DOCSLIB.ORG

Working with Hispanics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Working with Hispanics Working with Hispanics Editing and layout by: D.J. Case & Associates • 317 E. Jefferson Blvd. • Mishawaka, IN 46545 • [email protected] Written by Neal Holladay, Holladay Management Services, Inc. • www.holladaymanagement.com Funded by the USDA Wood Education and Resource Center, Princeton, WV in partnership with the IHLA, WMMA, AHMI, AWFS, AWI, KCMA, WCMA, and the WPMA. Table of Contents Introduction . 1 Humor . 20 Generalization . 2 Giving Instructions . 20 Hispanic vs. Latino . 2 Driving Directions . 20 Hispanic Origin vs. Race . 3 Bilingual Leaders . 20 Demographic Profile . 4 The Language Barrier . 21 American vs. Americano . 5 Supervisors Learning Spanish . 21 Cultural Implications & Workplace Situations . 5 Using an Interpreter . 23 Education . 5 Written Materials . 23 Family . .7 Hiring and Administration . 24 Gender Roles . 10 Recruitment . 24 The Future . 11 Employment Forms . 25 Time . .12 Spanish Name Construction . 25 Group Loyalty and Trust . .13 Interviewing . 26 Working in Teams . 14 Important Changes in Government Agencies . 27 Unions . 14 Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 . 27 Safety . 15 Form I-9 Employment Verification . 28 Role of Boss vs. Subordinate . 16 Social Security Number vs. Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) . 28 Motivation and Rewards . .16 I-9 Maintenance . 29 Communication . .17 Coming to the U.S. Legally . 29 Importance of Respect . .17 Summary . 30 Harmony . .18 References . 31 Mannerisms . 19 Giving Criticism . 19 no health insurance and no way to help them with Introduction their schooling. Even with both parents often working multiple jobs, over one quarter of Hispanic children In the last decade, the United States has seen an in the U.S. live below the poverty level.1 unprecedented growth rate in the Hispanic As a result of this very rapid population growth, areas Population. Immigrants from Latin America have of this country that have been previously homogenous come into this country on a grand scale driven by the in terms of culture and ethnicity have transformed, need for economic survival and the hope of a better seemingly overnight, into diverse communities whose life. Their arrival is no surprise. Our success has citizens are just now getting used to the presence of made us the most powerful and affluent nation in the these newcomers. For this reason it is no surprise world both economically and politically. This success that Americans often suffer from assumptions and has created high demand for workers, particularly in misconceptions that make interacting with Hispanics the high labor-intensive industries - a demand in difficult and uncomfortable. which many Hispanic immigrants are more than happy to fill. Notwithstanding these obstacles, the relationship between Hispanic immigrants and American compa- Hispanic immigrants, the majority coming from areas nies has quickly become a beneficial symbiosis, with just south of our border, have been inescapably many employers seeking out this very eager and avail- exposed to the American Dream since childhood. able human resource. However, the differences in Thanks to Hollywood and the media, these people culture and language present significant barriers come to us with great images and expectations of the which impede the successful integration of Hispanics U.S. and what life here is like. Unfortunately these into the workforce. If these barriers are not preconceptions do not adequately prepare them for adequately addressed, employers can expect 1 living in a foreign land with a different language, persistent problems with safety, quality, and strange customs and laws. Trying to adapt to life in productivity which can negate virtually any other the U.S. can be overwhelming, especially for young competitive advantage they may have. undereducated Latin Americans, who often leave behind all the people that they love and the culture Many American supervisors working with Hispanics that they know to live and work among Americans on a daily basis find this group to be very hard who are often unappreciative of them. working and dependable. But many supervisors lack an adequate understanding of these newcomers to Often working long hours at low wages in jobs that effectively manage them. While typically appreciating many Americans avoid, Hispanic laborers seek the contribution their Spanish-speaking employees comfort and community at the end of the day, make, some supervisors are frustrated with the returning to barrios in which Spanish is the only challenges they bring. “Why don’t they learn English? language spoken, and where multiple families live They’re in OUR country!” Statements like this are not together humbly in small apartments to save enough uncommon coming from supervisors who do not fully money to send a few dollars to loved ones across the understand the situation of their Hispanic employees. border. Many come with the idea to earn enough Supervisors must realize that it is incumbent upon money to pay off debts and one day return to their them, as leaders, to take the steps necessary to insure native lands to be with their families. For others, their workplace is productive and efficient. As leaders being separated from husbands, wives and children is they must reach out to their employees, be pro-active, too much to bear; so they reunite, joining each other and insure that the people who are responsible for here in the United States, and face the challenges of making the product have the training, tools and bringing up their children in a strange land, often with information they need to be successful. This attitude is the first essential element in breaking down Acculturation is the process whereby an individual barriers in the workplace and creating a productive from one culture adapts themselves to a new efficient multicultural work environment. culture2. During this processes an immigrant will absorb, to some degree, the surrounding cultures