TP-I.2-5 Revision? May 1990 DRILLING. SAMPLING. AND LOGGING OF SOILS Paee 14 o R
APPENDIX A DRILLING METHODS
I. GENERAL DRILLING CONSIDERATIONS Many types of drilling techniques exist for advancing boreholes in unconsolidated deposits. The methods described below include the hollow stem auger method, air rotary drill and drive, and cable tool drilling methods. This list is not intended to be an inclusive. Unconsolidated deposits present special drilling problems due to the nature of the material, and the Project Manager shall determine the most appropriate drilling technique for the types of materials expected to be encountered. The drilling method selected shall provide a reasonable opportunity to notice gross material changes and to make periodic depth soundings at the point at which the phreatic ground water level is encountered. Borehole instability or the tendency of the hole to collapse is common to all drilling methods in unconsolidated deposits. AD drive casing used in the drilling operation shall be of such design and wall thickness as to prevent collapse or deformation when driven through the in situ materials. All welding of drive casing or alternate approved methods of joining the casing shall follow acceptable practices to prevent separation at joints. If welding is employed, all welds shall have a minimum of three passes made on the weld joint and have a minimum of three "star welds,' For environmental investigations and the collection of environmental coil camples, come care must be exercised in the selection of the drilling method to insure representative samples. Grease or oO based lubricants may not be used on any drilling equipment that enters the borehole. Drill rigs must be adequately cleaned and decontaminated prior to setting up on each borehole. Any water introduced into the borehole during the drilling operation must be from an approved source and additional drilling additives will generally not be used. Compressed air used during air rotary drilling may need to be filtered depending on the analyte of concern.
2.1 follow Stem Auger Method The hollow stem auger method consists of advancing continuous flight augers into the ground. The terminal flight section is equipped with a drill bit or cutting teeth. -In situ soils are sampled through the center of the hollow stem. Drill cuttings are brought to the surface by the "screw conveyor" action of the auger flights. Borehole stability is established by the augers. The maximum depth of penetration is usually 100 ft, although 160 to 160 foot drilling depths have been achieved in certain geologic materials. Auger flights are joined by damping pins or by screw fittings. Grease shaH not be used on the joints for lubrication if the particular project is an environmental investigation.
AR30I053 TP-1.2-5 Revision? May 1990 RILLING. SAMPLING. AND LOGGING OF SOILS PaeelSoflR
2,2 Air Rotary Drill and Drive The air rotary drill and drive technique employs a tri-cone roller bit, pneumatic downhole hammer, or both, on drill rods to achieve penetration. Steel drive casing (usually 0.25 inch minimum wall thickness) is advanced for borehole stability directly behind the bitfoammer by driving with a pneumatic casing hammer. The drive casing b connected either by welding or flush coupled threaded joints. The terminal end of the drive casing is equipped with a hardened steel drive shoe for strength during penetration. Drill cuttings are removed from the borehole by circulating high volume compressed air to the bottom of the borehole through the drill rods and blowing the cuttings to the surface within the annular . space between the rods and casing. On environmental investigations the air from the compressor must be filtered to remove the entrained oQ before downhole use. In situ soils may be sampled through the drive casing after the bitftammer and drill rods are removed from the borehole. Maximum depths for this drilling method depend of the size of the rig and compressor, but are normally greater than 300 feet Air rotary drilling is not recommended for volatile organic sampling due to the *air stripping" action of the drilling operations. 13 Cable Tool Drilling Cable tool drilling is slow, but offers some advantages for sampling. The technique employs a heavy downhole chopping bit which is dropped onto the underlying sediments to loosen the materials. The bit is connected to the drill rig by a wire (cable) line. The drill tig activates the up and down action for the bit Steel drive casing (usually 025 inch minimum wall thickness) is advanced for borehole stability directly behind the downhole bit The casing is driven by a hammer and anvil using the same up and down action of the drill rig. The steel drive casing sections are connected either by welding or flush coupled threaded joints. The terminal end of the drive casing is equipped with a hardened steel drive shoe for strength during penetration. Cuttings are allowed to accumulate until they start to lessen the impact of the bit and then are removed with a sand bailer or sand pump. In situ soils are sampled through the drive casing after the bit is removed from the borehole. It is necessary to add water to the borehole in the vadose zone for bailing cuttings from the hole. In environmental investigations, the composition of the added water must be known, particularly with regard to the analytes of concern.
