mary and Harriot went to live in Allithwaite. There is only a little information available in the period of Harriet Winfield’s stewardship. Harriet married Thomas Carter, a priest from Ireland. However, they appear to have separated soon after the wedding but fortunately a pre-nuptial agreement assigning her estate into a trust and preserved the Winfield inheritance (18). There is a record of John Curwen at Outerthwaite in 1823, as he was recognised as the father of a child of Mary Brockbank (Lancashire Archive Date 10 May 1823). John Harrison, a local landowner, was the farmer in 1829 (16). He farmed at Outerthwaite with his wife Jane from the beginning of 1826 until after March 1833. In this period, they raised their children Thomas (bap. 1/1/26), James (bap. 6/5/27), Agnes (bap. 19/7/29), Eleanor (bap. 21/2/31) and Isabella (bap 16/3/33) (19).

Mary Lambert - Owner of Outerthwaite Farm (1835-1857)

Mary Lambert inherited all Harriot’s estates on her death in 1835 (buried 11 Dec 1835), including Outerthwaite and Laneside Farms and the Abbott Hall estate. At this time, she lived in Allithwaite Lodge. She re-modelled the property at Boarbank and moved there in 1837 where she overlooked her farm at Outerthwaite (Pat Rowland). Whereas agriculture in the 18th century was regarded as backward, the period of transformation was between the end of the Napoleonic wars in 1815 and 1850 (20). 1836 saw Shorthorn cattle and Leicester sheep introduced into Cumberland and Westmorland, and by 1840 guano (bird droppings from Chile) was largely replacing the old 120- gallon street casks collecting human urine to spray onto fields. About the same time, the production on a large scale of field-tile-drains from kilns across the area produced improvement in land drainage (21). From 1838 too came many improved varieties of clover and grass seeds as well as thousands of gross of quickset thorn hedge seedlings demanded due to widespread Enclosure Acts from the 1820s. About this time too, a 50- year old practice in Low Furness of sowing turnips as field crops to fatten sheep (6) was taken up producing a spectacular upsurge of the sheep population. The inhabitants of the farms from 1841 to 1911 are presented in Table 4.

Mary inherited Outerthwaite at the time when Agricultural Societies were being formed (22). These societies encouraged improvement of farming skills. Edward Inman from Outerthwaite won prizes at Aldingham (22) for his ploughing skills. The Cartmel Ploughing Match held at Outerthwaite attracted participants from Low Furness and the northern part of Lancashire. Miss Lambert’s good cheer, old English characteristics of kindness and hospitality were notable. 20 acres of grass field ploughed. The judges and competitors partook of dinner at the Kings Arms Flookburgh and afterwards prizes

were awarded, given by the Cartmel Agricultural Society. 1st Prize James Wilson ploughman to Miss Lambert Outerthwaite (23). He also won 1st prize at the Furness match at Aldingham in 1843 and William Boak from the farm came 3rd in the boy’s competition (24). A later report of the Annual Ploughing Match at Outerthwaite, under the able superintendence of Mr Wilcox showed Edward Wilkinson of Outerthwaite as the winner of the men’s competition and he was presented with a Silver Cup & £9 15s (25).

The North Lancs. Agriculture Society was formed in the 1840’s and they reported that turnips sown with guano are a very good and superior crop and turnips were consumed by sheep on the ground. Farmers were also presented awards for potatoes and draining land (26).

Fig. 9. 1858 Farm Buildings and Barn

The 1841 Census records 5 agricultural labourers and 2 farm servants residing at the farm with no-one listed as the farmer. Similarly, in 1851, the census records 4 agricultural labourers and one house servant and no farmer. The servant Elizabeth Hutton (married in 1834) was listed as widowed, aged 36. Her husband John (a husbandman in 1847) had died in 1849 aged 61, and left her with a family of 6 children ranging from 2 to 15 years old who were lodgers at the farm. John Hutton (age 31- John’s son from an earlier marriage) was noted as a Husbandman at Outerthwaite when he married Isabella Kellet in July 1847. Elizabeth was probably the sister or niece of Robert Wilcock who managed Mary Lambert’s Estate.

There was an extensive fire at Outerthwaite in October 1850 destroying a barn (see Figs. 9 & 10), crops and a threshing machine. The fire was rumored to have started by a servant who was smoking. See below for the extracts from newspaper reports:

On Tuesday last, about noon, a large barn at Outerthwaite was discovered to be on fire. It belongs to Miss Lambert, a wealthy lady. The destruction of agricultural produce was considerable, there being no less than 250 carts of fine meadow haying one end of the barn & a quantity of oats in the other, with 50 loads of dressed oats in the granary which was made from part of the barn. Destruction, including a valuable threshing machine, was nearly complete estimated at upwards of £3000 (27).

…dense smoke issuing from the barn. No time to save even empty carts on the barn floor. The roof fell down 0.5h after the doors were opened. 50 loads of dressed oats. 12 large stacks (7-8 yds from barn wall) escaped as well as the farm building - a substantial and comodious building recently erected. A quantity of seed grass hay in the stable loft was saved by sawing through the beams that joined it with the barn. No clues on the origin of fire. A man belonging to the establishment had been on the corn mow between 8 & 9 am before the fire broke out. Miss Lambert is highly esteemed as a kind & benevolent lady, and has yearly, under the judicious management of her steward Mr Wilcock, has laid out large sums in the improvement of extensive property and farm buildings (28).

…..no clues found to indicate the cause of fire…. The general belief is that it originated through culpable carelessness in the indulgence of a highly reprehensible practice too common amongst farm servants – smoking (29).

