The Holocaust in Court: History, Memory & the Law
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Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: from Impunity to Retributive Justice*
The Historical and Legal Interconnections Between the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: From Impunity to Retributive Justice* Vahakn N. Dadrian I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 504 II. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND AFTERMATH OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE ............... 507 A. Outlines of the Problem .......................................................................... 507 B. Conflict in the U.S. Government Regarding the Lausanne Treaty ........................ 511 M. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF THE TwO CASES ........................................................... 517 A. The Historical Vulnerability of the Jews and Armenians to Victimization ............... 517 B. The Factorsof Power and Opportunity........................................................ 519 C. Strategiesfor Taking Advantage of the Opportunity Structure ............................ 521 1. The Use of Wartime Emergency Powers by the Executive ......................... 521 2. The Role of PoliticalParties ........................................................... 524 3. Trial Balloons ............................................................................. 529 IV. THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AS A PRECEDENT AND A PRECURSOR OF THE HOLOCAUST ........... 531 A. Nazi Germany's Knowledge of the Fate of the Armenians ................................. 532 B. Hitler'sAppreciation of the Armenian Genocide............................................. 537 C. The Legacy of Genghis Kum as a Functional -
2.3 Holocaust Denial
nm u Ottawa L'Universite eanadienne Canada's university mn FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES 1=^1 FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND ET POSTOCTORALES U Ottawa POSDOCTORAL STUDIES L'Universite eanadienne Canada's university Johny-Angel Butera AUTEUR DE LA THESE / AUTHOR OF THESIS M.A. (Criminology) GRADE/DEGREE Department of Criminology FACULTE, ECOLE, DEPARTEMENT / FACULTY, SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT Genocide Denial on the Internet: The Cases of Armenia and Rwanda TITRE DE LA THESE / TITLE OF THESIS Maritza Felices-Luna DIRECTEUR (DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS SUPERVISOR CO-DIRECTEUR (CO-DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE /THESIS CO-SUPERVISOR Daniel dos Santos Valerie Steeves Gary W. Slater Le Doyen de la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales / Dean of the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies GENOCIDE DENIAL ON THE INTERNET: THE CASES OF ARMENIA AND RWANDA Johny-Angel Butera Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the MA degree in Criminology Department of Criminology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ottawa © Johny-Angel Butera, Ottawa, Canada, 2010 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre r&terence ISBN: 978-0-494-73798-9 Our file Notre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-73798-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license -
Holocaust, Denial of The
Holocaust, Denial of the Claims that the mass extermination of the Jews by the Nazis never happened; that the number of Jewish losses has been greatly exaggerated; that the Holocaust was not systematic nor a result of an official policy; or simply that the Holocaust never took place. Clearly absurd claims of this kind have been made by Nazis, neo-Nazis, pseudo-historians called "revisionists," and the uneducated and uninformed who do not want to or cannot believe that such a huge atrocity could actually have occurred. Holocaust denial was attempted even before World War II ended, despite the obvious evidence at hand. The Nazis who carried out the “Final Solution”—the extermination of European Jewry—used euphemistic language like the terms "Final Solution" and "special treatment" rather than gassing, annihilation, and killing, in order to conceal their murderous activities from the world. During the last two years of the war, Sonderkommando units, put to work in a secret program called Aktion 1005, were charged with digging up mass graves and burning the corpses. Again, the Nazis' purpose was to hide all evidence of their activities. In the present day, more than 50 years later, there are still some people who either completely reject the notion that the Holocaust happened or say that the Holocaust was not as widespread as it actually was. "Revisionist historians" and other pseudo-scholars are active in much of the world. In 1978 a revisionist group in California established the Institute for Historical Review. The group, which claims to be scholarly, publishes the Journal of Historical Review and holds international conferences. -
Denial: Holocaust History on Trial Free
