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World Risk Report 2012
Focus: Environmental degradation and disasters WorldRiskReport 2012 In cooperation with UNU-EHS Institute for Environment and Human Security Together for people in need. WorldRiskReport 2012 1. Disaster risk, environmental degradation and global sustainability policy ................ 5 Peter Mucke 2. WorldRiskIndex 2012: Concept, updating and results ................................ 11 Torsten Welle, Jörn Birkmann, Jakob Rhyner, Maximilian Witting, Jan Wolfertz 2.1 Concept and structure of the WorldRiskIndex .................................... 12 2.2 Updating and modifying the indicators ......................................... 16 2.3 Risk assessment at global level for 2012 ........................................ 18 3. Focus: Environmental degradation and disasters .................................... 27 3.1 Environmental degradation as a risk factor ...................................... 28 Torsten Welle, Michael W. Beck, Peter Mucke 3.2 Coastal Habitats and Risk Reduction ........................................... 32 Michael W. Beck, Christine C. Shepard 3.3 Agrofuels, land-grabbing and landslides ....................................... 42 Katja Maurer 3.4 Environmental degradation, poverty and disaster risk on the international development agenda ...................................... 48 Jens Martens 4. Disaster risk reduction – a key element of global sustainability policy ................... 57 Peter Mucke, Jens Martens, Katrin Radtke Annex ........................................................................... 63 WorldRiskReport -
Risk Reduction and Management in Escalating Water Hazards: How Fare the Poor?
Risk Reduction and Management in Escalating Water Hazards: How Fare the Poor? Leonardo Q. Liongson, PhD The article aims to take stock of and rapidly assess the human and economic damages brought about, not only by Typhoon Yolanda, but also by the recent Bohol 7.2 magnitude earthquake and its aftershocks during the period October-November 2013, and comparatively, the most recent typhoons and monsoons (habagat) rainstorm and flood events in the 21st century. It will also cover the positive new steps and efforts of the infrastructure and S&T arms of the national government, and the needed additional steps and tasks which must follow, for alleviating and mitigating the hazard risks of water-based natural disasters, with emphasis on helping and protecting the most exposed and vulnerable to the hazard risks, being the poor sector of the society. The article has emphasized the need for implementing structural mitigation measures in poor unprotected towns and regions in the country, especially under the challenge and threat posed by growing population and climate change. Likewise, non-structural mitigation measures (which have shorter gestation periods of months and few years only, compared to decades for major structural measures) must be provided under the imperative or necessity implied by the structural gap of existing structures to adequately reduce and effectively manage the increasing flood and storm surge hazard risks, caused by growing population and climate change. NO PRIOR WARNING OF SUPER STORM SURGES of 225 kilometers per hour (kph) and gusts of 260 kph coming from PAGASA, with the attendant rains and the Many days before the first landfall of super Typhoon wind-blown piled-up sea waves hitting the coastal areas Haiyan (Yolanda) in Samar and Leyte (in Region 8) last of the region. -
Supporting Shine (School Hydrological Information Network) Increasing Children’S Awareness and Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction
Project ENCORE Enhancing Community Resilience to Disasters Supporting SHINe (School Hydrological Information Network) Increasing children’s awareness and participation in disaster risk reduction On September 26, 2011, Typhoon Nesat (Pedring) hit close to 3,500 communities in the northern region of the Philippines. Typhoon Nalgae (Quiel) hit on October 1, taking the same route. About 4 million were affected by the typhoons, destroying agricultural lands, road and water systems, health centers and 914 schools. A total of 101 people died, including 42 children. Save the Children’s Project ENCORE (Enhancing Community Resilience to Disasters) builds on the Nesat/Nalgae emergency as well as other programs’ experience to increase the understanding of the hazards the province of Bulacan faces. Through an innovative urban disaster risk reduction approach, the project aims to facilitate the organizing of child-led groups to disseminate DRR/mitigation messages and implement DRR/mitigation activities supporting the province's SHINe (School Project ENCORE aims to: Hydrological Information Network) program. Increase the capacity of children In coordination with Ms. Liz Mungcal, Bulacan’s Provincial and youth to identify risks, Disaster Risk Reduction Management Officer, Mr. Hilton solutions, and initiate action on Hernando, Assistant Weather Services Chief of the Pampanga River Basin Flood Forecasting and Warning DRR within their communities; Center/PAGASA which is under the Department of Science and Technology, and the Department of Education Improve the capacity of Division of Bulacan, SHINe orientation sessions were households to adopt appropriate conducted for nine (9) schools covered by ENCORE. waste management and The high school batch was conducted on February 8 at Sta. -
