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We the American...Hispanics

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WE-2R e the American... Hispanics Issued September 1993 U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Acknowledgments This report was prepared by staff of the Ethnic and Hispanic Statistics Branch under the supervisionJorge ofdel Pinal. General direction was providedSusan by J. Lapham, Population Division. The contents of the report were reviewed byJanice Valdisera andMichael Levin, Population Division, and Paula Coupe andDwight Johnson, Public Information Office. Marie Pees, Population Division, provided computer programming support. Debra Niner andMary Kennedy, Population Division, provided review assistance. Alfredo Navarro, Decennial Statistical Studies Division provided sampling review. The staff of Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, performed publication planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement.Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing.Theodora Forgione provided table design and composition services.Kim Blackwell provided design and graphics services.Diane Oliff–Michael coordinated printing services. e, the American Hispanics Introduction We, the American Hispanics traceWe have not always appeared in the our origin or descent to Spaincensus or to as a separate ethnic group. Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and In 1930, Mexicans" were counted many other SpanishĆspeaking counĆand in 1940, persons of Spanish tries of Latin America. Our ancesĆmother tongue" were reported. In tors were among the early explorers1950 and 1960, persons of Spanish and settlers of the New World.surname" In were reported. The 1970 1609, 11 years before the Pilgrimscensus asked persons about their landed at Plymouth Rock, our MestiĆorigin," and respondents could zo (Indian and Spanish) ancestorschoose among several Hispanic oriĆ settled in what is now Santa Fe,gins listed on the questionnaire. In New Mexico. 1980 and 1990, persons of SpanĆ ish/Hispanic" origin reported as Several historical events also Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or shaped our presence in America:other Hispanic." The 1990 census the Louisiana Purchase, admissiontabulated information for about 30 of Florida and Texas into theadditional Union, HispanicĆorigin groups. the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the MexicanĆAmerican War, the SpanishĆAmerican War,Because the of our increasing diversity, Mexican Revolution, labor shortagesthe Census Bureau presents social during World War I and Worldand War economic II, characteristics for the Cuban Revolution, and politicalspecific HispanicĆorigin groups such instability in Central and South as Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban. America in the recent past. AlĆThis report represents a fraction of though our common ancestry the wealth of information available and language bind us, we arefrom the Bureau of the Census on quite diverse. Hispanic Americans. 1 We are a large, fast growing segmentFigure of 1. the Nation's population. Hispanic Population: 1930 to 2050 Census (Millions. Middle series projections) Projections Since 1930, some segments of the Hispanic population have been counted in the census. In 1930, 1.3 million Mexicans" were reported. In 80.7 1950, 2.3 million persons of Spanish surname" were reported, and in 1970, 9.1 million persons of 70.0 Spanish" origin were reported. 59.2 In 1990, there were 22.4 million Hispanics in the United States, almost 9 percent of the Nation's 49.0 nearly 250 million people. The Hispanic populaĆ tion in 1990 was slightly less than the entire U.S. 39.3 population in 1850. 30.6 The Census Bureau's 1992 middle series projecĆ 24.1 tions suggest rapid growth may continue into the 22.4 20th century. The population could rise from 14.6 24 million in 1992 to 31 million by the year 2000, 59 million by 2030, and 81 million by 2050. 9.1 3.5 1.3 1.6 2.3 19301940195019601970198019901992200020102020203020402050 Note: Data for 1930 include only Mexicans," data for 1940 include Our population grew over 7 times as persons of Spanish mother tongue," and data for 1950 and 1960 include persons of Spanish surname." fast as the rest of the Nation between 1980 and 1990. Figure 2. Hispanic Population 1980 to 1990 The Hispanic population grew by 53 percent Growth: 1970 to 1990 1970 to 1980 between 1980 and 1990 and by 61 percent beĆ (Percent) tween 1970 and 1980. Several factors contribĆ 6.8 uted to the tremendous increase in the HispanicNon-Hispanic population since 1970. Among them are a higher 9.1 birth rate than the rest of the population and substantial immigration from Mexico, Central 53.0 Hispanic America, the Caribbean, and South America. 