Fig. 10. The barn probably re-built in the 1850’s following a fire (Pat Rowland 20 Feb 2019)

Today, John Moore has three modern barns opposite the farmhouse and no-longer uses the 1850’s barn which is now derelict (Fig. 10)

We learn from newspaper reports of farm activity: Miss Lambert employed 60 reapers to harvest the grain in 1853 (Fig. 11) (30) and turkeys were reared on a local farm, probably Outerthwaite in November 1853 (Fig. 12) (31).

Fig. 11. A quality grain harvest.

Fig. 12. Theft of turkeys from a farm (Outerthwaite?)

As Mary Lambert and her agent Robert Wilcock aged, there was an advert for the ‘letting for 14y Outerthwaite Farm, dwelling house, orchard, extensive farm buildings & 194 acres of good arable, meadow and pasture land, well roaded, watered & fenced. ca 50 acres of seeds on the estate which the tenant will be required to take at valuation. At Kents Bank Hotel 26 Sept 1854’ (32).

Robert Wilcock died on 31 July 1857 at Boarbank (33) a couple of months before Miss Lambert (4). Mary established a Trust in 1851 for a plot of land at Little Templand to be used for establishing a Church and School. The family disputed the validity of this and the case eventually was heard by the Law Lords. In the testimony we learn a little about life at Boarbank and about Robert Wilcock. Robert was described as Mary’s confidential adviser and the general manager of her affairs. He occupied two farms and a hotel belonging to Miss Lambert and resided at Boarbank Hall. It was stated in Reverend Brierley affidavit that Miss Lambert left the management of the estate to Robert who gave all orders and directions regarding her farm. Reverend Brierley stated that Miss Lambert had complained frequently in the 3 or 4 years before her death about Robert not settling accounts between him and her. He was always making excuses to avoid settlement. However, he had been 20 years in her service and in her Aunt’s service before that and though she was dissatisfied with his conduct she would not dismiss him. On his death it was discovered that the estate accounts were in a confused state and his affairs were in a state of great embarrassment. He died very largely indebted to Miss Lambert but as there was no hope of recovering anything from his estate all claims were abandoned. Robert’s nephew Thomas Ball described the agricultural use of Little Templand Field. Hay grown there was taken to Boarbank House and was consumed by Mary’s horses. Grain grown there was chopped for her carriage horses. Sheep and horses were grazed there but the field was unsuitable for cattle as there was no water supply. Edward Wilkinson, now a farmer of Rusland, had been bailiff to Robert Wilcock from 1854 and he lived in Outerthwaite farmhouse until 1858. He said that horses, sheep and cattle were kept on the farms.

Robert died just before the opening of the Ulverstone to Lancaster railway on 26 August 1857. The line, which bisected the farm at the south west corner, completed the link with the Furness railway to provide a direct route to South Staffordshire (Wikipaedia). This great improvement in communications provided much easier access to sell produce at the markets in Ulverston and Lancaster, avoiding the treacherous cross- sands route.

The farm was advertised: ‘Farms to be let for 14 years. Details of property plus right of getting peat upon Ellerside Moss’ Westmorland Gazette 19 Sept 1857 and taken by William Robinson. The lease of the Outerthwaite Estate for 14 years from Rev James Brierley (one of the Estate executors) to William Robinson dated 1859 is in the Lancashire archive (DDCA/ACC12005/Box26/186). Willian Robinson was at Outerthwaite until around 1871.

On Mary Lambert’s death on 29 Nov 1857, she left the land and money to build the church, vicarage, school and school house at Allithwaite (Miss Lambert’s biography see (34)).The estate was offered for sale by auction on 23 August 1858: - lot 1 Boarbank House; Lot 2 Outerthwaite Farm 132 acres now in the occupation of William Robinson & other lots. The sales particulars (Fig. 13), title deeds and detailed plans are held in the Lancashire Archive in Preston (DDCA/ACC12005/Box27/194A to D) and a plan of the estate, field names and owners of adjacent lands are shown in Fig. 14. The auction of Miss Lambert’s Estate realized upwards of £30000 (35). Boarbank together with 76 acres was bought by Robert Legge for £4250, and then shortly after purchased by Henry Chandler, the agricultural implement / machinery manufacturer from Salford around 1863. Lot 2 was purchased by Holker for £10500. The conveyance of the farm to

William, Duke of Devonshire dated 06 November 1857 and the conveyance of Boarbank to Legge are held in the Lancashire Archive at Preston (DDCA/ACC12005/BOX27/194C).

Fig. 13. Sales particulars from Miss Lambert’s Estate in 1858

Fig.14. Plan of Outerthwaite Farm 1858 (yellow, green and red) annotated onto a tracing of the 1850 OS map. Enclosures allocated at the turn of the 19th century to Richard Winfield are coloured in green. Enclosure sold to Richard Winfield are shown in red.

Plan of field names acreage in brackets. From auction details 23 August 1858.

1. House, farm buildings, yard & lane (1) 2. Eplands otherwise hemp lands (15) 3. High field (8) 4. Goody Wife Meadow (3) 5. Stubbings Meadow (6) 6. Moor Lane Meadow (2) 7. New Meadow (3) 8. The Acre (1) 9. Tenter Close or House Field (8) – Today called Webster Field 10.Near Wraysholme Field (21) 11.Far Wraysholme Field (5) 12.Part of Red Hill Holme (2) 13.Plantation 14.Part of Red Hill Holme (2) 15.Part of Red Hill Holme (4) 16.Orchard & adjoining plantation (2) 17.White meadow (6) 18.Part of Middle Holme (1) 19.Part of Middle Holme (2) 20.Far Middle Holme (7) 21.Cornthwaite (12)

22.Near Holme (2) 23.Far Holme (5) 24.West Holme (5) 25.Part of Carlow Meadow 26.Part of Carlow Meadow Total 132 Acres

Also Ellerside Moss and Turbury Ground (peat mosses)

Fields north of the Allithwaite to Flookburgh road: 27.Near Boarbank or Six acres (9) 28. Bull Copy (4) 29 Wood Boarbank (24) 30. Barn Buildings & Yard 31. Little Boarbank (4)

NB These were offered for sale as a separate lot with Boarbank House (see auction details - there are more entries on this)

Owners of Adjacent Land A. John Borrowdale B. John Hall C. Ralph Hitchinson D. Late W Arden E. R Hitchinson F. J Harrison Esq G. J Stockdale esq H. Captain Bigland’s heirs J. John Helm K. J Harrison esq L. J Stockdale esq M. J Stockdale esq N. Mr Field P. George Rigg .