FREE DENIAL: HOLOCAUST HISTORY ON TRIAL PDF Deborah E. Lipstadt | 400 pages | 12 Jan 2017 | HarperCollins Publishers Inc | 9780062659651 | English | New York, United States Denial: Holocaust History on Trial by Deborah E. Lipstadt, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® He sued her for defamation in the high court, alleging, correctly enough, that what she had written damaged his reputation as a popular writer on Nazi Germany and the Second World War. Moreover, I had to swear in court that I had written my report objectively and without any fear or favour, and sign an affidavit to the same effect. Together with my team of researchers, I discovered a huge number of manipulations and falsifications of the historical record in his work, with words inserted into or taken out of documents where they were not present in the original, mistranslations, mistranscriptions, misdatings and much more besides. But the effect was anything but random, indicating that the mistakes were deliberate and not accidental. All of this can Denial: Holocaust History on Trial read in the transcripts of the trial, available online, and in my book Telling Lies About Hitler Verso, The case received massive and worldwide publicity and became the subject of several books apart from my own. It had a powerful educative effect, as all the newspapers carried detailed reports of the factual aspects of the Holocaust, Auschwitz, the gas chambers and the role of Hitler in ordering the extermination of the Jews. That got his attention. He got up and I explained who I was. He remembered the occasion. Not long after this, Ridley Scott started to Denial: Holocaust History on Trial together a movie on the case, commissioning the playwright Ronald Harwood to write a screenplay. -
Le Négationnisme En France*
CHRONIQUES DE LA RECHERCHE LE NÉGATIONNISME EN FRANCE* Gisèle SAPIRO Est-ce en raison de sa propension à usurper les signes distinctifs de la démarche scientifique, à savoir le doute envers les dogmes, l’esprit critique, la vérification ? La secte « révisionniste », qu’on préfère désormais désigner par l’appellation plus spécifique de « négationniste », puisque son « révisionnisme » tient dans la négation de l’existence de chambres à gaz destinées à l’extermination d’une partie de la population déportée dans les camps de concentration nazis, a retenu l’attention de nombre d’historiens, et ce en dépit de sa marginalité 1. Dès sa médiatisation à la fin des années 1970, l’entreprise négationniste suscita en effet une série de répliques, dont celles, pionnières, de Georges Wellers 2, directeur du Centre de documentation juive contemporaine (CDJC), en 1979, puis, l’année suivante, de Nadine Fresco 3 et de Pierre Vidal-Naquet 4 respectivement dans Les Temps modernes et dans Esprit, suivies d’un essai d’Alain Finkielkraut 5. En 1987, l’historien Pierre Vidal-Naquet réunissait les articles qu’il avait publiés depuis sept ans sur le phénomène néga- tionniste dans un volume intitulé Les Assassins de la mémoire 6, qui devint aussitôt le livre de référence sur la question. Aux réfutations « à chaud » succèdent à présent des études plus approfondies sur la genèse et la diffusion de « l’idée » négation- niste en France, ainsi que sur la spécificité française que constitue son ancrage partiel dans les milieux d’extrême gauche. Alors que Florent Brayard et Nadine Fresco s’intéressent, à travers le personnage de Paul Rassinier, aux origines du *1. -
“Working Towards the Führer” Peter Longerich
“Working Towards the Führer” Ian Kershaw, Hitler. 1889-1936: Hubris; 1936-1945: Nemesis, London: Penguin Books 1998 and 2000, vol. I, xxx + 845 pp., illus., vol. II, xxiii + 1115 pp., illus. Reviewed by Peter Longerich Two years after the publication of the first volume (1998), Ian Kershaw has now brought his mammoth biography of Adolf Hitler to completion. With nearly 2,000 pages, this voluminous work, more than five decades after Hitler’s death, provides us with the first truly comprehensive, rigorously scholarly biography of Hitler. Kershaw, originally trained as a medievalist, pursues an approach akin to the German “structuralist” school and is well acquainted with the bitter debates that raged in the 1970s and 1980s regarding the character of the German dictatorship. His own previous research interests have centered primarily on popular opinion and the image of Hitler in the German population, as well as the historiographic debates on the key questions of the Nazi regime.1 The present book attempts to dovetail biographical and structural interpretative approaches in examining the perennial question of the individual’s power to shape history as exemplified in one of the recent past’s most powerful personalities. His work is also a noteworthy attempt to link German structural history with the British tradition of biography. Kershaw’s methodological point of departure is the Weberian concept of charismatic rule. His interest is thus less in the dictator’s personality and more in the complex of social expectations and motivations projected onto Hitler, which accounted for the “power of the Führer,” his principal concern. Consequently, the author does not blaze some path-breaking new approach; rather, he tries fruitfully to apply one of the familiar interpretations of the Nazi dictatorship to uncommon terrain. -
