DOCSLIB.ORG

Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 50212-001 November 2016 Proposed Policy-Based Loan Cook Islands: Disaster Resilience Program Distribution of this document is restricted until it has been approved by the Board of Directors. Following such approval, ADB will disclose the document to the public in accordance with ADB’s Public Communications Policy 2011. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 10 October 2016) Currency unit – New Zealand dollar (NZ$) NZ$1.00 = $0.7169 $1.00 = NZ$1.395 ABBREVIATIONS Cat DDO – catastrophe deferred drawdown option DRM – disaster risk management GDP – gross domestic product PBL – policy-based loan PCRAFI – Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative PFM – public financial management NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of the Cook Islands ends on 30 June. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2016 ends on 30 June 2016. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. Vice-President S. Groff, Operations 2 Director General X. Yao, Pacific Department (PARD) Director E. Veve, Urban, Social Development and Public Management Division, PARD Team leader A. Parker, Principal Social Sector Economist, PARD Team members C. Benson, Principal Disaster Risk Management Specialist, Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department (SDCC) T. Faletau, Safeguards Officer, Pacific Subregional Office, PARD D. Kuizon, Operations Assistant, PARD B. Olsson, Country Coordination Officer, Pacific Subregional Office in Suva, Fiji, PARD C. Png, Principal Counsel, Office of the General Counsel C. Tinio, Associate Economics and Statistics Analyst, PARD Peer reviewers A. Sinha Roy, Disaster Risk Management Specialist (Climate Change Adaptation), SDCC In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS Page PROGRAM AT A GLANCE I. THE PROPOSAL 1 II. THE PROGRAM 1 A. Rationale 1 B. Impact and Outcome 6 C. Outputs 6 D. Development Financing Needs 7 E. Implementation Arrangements 8 III. DUE DILIGENCE 8 A. Economic and Financial 8 B. Governance 9 C. Poverty and Social 9 D. Safeguards 9 E. Risks and Mitigating Measures 9 IV. ASSURANCES 10 V. RECOMMENDATION 10 APPENDIXES 1. Design and Monitoring Framework 11 2. List of Linked Documents 14 3. Development Policy Letter 15 4. Policy Matrix 18 Project Classification Information Status: Complete PROGRAM AT A GLANCE 1. Basic Data Project Number: 50212-001 Project Name Disaster Resilience Program Department PARD/PAUS /Division Country Cook Islands Executing Agency Ministry of Finance & Borrower Cook Islands Economic Management 2. Sector Subsector(s) ADB Financing (NZ$ million) Public sector management Public expenditure and fiscal management 13.95 Total 13.95 3. Strategic Agenda Subcomponents Climate Change Information Inclusive economic Pillar 1: Economic opportunities, including Climate Change impact on the Low growth (IEG) jobs, created and expanded Project Environmentally Disaster risk management sustainable growth (ESG) 4. Drivers of Change Components Gender Equity and Mainstreaming Governance and capacity Institutional development Some gender elements (SGE) development (GCD) Public financial governance 5. Poverty and SDG Targeting Location Impact Geographic Targeting No Nation-wide High Household Targeting No SDG Targeting Yes SDG Goals SDG13 6. Risk Categorization: Complex . 7. Safeguard Categorization Environment: C Involuntary Resettlement: C Indigenous Peoples: C . 8. Financing Modality and Sources Amount (NZ$ million) ADB 13.95 Sovereign Program loan: Ordinary capital resources 13.95 Cofinancing 0.00 None 0.00 Counterpart 0.00 None 0.00 Total 13.95 9. Effective Development Cooperation Use of country procurement systems Yes Use of country public financial management systems Yes Source: Asian Development Bank This document must only be generated in eOps. 31102016104207644167 Generated Date: 31-Oct-2016 10:45:29 AM I. THE PROPOSAL 1. I submit for your approval the following report and recommendation on a proposed policy-based loan (PBL) to the Cook Islands for the Disaster Resilience Program.1 2. The Cook Islands is located in a part of the South Pacific Ocean that is at high risk from natural hazards, particularly cyclones, tsunamis, and floods. To reduce risks from, better plan for, respond to, and recover from disasters, the country is taking important steps to improve its disaster risk management (DRM) system. The proposed program will provide the Government of the Cook Islands rapid access to financing, contingent on a disaster affecting the country.2 Funds will be used to help meet short-term, post-disaster recovery needs. To establish