Robinsons of Outerthwaite Farm from 1857-1872

The Robinsons appear to have taken up the tenancy at Outerthwaite in 1857 after previously farming at Old Wennington (36). The 1861 census shows William as the farmer (age 51) living with his wife Marey (age 49) and their 7 children Joseph (age 17), Robert (age 10), George ((age 6), Fanny (age 19), Marey (age 14), Margaret Ann (age 12) and Alice (age 3). Subsequently Marey was spelt as Mary. William employed 4 agricultural labourers and 1 domestic servant to help on the farm.

Joseph Robinson won the ploughing 1st prize boys and £1 with his father in 1860 (37). Fanny married the Cark miller John Walker in October 1862 (38). William’s daughter Mary died at the early age of 16 in 1863 (39). The following year T Sanderson of Outerthwaite was reported to be a judge at the Milburn Tup Fair & Show in 1863 (40). In 1865, the newspaper announced that William had lost his Yellow Cur Bitch (a mongrel?) and offered a reward for its return (41).

In 1871 William and Mary (named as a domestic servant) farmed at Outerthwaite with Robert (agricultural labourer) and Alice (domestic servant). They employed 4 other

agricultural labourers and one domestic servant. William died in 1872 (42) and shortly after Robert married Alice Preston and the article states that they remained at Outerthwaite before moving on to Ingleton in 1877/8 (36). William’s wife Mary died at the age of 69 in 1881 (43).

William Mason - farmer at Outerthwaite 1872-1906

The first mention of William Mason (b1844) at Outerthwaite was in 1872 when he married Eleanor Parker. In 1881 he lived there with Eleanor and employed 2 farm servants (indoor), a domestic servant and a dairymaid. Ten years later there were 4 farm servants at Outerthwaite and 2 domestic servants. The occupations in the 1901 census are more descriptive: a cowman, a carter, an agricultural labourer and one domestic servant were employed.

William soon established himself as a renowned breeder of horses winning first prize at the Lancaster Agricultural Show for his hunting mare or gelding (44). He won a silver cup at the Lancaster show 3 years later, value 10 guineas, given by members of the Lancaster Town Council, for the best 3 horses, the property of the exhibitor who is also the breeder, in classes 30, 32, 36, 47, 48 or 49 - brood mares for breading hunters, roadsters, hunters or young horses likely 6 male hunters (45). William won prizes at the Garstang Shows for jumping (46) and light horses and turnouts (47). He also travelled to the Manchester & Liverpool Agricultural Show (48). He exhibited at shows locally and as far south as Manchester, and 16 instances of awards for his prize horses were reported in periodicals.

William Mason owned the best breeds of animals at the time with Leicester Sheep and Short horned cattle. At the fifth Cartmel Agricultural Show in 1877, it was noted that Leicester (sheep) were shown in capital breed condition and one of the two chief prize- takers was Mr W Mason (49) where he also won 3rd prize for a heifer and two first prizes for his geldings. William owned the bull named Baron Windsor 4th bred from the renowned Holker Shorthorn herd (50). William won prizes at 6 shows for his cattle and 3 for sheep.

He was recognised as a master farmer when he appeared as a stock judge at the Millom & Broughton Show (51), for Shorthorn & Cross-bred cattle and sheep (52) and at the Royal North Lancashire Show in Manchester in 1903 (53).

William Mason was training his own horses in 1878 as a report of a trap accident demonstrates (54). “While Mr William Mason of Outerthwaite & Mr C Wilson, horse breaker, were exercising a young horse and when a little beyond the Institute it from some cause or other became unmanageable. Mr Mason at once leaped out to seize the animal’s head, but Wilson was less fortunate, he being thrown out, and his head coming into contact with some stones was severely cut and rendered him unconscious for some time. Dr Lomax was immediately on the scene to dress the wounds and he was conveyed home where he is progressing satisfactorily. Though the trap was considerably damaged, the horse received little or no injury”.

Outerthwaite was the venue of a hunt meeting in 1890 – “on Monday last the throw off was at Outerthwaite Cark, when Mrs Mason dispensed her hospitality with no niggard hand. The Furness contingent was strong and the mounts numbering 27 did credit in North Lonsdale….. the Colonel & Chapman the huntsman worked the dogs splendidly” (55).

According to the Holker Estate account book of 1896 (Table 5) the annual rental value for the 161 acre farm amounted to the grand sum of £226 7s 2d. The field names are the same as shown on the 1731 (Fig. 4) and 1858 plan (Figs 14) and the plans numbered on the map associated with the account book held at the Lancashire Archive in Preston (ref DDCA/ACC12005/Box20/152). The accounts show that the farmland was 53% pasture, 8% meadow and 36% arable (Table 6). See also the 1897 map. In the 21st century there is little arable farming on the Peninsula.

Fig. 15. Photograph by Arthur Lamb in the first decade of the 20th century (courtesy of Mrs Lamb of Killington)

At the southern side of the farm, the reclaimed land is flat and will have been ideal for arable farming. Ploughing at the beginning of the 20th century will have been with a pair of horses yoked together and pulling a simple metal plough and driven by the farmer. Fig. 15 shows a local picture of ploughing with Kirkhead (and tower in the background, possibly on the field of East Plain farm just to the south of Outerthwaite.