61.0 The Mexican population nearly doubled 54.4 Mexican between 1970 and 1980, and nearly doubled 92.8 again by 1990. 35.4 Puerto Rican Both the Cuban and Puerto Rican populations 40.9 grew at a rate at least four times as fast as the rest of the Nation. 30.0 Cuban 47.5 Other Hispanic populations grew dramatically 66.7 between 1980 and 1990, partly as a resultOther of theHispanic large influx of Central and South American immiĆ 18.9 grants during this time period. 2 We are concentrated in a small number Figure 3. of States, mostly in the South and West. Hispanic Population for Selected States: 1990 In 1990, nearly 9 of every 10 Hispanics lived in (Percent distribution) just 10 States. The four States with the largest proportion of Hispanics were California, Texas, New York, and Florida. All other States 13.0 California 34.4 The remaining States with significant proportionsMassachusetts 1.3 of Hispanics were Illinois, New Jersey, Arizona, Colorado 1.9 New Mexico, Colorado, and Massachusetts. New Mexico 2.6 Arizona 3.1 Most Hispanics lived in the Southwestern New Jersey 3.3 States of the Nation: New Mexico, California, Illinois 4.0 Texas, and Arizona. Florida 7.0 Nearly 40 percent of New Mexican residents were Hispanic, and about 26 percent of CaliforniaNew York 9.9 Texas 19.4 and Texas residents were Hispanic. Nearly 20 percent of Arizona residents were Hispanic. More than 10 percent of the residents of Colorado, New York, Florida, and Nevada were Hispanic. Figure 4. AK Hispanic Population: 1990 3.2 (Percent of State) NH WA 1.0 4.4 VT ME MT ND 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.6 OR MN MA 4.8 4.0 1.2 NY ID SD WI 12.3 RI 5.3 WY 0.8 1.9 MI 4.6 5.7 2.2 PA NJ CT NE IA OH 2.0 9.6 6.5 NV 2.3 1.2 IL IN 1.3 DE 10.4 UT WV CO 7.9 1.8 VA 2.4 4.9 0.5 CA 12.9 KS MO KY 2.6 MD DC 25.8 3.8 0.6 2.6 1.2 NC 5.4 TN 1.2 OK 0.7 AZ NM 2.7 AR SC 18.8 38.2 0.8 0.9 HI GA MS AL 7.3 1.7 LA 0.6 0.6 TX 2.2 25.5 18.0 and over FL 9.0 to 17.9 12.2 1.0 to 8.9 Less than 1.0 3 We come from many Figure 5. different origins. Central Other Central Hispanic Population by Type American American 2.1 of Origin: 1990 In 1990, Mexicans were the Costa Rican 4.3 largest Hispanic group, repreĆ(Percent) Panamanian 7.0 Honduran 9.9 senting about 61 percent of Nicaraguan 15.3 the 22.3 million Hispanics. Puerto Guatemalan 20.3 Puerto Ricans were the seĆMexican Rican 12.1 61.2 cond largest group, about Cuban 4.8 12 percent; and Cubans were Dominican 2.4 Salvadoran 42.7 about 5 percent of the HispanĆ Other Hispanic 3.9 ic population. Spaniard1 4.4 South American Central Americans repreĆ Central Other South American 6.0 American 11.7 sented about 6 percent of the South total Hispanic population. Chilean 6.6 American 4.7 Argentinean 9.7 However, of the Central AmeriĆ cans, about 43 percent were Peruvian 16.9 Salvadoran, 20 percent were Guatemalan, and Ecuadorian 18.5 about 15 percent were Nicaraguan. South Americans represented nearly 5 percent Colombian 36.6 of the Hispanic population. Of the South AmeriĆ cans, 37 percent were Colombian, 19 percent 1Includes those who were Ecuadorian, and 17 percent were Peruvian. reported Spanish." Dominicans, Spaniards, and other Hispanics each were over 2 percent of the Hispanic population.Figure 6. Age of the Population: 1990 (Percent) Our population has a higher Hispanic Non-Hispanic proportion of young adults and children 0.4 85 years and over1.3 and fewer elderly than the nonĆ 0.6 80 to 84 years 1.7 Hispanic population. 1.0 75 to 79 years 2.6 In 1990, nearly 7 out of every 10 Hispanics were 1.3 70 to 74 years 3.4 younger than 35 years old compared with just 2.0 65 to 69 years 4.3 over 5 out of every 10 nonĆHispanics. 2.5 60 to 64 years 4.4 2.9 55 to 59 years 4.4 Among the elderly, about 5 percent of 3.4 50 to 54 years 4.7 Hispanics were 65 years old and over compared 4.3 45 to 49 years 5.7 with 13 percent of nonĆHispanics. 5.7 40 to 44 years 7.2 Nearly 40 percent of the Hispanic population was 7.4 35 to 39 years 8.1 under 20 years old, compared with 28 percent9.2 30 to 34 years 8.7 of the nonĆHispanic population. This reflects10.5 a 25 to 29 years 8.4 relatively high fertility rate among Hispanics who10.3 20 to 24 years 7.4 have recently immigrated. 9.2 15 to 19 years 6.9 9.0 10 to 14 years 6.7 9.8 5 to 9 years 7.0 10.7 Under 5 years 7.1 4 We made great strides in educational Figure 7.
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