DOCSLIB.ORG

Endophytic Control of Cosmopolites Sordidus and Radopholus Similis Using Fusarium Oxysporum V5w2 in Tissue Culture Banana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Endophytic Control of Cosmopolites Sordidus and Radopholus Similis Using Fusarium Oxysporum V5w2 in Tissue Culture Banana Endophytic control of Cosmopolites sordidus and Radopholus similis using Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 in tissue culture banana Dennis M.W. Ochieno Thesis committee Thesis supervisors Prof. dr. Marcel Dicke Professor of Entomology Wageningen University Prof. dr. ir. Arnold van Huis Personal Chair at the Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisor Dr. Thomas Dubois Biocontrol Specialist International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Other members Prof. dr. TWM Kuijper, Wageningen University Prof. dr. RA Sikora, University of Bonn, Germany Dr. JM Raaijmakers, Wageningen University Dr. MNEJ Smit, IPM specialist, (private consultant) This research was conducted under the auspices of the C. T. de Wit Graduate School of Production Ecology and Resource Conservation Endophytic control of Cosmopolites sordidus and Radopholus similis using Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 in tissue culture banana Dennis M.W. Ochieno Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 1 November 2010 at 11 a.m. in the Aula Dennis M.W. Ochieno Endophytic control of Cosmopolites sordidus and Radopholus similis using Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 in tissue culture banana Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2010) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-90-8585-637-5 Table of contents Acknowledgements vii Abstract ix Chapter 1 The application of endophytes for the control of pests and diseases in crops and in particular banana 1 Chapter 2 Outline of this thesis 21 Chapter 3 Effects of endophytic Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 as influenced by host nutrition, and the artificial endophyte Beauveria bassiana G41, on the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus in tissue culture plants 33 Chapter 4 Comparative studies on effects of NPK nutrient deficiencies and soil sterility on banana plants and Radopholus similis infection 59 Chapter 5 Effects of soil sterilization on interactions between endophytic Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 and the root burrowing nematode Radopholus similis in tissue culture banana plants 87 Chapter 6 Interactions between Radopholus similis and Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 in tissue culture banana plants under nitrogen-starvation and total nutrient starvation as affected by soil sterility 105 Chapter 7 Effects of endophytic Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 on the root burrowing nematode Radopholus similis in v Table of contents tissue culture banana plants under phosphorus and potassium deficiencies as affected by soil sterility 125 Chapter 8 Effects of endophytic non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 and mulching on field-grown tissue culture banana plants and root infection by Radopholus similis 145 Chapter 9 Summarizing discussion 161 References 177 Summary 195 Samenvatting 199 Personal history 205 PE&RC Education statement 207 Funding Acknowledgement 209 vi Acknowledgements I thank Prof. Arnold van Huis, Prof. Marcel Dicke (WUR), Dr. Thomas Dubois, Dr. Piet van Asten and Dr. Danny Coyne (IITA) for their strong commitment in nurturing me into the world of science. I acknowledge Prof. Joop van Lenteren (WUR), Dr. Cliff Gold (formally of IITA), Dr. Ellie Osir, Dr. Fritz Schulthess (formally of ICIPE), Prof. Micheni Ntiba and Prof. Lucy Irungu (University of Nairobi) for their efforts that led to my recruitment into this great study opportunity. I recognize the technical support that was provided by Abubakar Ezale, Agusi Franco, Arthur Wasukira, Cissy Nabulime, Dennis Nteza, Elvis Mbiru, Fred Kato, Fred Kimuli, Jane Luyiga, Jhamna Castillo, John Kibalama, Joshua Okonya, Juliana Nakintu, Juliet Akello, Margaret Nakawunde, Moses Kibirango, Moses Nyine, Patrick Emudong, Patrick Mayanja, Peter Semakula, Phillip Abidrabo, Ronald Kateriga, Rose Khainza, Stephen Segawa, Sinnia Kapindu, Stephen Ssebaggala, Markstuart Kibirango and Victoria Naluyange among other staff at IITA in Uganda. Fellow students and staff at the Laboratory of Entomology (WUR) provided comments and technical support that greatly improved this thesis. Thanks to Joost van Itterbeeck for the Dutch translation of the summary. I acknowledge the Kenyan and other student associations for creating social and academic occasions. I appreciate the efforts of Judith Naliaka Barasa, Charles Wekulo Barasa, Ashton Okiya, the Baziras, Solomy Kiwanuka, Dr. Edward