On retirement, the stock from the farm was sold, reported as follows (56):” An important sale of farming stock etc took place at Outerthwaite Farm, Cark on Tuesday afternoon when Messrs M B Hodgson & Son put into the market the livestock, implements etc. belonging to Mr W Mason. Mr Mason is retiring from the farm after a tenancy of 34 years, and is succeeded by Mr Scott of Bridgefield, Colton. There was a large attendance, and an excellent sale was the result.” The sale of livestock numbering 68 cattle and 3 bulls realized £762 and 4 horses £144 (see Table 7 for the full details).

Clearly at this time the main use of the farm is for cattle with some arable farming to feed the family and generate a little extra income. The question remains were there any sheep on the farm as there is no report on their sale in the newspapers?

Farming at Outerthwaite from 1906

In comparison to the 19th century, there are relatively few newspaper reports from on- line searches at present. At this time the land agent for the Holker Estate including Outerthwaite was Edward Drewry, the son of the previous agent George.

The Scott family, Jane and her son James, moved to Outerthwaite Farm in 1906 from Bridgefield Farm, Colton, approximately one year after Jane’s husband Samuel had died. Mr A Scott, presumed to be Aaron and Jane’s brother-in-law who farmed at Seatle, purchased a roan heifer, and roan cow from the sale of stock in April 1906 (56). NB: Roan is a coat colour found in many animals with an even mixture of white and pigmented hairs that do not fade out as the animal ages. Breeds of cattle known for roans are the Belgian Blue and Shorthorn (57). Jane’s brother-in-law died in early 1907 and she and her sons James and Samuel attended the funeral at Field Broughton (58). Later in 1907, the leader of a 33 strong choir from Burnley was accommodated at Mrs Scott’s Outerthwaite Farm (59). At the Cartmel Agricultural Society Annual Show in 1909, T & A Scott of Outerthwaite were presented with the Challenge Plate for the best male (cattle) (60).

The 1911 census shows Jane as the farmer, and James the farmers son and James’s wife Margaret. They employed a horseman, a cowman a farm servant and a domestic servant. The next tenant farmer of Outerthwaite was Robert Moore. At present there is insufficient information to date the change-over. James was at Outerthwaite in 1916 and Robert there in 1923 (Grange Red Book), Perhaps the sale of furniture suggests a date of May 1917 (61).

James Scott rented the house and some of the barns at Flookburgh Farm for a short period in 1918. This was a sub-let of the Holker-owned farm from Robert Moore, who had run the Flookburgh Farm as part of the West Plain Farm, together with Thomas Moore (62). In 1911, Thomas Moore (age 59) and Robert Moore (age 38) jointly ran the farm at West Plain. Robert lived there with his wife Mary (age 38) and 7 children. Robert purchased Outerthwaite in 1923 and also continued as the farmer at West Plain (article in 1925) (63). Robert and Mary were the registered occupiers of Outerthwaite at the start of World War 2, together with 3 of their sons who helped with the sheep, cows and horses (Table 8). Fields (478, 532, 534, 539, 540) at the south of Outerthwaite were sold on 31/12/24 - assumed to be 1924) (Figs 17a & 17b). This land was originally purchased by Richard Winfield at the beginning of the 19th century at the time of the enclosures (See Fig. 16 of 1858 plan).

Edward Drewry continued as the land agent for Holker for 20 years until his death in 1925, at which time Robert Moore attended his funeral (64). Edward’s successor was Mr Lawrence.

Three reports of the agriculture have been found to date from an online search of the

newspapers: 1. N Lonsdale Show Best general livestock: R Moore Outerthwaite (65). 2. Crops of turnips or mangel-wurzel or both, thoroughly cleansed from weed & duly thinned. 1st prize R Moore Outerthwaite Allithwaite. 1st best general stock cattle on farm of not less than 40 acres, 70% of cattle to have been bred by exhibitor (66). 3. A Start was made this week with harvesting on Messrs. R Moore & Sons Outerthwaite. The picture (very poor quality) shows the golden corn being reaped and stacked (67).

Today the farmer is John Moore, shown below in a photograph from the Hardman Collection (Fig. 16a held by the Museum of Lakeland Life in Kendal) taken between the 1930s and 1960s. In addition, there is another superb image of the sheaves gathered in the fields (Fig. 16b).

Fig. 16a– Photo of the Moore family at Outerthwaite. From Left to right: Robert Moore - owner, John Moore junior - currently farms Outerthwaite, Nelson Moore, Behind is John Moore senior, The three dogs are Mick, Laddy & Meg.

. Fig. 16b. The harvest safely gathered

The Moore family have farmed at Outerthwaite in Lower Allithwaite for approximately 100 years, since Robert purchased the farm from Holker Estates some-time around 1923. Before then the family have farmed in the Allithwaite Flookburgh area since the end of the 18th century, and lived at Yew Tree Farm, Blenkett Farm, Mireside, the Farmer’s Arms and West Plain, before settling at Outerthwaite. The links with Outerthwaite begin in 1785, when Mary Butler, the daughter of the tenant farmer Peter Butler, married Patrick Moore, and they settle down in Allithwaite. The next two generations show 2 Johns, and then Robert and two further Johns, the latter one, 5th generation, being the current farmer. The field named as Tenter Close in 1858 is known today by John as Webster Field. Outerthwaite today concentrates on beef cattle since dairy farming ceased in 2014. There are also some wintering sheep to keep the grass short.