Brigitte Bailer-Galanda “Revisionism”1 in Germany and Austria: the Evolution of a Doctrine
www.doew.at Brigitte Bailer-Galanda “Revisionism”1 in Germany and Austria: The Evolution of a Doctrine Published in: Hermann Kurthen/Rainer Erb/Werner Bergmann (ed.), Anti-Sem- itism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification, New York–Oxford 1997 Development of “revisionism” since 1945 Most people understand so called „revisionism“ as just another word for the movement of holocaust denial (Benz 1994; Lipstadt 1993; Shapiro 1990). Therefore it was suggested lately to use the word „negationism“ instead. How- ever in the author‘s point of view „revisionism“ covers some more topics than just the denying of the National Socialist mass murders. Especially in Germany and Austria there are some more points of National Socialist politics some people have tried to minimize or apologize since 1945, e. g. the responsibility for World War II, the attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 (quite a modern topic), (the discussion) about the number of the victims of the holocaust a. s. o.. In the seventies the late historian Martin Broszat already called that movement „run- ning amok against reality“ (Broszat 1976). These pseudo-historical writers, many of them just right wing extremist publishers or people who quite rapidly turned to right wing extremists, really try to prove that history has not taken place, just as if they were able to make events undone by denying them. A conception of “negationism” (Auerbach 1993a; Fromm and Kernbach 1994, p. 9; Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz 1994) or “holocaust denial” (Lipstadt 1993, p. 20) would neglect the additional components of “revision- ism”, which are logically connected with the denying of the holocaust, this being the extreme variant. -
The RAMPART JOURNAL of Individualist Thought Is Published Quarterly (Maj'ch, June, September and December) by Rampart College
The Wisdom of "Hindsight" by Read Bain I On the Importance of Revisionism for Our Time by Murray N. Rothbard 3 Revisionism: A Key to Peace by llarry Elmer Barnes 8 Rising Germanophohia: The Chief Oh~~tacle to Current World War II Revisionism by Michael F. Connors 75 Revisionism and the Cold War, 1946-1~)66: Some Comments on Its Origins and Consequences by James J. Martin 91 Departments: Onthe Other Hand by Robert Lf.~Fevre 114 V01. II, No. 1 SPRING., 1966 RAMPART JOURNAL of Individualist Thought Editor .. _. __ . .__ _ __ .. __ _. Ruth Dazey Director of Publications - ---.- .. J. Dohn Lewis Published by Pine Tree Press for RAMPART COLLEGE Box 158 Larkspur, Colorado 80118 President -----------------.------------------ William J. Froh Dean . .. .__ ._ Robert LeFevre Board of Academic Advisers Robert L. Cunningham, Ph.D. Bruno Leoni, Ph.D. University of San Francisco University of Pavia San Francisco, California Turin, Italy Arthur A. Ekirch, Ph.D~ James J. Martin, Ph.D. State University of New York Rampart College Graduate School Albany, New York Larkspur, Colorado Georg. Frostenson, Ph.D. Ludwig von Mises, Ph.D. Sollentuna, Sweden New York University New York, New York J. P. Hamilius, Jr., Ph.D. Toshio Murata, M.B.A. College of Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg Kanto Gakuin University Yokohama, Japan F. A. Harper, Ph.D. Wm. A. Paton, Ph.D. Institute for Humane Studies University of Michigan Stanford, California Ann Arbor, Michigan F. A. von Hayek, Ph.D. Sylvester Petro, Ll.M. University of Freiburg New York University Freiburg, Germany New York, New York W. -
Hitler's American Model
Hitler’s American Model The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law James Q. Whitman Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford 1 Introduction This jurisprudence would suit us perfectly, with a single exception. Over there they have in mind, practically speaking, only coloreds and half-coloreds, which includes mestizos and mulattoes; but the Jews, who are also of interest to us, are not reckoned among the coloreds. —Roland Freisler, June 5, 1934 On June 5, 1934, about a year and a half after Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of the Reich, the leading lawyers of Nazi Germany gathered at a meeting to plan what would become the Nuremberg Laws, the notorious anti-Jewish legislation of the Nazi race regime. The meeting was chaired by Franz Gürtner, the Reich Minister of Justice, and attended by officials who in the coming years would play central roles in the persecution of Germany’s Jews. Among those present was Bernhard Lösener, one of the principal draftsmen of the Nuremberg Laws; and the terrifying Roland Freisler, later President of the Nazi People’s Court and a man whose name has endured as a byword for twentieth-century judicial savagery. The meeting was an important one, and a stenographer was present to record a verbatim transcript, to be preserved by the ever-diligent Nazi bureaucracy as a record of a crucial moment in the creation of the new race regime. That transcript reveals the startling fact that is my point of departure in this study: the meeting involved detailed and lengthy discussions of the law of the United States. -
Holocaust Denial and the Left