Muge and Everlyne Kirwa in creating conducive work environment and neighbourhood during my PhD studies. Your prayers and advice played a great role towards the success of my studies. vii Acknowledgements To my dad Jackson J. Ochieno, mum Elizabeth N. Ochieno, my son Alvin Jonah Ochieno, all family members and friends, you gave me extra attention during my long absence from home while pursuing studies. Dad and Mum, you sacrificed a lot to ensure that I succeed in this challenging academic journey. Thanks a lot! viii Abstract Banana plants are being inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 and Beauveria bassiana G41 for endophytic control of pests. The effects of F. oxysporum V5w2 and B. bassiana G41, soil sterility, fertilizer, and mulching, on Cosmopolites sordidus and Radopholus similis in banana plants, are investigated. Cosmopolites sordidus has low preference for plants inoculated with the two endophytes; corm damage is low on F. oxysporum V5w2-treated plants. High root damage and growth suppression are evident in R. similis-treated plants. Under N-deficiency, R. similis-treated plants are larger than those without the nematode. Compared to plants treated with complete nutrient solution (CNS), those under P-deficiency have higher root damage, but lower under K-deficiency, and not different under N-deficiency and when only water was applied. Plants under CNS have lower R. similis density than those under N-deficiency and those treated with water only. Also, C. sordidus larvae from plants under CNS are smaller than those given only water. Under N-deficiency and supply of only water, potted plants in non-sterile soil are smaller than those from sterile soil, but are larger under CNS, P or K-deficiencies when N is present. Radopholus similis densities are lower in roots from non-sterile soil, compared to those from sterile soil. Mulched plants are larger with bigger bunches than those without mulch, but are more prone to toppling when R. similis is present. Plants treated with F. oxysporum V5w2 have lower R. similis density under N-deficiency but higher under P-deficiency, and are smaller in size under K- deficiency, than endophyte-free ones. Fusarium oxysporum V5w2-treated plants are small and take short time to harvest. With mulch, R. similis- induced toppling is less in F. oxysporum V5w2-treated plants, possibly due ix Abstract to their smaller size during growth. In conclusion, data on the effect of nutrients, soil microorganisms and mulching do not support the transfer of F. oxysporum V5w2-treated banana plants to farmers, because the plants suffer from reduced performance. Understanding endophytic mechanisms of action and establishing successful inoculation is necessary for drawing a final valid conclusion. x Chapter 1 The application of endophytes for the control of pests and diseases in crops and in particular banana Endophytes growing from root pieces in media Dennis M.W. Ochieno · Marcel Dicke · Thomas Dubois · Arnold van Huis Chapter 1 Abstract Endophytes have become important for plant growth promotion. The technology has been made ready for crops like banana that are seriously constrained by pests and diseases. The current chapter reviews the literature on endophytes with emphasis on the application of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum for the control of banana pests and diseases. A toppled banana plant 2 The application of endophytes for the control of pests and…………..…….. Pest problems facing banana production in Africa Banana and plantain are grown in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries worldwide (Sharrock and Frison 1999). In Africa, especially in the eastern and central regions of the continent, highland cooking banana cultivars (Musa spp., genome group AAA-EA) are a staple food crop for the livelihood of many people (Pillay et al. 2001). Uganda has been the leading African banana producer, with an annual production of 9.8 million tonnes (Sharrock and Frison 1999), and a consumption rate of 373 kg per capita per year (Smithson et al. 2001). In Rwanda, the annual banana production is 2 million tonnes (39% of total raw food production, with a consumption rate of 197 kg per capita per year) (Nsabimana and van Staden 2007). a b Fig. 1.1. The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus with eggs (a), and the root burrowing nematode Radopholus similis coiled inside a root cell (b). Corm damage by the weevil results in snapping while root burrowing by the nematode causes toppling of plants. Images byprovided provided by Moses Nyine and Phillip Abidrabo, respectively. 3 Chapter 1 However, banana production in Africa is threatened by a wide range of pests and diseases. The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Figure 1.1) is among the most damaging insect pests that feed on the corms resulting in snapping of plants (Gold et al. 2001). The root burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) (Figure 1.1), is among the most damaging species of plant parasitic nematodes worldwide that had been given quarantine status (O'Bannon 1977; EPPO/CABI