The materials contained in this resource are designed language, values, attitudes, and behavioral patterns. to assist supervisors in understanding the similarities Some immigrants stay in close contact with people and commonalties that characterize a very large group from their countries of origin and remain isolated of people that comprise the Hispanic ethnic group; from mainstream U.S. society, perhaps only going how their culture, perspectives, and behaviors differ directly from home to work and back. These people significantly from non-Hispanics; and, how these are likely to remain at lower levels of acculturation. differences may affect the workplace. Others take on the challenge of integration and make a concerted effort to learn the new culture and lan- Generalization guage and are therefore more likely to acculturate at a It is important to recognize that when discussing the faster pace. Hispanics at high levels of acculturation characteristics of any group that it will be necessary to will behave differently than people at lower levels; generalize. Hispanics are a very diverse group of therefore, acculturation is an important factor to people from many different countries and subcultures. consider when integrating them into the workforce. The individuals you encounter in the workplace will vary significantly depending on a number of factors: Hispanic vs. Latino • Country and region of origin The word Hispanic is a word used to describe people • Level of education from or descending from Spanish-speaking countries.3 • Socio-economic level This includes people from Spain and 19 countries in • Length of time in this country Latin America (including the U.S. Commonwealth of 2 • Age Puerto Rico) that were once a part of the Spanish • Gender Empire. This also includes Equatorial Guinea, a small • Personal experience country on the west coast of Africa for a total of 21 different countries (see Table 1). In our discussion of Hispanics we will be focusing on the common characteristics these people tend to The term Latino, in the broadest sense, refers to share: language, values, socialization and cultural people using languages derived from Latin including heritage. The use of generalization is a valuable tool Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian. in helping us to better understand and predict the In a more narrow sense, Latino refers to people from behaviors of a group of people. However, it is or descending from Latin America. Latin America is important when interacting with any group, to broadly defined as the entire-western hemisphere consider each person as an individual. south of the United States, but more specifically refers to those countries of the Americas that developed An individual who has lived all his/her life in a metro- from the colonies of Spain, Portugal and France. This politan industrialized area will likely have different includes: Mexico, the Caribbean, and all countries in characteristics and mannerisms than someone from a Central and South America with the exception of rural farming community. Someone with a college Belize, Guyana, and Suriname (These countries were degree will likely have a different outlook and expec- colonized by the English and are typically treated tations of life in America than someone who never fin- differently by scholars).4 ished primary school. An immigrant who has been in the U.S. for 10 years is likely to be more acculturated than someone having only been here for 2 months. Table 1 Spanish-Speaking Countries Latin America Region: North America Central America South America Caribbean Europe Africa Country: Mexico Costa Rica Argentina Cuba Spain Equatorial Guinea El Salvador Bolivia Dominican Republic Guatemala Chile Puerto Rico* Honduras Colombia Nicaragua Ecuador Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela * Denotes U.S. Commonwealth A person from Mexico would be considered both ignorance, can be offensive to Hispanics. Therefore it 3 Hispanic and Latino. However, someone from Brazil is important to learn where your employees are from would be considered Latino but would not be and as to how they personally like to be referred. considered Hispanic because their culture and language derive from Portugal rather than Spain.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Latin(O) Americanos: Transoceanic Diasporas And
    DEBATES: GLOBAL LATIN(O) AMERICANOS Global Latin(o) Americanos: Transoceanic Diasporas and Regional Migrations by MARK OVERMYER-VELÁZQUEZ | University of Connecticut | [email protected] and ENRIQUE SEPÚLVEDA | University of Saint Joseph, Connecticut | [email protected] Human mobility is a defining characteristic By the end of the first decade of the Our use of the term “Global Latin(o) of our world today. Migrants make up one twenty-first century the contribution of Americanos” places people of Latin billion of the globe’s seven billion people— Latin America and the Caribbean to American and Caribbean origin in with approximately 214 million international migration amounted to over comparative, transnational, and global international migrants and 740 million 32 million people, or 15 percent of the perspectives with particular emphasis on internal migrants. Historic flows from the world’s international migrants. Although migrants moving to and living in non-U.S. Global South to the North have been met most have headed north of the Rio Grande destinations.5 Like its stem words, Global in equal volume by South-to-South or Rio Bravo and Miami, in the past Latin(o) Americanos is an ambiguous term movement.1 Migration directly impacts and decade Latin American and Caribbean with no specific national, ethnic, or racial shapes the lives of individuals, migrants have traveled to new signification. Yet by combining the terms communities, businesses, and local and destinations—both within the hemisphere Latina/o (traditionally, people of Latin national economies, creating systems of and to countries in Europe and Asia—at American and Caribbean origin in the socioeconomic interdependence.