eligibility to access the contingent financing, the government has undertaken prior policy actions that (i) clarify and implement policy and institutional arrangements for DRM, including the capacity for post-disaster response and recovery; (ii) improve the disaster resilience of physical assets; and (iii) expand disaster risk financing. Post-program monitoring will ensure continued progress toward attaining overall program goals. II. THE PROGRAM A. Rationale 3. Development context. The Cook Islands has a resident population of about 14,974 dispersed across 15 small islands, comprising a land area of 67 square kilometers spread over 2 million square kilometers of the South Pacific Ocean; 70% of the population lives on the largest island of Rarotonga.3 The economy is well managed, tax revenues are strong, and fiscal deficits were below 2% of gross domestic product (GDP) during FY2010–FY2015. Although external debt is rising, it remains at a sustainable level (24.8% of GDP in FY2016) and is well within the government’s threshold of 35.0% of GDP.4 The country’s average economic growth in FY2010–FY2015 was 2.2% per year, driven largely by strong growth in the tourism sector, which accounts for about 60.0% of GDP.5 But this average hides annual fluctuations that have seen GDP growth vary from –2.7% to 4.8% during FY2010–FY2015, depending on changing external, trade, and investment conditions. 4. Disaster risk. The Cook Islands is highly vulnerable to disasters, and has periodically experienced major cyclones that have caused substantial economic damage and loss of life. (Tables 1 and 2). 1 The design and monitoring framework is in Appendix 1. 2 Contingent financing was previously used in Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2009. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan to the Republic of Indonesia for the Public Expenditure Support Facility Program. Manila. 3 Government of the Cook Islands, Ministry of Finance and Economic Management, Statistics Office. 2012. Cook Islands 2011 Census of Population and Dwellings: Main Report. Rarotonga. 4 A debt sustainability analysis, which ADB did based on the World Bank and International Monetary Fund template and guidelines, assumes long run growth of 2.0%, declining fiscal deficits from 0.5% to 0.1%, and inflation at 2.0% over the long term (ADB. 2016. Cook Islands: Macroeconomic Assessment. Consultant’s report. Manila [TA 8565- REG]). 5 The Cook Islands is not a member of the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank Group. In place of the International Monetary Fund’s assessment letter, a Macroeconomic Assessment Summary (accessible from the list of linked documents in Appendix 2) has been prepared based on a detailed assessment carried out by ADB at the request of the Government of the Cook Islands (ADB. 2016. Cook Islands: Macroeconomic Assessment. Consultant’s report. Manila [TA 8565-REG]). 2 Table 1: Significant Cyclones in the Cook Islands Estimated losses Estimated losses Year Cyclone Name Severitya ($ million) (% of GDP) 1987 Sally Category 2 24.6 51.6 1997 Martin Category 3 7.5 7.6 2005 Meena Category 4 10.0b 5.5 Nancy Category 4 Olaf Category 5 Percy Category 5 2010 Pat Category 2 7.8 3.2 GDP = gross domestic product. a Severity is measured following the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Cyclones above category 3 are considered major cyclones because of their potential for significant loss of life and damage. b Combined estimated losses for all four cyclones in 2005. Sources: Asian Development Bank. 2006. Draft Final Report: Strengthening Disaster Management and Mitigation (Component 2: Preventive Infrastructure Master Plan)—Volume 4: Climate Change Considerations. Consultant’s report. Manila (TA 4605-COO); and World Bank. 2015. The Cook Islands: Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance. Washington, DC. Table 2: Potential Cyclone Loss by Return Period Return period Estimated potential losses Estimated potential losses (years) ($ million) (% of GDP) 1-in-10 10.0 4.1 1-in-50 56.8 23.3 1-in-100 103.0 42.2 1-in-250 198.1 81.2 GDP = gross domestic product. Source: World Bank. 2015. The Cook Islands: Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance. Washington, DC. 5. The country’s high exposure to disaster risk is due to (i) its geographic location in the South Pacific cyclone belt; (ii) the remoteness and low-lying nature of many of its islands; and (iii) the proximity of many buildings and infrastructure services to the coast, especially on the largest island of Rarotonga. In addition, the heavy reliance on revenues from the tourism sector makes the economy vulnerable to the impact of disasters. 6. The financial resources for short-term recovery6 needed to reduce the economic and social impact of disasters through swift action are likely to be significant. However, the Government of the Cook Islands currently has few options for accessing sufficient post-disaster financing, leaving the country vulnerable to the impact of disasters. For example, in addition to the overall impact on the economy indicated in Table 1, annual GDP growth fell from 2.2% in 2004 to –1.1% in 2005, after four cyclones in early 2005, before it recovered to 5.0% in 2006.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change Sofia Bettencourt, World Bank
    Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Pacific Island Economies Sofia Bettencourt, World Bank Pacific Islands Vulnerability is Rising... Event Year Country Losses ( US$ million) Cyclone Ofa 1990 Samoa 140 Cyclone Val 1991 Samoa 300 Typhoon Omar 1992 Guam 300 Cyclone Kina 1993 Fiji 140 Cyclone Martin 1997 Cook Islands 7.5 Cyclone Hina 1997 Tonga 14.5 Drought 1997 Regional >175 Cyclone Cora 1998 Tonga 56 Cyclone Dani 1999 Fiji 3.5 Sources: Campbell (1999) and World Bank (2000) The costs of extreme weather events in the 1990s exceeded US$1 billion Support Projects 2003 Adaptation Projects 2002 Donor Commitments are also rising… 2001 $4,000 Risk/Disaster Years $3,500 2000 Manag ement $3,000 $2,500 $2,000 1999 $1,500 $1,000 daptation Consultation, Fiji 2003 $500 $0 Commitments (US$’000) Commitments Source: Second High Level A Emerging Key Principles Merge adaptation and hazard management Treat adaptation as a major economic, social and environmental risk Mainstream adaptation into national economic planning House adaptation in a high-level coordinating Ministry Treat adaptation as a long-term process Involve communities and private sector Disseminate information to high-level decision makers and the public Strengthen regulations affecting vulnerability An Example of Mainstreaming The Kiribati Adaptation Program Kiribati Source: http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/kiribati.html Kiribati is one of the Most Vulnerable Countries in the World in its Physical Environment… The 33 atolls of Kiribati are less than 500-1,000 meters
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Regional Consultation on Water in Small Island Countries
    PACIFIC REGIONAL CONSULTATION ON WATER IN SMALL ISLAND COUNTRIES PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS Sigatoka, Fiji Islands 29 July - 3 August 2002 Editors: Clive Carpenter, Jeffry Stubbs, Marc Overmars - for 3rd World Water Forum only - PACIFIC REGIONAL CONSULTATION ON WATER IN SMALL ISLAND COUNTRIES PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS 29 JULY – 3 AUGUST 2002 SIGATOKA, FIJI ISLANDS Editors: Clive Carpenter, Jeffry Stubbs, Marc Overmars PRELIMINARY RELEASE – FOR USE AT THE THIRD WORLD WATER FORUM, KYOTO, JAPAN – February 2003 PUBLISHED BY THE South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission & Asian Development Bank February 2003 Copyright: Asian Development Bank & South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission This book was prepared by consultants and staff of the ADB and SOPAC (the sponsors). The analyses and assessments contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank, or its Board of Directors or of the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission and the governments it represents. The sponsors do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this book and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. The term “country” does not imply any judgment by ADB or SOPAC as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity. ii Proceedings of the Pacific Regional Consultation on Water in Small Island Countries CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................v FOREWORD .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Joint National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management and Climate