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Integrated Pest Management of the Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites Sordidus (Germar), in South Africa
    Integrated pest management of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), in South Africa by Johan de Graaf Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor (Entomology), in the Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Science University of Pretoria Pretoria May 2006 CONTENTS Page Summary viii List of tables xii List of figures xiv Aims xxi Hypothesis xxi Statistical analysis xxii Chapter 1: Biology, ecology and integrated pest management of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on Musa (Zingiberales: Musaceae): an evaluation of literature 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Musa 2 1.2.1 Classification 2 1.2.2 Morphology and growth 4 1.2.3 Cultivation 5 1.2.3.1 Cultivation areas 5 1.2.3.2 Food production systems 5 1.2.4 Crop importance 7 1.3 Cosmopolites sordidus 8 1.3.1 Classification 8 1.3.2 Distribution 10 1.3.3 Biology and behaviour 10 1.3.4 Population dynamics 12 1.3.5 Pest status 15 1.4 Integrated management 17 1.4.1 Monitoring (sampling) 17 1.4.1.1 Adult trapping 17 1.4.1.2 Damage assessments 19 1.4.1.3 Economic thresholds 21 1.4.2 Host resistance 22 1.4.3 Cultural control 24 1.4.3.1 Crop establishment 24 ii 1.4.3.2 Crop management 26 1.4.3.3 Mass trapping 28 1.4.4 Biological control 29 1.4.4.1 Classical biological control 29 1.4.4.2 Arthropod natural enemies 30 1.4.4.3 Microbial control 31 1.4.5 Chemical control 32 1.5 Conclusions 35 1.6 References 38 Tables 64 Chapter 2: Genetic relationships among populations of Cosmopolites sordidus based on AFLP analysis 65
    [Show full text]
  • RHYNCHOPHORINAE of SOUTHEASTERN POLYNESIA1 2 (Coleoptera : Curculionidae)
    Pacific Insects 10 (1): 47-77 10 May 1968 RHYNCHOPHORINAE OF SOUTHEASTERN POLYNESIA1 2 (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) By Elwood C. Zimmerman BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU Abstract: Ten species of Rhynchophorinae are recorded from southeastern Polynesia, including two new species of Dryophthorus from Rapa. Excepting the latter, all the spe­ cies have been introduced into the area and most are of economic importance. Keys to adults and larvae, notes on biologies, new distributional data and illustrations are pre­ sented. This is a combined Pacific Entomological Survey (1928-1933) and Mangarevan Expedi­ tion (1934) report. I had hoped to publish the account soon after my return from the 1934 expedition to southeastern Polynesia, but its preparation has been long delayed be­ cause of my pre-occupation with other duties. With the exception of two new endemic species of Dryophthorus, described herein, all of the Rhynchophorinae found in southeastern Polynesia (Polynesia south of Hawaii and east of Samoa; see fig. 1) have been introduced through the agencies of man. The most easterly locality where endemic typical rhynchophorids are known to occur in the mid- Pacific is Samoa where there are endemic species of Diathetes. (I consider the Dryoph- thorini and certain other groups to be atypical Rhynchophorinae). West of Samoa the subfamily becomes increasingly rich and diversified. There are multitudes of genera and species from Papua to India, and it is in the Indo-Pacific where the subfamily is most abundant. Figure 2 demonstrates the comparative faunistic developments of the typical rhynchophorids. I am indebted to the British Museum (Natural History) for allowing me extensive use of the unsurpassed facilities of the Entomology Department and libraries and to the Mu­ seum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, for use of the library.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Management of Musa Nematodes in Asia and the Pacific
    The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The programme has four specific objectives: To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. INIBAP is a network of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), a Future Harvest center. The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to advance the conservation and use of plant genetic diversity for the well-being of present and future generations. It is one of the 16 Future Harvest Centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and proverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. IPGRI has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP).