    [Show full text]
  • Latino Unemployment Rate Remains the Highest at 17.6% Latina Women Are Struggling the Most from the Economic Fallout
    LATINO JOBS REPORT JUNE 2020 Latino Unemployment Rate Remains the Highest at 17.6% Latina women are struggling the most from the economic fallout LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY EMPLOYMENT LEADS GAINS, ADDING 1.2 MILLION JOBS In April, the industry lost 7.5 million jobs. Twenty-four percent of workers in the leisure and hospitality industry are Latino. INDICATORS National Latinos Employed • Working people over the age of 16, including 137.2 million 23.2 million those temporarily absent from their jobs Unemployed • Those who are available to work, trying to 21 million 5 million find a job, or expect to be called back from a layoff but are not working Civilian Labor Force 158.2 million 28.2 million • The sum of employed and unemployed people Unemployment Rate 13.3% 17.6 % • Share of the labor force that is unemployed Labor Force Participation Rate • Share of the population over the age of 16 60.8% 64.1% that is in the labor force Employment-Population Ratio • Share of the population over the age of 16 52.8% 52.8% that is working Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employment Status of the Hispanic or Latino Population by Sex and Age,” Current Population Survey, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf (accessed June 5, 2020), Table A and A-3. www.unidosus.org PAGE 1 LATINO JOBS REPORT Employment of Latinos in May 2020 The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) reported that employers added 2.5 million jobs in May, compared to 20.5 million jobs lost in April.
    [Show full text]
  • Puerto Ricans at the Dawn of the New Millennium
    puerto Ricans at the Dawn of New Millennium The Stories I Read to the Children Selected, Edited and Biographical Introduction by Lisa Sánchez González The Stories I Read to the Children documents, for the very first time, Pura Belpré’s contributions to North Puerto Ricans at American, Caribbean, and Latin American literary and library history. Thoroughly researched but clearly written, this study is scholarship that is also accessible to general readers, students, and teachers. Pura Belpré (1899-1982) is one of the most important public intellectuals in the history of the Puerto Rican diaspora. A children’s librarian, author, folklorist, translator, storyteller, and puppeteer who began her career the Dawn of the during the Harlem Renaissance and the formative decades of The New York Public Library, Belpré is also the earliest known Afro-Caribeña contributor to American literature. Soy Gilberto Gerena Valentín: New Millennium memorias de un puertorriqueño en Nueva York Edición de Carlos Rodríguez Fraticelli Gilberto Gerena Valentín es uno de los personajes claves en el desarrollo de la comunidad puertorriqueña Edwin Meléndez and Carlos Vargas-Ramos, Editors en Nueva York. Gerena Valentín participó activamente en la fundación y desarrollo de las principales organizaciones puertorriqueñas de la postguerra, incluyendo el Congreso de Pueblos, el Desfile Puertorriqueño, la Asociación Nacional Puertorriqueña de Derechos Civiles, la Fiesta Folclórica Puertorriqueña y el Proyecto Puertorriqueño de Desarrollo Comunitario. Durante este periodo también fue líder sindical y comunitario, Comisionado de Derechos Humanos y concejal de la Ciudad de Nueva York. En sus memorias, Gilberto Gerena Valentín nos lleva al centro de las continuas luchas sindicales, políticas, sociales y culturales que los puertorriqueños fraguaron en Nueva York durante el periodo de a Gran Migracíón hasta los años setenta.