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-12786-8 - Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust: Three Essays on Denial, Forgetting, and the Delegitimation of Israel Elhanan Yakira Excerpt More information 1 Holocaust Denial and the Left A True Story, Some Facts, and A Bit of Commentary A number of years ago, I was fortunate – or unfortunate – enough to have a unique encounter. In a Paris drenched with summer sun, under circum- stances that justify the cliché about reality being stranger than fiction, I hap- pened to speak for five or six hours with an enterprising individual named Pierre Guillaume. Assuming that many of my readers have not heard of him, I had better say a few words about him. When I met him, Guillaume was run- ning a bookstore and publishing house with the interesting name La Vieille Taupe (The Old Mole). Not far from the Pantheon, the burial place of the great figures of the French republic, this institution, which opened and closed and opened again over a period of many years and now no longer exists, was the principal power base of Holocaust denial in France.1 From the late 1960s to the 1990s, Guillaume, his bookstore, and publishing house were the main focus of the activities of the Holocaust deniers. The 1970s and 1980s were their heyday, mainly by virtue of their collaboration with the Lyon literary scholar Robert Faurisson, the best known of the French Holocaust deniers, whose writings La Vieille Taupe published. As a result of that conversation, a nd t h a n k s to t he go o d of fi c e s of M r. -
England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Irving V
[Home ] [ Databases ] [ World Law ] [Multidatabase Search ] [ Help ] [ Feedback ] England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> England and Wales High Court (Queen's Bench Division) Decisions >> Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstat [2000] EWHC QB 115 (11th April, 2000) URL: http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2000/115.html Cite as: [2000] EWHC QB 115 [New search ] [ Help ] Irving v. Penguin Books Limited, Deborah E. Lipstat [2000] EWHC QB 115 (11th April, 2000) 1996 -I- 1113 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION Before: The Hon. Mr. Justice Gray B E T W E E N: DAVID JOHN CADWELL IRVING Claimant -and- PENGUIN BOOKS LIMITED 1st Defendant DEBORAH E. LIPSTADT 2nd Defendant MR. DAVID IRVING (appered in person). MR. RICHARD RAMPTON QC (instructed by Messrs Davenport Lyons and Mishcon de Reya) appeared on behalf of the first and second Defendants. MISS HEATHER ROGERS (instructed by Messrs Davenport Lyons) appeared on behalf of the first Defendant, Penguin Books Limited. MR ANTHONY JULIUS (instructed by Messrs Mishcon de Reya) appeared on behalf of the second Defendant, Deborah Lipstadt. I direct pursuant to CPR Part 39 P.D. 6.1. that no official shorthand note shall be taken of this judgment and that copies of this version as handed down may be treated as authentic. Mr. Justice Gray 11 April 2000 Index Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 A summary of the main issues 1.4 The parties II. THE WORDS COMPLAINED OF AND THEIR MEANING 2.1 The passages complained of 2.6 The issue of identification 2.9 The issue of interpretation or meaning III. -
Zbrodnie Międzynarodowe
Responsibility for negation of international crimes edited by Patrycja Grzebyk Responsibility for negation of international crimes YEARS INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE IN WARSAW Responsibility for negation of international crimes edited by Patrycja Grzebyk WYDAWNICTWO INSTYTUTU WYMIARU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI | Warszawa 2020 Współfinansowano ze środków Funduszu Sprawiedliwości, którego dysponentem jest Minister Sprawiedliwości RECENZENCI dr hab. Leszek Wieczorek, prof. Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach dr hab. Mariusz Nawrocki, prof. Uniwersytet Szczeciński TRANSLATED BY Mateusz Matuszczak EDITING Marta Mazur TYPESETTING AND COVER DESIGN Tomasz Smołka Photo by Philippe Ramakers (Unsplash) Copyright © by Instytut Wymiaru Sprawiedliwości, Warszawa 2020 ISBN 978-83-66344-43-3 WYDAWNICTWO INSTYTUTU WYMIARU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 25, 00-071 Warszawa SEKRETARIAT tel.: (22) 630-94-53, fax: (22) 630-99-24, e-mail: [email protected] BOUND AND PRINTED BY elpil, ul. Artyleryjska 11, 08-110 Siedlce Table of Contents Introduction 13 Agnieszka Bieńczyk-Missala The Causes and Consequences of Negationism 19 Causes 20 Consequences 24 Charis Papacharalambous Incrimination of Negationism: Doctrinal and Law-Philosophical Implications 31 1. Introduction 31 2. Criminal Law Theory 32 3. Law-philosophical implications 35 3.1. On criminal law meta-theory 35 3.2. Theorizing on ethics and justice 37 Piergiuseppe Parisi The Obligation to Criminalise Historical Denialism in a Multilevel Human Rights System 41 Introduction 41 1. Does general international law provide for an obligation to criminalise denialism? 42 1.1. Freedom of speech and possible limitations under international human rights law 42 1.2. The case law of the UN Human Rights Committee 45 6 · Table of Contents 2. Regional Level 46 2.1.