    [Show full text]
  • Radopholus Similis
    Feb 20Pathogen of the month – Feb 2020 F M F sp v M a b c d e f g Fig. 1. (a) Mature and juvenile nematodes expressing auto-fluorescent globules/lip region and egg with no autofluorescence; (b) and (c) female (F) and male (M) nematodes highlighting the differences in morphology in the lip region (black arrows) and reproductive organs i.e. (sp) spicules and (v) vulva; (d) female nematode undergoing molting; (e) Nematophagous fungal growth within a dead burrowing nematode on 1% (w/v) water agar plate; (f) root lesions in R. similis infected banana roots and (g) banana plant toppling due to burrowing nematode damage. Scale bars represent 100 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 200 mm in (a), (b), (c) and (e) respectively. Common Name: Burrowing nematode Disease: Spreading decline (citrus); toppling or blackhead disease (banana); yellows disease (black pepper) Classification: K: Animalia P: Nematoda C: Secementea O: Tylenchida F: Pratylenchidae First observed in Fiji in 1893, the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis infects the roots of many commercial crops such as banana, ginger and citrus. A draft genome is available and sequence analysis suggests that it is closely related to cyst nematodes than to root knot or other migratory endoparasitic nematodes such as Pratylenchus. Recent work on R. similis isolates from Fiji and Australia differed in pathogenicity on ginger and banana, indicating pathotype differences between isolates. Biology and Ecology: All larval stages and adult females Distribution: It is found in most tropical and subtropical of Radopholus similis are infective and feed on root cortical regions of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate
    Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies Studies on Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Banana in Sennar and Kassala States دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﯿﻤﺎﺗﻮدا اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮز ﻓﻰ وﻻﯾﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺎر وﻛﺴﻼ A thesis submitted in to the Sudan University of Science and Technology in Fulfillment of the requirement for M.Sc. (Agric) in crop protection (Plant Pathology) By Duria Abdelsalam Eltahir Elshakh Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Saeed Mohammed 2014 ﺑﺳم ﷲ اﻟرﺣﻣن اﻟرﺣﯾم Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Graduate Studies Studies on Plant Parasitic Nematodes on Banana in Sennar and Kassala States دراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﯿﻤﺎﺗﻮدا اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮز ﻓﻰ وﻻﯾﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺎر وﻛﺴﻼ A thesis submitted in the requirement of the Degree of M.Sc. Agric. In Crop Protection (Plant Pathology) By Duria Abdelsalam Eltahir Elshakh B.Sc. in Crop Protection University of Zagazig, Egypt(1986) Main Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Saeed Mohammed Co. Supervisor: Prof. Gamal Abdalla Elbadri 2014 Dedication To the soul of my father Lovely mother Intimate husband Brothers and sisters To all those who search of knowledge 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks and praise to the Beneficent and Merciful God who provided me with health, strength and patience to have this drop from the renewable flood of knowledge. I am gratefully to my supervisors, Doctor Ibrahim Saeed Mohammed and Professor Gamal Abdalla Elbadri for all the encouragement, helpful guidance and continued support. Special thankS to my Co. supervisor Professor. Gamal Abdalla Elbadri under who's the supervision of work has been successfully carried out with his invaluable advices, unlimited helpful and for this correction of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Weevil Borers Affect the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Banana Fusarium Wilt
    Journal of Fungi Article Weevil Borers Affect the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Banana Fusarium Wilt Daniel W. Heck , Gabriel Alves and Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti * Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; [email protected] (D.W.H.); [email protected] (G.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Dispersal of propagules of a pathogen has remarkable effects on the development of epidemics. Previous studies suggested that insect pests play a role in the development of Fusarium wilt (FW) epidemics in banana fields. We provided complementary evidence for the involvement of two insect pests of banana, the weevil borer (Cosmopolites sordidus L., WB) and the false weevil borer (Metamasius hemipterus L., FWB), in the dispersal of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) using a comparative epidemiology approach under field conditions. Two banana plots located in a field with historical records of FW epidemics were used; one was managed with Beauveria bassiana to reduce the population of weevils, and the other was left without B. bassiana applications. The number of WB and FWB was monitored biweekly and the FW incidence was quantified bimonthly during two years. The population of WB and the incidence (6.7%) of FW in the plot managed with B. bassiana were lower than in the plot left unmanaged (13%). The monomolecular model best fitted the FW disease progress data, and as expected, the average estimated disease progress rate was lower in the plot managed with the entomopathogenic fungus (r = 0.002) compared to the unmanaged plot (r = 0.006). Aggregation of FW was higher in the field with WB management.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review