Friday) Time • 7.30 P.M
Date • 21st February 2014 (Friday) Time • 7.30 p.m. to 10.00 p.m. Venue • Ballroom 1 & 2, 1st Floor Sime Darby Convention Centre 1A, Jalan Bukit Kiara 1, K. L. CoNTENTS OUR Journey , • Our Journey 3 In 1995 during the height of the Rwanda crisis, 2 American doctors, • Message from the Executive Director 4 Drs. Mark and Betsy Neuenschwander of the International Health Services Foundation received a vision from God to raise up disaster • Message from Drs. Mark & Betsy 5 relief teams across the world. They visited Malaysia and conducted • Vision & Mission 6 3 consecutive Disaster Relief Schools (DRS) in 1995, 1996 and 1997. From these training schools, a group of graduates received • Where We Have Served 7 - 10 God’s call to establish a disaster relief organization in Asia. • Reflections from the Journey 11 On 3rd December 1998, • The Joy of A Special Child by Cynthia, Volunteer 12 - 13 CREST was birthed in Malaysia. • I Am Blessed by Dr. Oh Swee Eng, Volunteer 14 - 15 • Walking By Faith by Martin Chow, Volunteer 16 -17 • Moving Beyond Emergency Response by Dr. Yoong Sao Chin, CREST Director 18 • Early Childhood Development Centre (ECDC) 19 • An Interview With Wong Lee Sin, Volunteer 20 - 21 • Out of the Classroom & Into the Field by Michelle Choo, Volunteer 22 - 23 • Once Is Not Enough by Susan Chen, Volunteer 24 - 25 • Aknowledgement 26 • Congratulatory & Advertisement 27 - 34 Now, CREST serves in countries across Asia and takes on the mantle to train more relief volunteers in Malaysia and beyond. CREST has also moved beyond mere active emergency response into rehabilitation and reconstruction with the ultimate goal of impacting communities into self dignity and reliance. -
Ensemble Forecast Experiment for Typhoon
Ensemble Forecast Experiment for Typhoon Quantitatively Precipitation in Taiwan Ling-Feng Hsiao1, Delia Yen-Chu Chen1, Ming-Jen Yang1, 2, Chin-Cheng Tsai1, Chieh-Ju Wang1, Lung-Yao Chang1, 3, Hung-Chi Kuo1, 3, Lei Feng1, Cheng-Shang Lee1, 3 1Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute, NARL, Taipei 2Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li 3Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei ABSTRACT The continuous torrential rain associated with a typhoon often caused flood, landslide or debris flow, leading to serious damages to Taiwan. Therefore the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) during typhoon period is highly needed for disaster preparedness and emergency evacuation operation in Taiwan. Therefore, Taiwan Typhoon and Flood Research Institute (TTFRI) started the typhoon quantitative precipitation forecast ensemble forecast experiment in 2010. The ensemble QPF experiment included 20 members. The ensemble members include various models (ARW-WRF, MM5 and CreSS models) and consider different setups in the model initial perturbations, data assimilation processes and model physics. Results show that the ensemble mean provides valuable information on typhoon track forecast and quantitative precipitation forecasts around Taiwan. For example, the ensemble mean track captured the sharp northward turning when Typhoon Megi (2010) moved westward to the South China Sea. The model rainfall also continued showing that the total rainfall at the northeastern Taiwan would exceed 1,000 mm, before the heavy rainfall occurred. Track forecasts for 21 typhoons in 2011 showed that the ensemble forecast has a comparable skill to those of operational centers and has better performance than a deterministic prediction. With an accurate track forecast for Typhoon Nanmadol, the ability for the model to predict rainfall distribution is significantly improved. -
6 2. Annual Summaries of the Climate System in 2009 2.1 Climate In
2. Annual summaries of the climate system in above normal in Okinawa/Amami because hot and 2009 sunny weather was dominant under the subtropical high in July and August. 2.1 Climate in Japan (d) Autumn (September – November 2009, Fig. 2.1.1 Average surface temperature, precipitation 2.1.4d) amounts and sunshine durations Seasonal mean temperatures were near normal in The annual anomaly of the average surface northern and Eastern Japan, although temperatures temperature over Japan (averaged over 17 observatories swung widely. In Okinawa/Amami, seasonal mean confirmed as being relatively unaffected by temperatures were significantly above normal due to urbanization) in 2009 was 0.56°C above normal (based the hot weather in the first half of autumn. Monthly on the 1971 – 2000 average), and was the seventh precipitation amounts were significantly below normal highest since 1898. On a longer time scale, average nationwide in September due to dominant anticyclones. surface temperatures have been rising at a rate of about In contrast, in November, they were significantly 1.13°C per century since 1898 (Fig. 2.1.1). above normal in Western Japan under the influence of the frequent passage of cyclones and fronts around 2.1.2 Seasonal features Japan. In October, Typhoon Melor (0918) made (a) Winter (December 2008 – February 2009, Fig. landfall on mainland Japan, bringing heavy rainfall and 2.1.4a) strong winds. Since the winter monsoon was much weaker than (e) December 2009 usual, seasonal mean temperatures were above normal In the first half of December, temperatures were nationwide. In particular, they were significantly high above normal nationwide, and heavy precipitation was in Northern Japan, Eastern Japan and Okinawa/Amami. -