Conclusion

There may well have been farming at Outerthwaite since the Viking times and when the Danes came over from Ireland. The earliest research traced back is to the Prestons of Holker who acquired the land after the dissolution of the monasteries. The decendants of the Prestons appear to have lost the land at the time of the Jacobite rebellion in 1715 and it passed through several hands until Holker purchased it again in 1858. In the 20th century the Moore family purchased it and have farmed there for the past century. In early days the farm will have been a mixture of arable, meadow and pasture, and primarily cultivating to support the little community living there. Indeed, the records show many inhabitants in the 17th century. Flax and hemp were grown for clothing, ropes and sacks, grain for bread, and a few animals kept during the summer. In the 19th century, as cultivation techniques improved, better animal breeds were introduced, the building of the railway, and there was a move to mechanization, farming at Outerthwaite changed rapidly towards sheep and cattle requiring less manpower. The village of Allithwaite as it is today has benefitted from the proceeds of the sale of the farm in 1858, through Mary Lambert’s legacy to build the Church and School which still thrive to this day.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to John Moore for sharing his memories of Outerthwaite and for allowing us to photograph his farmhouse and to Pat Rowland for the information on Richard Winfield and Mary Lambert.

References

1. map, Ordnance Survey six-inch. Map images. National Library of Scotland. [Online] [Cited: 6 12 2018.] maps/nls/uk/view/102343751. 2. Dickinson, JC. The Land of Cartmel - a history. Kendal : Titus Wilson, 1980. 3. The Landscape and People of the Cartmel Peninsula in 1685: the Keurden/Townley maps. Shannon, William D. 201-222, s.l. : Tansactions C &WAAS, Vols. CW3, 18. 4. Rowland, Pat. Personal Communication. 5. Canon Winder Hall and its Owners. Huddleston, C Roy. 16, s.l. : Trans CWAAS, 1987, Vol. 87. 6. Bouch, CML & Jones, GP. The Lakes Counties 1500-1830. 7. Stockdale, James. Annals of Cartmel. Ulverston : William Kitchen, 1872. 8. Newcastle Courant . 29 July 1732. 9. Some factors in the Development of Cumbrian Agriculture, especially during the 19th century. Bainbridge, TH. s.l. : CWAAS, 1944, Vols. 44, 81-92. 10. Agriculture in Cumberland in Ancient times. Grainger, Francis. s.l. : CWAAS , 1909, Vols. 9, 120-146. 11. Lancaster Gazette. 29 Nov 1806. 12. Cartmel. Lancashire Online Parish Clerk. [Online] [Cited: 7 12 2018.] www.lan-opc.org.uk/Cartmel/priory/index.html. 13. Lancaster Gazette . 10 July 1802. 14. Lancaster Gazette . 26 May 1804. 15. Lancaster Gazette . 13 Apr 1805. 16. White, William and Parson, William. A History, directory & Gazetteer of Cumberland & Westmorland with furness & Cartmel. 1829. 17. Manchester Mercury . 23 Oct 1798. 18. Mary Winfield Lambet by Pat Rowland. Cartmel Peninsula Local history Society. [Online] [Cited: 7 12 2018.] https://cplhs.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/mary-winfield-lambert.pdf. 19. Online Parish Clerks for the County of Lancashire. [Online] https://www.lan- opc.org.uk. 20. Mutch, Alistair. Rural Life in SW Lancashire 1840-1940 . 1988. 21. Davies-Shiel, Micheal. Facets of 18th/19th Century Agricultural Improvements. [Online] 1996. http://www.cumbria-industries.org.uk/a-z-of- industries/facets-of-18th19th-century-agricultural-improvements/. 22. Westmorland Gazette. 7 Mar 1837. 23. Lancaster Gazetter. 13 May 1841. 24. Westmorland Gazette . 18 Mar 1843. 25. Kendal Mercury. 14 Mar 1857. 26. Kendal Mercury. 25 Oct 1845. 27. London Evening Standard. 5 Oct 1850. 28. Westmorland Gazette. 5 Oct 1850. 29. Blackburn Standard. 9 Oct 1850. 30. Lancaster Gazette. 20 August 1853. 31. Westmorland Gazette. 25 February 1854.

32. Westmorland Gazette . 7 Aug 1854 . 33. Kendal Mercury . 8 Aug 1857. 34. Mary Winfield Lambert. Cartmel Peninsula Local history Society. [Online] [Cited: 8 Dec 2018.] https://cplhs.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/mary-winfield- lambert.pdf. 35. Westmorland Gazette. 28 Aug 1858. 36. Morecambe Guardian. 9 Aug 1924. 37. Kendal Mercury. 3 Mar 1860. 38. Kendal Mercury. 11 Oct 1862. 39. Westmorland Gazette. 26 May 1863. 40. Cumb. & West. Advertiser. 3 Nov 1863. 41. Soulby's Ulverston Advertiser. 23 Nov 1865. 42. Lancaster Gazette. 15 June 1872. 43. Lancaster Gazette. 27 Aug 1881. 44. Preston Herald. 1 Sept 1875. 45. Lancaster Gazette. 7 Sept 1878. 46. Manchester Courier. 25 Sept 1887. 47. Preston Herald . 31 Aug 1889. 48. Manchester Courier. 7 Sept 1883. 49. Lancaster Gazette . 15 Sept 1877. 50. Preston Chronicle. 1 Mar 1879. 51. Lancaster Gazette . 29 Sept 1879. 52. Cumb. Pacquet & Ware’s Whitehaven Advertise . 26 Sept 1895. 53. Soulby’s Ulverston Advertiser. 6 Aug 1903. 54. Lancaster Gazette . 12 Oct 1878. 55. Westmorland Gazette . 13 Dec 1890. 56. Soulby’s Ulverston Advertiser . 19 Apr 1906. 57. Wikipedia. Roan (color). [Online] [Cited: 9 12 2018.] https://en.m.wikipedia/wiki/Roan_(color). 58. Soulby’s Ulverston Advertiser. 28 Feb 1907. 59. Burnley Express. 14 Sept 1907. 60. Soulby’s Ulverston Advertiser. Aug 26 1909. 61. Millom Gazette. 4 May 1917. 62. Cartmel peninsula Local History society. [Online] [Cited: 9 12 2018.] https://cplhs.files.wordpress.com/2018/12/flookburgh-farm-paper-2.pdf. 63. Lancashire Evening Post. 3 April 1925. 64. Lancashire Daily Post. 12 Sept 1925. 65. Lancashire Evening Post. 25 Aug 1925. 66. Yorkshire Post & Leeds Intelligencer. 23 Sept 1932. 67. Lancashire Evening Post. 3 Aug 1957. 68. Keay, M. William Wordsworth's Golden Age Theories During the Industrial Revolution in England, 1750-1850. s.l. : Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. 69. Soulby’s Ulverston Advertiser. 19 April 1906. 70. Westmorland Gazette . 19 Sept 1857.