    diversity Review Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review Stela Lazarova 1,* , Danny Coyne 2 , Mayra G. Rodríguez 3 , Belkis Peteira 3 and Aurelio Ciancio 4,* 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Y. Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kasarani, Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya; [email protected] 3 National Center for Plant and Animal Health (CENSA), P.O. Box 10, Mayabeque Province, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; [email protected] (M.G.R.); [email protected] (B.P.) 4 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, 70126 Bari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (A.C.); Tel.: +359-8865-32-609 (S.L.); +39-080-5929-221 (A.C.) Abstract: The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field Citation: Lazarova, S.; Coyne, D.; level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Past and Present of the Nematode Radopholus Similis (Cobb)
    CROP PROTECTION Past and present of the nematode Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne with emphasis on Musa: a review Pasado y presente del nematodo Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne con énfasis en musáceas: una revisión Charles Volcy1 ABSTRACT RESUMEN This review presents a historical background on different as- En la presente reseña, se hace un recorrido histórico sobre pects of the nematode Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne, an diferentes aspectos del nematodo Radopholus similis (Cobb) important pathogen of Musa, black pepper and anthurium. Thorne, importante patógeno de musáceas, de la pimienta It examines the history of its discovery and its name, new negra y del anturio. Se analiza la historia de su descubrimiento approaches to its taxonomy and its genome, and the process y de su nombre, los nuevos planteamientos sobre su taxonomía of dissemination and pathogenic variability. Finally, it docu- y su genoma, su proceso de diseminación y su variabilidad ments the evolution of the control measures in banana, from patogénica. Finalmente, se documenta la evolución de las me- chemical control to bio-protection and managing the habitat didas de control en banano, desde el control químico hasta la of the pathogen. bioprotección y el manejo del hábitat del patógeno. Key words: history, taxonomy, pathogenicity, management. Palabras clave: historia, taxonomía, patogenicidad, manejo. Introduction Origin and spread of R. similis Radopholus similis (Cobb), with the name “nematodo The discovery, the first morphometric description, and the barrenador” in Spanish and burrowing nematode or “Fiji first names of this nematode were the fruits of research by banana-root nematode” in English, is one of the ten most the American Nathan Cobb August in Australia after the important phyto-helminths in the tropics (Haegeman et pathological examination of banana roots collected in Fiji al., 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of Biological Control of Cosmopolites Sordidus Germar (Col
    Received: 30 October 2020 | Revised: 26 December 2020 | Accepted: 19 January 2021 DOI: 10.1111/jen.12868 REVIEW ARTICLE The challenge of biological control of Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Col. Curculionidae): A review Paul Tresson1,2,3,4 | Philippe Tixier1,2 | William Puech4 | Dominique Carval1,2,3 1CIRAD, UPR GECO, Montpellier, France Abstract 2GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France The banana weevil (also known as banana root borer) Cosmopolites sordidus Germar 3CIRAD, UPR GECO, Saint- Pierre, France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) is the major pest of banana and plantain. Because ba- 4 LIRMM, CNRS, Montpellier, France nana ranks 2nd in fruit production worldwide, this pest has substantial social and Correspondence economic importance. The biological control of the C. sordidus remains challenging Dominique Carval, GECO, Univ Montpellier, because of its behaviour and resistance to parasitism and predation. The last review CIRAD, Montpellier, France. Email: [email protected] concerning the biological control of C. sordidus was published two decades ago, and relevant knowledge and methods have developed in the interim. The present paper Funding information European Community (ERDF); French provides an update of that knowledge and summarizes past and current challenges National Research Agency under the as well as providing perspectives on achieving sustainable control of C. sordidus. We Investments for the Future Program, Grant/ Award Number: ANR- 16- CONV- 0004 first discuss studies on the classical biological control of C. sordidus, underlining the limits of classical biological control methods such as the importation of predators, parasitoids or pathogens. Next, we consider conservation biological control of C. sor- didus, with a focus on ants.