Declines of Seagrasses in a Tropical Harbour, North Queensland, Australia, Are Not the Result of a Single Event
Declines of seagrasses in a tropical harbour, North Queensland, Australia, are not the result of a single event SKYE MCKENNA*, JESSIE JARVIS, TONIA SANKEY, CARISSA REASON, ROBERT COLES and MICHAEL RASHEED Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected]) A recent paper inferred that all seagrass in Cairns Harbour, tropical north-eastern Australia, had undergone ‘complete and catastrophic loss’ as a result of tropical cyclone Yasi in 2011. While we agree with the concern expressed, we would like to correct the suggestion that the declines were the result of a single climatic event and that all seagrass in Cairns Harbour were lost. Recent survey data and trend analysis from an on-ground monitoring program show that seagrasses in Cairns Harbour do remain, albeit at low levels, and the decline in seagrasses occurred over several years with cyclone Yasi having little additional impact. We have conducted annual on-ground surveys of seagrass distribution and the above-ground meadow biomass in Cairns Harbour and Trinity Inlet since 2001. This has shown a declining trend in biomass since a peak in 2004 and in area since it peaked in 2007. In 2012, seagrass area and above-ground biomass were significantly below the long-term (12 year) average but seagrass was still present. Declines were associated with regional impacts on coastal seagrasses from multiple years of above-average rainfall and severe storm and cyclone activity, similar to other nearby seagrass areas, and not as a result of a single event. [McKenna S, Jarvis J, Sankey T, Reason C, Coles R and Rasheed M 2015 Declines of seagrasses in a tropical harbour, North Queensland, Australia, are not the result of a single event. -
Joint National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management and Climate
JNAP II – ARE WE RESILIENT? THE COOK ISLANDS 2ND JOINT NATIONAL ACTION PLAN A sectoral approach to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management 2016 - 2020 Cook Islands Government EMCIEMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COOK ISLANDS This plan is dedicated to the memory of SRIC-CC our fallen Cook Islands climate warriors. Your passion and contribution towards building the Resilience of our nation will not be forgotten. All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. Original text: English Cook Islands Second Joint National Action Plan for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management 2016-2020 developed by the Government of Cook Islands Cover Image: Clark Little Photography Photos pages: Pg 2, 6 & 23 - Alexandrya Herman, Tiare Photography. Pg 42 - Melanie Cooper. Pg 36, 50 - Varo Media. 11,27,28, Backpage: Melina Tuiravakai, CCCI Pg 12,16, 27,47 - Celine Dyer, CCCI. Pg 35 - Dr. Teina Rongo, CCCI Backpage: Dylan Harris, Te Rua Manga ‘The development of the Joint National Action Plan for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management was initiated and coordinated by the Office of the Prime Minister with support of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Teresa Miimetua Rio Rangatira Eruera Tania Anne Raera Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the United Nations Development Matamaki Te Whiti Nia Temata Programme Pacific Centre (UNDP PC). The editing was funded by the Green Climate Fund and printing was funded by 1983 - 2016 1951 - 2016 1970 - 2012 the Strengthening Resilience of our islands and communities to climate change (SRIC – CC) © Copyright by Emergency Management Cook Islands and Climate Change Cook Islands Office of the Prime Minister, Private Bag, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, Government of the Cook Islands. -
A Summary of Palau's Typhoon History 1945-2013
A Summary of Palau’s Typhoon History 1945-2013 Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau Dec, 2014 © Coral Reef Research Foundation 2014 Suggested citation: Coral Reef Research Foundation, 2014. A Summary of Palau’s Typhoon History. Technical Report, 17pp. www.coralreefpalau.org Additions and suggestions welcome. Please email: [email protected] 2 Summary: Since 1945 Palau has had 68 recorded typhoons, tropical storms or tropical depressions come within 200 nmi of its islands or reefs. At their nearest point to Palau, 20 of these were typhoon strength with winds ≥64kts, or an average of 1 typhoon every 3 years. November and December had the highest number of significant storms; July had none over 40 kts and August had no recorded storms. Data Compilation: Storms within 200 nmi (nautical miles) of Palau were identified from the Digital Typhoon, National Institute of Informatics, Japan web site (http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital- typhoon/reference/besttrack.html.en). The storm tracks and intensities were then obtained from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) (https://metoc.ndbc.noaa.gov/en/JTWC/). Three storm categories were used following the JTWC: Tropical Depression, winds ≤ 33 kts; Tropical Storm, winds 34-63 kts; Typhoon ≥64kts. All track data was from the JTWC archives. Tracks were plotted on Google Earth and the nearest distance to land or reef, and bearing from Palau, were measured; maximum sustained wind speed in knots (nautical miles/hr) at that point was recorded. Typhoon names were taken from the Digital Typhoon site, but typhoon numbers for the same typhoon were from the JTWC archives. -