Table 1. Owners of Outerthwaite Farm

-1594 Christopher Preston 1594-1642 Ann Preston 1642-1666 Richard Westby 1666-1690 Jennet Westby? Elizabeth Westby? ?-1716 Thomas Walton 1720-? Croft Corles- Cheesemonger from London 1732?-1798 Jopsons (of Mireside) 1799-1820 Richard Winfield (17) 1820-1835 Harriot Carter (inheritance) 1835-1857 Mary Winfield Lambert (inheritance) 1858-1923 Holker Estates (sales particulars) 1923-present day Robert Moore and his heirs

Table 2. Farmers of Outerthwaite Farm

1720 Thomas Leece (Huddleston) 1772 John Seatle (Husbandman – marriage bond Lan archive ) 1780 John Taylor (Farmer bur. 1/3/1780) 1782-1799 Peter Butler (Court order & Last Will and Testament) 1799-1823 Thomas Butler (On-line Parish Clerk) 1829-1833 John Harrison (Parson & White) 1835-1857 Robert Wilcock (Mary Lambert’s agent) 1847 John Hutton (husbandman) marriage 1857-1871 William Robinson 1868 Joseph Robinson (marriedx Mary Ann Backhouse 14/10/1868) 1872 Robert Robinson 1872 – 1906 William Mason 1906- Jane Scott & her son James 1916 James Scott (Grange Red Book) 1923 Robert Moore (Grange Red Book) 1939 Robert Moore (1939 Register) 1969 R Moore (Grange Red Book) 2018 J B Moore (Yell)

Table 3: Early occupiers of Outerthwaite

John Dicconson (bap. of son John (base) 10/11/1612 Oolterthwaite) John Dicconson (bap. son Richard 20/02/1619 (Ulterthwaite grene?) John Dicconson of Oughterthewhaite gent (18/8/1623 Legal Document Lancashire Archive DDX 499/31) John Dicconson (bur. of daughter Jenet 03/01/1627 Ulterthwaite) Chr. Couper (bap. of son John 5/8/1673) John Gaskarth in 1694 (a dyer –mentioned in William Spence’s will) Thomas and Jane Gaskell (Jane was buried at Cartmel on 3rd Mar 1698/9 (12) ) John Gaskel (bap of son John 18/11/1702) John Gaskel (bap of daughter Mary 10/8/1705) Thomas Gaskarth (bur. 29/6/1706) James Bell (bur. 14/12/1708 age about 50) Thomas Sympson (bap. 3/7/1710 and bur. 17/7/1710 of son Robert) Laurence Park (bur. 10/8/1718) Robt. Washington (bap. of Agnes 17/8/1720) George Wilson (bap. of George 31/5/1724) Robt. Aldran (bur. of Ellen (wife) 8/9/1727) Christopher Gibson (bap. of son John 3/6/1730, bap of son Thomas 21/11/1731 and bur. of son John 30/8/1730) Joseph Clark (bap. 2/5/1736 of son Gervas) John Rawlinson (bur. of his son John 19/11/1742, bap. son John 28/9/1743 and bap. son William 13/5/1747 (19)) Thomas Johnson (bur. of wife Jane 19/6/1751) Revd. William Taylor (‘a native of Outerthwaite’ born there in 1754 who was headmaster of Hawkshead Grammar School when William Wordsworth was a pupil there (68) (d. 12/6/1786 Master of ye Free School) John Seatle (in 1772 - a husbandman (12)). James Settle (marriage bond 16/12/1772 Husbandman – Lancat) John Taylor (Farmer) bur 1/3/1780 Robert Pow bap 5/10/1787 Thos. Pow born 4 Oct Daniel Harrison bap 26/6/1790 Peter born 25 Jun James Barker Mackereth bur 1796 Peter Butler bur 1/8/1799 Jane Ball bur 17/5/1847 age 28 William Bell bap 25/3/1849 s of William (Blacksmith) & Elizabeth William Wilkinson bap 28/10/1855 s of Edward (husbandman) & Mary

Table 4: Occupants of Outerthwaite 1841-1911 (From the Parish of Cartmel Census)