    [Show full text]
  • Communicating with Hispanic/Latinos
    Building Our Understanding: Culture Insights Communicating with Hispanic/Latinos Culture is a learned system of knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people (Smith, 1966). In the broadest sense, culture includes how people think, what they do, and how they use things to sustain their lives. Cultural diversity results from the unique nature of each culture. The elements, values, and context of each culture distinguish it from all others (Beebe, Beebe, & Redmond, 2005). Hispanics in the United States includes any person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. Latinos are people of “Latin-American” descent (Webster’s 3rd International Dictionary, 2002). Widespread usage of the term “Hispanic” dates back to the 1970s, when the Census asked individuals to self-identify as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central/South American or “other Hispanic.” While the terms Hispanic and Latino are used interchangeably, they do have different connotations. The Latino National Survey (2006) found that 35% of respondents preferred the term “Hispanic,” whereas 13.4% preferred the term “Latino.” More than 32% of respondents said either term was acceptable, and 18.1% indicated they did not care (Fraga et al., 2006). Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino may be of any race (Black/African-American, White/Caucasian, Asian, and Native American) or mixed race.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Veteranos—Latinos in WWII
    Los Veteranos—Latinos in WWII Over 500,000 Latinos (including 350,000 Mexican Americans and 53,000 Puerto Ricans) served in WWII. Exact numbers are difficult because, with the exception of the 65th Infantry Regiment from Puerto Rico, Latinos were not segregated into separate units, as African Americans were. When war was declared on December 8, 1941, thousands of Latinos were among those that rushed to enlist. Latinos served with distinction throughout Europe, in the Pacific Theater, North Africa, the Aleutians and the Mediterranean. Among other honors earned, thirteen Medals of Honor were awarded to Latinos for service during WWII. In the Pacific Theater, the 158th Regimental Combat Team, of which a large percentage was Latino and Native American, fought in New Guinea and the Philippines. They so impressed General MacArthur that he called them “the greatest fighting combat team ever deployed in battle.” Latino soldiers were of particular aid in the defense of the Philippines. Their fluency in Spanish was invaluable when serving with Spanish speaking Filipinos. These same soldiers were part of the infamous “Bataan Death March.” On Saipan, Marine PFC Guy Gabaldon, a Mexican-American from East Los Angeles who had learned Japanese in his ethnically diverse neighborhood, captured 1,500 Japanese soldiers, earning him the nickname, the “Pied Piper of Saipan.” In the European Theater, Latino soldiers from the 36th Infantry Division from Texas were among the first soldiers to land on Italian soil and suffered heavy casualties crossing the Rapido River at Cassino. The 88th Infantry Division (with draftees from Southwestern states) was ranked in the top 10 for combat effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish, French, Dutch, Andamerican Patriots of Thb West Indies During
    Spanish, French, Dutch, andAmerican Patriots of thb West Indies i# During the AMERICAN Revolution PART7 SPANISH BORDERLAND STUDIES By Granvil~ W. andN. C. Hough -~ ,~~~.'.i~:~ " :~, ~i " .... - ~ ,~ ~"~" ..... "~,~~'~~'-~ ,%v t-5.._. / © Copyright ,i. "; 2001 ~(1 ~,'~': .i: • by '!!|fi:l~: r!;.~:! Granville W. and N. C. Hough 3438 Bahia Blanca West, Apt B ~.l.-c • Laguna Hills, CA 92653-2830 !LI.'.. Email: gwhough(~earthiink.net u~ "~: .. ' ?-' ,, i.. Other books in this series include: • ...~ , Svain's California Patriots in its 1779-1783 War with England - During the.American Revolution, Part 1, 1998. ,. Sp~fin's Califomi0 Patriqts in its 1779-1783 Wor with Englgnd - During the American Revolution, Part 2, :999. Spain's Arizona Patriots in ire |779-1783 War with Engl~n~i - During the Amcricgn RevolutiQn, Third Study of the Spanish Borderlands, 1999. Svaln's New Mexico Patriots in its 1779-|783 Wit" wi~ England- During the American Revolution, Fourth Study of the Spanish Borderlands, 1999. Spain's Texa~ patriot~ in its 1779-1783 War with Enaland - Daring the A~a~ri~n Revolution, Fifth Study of the Spanish Borderlands, 2000. Spain's Louisi~a Patriots in its; 1779-1783 War witil England - During.the American Revolution, Sixth StUdy of the Spanish Borderlands, 20(~0. ./ / . Svain's Patriots of Northerrt New Svain - From South of the U. S. Border - in its 1779- 1783 War with Engl~nd_ Eighth Study of the Spanish Borderlands, coming soon. ,:.Z ~JI ,. Published by: SHHAK PRESS ~'~"'. ~ ~i~: :~ .~:,: .. Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research ~.,~.,:" P.O. Box 490 Midway City, CA 92655-0490 (714) 894-8161 ~, ~)it.,I ,.