Detail Response to Referee #1 (Anonymous) in the Following Letter, Each Comment by Referee #1 in Black Is Followed by Our Replies in Red
Detail response to Referee #1 (anonymous) In the following letter, each comment by Referee #1 in black is followed by our replies in red. This paper proposes an assessment of the risk of coastal flooding and submersion by waves in one of the Palau islands surrounded by a coral reef in 2100, in a context of climate change. The study is certainly of interest, the study is rather comprehensive, well conducted and the paper is concise, clear and well written. The objectives of the paper are clearly exposed and the conclusions correspond to these objectives. We are grateful to you that you review. I have however two main concerns, that in my opinion prevent the acceptance of the paper in its present state: 1- The authors state that their first objective is to assess the present-day efficiency of the Palau coral reef as wave breaker and natural barrier against water level rise during a tropical cyclone (TC). They give (from what I understand) the corresponding figures obtained from a numerical hydrodynamic modeling, using as forgings the outer wave significant height (SWHo), the outer significant wave period, and the outer water level. These forcings are taken from a GFS simulation and observations of SWH in similar conditions. The percent of reduction of wave height due to the reef is 85.7% (87.9%) with (without) storm surge. As these values are used as a reference in the projective part of the paper, it would be relevant to confirm them (at least at first order) using observations. Recent TCs (Bopha and Haiyan) hit Palau, and it is may be possible to find even crude observations of (outer) SWHo and (reef) SWHr to check either the value of SWHr or the percentage of reduction (Table1). -
Am. Samoa Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2008
American Samoa Revision and Update of the Territory Hazard Mitigation Plan April 28, 2008 2007 Project Team Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office Office of the Governor P.O. Box 997755 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-6482 Fax: 011 (684) 699-6414 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg-gov.com/agencies/temco.asg.htm American Samoa Disaster Recovery Office American Samoa Government Nu'uuli #26-500 P.O. Box 50018 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-1330 Fax: 011 (684) 699-5005 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg-gov.com Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC 351 Pleasant Street, #208 Northampton, MA 01060 USA Phone: 1(413) 586-0867 Fax: 1(413) 303-0412 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.jamiecaplan.com 2003 Project Team Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office Office of the Governor P.O. Box 997755 Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Phone: 011 (684) 699-6482 Fax: 011 (684) 699-6414 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.asg- gov.com/agencies/temco.asg.htm East West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu, HI 96848-1601 USA Phone: 1 (808) 944-7111 Fax: 1 (808) 944-7376 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.EastWestCenter.org Pacific Disaster Center 1305 N. Holopono St. #2 Kihei, HI, 96753-6900 USA Phone: 1 (808) 891-0525 Fax: 1 (808) 891-0526 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.pdc.org Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa 2424 Maile Way Saunders Hall, Suite 704 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA Phone: 1 (808) 956-8930 Fax: 1 (808) 956-2884 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.socialsciences.hawaii.edu/ssri/ The 2007 American Samoa Hazard Mitigation Plan was developed by a consulting team from Jamie Caplan Consulting LLC, and the Lieutenant Governor, the Territorial Emergency Management Coordinating Office, the staff of the American Samoa Disaster Recovery Office, the Territorial Hazard Mitigation Council and Directors and technical staff of the American Samoa Government. -
Logistics Capacity Assessment VANUATU
LCA - <VANUATU> Version 1.07,5 Logistics Capacity Assessment VANUATU Country Name VANUATU Official Name REPUBLIC of VANUATU Assessment Assessment Dates: From 19th January 2011 To 31st March 2011 Name of Assessor Florent Chané Title & Position Logistics Consultant Email contact [email protected] 1/106 LCA - <VANUATU> Version 1.07,5 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Country Profile .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Introduction & Background ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Humanitarian Background ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3. National Regulatory Departments/Bureau and Quality Control/Relevant Laboratories ...................................... 11 2.4. Customs Information ............................................................................................................................................... 11 3. Logistics Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.1. Port Assessment