Year Forename(s) Surname Status Marital Status Age Occupation 1841 William Woof 30 Ag Lab 1841 John Kemp 28 Ag Lab 1841 George Pattison 27 Ag Lab 1841 Edward Kemp 20 Ag Lab 1841 William Birket 18 Ag Lab 1841 Thomas Sedgwick 15 Ag Lab 1841 Mary Baw 18 Domestic servant 1841 Elizabeth Hauck 25 Domestic servant 1851 Robert Varey Servant Unm. 37 Ag Lab 1851 Isaac Hodgson Servant Unm. 32 Ag Lab 1851 William Ball Head Mar 26 Ag Lab 1851 John Hornby Servant Unm. 20 Ag Lab 1851 Robert Hutton Lodger 15 Lodger 1851 James Hutton Lodger 13 Lodger 1851 Thomas Hutton Lodger 12 Lodger 1851 Edward Hutton Lodger 9 Lodger 1851 Joseph Hutton Lodger 2 Lodger 1851 Elizabeth Hutton Servant Widow 36 Domestic servant 1851 Agnes Hutton Lodger 8 Lodger 1861 William Robinson Head Mar 51 Farmer 1861 John Parkinson Servant Unm. 46 Ag Lab 1861 Thomas Minckin Servant Unm. 24 Ag Lab 1861 Richard Wilkinson Servant Unm. 24 Ag Lab 1861 Cristopher Walter ? Servant Unm. 19 Ag Lab 1861 Joseph Robinson Son Unm. 17 Farmer's son 1861 Edward Willson Servant Unm. 13 Domestic servant 1861 Robert Robinson Son 10 Child 1861 George H Robinson Son 6 Child 1861 Marey Robinson Wife Mar 49 Farmer's Wife 1861 Fanny Robinson Dau'r Unm. 19 Farmer's Dau'r 1861 Marey Robinson Dau'r Unm. 14 Farmer's Dau'r 1861 Margret Ann Robinson Dau'r Unm. 12 Farmer's Dau'r 1861 Alice Robinson Dau'r 3 Child 1871 William Robinson Head Mar 61 Farmer 1871 Percival Bell Head Mar 24 Ag Lab 1871 Robert Robinson Son Unm. 20 Ag Lab 1871 Robert Battersby Servant Unm. 18 Ag Lab 1871 James Bland Servant Unm. 15 Ag Lab 1871 George Woodburn Servant Unm. 15 Ag Lab 1871 William Robinson Gd Son 10 At home

1871 Joseph Robinson Gd Son 8 At home 1871 Isabella Bell Wife Mar 19 Dairy Maid 1871 Mary Robinson Wife Mar 59 Domestic servant 1871 Alice Robinson Dau'r Unm. 13 Domestic servant 1871 Hannah Thexton Servant Unm. 21 Domestic servant 1881 William Mason Head Mar 37 Farmer 1881 James Leek Servant Unm. 19 Farm Servant (Indoor) 1881 William Thistlethwaite Servant Unm. 19 Farm Servant (Indoor) 1881 Harold Wilkinson Boarder Unm. 17 Farm Pupil 1881 Eleanor Mason Wife Mar 35 Farmer's Wife 1881 Rachel Sykes Servant Unm. 16 Domestic servant 1881 Margaret Thompson Servant Unm. 15 Dairymaid 1891 William Mason Head Mar 47 Farmer 1891 Thomas Booth Servant Single 47 Farm Servant 1891 Thomas Wilson Servant Single 23 Farm Servant 1891 George Ruter Servant Single 21 Farm Servant 1891 John Shaw Servant Single 16 Farm Servant 1891 Jane Brocklebank Servant Single 17 Domestic servant 1891 Eleanor Mason Wife Mar 45 Farmer's Wife 1891 Agness Newton Servant Single 16 Domestic servant 1891 Hannah M Selkirk Cousin Single 34 No occupation 1901 William Mason Head Mar 57 Farmer 1901 John Glessal Servant Single 27 Cowman 1901 Thos Wilkinson Servant Single 22 Carter 1901 Mark Drinkall Servant Single 15 Ag Lab 1901 Eleanor Mason Wife Mar 55 Farmer's Wife 1901 Hannah M Selkirk Cousin Single 44 No occupation 1901 Norah Walker Servant Single 19 Domestic servant 1911 Jane Scott Head Widow 70 Farmer 1911 Joseph Mitchelson Servant 40 Horseman 1911 James Scott Son Mar 38 Farmer's Son 1911 Cecil Moleneux Servant 19 Cowman 1911 Richard Rawlinson Servant 15 Farm Servant 1911 Margaret Scott Son's Wife Mar 34 Farmer's Wife 1911 Isabel Todd Servant 14 Domestic servant

Table 5: 1896 Assessment of Rent for Outerthwaite (Lancashire Archive ref DDCA/ACC12005/Box20/152)

Annual Number Field Name Quantity a Type Value/acre value each field 532 Red Hill Holme 7.417 A 25/- £8-10-7 529 Part of Red Hill Holme 0.783 G 25/- £0-19-6 530 Plantation 0.245 W 25/- £0-6-1 534 Far Middle Holme 7.739 P 26/- £10-1-2 535 Part of Middle Holme 2.625 P 20/- £2-12-6 539 Near & Far Holme 9.621 P 16/- £7-13-11 540 West Holme 5.38 A 18/- £16-16-10 533 Part of Middle Holme 1.659 P 20/- £1-13-3 469 Road 0.764 N

470 Orchard 1.28 N £1-5-0

463 Cornthwaite 12.266 P 28/- £20-10-0

464 Cornthwaite 2.378 P 28/- 462 House Buildings etc 1.167 N £10-0-0

447 Tenter Close 8.57 P 32/- £13-14-2 461 High Field 8.411 A 28/- £11-15-6 446 Hemplands 15.785 A 30/- £23-13-7 440 Road 0.98 N

439 High Buildings 0.154 N

435 Bull Copy 4.351 P 25/- £5-8-9 446 Little Boarbank 4.947 P 28/- £6-18-5 441 Wood Boarbank 22.345 P 26/- £29-1-1 470 Moor Lane Meadow 2.573 P 25/- £3-4-4 482 Stubbins Meadow 6.244 P 20/- £6-4-10 459 Goody wife Meadow 3.472 M 25/- ££4-6-10 471 Near Wraysholme 13.928 A 26/- £18-2-0 472 Pt of Wraysholme 6.98 A 25/- £8-14-6 473 Far Wraysholme 4.998 M 25/- £6-4-10 478 Near Lane Meadow 3.389 M 25/- £4-4-8 476 The Close 1.05 M 25/- £1-6-3