    JNAP II – ARE WE RESILIENT? THE COOK ISLANDS 2ND JOINT NATIONAL ACTION PLAN A sectoral approach to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management 2016 - 2020 Cook Islands Government EMCIEMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COOK ISLANDS This plan is dedicated to the memory of SRIC-CC our fallen Cook Islands climate warriors. Your passion and contribution towards building the Resilience of our nation will not be forgotten. All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. Original text: English Cook Islands Second Joint National Action Plan for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management 2016-2020 developed by the Government of Cook Islands Cover Image: Clark Little Photography Photos pages: Pg 2, 6 & 23 - Alexandrya Herman, Tiare Photography. Pg 42 - Melanie Cooper. Pg 36, 50 - Varo Media. 11,27,28, Backpage: Melina Tuiravakai, CCCI Pg 12,16, 27,47 - Celine Dyer, CCCI. Pg 35 - Dr. Teina Rongo, CCCI Backpage: Dylan Harris, Te Rua Manga ‘The development of the Joint National Action Plan for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management was initiated and coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister with support of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Teresa Miimetua Rio Rangatira Eruera Tania Anne Raera Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the United Nations Development Matamaki Te Whiti Nia Temata Programme Pacific Centre (UNDP PC). The editing was funded by the Green Climate Fund and printing was funded by 1983 - 2016 1951 - 2016 1970 - 2012 the Strengthening Resilience of our islands and communities to climate change (SRIC – CC) © Copyright by Emergency Management Cook Islands and Climate Change Cook Islands Office of the Prime Minister, Private Bag, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, Government of the Cook Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring the Distribution, Population Structure and Status of Sea Turtles in the Cook Islands
    Monitoring the distribution, population structure and status of sea turtles in the Cook Islands Cook Islands Turtle Project: 2011 Annual Report By Dr Michael White Cook Islands Turtle Project: Annual Report 2011 www.picionline.org Research Permit: #07/09e (first issued 07/05/2009; then extended on 20/04/2010) Approved by the National Research Committee (Foundation for National Research). Partners Cook Islands Turtle Project (CITP) Pacific Islands Conservation Initiative (PICI) Ministry of Marine Resources (Pamela Maru) Pacific Divers (Proprietor: Stephen Lyon) Local Communities Cook Islands Turtle Project PO Box 1019 Titikaveka Rarotonga Cook Islands Frontispiece: Left profile of a green turtle Chelonia mydas tagged at Tongareva (2011). Photo-recognition techniques can use these facial scale patterns to confirm identity. 1 Cook Islands Turtle Project: Annual Report 2011 www.picionline.org Thanks to: Prime Minister’s Office Chief of Staff: Mac Mokoroa. Email: [email protected] Diane Charlie Tina Samson Foundation for National Research Ministry of Marine Resources Ben Ponia Pamela Maru Bill Marsters (Fishery Officer, Palmerston) Ta’angi (Fishery Officer, Manihiki) Papatu (Fishery Officer, Rakahanga) Pacific Islands Conservation Initiative URL: http://www.picionline.org Stephen Lyon & Jessica Cramp National Environment Service Vaitoti Tupa Elizabeth Munro (Biodiversity Officer) John Samuela (Former Warden of Suwarrow) Ian Karika (Scientific Advisor to Bonn Convention - CMS) Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration Kave Ringi Ministry
    [Show full text]
  • Cook Islands Stories of Inspiration from Women in Local Government
    Women’s Leadership Stories- Cook Islands Stories of inspiration from women in local government Commonwealth Local Government Forum Pacific CLGF Pacific wishes to thank all the people Disclaimer involved in the development of this publication, The information contained in this publication including: is provided in good faith by the CLGF Pacific Project. It has been obtained from current • the partners of the Akateretere Anga Tau and past women local government employees O Te Pa Enua Program, in particular the and council member and is understood Cook Islands National Council of Women, to be accurate and current at the date of the Cook Islands Gender and Development publication. It is not intended to be, and Division, the Pa Enua Local Governance Unit should not be relied upon as the ultimate and • the Pacific Women in Local Government complete source of information or advice for Network readers entering local government. • the women who so generously shared Copyright 2013 by the Commonwealth Local their stories Government Forum Pacific Requests and enquiries concerning this publication should be addressed to: Regional Director CLGF Pacific GPO Box 159 Suva, Fiji For general information about programs and activities for women in local government in the Pacific please visit:www.wilgpacific.org ‘ When I was 12 years old, I decided on my life goals: I wanted to put God at the centre of my life, I wanted to be rich and I wanted to be a leader.’ Tuki Wright, October 2012 Contents Introduction . 1 Women’s Pathways From the Pa Enua . 26 Foreword . 2 Mrs Tuki Wright 27 PUKAPUKA ISLAND Messages of solidarity .