    [Show full text]
  • Hispanic/Latino American Older Adults
    Ethno MEd Health and Health Care of Hispanic/Latino American Older Adults http://geriatrics.stanford.edu/ethnomed/latino Course Director and Editor in Chief: VJ Periyakoil, Md Stanford University School of Medicine [email protected] 650-493-5000 x66209 http://geriatrics.stanford.edu Authors: Melissa talamantes, MS University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio Sandra Sanchez-Reilly, Md, AGSF GRECC South Texas Veterans Health Care System; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio eCampus Geriatrics IN THE DIVISION OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE http://geriatrics.stanford.edu © 2010 eCampus Geriatrics eCampus Geriatrics hispanic/latino american older adults | pg 2 CONTENTS Description 3 Culturally Appropriate Geriatric Care: Learning Resources: Learning Objectives 4 Fund of Knowledge 28 Instructional Strategies 49 Topics— Topics— Introduction & Overview 5 Historical Background, Assignments 49 Topics— Mexican American 28 Case Studies— Terminology, Puerto Rican, Communication U.S. Census Definitions 5 Cuban American, & Language, Geographic Distribution 6 Cultural Traditions, Case of Mr. M 50 Population Size and Trends 7 Beliefs & Values 29 Depression, Gender, Marital Status & Acculturation 31 Case of Mrs. R 51 Living Arrangements 11 Culturally Appropriate Geriatric Care: Espiritismo, Language, Literacy Case of Mrs. J 52 & Education 13 Assessment 32 Topics— Ethical Issues, Employment, End-of-Life Communication 33 Case of Mr. B 53 Income & Retirement 16 Background Information, Hospice, Eliciting Patients’ Perception
    [Show full text]
  • The State of Latinos in Higher Education in California
    The StateLatinos of Higher Educationin in California The economic and social imperative for advancing Latino college achievement NOVEMBER 2013 The economic and social imperative for advancing Latino college achievement he Latino population in California is large, growing dynamics of California today. California needs to get to work. rapidly, and on its way to attaining majority status in It needs to develop a workforce that is prepared and that will Tless than 40 years.1 However, Latino college-degree strengthen our economy. attainment is low, despite a significant increase in college- going rates. But, as the Campaign for College Opportunity has found in this report, which is part of a new series on the State of Great promise, but far from being kept Higher Education in California, we are on track to produce a generation of young people less educated than our older In 2012, seven out of 10 Latino high school graduates in the population. The principal reason is that one of the largest and U.S. enrolled in college, a rate higher than that of their White fastest growing segments of our population—native-born and counterparts, according to a Pew Research Center study.2 immigrant Latinos—has unacceptably low rates of college Research also has consistently confirmed that despite low completion. educational attainment among Latinos, Latino parents have high The state of educational attainment for Latinos in California educational aspirations for their raises questions about equity and fairness in our society, but children and believe that a college on a practical dollars-and-cents level, it also raises concerns education is critical to their future about our collective future and the strength of our economy success.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruling America's Colonies: the Insular Cases Juan R
    YALE LAW & POLICY REVIEW Ruling America's Colonies: The Insular Cases Juan R. Torruella* INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 58 I. THE HISTORICAL BACKDROP TO THE INSULAR CASES..................................-59 11. THE INSULAR CASES ARE DECIDED ......................................... 65 III. LIFE AFTER THE INSULAR CASES.......................... .................. 74 A. Colonialism 1o ......................................................... 74 B. The Grinding Stone Keeps Grinding........... ....... ......................... 74 C. The Jones Act of 1917, U.S. Citizenship, and President Taft ................. 75 D. The Jones Act of 1917, U.S. Citizenship, and ChiefJustice Taft ............ 77 E. Local Self-Government v. Colonial Status...........................79 IV. WHY THE UNITED STATES-PUERTO Rico RELATIONSHIP IS COLONIAL...... 81 A. The PoliticalManifestations of Puerto Rico's Colonial Relationship.......82 B. The Economic Manifestationsof Puerto Rico's ColonialRelationship.....82 C. The Cultural Manifestationsof Puerto Rico's Colonial Relationship.......89 V. THE COLONIAL STATUS OF PUERTO Rico Is UNAUTHORIZED BY THE CONSTITUTION AND CONTRAVENES THE LAW OF THE LAND AS MANIFESTED IN BINDING TREATIES ENTERED INTO BY THE UNITED STATES ............................................................. 92 CONCLUSION .................................................................... 94 * Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. The substance of this Article was presented in