Table 6. Summary information from 1896 account book (Lancashire Archive ref DDCA/ACC12005/Box20/152)

Acreage % Arable 57.9 35.9 Garden 0.8 0.5 Meadow 12.9 8 None 4.3 2.7 Pasture 85.3 52.8 Wood 0.2 0.2 Total 161.5 100

Table 7. Details of the sale of stock of Mr Mason in April 1906 (69)

CATTLE – Heifer calf, £3 15s, Mr Wm Dixon, Ellerside; roan bullock, £4 5s, Mr Jos Barton; ditto, £5, Mr Jos Barton; white heifer, £4, Mr R Lewis; red ditto, £3 10s, Mr Wilson, Mireside; roan ditto, £3 Mr R Wright; roan ditto, £3 5s, Mr R Rigg, Dalton; red bullock, £2 15s, Mr Burrow, Ulverston, ditto, £2 2s 5d, Mr Burrow; two bullocks, £4 15s each, Mr Lund, Ulverston; roan heifer, £5 12s 6d, Mr Sherwin, Bootle ditto, £7 15s, Mr Thos. Moore; red bullock, £6 5s, Mr Jos Tyson Ulverston; roan ditto, £7, Mr Sherwin; red ditto, £6 17s 6d, Mr Jos Barton; two white bullocks, £6 15s each, Mr Mason, Marsh Grange; roan heifer, £7 15s, Mr Robt. Webster; red heifer, £8 10s, Mr E Richardson; red & white bullock, £7 10s, Mr Jos. Tyson; roan heifer, £9 15s, Mr Walker, Tempeton; red heifer, £10, Mr Sherwin; two bullocks, £10 15s each, Mr R Lewis; blue grey heifer, (July calver), £12 10s, Mr Wm Dixon; roan ditto (January Calver), £11 5s, Mr A Scott; red heifer, (May calver), £13 15s, Mr John Shepherd, Spring Bank; roan heifer (December calver), £11 15s, Mr Crosbie, Birkby Hall; roan ditto, £11 15s, Mr Robt. Webster; ditto (August calver), £13 15s, Mr Norman; red heifer (September calver), £14, Mr W Dixon, Holker; white heifer (September calver), £12 10s, Mr Rawlinson; roan heifer (October calver), £17, Mr Norman, Holker; white ditto (June calver), £13 7s 6d, Mr Redmayne Rigg, Cartmel; roan heifer (august calver),£16 7s 6d, Mr W Dixon; red ditto (January calver), £17 2s 6d, Mr A Crewdson; red & white heifer (May calver) , £16 15s, Mr Middleton, Leeds; roan cow, £14 5s, Mr Middleton; red heifer (September calver), £13 15s, Mr R Wright; roan heifer, (August calver), £13 15s, Mr Sherwin;

roan cow, £12 10s, Mr S Woods; her heifer calf, 57s, Mr Robt. Scarr, Liverpool; roan cow, (January calver), £14 5s, R Pickthall, Dalton; gelt cow, £10, Mr McKewin; red cow (September calver), £4 10s, Mr Wm Dixon; roan cow (august calver), £20 10s, Mr Jackson, Roose; red cow (April calver), £21, Mr Dowbiggin, Millom; roan cow, £17, Mr Scott; her heifer calf, 30s, Mr Walker; ditto, £11 15s, Mr J Clarke, Newton-in-Cartmel; her heifer calf, 25s, Mr Clarke; fat cow, £19 10s, Mr Jos, Brocklebank; roan cow, £15 15s, Mr Nelson; her calf, 30s, Mr Scarr; roan cow, £16 10s, Mr Middleton; calf, 27s 6d, Mr Grice, Bootle; red cow, £16 5s, Mr B Rigg; her calf, 38s 6d, Mr Robt. Scarr; red & white cow (June calver), £18, Mr Scarr; roan cow, £18, Mr Scarr; roan cow, £14 10s, Mr Jas. Dickinson; her calf, £1, Mr Grice; roan cow, (January calver), £13, Mr John Bell; ditto (April calver), £19 15s, Mr B Rigg; red & white cow (April calver), £23, Mr Middleton; roan cow, £8, Mr Scarr; her calf, £2 10s, Mr Crewdson; roan cow, £14, Mr Milligan, Winster; her calf, 15s, Mr Wm Jackson, Allithwaite; heifer calf, 25s, Mr H Nelson; young bull, 10.5gns, Mr B Wilson; ditto, 13.5 gns, Mr R Rawsthorne; bull, £21, Mr J fisher, Barrow.

Horses: Chestnut mare (8 yrs), 38 gns, Mr Booth; Bay gelding (5 yrs), 40 gns, Messrs Dickinson, Cark; Bay filly (3 yrs),37 gns, Mr Part, Kendal; Bay gelding, 22 gns, Mr Williams, Carnforth.

73 cattle 4 Horses

Table 8: 1939 Register for Outerthwaite Farm

Forenames M Date of Birth Marital Occupation

1 Robert Moore M 27-Jun 1872 M Farmer, (Heavy Worker) 2 Mary Moore F 04-May 1872 M Unpaid Domestic Duties 3 John Moore M 27-Mar 1909 S Shepherd Hedger & Drainer, Heavy Worker 4 Robert, Jnr Moore M 30-Jun 1912 S Cowman on Farm, Heavy Worker 5 Edwin Moore M 16-Sep 1916 S Horseman & Tractor Driver, Heavy Worker Closed 6 Record