    [Show full text]
  • Download 506.92 KB
    ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK PCR: COO 31619 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT ON THE CYCLONE EMERGENCY REHABILITATION PROJECT (Loan 1588-COO[SF]) IN THE COOK ISLANDS September 2000 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit − New Zealand dollars (NZ$) At Appraisal At Project Completion (25 November 1997) (2 March 2000) NZ$1.00 = US$0.625 US$0.4929 US$1.00 = NZ$1.56 NZ$2.0290 ABBREVIATIONS ADB − Asian Development Bank ACCG − AC Consulting Group AusAID − Australian Agency for International Development CIDB − Cook Islands Development Bank CMC − Cyclone Management Center CMEP − Cyclone Martin Emergency Program km − kilometers kV − kilovolt LA − Loan Agreement MFEM − Ministry of Finance and Economic Management MMR − Ministry of Marine Resources NDMO − National Disaster Management Office NZODA − New Zealand Overseas Development Assistance PMC − project management consultant TCI − Telecom Cook Island TCMRTF − Tropical Cyclone Martin Recovery Task Force NOTE The fiscal year of the Government ends on 30 June. CONTENTS Page BASIC DATA ii MAP v I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 II. EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION 1 A. Project Components 1 B. Implementation Arrangements 3 C. Project Costs 3 D. Project Schedule 4 E. Engagement of Consultants and Procurement of Goods and 4 Services F. Performance of Consultants, Contractors, and Suppliers 4 G. Covenants 5 H. Disbursements 5 I. Environmental and Social Impacts 5 J. Performance of the Borrower and the Executing Agency 6 K. Performance of the Asian Development Bank 6 III. EVALUATION OF INITIAL PERFORMANCE AND BENEFITS 7 A. Financial and Economic Performance 7 B. Attainment of Benefits 8 IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8 A. Conclusions 8 B. Lessons Learned 9 C.
    [Show full text]
  • COOK ISLANDS Public Disclosure Authorized
    PACIFIC CATASTROPHE RISK ASSESSMENT AND FINANCING INITIATIVE Public Disclosure Authorized COOK ISLANDS Public Disclosure Authorized SEPTEMBER 2011 COUNTRY RISK PROFILE: COOK ISLANDS The Cook Islands are expected to incur, on average, about 5 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and Public Disclosure Authorized tropical cyclones. In the next 50 years, the Cook Islands have a 50% chance of experiencing a loss exceeding 75 million USD and casualties larger than 130 people, and a 10% chance of experiencing a loss exceeding 270 million USD and casualties larger than 200 people. Public Disclosure Authorized BETTER RISK INFORMATION FOR SMARTER INVESTMENTS COUNTRY RISK PROFILE: COOK ISLANDS POPULATION, BUILDINGS, INFRASTRUCTURE AND 166° W 164° W 162° W 160° W 158° W 0 1 2 4 S Aitu- 0 150 300 600 ° Arutanga CROPS EXPOSED TO NATURAL PERILS 8 taki Kilometers Kilometers An extensive study has been conducted to assemble a S ° 0 comprehensive inventory of population and properties at 1 Atiu S Mangaia risk. Properties include residential, commercial, public and ° 2 1 0 12 4 industrial buildings; infrastructure assets such as major ports, S 0 1 2 3 airports, power plants, bridges, and roads; and major crops, ° 4 1 Buildings such as coconut, palm oil, taro and many others. Avarua Rarotonga S Residential Public ° 6 1 Commercial Other TABLE 1: Industrial S ° Summary of Exposure in Cook Islands (2010) 8 1 Atiu General Information: Aitutaki S ° 0 Total Population: 19,800 2 Rarotonga Mangaia S GDP Per Capita (USD): 12,330 ° 2 2 Total GDP (million USD): 244.1 Cook Islands 0 2 4 8 Asset Counts: Figure 1: Building locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould (Eds.) Pacific Climate Cultures: Living Climate Change in Oceania
    Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould (Eds.) Pacific Climate Cultures: Living Climate Change in Oceania Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould (Eds.) Pacific Climate Cultures Living Climate Change in Oceania Managing Editor: Izabella Penier Associate Editor: Adam Zmarzlinski ISBN 978-3-11-059140-8 e-ISBN 978-3-11-059141-5 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. © 2018 Tony Crook & Peter Rudiak-Gould Published by De Gruyter Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Managing Editor: Izabella Penier Associate Editor: Adam Zmarzlinski www.degruyter.com Cover illustration: mgrafx / GettyImages Contents His Highness Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Ta’isi Efi Prelude: Climate Change and the Perspective of the Fish IX Tony Crook, Peter Rudiak-Gould 1 Introduction: Pacific Climate Cultures 1 1.1 Living Climate Change in Oceania 1 1.2 Discourses of Climate Change in the Pacific 9 1.3 Pacific Climate Cultures 16 Elfriede Hermann, Wolfgang Kempf 2 “Prophecy from the Past”: Climate Change Discourse, Song Culture and Emotions in Kiribati 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Song Culture in Kiribati 24 2.3 Emotions in the Face of Climate Change Discourse in Kiribati 25 2.4 The Song “Koburake!” 26 2.5 Anticipation and Emotions 29 2.6 Conclusion