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Afro-Latin@? Examining the Social Construction of Race and Négritude in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Social Education 81(1), pp 37–42 ©2017 National Council for the Social Studies Teaching and Learning African American History Who is Afro-Latin@? Examining the Social Construction of Race and Négritude in Latin America and the Caribbean Christopher L. Busey and Bárbara C. Cruz By the 1930s the négritude ideological movement, which fostered a pride and conscious- The rejection of négritude is not a ness of African heritage, gained prominence and acceptance among black intellectuals phenomenon unique to the Dominican in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. While embraced by many, some of African Republic, as many Latin American coun- descent rejected the philosophy, despite evident historical and cultural markers. Such tries and their respective social and polit- was the case of Rafael Trujillo, who had assumed power in the Dominican Republic ical institutions grapple with issues of in 1930. Trujillo, a dark-skinned Dominican whose grandmother was Haitian, used race and racism.5 For example, in Mexico, light-colored pancake make-up to appear whiter. He literally had his family history African descended Mexicans are socially rewritten and “whitewashed,” once he took power of the island nation. Beyond efforts isolated and negatively depicted in main- to alter his personal appearance and recast his own history, Trujillo also took extreme stream media, while socio-politically, for measures to erase blackness in Dominican society during his 31 years of dictatorial the first time in the country’s history the rule. On a national level, Trujillo promoted
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing the Basque Diaspora
    COMPARING THE BASQUE DIASPORA: Ethnonationalism, transnationalism and identity maintenance in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Peru, the United States of America, and Uruguay by Gloria Pilar Totoricagiiena Thesis submitted in partial requirement for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2000 1 UMI Number: U145019 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U145019 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Theses, F 7877 7S/^S| Acknowledgments I would like to gratefully acknowledge the supervision of Professor Brendan O’Leary, whose expertise in ethnonationalism attracted me to the LSE and whose careful comments guided me through the writing of this thesis; advising by Dr. Erik Ringmar at the LSE, and my indebtedness to mentor, Professor Gregory A. Raymond, specialist in international relations and conflict resolution at Boise State University, and his nearly twenty years of inspiration and faith in my academic abilities. Fellowships from the American Association of University Women, Euskal Fundazioa, and Eusko Jaurlaritza contributed to the financial requirements of this international travel.
    [Show full text]
  • We the American...Hispanics
    WE-2R e the American... Hispanics Issued September 1993 U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Acknowledgments This report was prepared by staff of the Ethnic and Hispanic Statistics Branch under the supervisionJorge ofdel Pinal. General direction was providedSusan by J. Lapham, Population Division. The contents of the report were reviewed byJanice Valdisera andMichael Levin, Population Division, and Paula Coupe andDwight Johnson, Public Information Office. Marie Pees, Population Division, provided computer programming support. Debra Niner andMary Kennedy, Population Division, provided review assistance. Alfredo Navarro, Decennial Statistical Studies Division provided sampling review. The staff of Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, performed publication planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement.Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing.Theodora Forgione provided table design and composition services.Kim Blackwell provided design and graphics services.Diane Oliff–Michael coordinated printing services. e, the American Hispanics Introduction We, the American Hispanics traceWe have not always appeared in the our origin or descent to Spaincensus or to as a separate ethnic group. Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and In 1930, Mexicans" were counted many other SpanishĆspeaking counĆand in 1940, persons of Spanish tries of Latin America. Our ancesĆmother tongue" were reported. In tors were among the early explorers1950 and 1960, persons of Spanish and settlers of the New World.surname" In were reported. The 1970 1609, 11 years before the Pilgrimscensus asked persons about their landed at Plymouth Rock, our MestiĆorigin," and respondents could zo (Indian and Spanish) ancestorschoose among several Hispanic oriĆ settled in what is now Santa Fe,gins listed on the questionnaire.
    [Show full text]