    [Show full text]
  • Banana Weevil (Cosmopolites Sordidus) Reduces
    Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2011. Vol. 12, Issue 1: 1537-1542 Publication date: 30/11/2011 , http://www.biosciences.elewa.org/JAPS ; ISSN 2071 - 7024 JAPS Banana weevil ( Cosmopolites sordidus ) reduces availability of corms for seedling production through macropropagation technology Njeri Njau 1* , Maina Mwangi 1, Ruth Gathu 1, Jesca Mbaka 2, Reuben Muasya 1 1Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi; 2 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 220 Thika, Kenya. *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] ; Tel.: +254725260264 Key words: Banana, Macropropagation, Banana Weevil 1 SUMMARY Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruits in Kenya for food security and income generation for major smallholders who own less than 10 hectares of land. The weevil (C. sordidus) is a devastating pest of banana especially in the warm regions. The larva is the most damaging stage of the weevil and causes tunnelling in the corm. Macropropagation technology is a cost effective method for mass production of banana seedlings from the corm. Heavy attacks by weevils on corms reduce their suitability of selection for propagation, leading to rejection. In this study, selected farms (in Central and Eastern regions of Kenya) were assessed for certification as sources of healthy banana corms for Macropropagation. In Eastern region, some plantations were heavily infested with weevils leading to a rejection rate of over 20% where the temperatures are warm, (25°C - 30°C ) and favour thriving of the weevil. Although weevils are not transmitted from the corm to the suckers generated through macropropagation, the results show that chemical and cultural control measures should be taken to reduce weevil attacks and thereby increase availability of higher quality corms for propagation.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Management of Banana Nematodes: Lessons from a Case Study in the French West Indies
    From Science to Field Banana Case Study – Guide Number 4 Integrated management of banana nematodes: Lessons from a case study in the French West Indies Jean-Michel Risède, CIRAD, France Tino daMbas, ITBAN, France Christian ChabRieR, CIRAD, France Raphaël aChaRd, CIRAD, France Marc doRel, CIRAD, France Patrick QuénéheRvé, IRD, France Association of bananas with the perennial legume Neonotonia wightii. © Jean-Michel Risède, CIRAD, France. Food Quality and Safety From Science to Field Banana Case Study – Guide Number 4 integrated management of banana nematodes: lessons from a case study in the French West indies Plant-parasitic nematodes are tiny worms that live mainly in soil and roots. In the case of banana plants, the most damaging species spend most of their life cycle in root and corm tissues. Their mouth cavity contains a hollow stylet with which they puncture the cell and remove the contents. Plurispecific communities of millions of individuals can develop in corm and root tissues of which they alter the physical and functional integrity. Nematode proliferation can disrupt nutrient and water uptake, delay growth and cause banana plants to topple over. In the French West Indies, toppling over is the main damage caused by nematodes. As in many other banana-producing regions around the world, 10 years ago in the French West Indies methods for the control of nematodes in export bananas relied on the use of synthetic carbamate and organophosphate nematicides. For the most part classified as toxic or highly toxic, in recent years many of these products have gradually been banned. Alter- native integrated plant-parasitic nematode management has consequently been developed in banana cropping systems in the French West Indies with the support of different stake- holders (growers, researchers, extension officers etc).
    [Show full text]
  • (Musa Spp.) to the Burrowing Nematode Radopholus Similis
    Phenalenone-type phytoalexins mediate resistance of banana plants (Musa spp.) to the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis Dirk Hölschera,b,1,2, Suganthagunthalam Dhakshinamoorthyc,1, Theodore Alexandrovd,e,f,g, Michael Beckerh, Tom Bretschneideri, Andreas Buerkertb, Anna C. Creceliusj, Dirk De Waelec,k, Annemie Elsenl, David G. Heckelm, Heike Heklaun, Christian Hertwecki, Marco Kaio, Katrin Knopj, Christoph Krafftp, Ravi K. Maddulao, Christian Matthäusp, Jürgen Poppp,q, Bernd Schneidera, Ulrich S. Schubertj,r, Richard A. Sikoras, Aleš Svatošo, and Rony L. Swennenc,t,u aNuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Group, oMass Spectrometry Research Group, mDepartment of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; bDepartment of Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; cLaboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; dCenter for Industrial Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; eSteinbeis Innovation Center for Scientific Computing in Life Sciences, 28359 Bremen, Germany; fScientific Computing in Life Sciences (SCiLS) GmbH, 28359 Bremen, Germany; gSkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; hDepartment of Applications Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF),
    [Show full text]