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Economic Monitor
    Pacific Economic Monitor December 2016 www.adb.org/pacmonitor The Monitor provides an update of his is the 21st edition of the Pacific Economic Monitor. With this coming of age, developments in Pacific economies and Tsome changes have been made to better align the content with regional interests. explores topical policy issues. We trust you will welcome the stronger policy focus of this and subsequent editions. Contents When the first Monitor was released in May 2009, the series was in response to turbulence in the global economy and the recognized need for more frequent Highlights 1 monitoring of the Pacific economies. This allowed for early warning of external shocks The economic setting 3 and supported greater preparedness. At that time, outside government statistical Country economic issues 5 releases, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) was the only organization providing Policy briefs: economic forecasts twice a year for individual Pacific countries. The Monitor was well Developments in agriculture and received and has since built a strong readership. agribusiness in Samoa 17 Bridging the trade finance gap in the Pacific 21 Moving from commodity to niche: Timor-Leste’s coffee exports 22 Economic indicators 28 Highlights y Diverging tourism trends; higher global commodity prices. Despite growing global tourism, some Pacific destinations have seen declining visitor arrivals from major markets. Although international crude oil prices are projected to rise by 27% in 2017, much smaller increases are expected for food prices. Price prospects for key Pacific exports—liquefied natural gas, phosphate, Over these past 8 years, there has been an increased focus on the Pacific, and there and agricultural commodities—are mixed.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Climate Change Risks in Vulnerable Communities
    I i COOK ISLANDS: MANAGING CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS IN VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES Final Report for Protecting Island Biodiversity and Traditional Culture in Cook Islands Through Community-based Climate Risk Management A project under RETA 6420 Promoting Climate Change Adaptation in Asia and the Pacific Asian Development Bank Small Grants Activity December, 2010 WWF-Cook Islands/Te Rito Enua Report Prepared By: Mona Matepi George de Romilly John Waugh iii Table of Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 4 2 Climate, Climate Change and Vulnerability in the Cook Islands .................................. 5 2.1 Climate Change and Vulnerability ............................................................................... 8 2.2 Impacts for Cook Island Communities ........................................................................ 9 2.3 Environmental Impacts............................................................................................... 10 2.4 Social Impacts............................................................................................................. 11 2.5 Economic, financial and socio-cultural impacts....................................................... 13 3 Vulnerability, Exposure and Adaptive Capacity of Vulnerable Cook Island Communities ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Scoping Study: Shelter and Disaster Risk Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region November 2012
    Final Report Scoping Study: Shelter and Disaster Risk Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region November 2012 Dr Esther Charlesworth Dr Iftekhar Ahmed Humanitarian Architecture Research Bureau (HARB) School of Architecture & Design, RMIT University Melbourne, VIC 3000 Commissioned by the Shelter Reference Group (SRG), Australia Supported by Caritas-Australia with funding from AusAID under the Humanitarian Partnership Agreement Shelter and Disaster Risk Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region CONTENTS BACKGROUND 1.0 Executive Summary 2 2.0 Introduction 5 3.0 Summary of Literature Review 5 4.0 Methodology of Evaluation Tool 6 FIELDWORK 5.0 Case Studies 10 5.1 Background 10 5.2 Case Studies Summary 11 5.3 Analytical Framework 11 5.4 Country Case Study # 1: Cook Islands 13 5.4.1 Country Case Study Background 14 5.4.2 Agency Stakeholders Consulted 15 5.4.3 Overview: Shelter Project, Aitutaki 15 5.4.4 Key Findings: Aitutaki 17 5.4.5 Overview: Shelter Project, Mangaia 21 5.4.6 Key Findings: Mangaia 22 5.5 Country Case Study # 2: Sri Lanka 26 5.5.1 Country Case Study Background 27 5.5.2 Agency Stakeholders Consulted 28 5.5.3 Overview: Shelter Project, Habitat for Humanity, Galle 28 5.5.4 Key Findings: Habitat for Humanity, Galle 29 5.5.5 Overview: Shelter Project, Caritas, Galle 33 5.5.6 Key Findings: Caritas, Galle 35 5.5.7 Overview: Shelter Project, World Vision, Kirinda 39 5.5.8 Key Findings: World Vision, Kirinda 40 CONCLUSION 6.0 Summary of Case Study Findings 47 6.1 Background 47 6.2 Overview 47 6.2.1 Result 47 6.2.2 External Factors 47 6.3 Insights
    [Show full text]