ARSOIOSd TP-I.2-5 Revision? May 1990 DRILLING. SAMPLING. AND LOGGING OF SOILS ______Page16of]fl _^
APPENDIX B SAMPLING METHODS
1. SPLTT-BARREL METHOD 1.1 Sampling EqiripmentRequlrements • split-tube samplers constructed in accordance with ASTM-D-1586, "Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils" (see Figure B-l); 2,4, and 6 inch diameter samplers should be available; all samples shall be fitted with hardened ' drive shoes and basket retainers. • drive weight assembly constructed in accordance with ASTM-D-1586, affixed to a length of drill rod for advancing the sampler • stainless steel spatulas • sample containers as required • sand catch or trap (optional) • lexan inner barrel liners, caps, and tape, as required 12 Method The sampling horizon may be exposed by any drilling technique that will produce suitable wall clearance for insertion of the sampler. Depth to the sample horizon shall be measured using the combined lengths of the downhole tools, drill rod or auger flight lengths, and amount of stickup above the drill collar. Particular attention must be paid to the calculated depth to ensure that the sampler is resting on the desired sample interval Sampler diameter selection shaU be based on geologic logging observations. 2-inch diameter samplers are appropriate for nonlithified days, silts, sands and fine gravels; 4- or 6-inch v samplers shall be selected for zones with coarse gravels and cobbles, or when larger sample volumes are required. Samplers shall be driven 18 inches with the drive weight (noting the weight of the hammer being used); blow counts for the first 18 inches of penetration shall be recorded in 6-inch increments, counted, and recorded on the Borehole Log. The downhole bit or auger, the split tube sampler and any liners and the stainless steel spatula shall be decontaminated prior to use.
AR30I055 TP-1.2-5 Revision? . May 1990 DRILLING. SAMPLING. AND LOGGING OF SOILS * Page 17 of R
2. THINAVALLED rSHELBVl TUBE SAMPLING METHOD 2.1 Sampling Equipment Requirements • thin-walled metal sample tubes, manufactured in compliance with ASTM-D-1587, "Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling". • aluminum foil or teflon sheeting, tube end caps, tape or seals, as required • sample containers, as required • stainless steel spatulas, if contents of tube are examined and transferred to sample containers at the surface prior to transfer to the laboratory • waxorparrafin 23 Method This method is normally used to obtain undisturbed samples of cohesive soils for geotechnical analysis, although thin walled sampling techniques (commonly referred to as Shelby tube techniques) may be used to sample other cohesive materials such as sludges for environmental assessments. Sampling methods should be in general accordance with ASTM-D-1587, "Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils ." Any drilling technique is acceptable to expose the sampling horizon provided that sufficient dearance is present to permit insertion of the sampling equipment Depth measurements shall be based on cumulative measurements of drill rods or auger flights, downhole tool length, and amount of stick up at the drill collar. Particular attention must be paid to the depth calculations to ensure that the sampler is resting on the desire sample interval. The sample tube is attached to an appropriate Shelby head subassembly, which is then connected to the drill rods, or auger flights, inserted to a maximum of 15 tube diameters by steady pressure with no rotation. Depending upon soil conditions the tube will be left in place for a period of time (5-10 minutes) to dissipate negative pressure prior to withdrawal of the tube. Depending on project-specific requirements, the sample tube may be capped labeled and sealed at the surface and routed directly to the laboratory. Alternately, the sample may be exposed at the surface, removed with a stainless steel spatula and transferred to a suitable container after visual examination. The downhole drilling tool, insertion tool, sample tube, and stainless spatula shall be decontaminated prior to use.
AR30I056 TP-1.2-5 Revision? May 1990 DRILLING. SAMPLING. AND LOGGING OF SOILS______Page 18 tf^
3. DRIVE TUBE fRING-LTNED BARREL OR "CALIFORNIA"! SAMPLING METHOD 3.1 Sampling Equipment Requirements • drive tube (ring-lined barrel) assembly manufactured in compliance with ASTM-D-3550, "Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils* (see Figure B-2) • sampler barrel with removable rings • surface or downhole drive weight assembly • stainless steel spatulas • sample containers as required • sand catch or trap (optional) •; inner barrel liners, aluminum foil or teflon sheeting caps, and tape, as required 32 Method This method is normally used to obtain relatively undisturbed geotechnical samples, although this technique is useful in obtaining samples when volatile organic compounds are among the analytes of concern. * j The sampling horizon may be exposed by any drilling technique that will produce suitable wall dearance for insertion of the sampler. Depth to the sample horizon shall be measured using the combined lengths of the downhole tools, drill rod or auger flight lengths, minus the amount of stick up above the drill collar. Particular attention must be paid to the depth calculations to ensure that the sampler is resting on the desired sample interval Samplers shall be driven 18 inches with a surface or downhole drive weight assembly (noting the weight of the hammer being used); sampler insertion should be by pushing in lieu of driving wherever possible. If required by project-specific requirements, blow counts of the first 18 inches of penetrations shall be counted and recorded in 6-inch increments on the Borehole Log. The sampler shaU be retrieved and carefully disassembled. Trim the soil flush with the sampling barrel with the spatula, and remove the specimen-filled rings. Place each ring in a suitable container and cap and seal with dean aluminum foil at both ends. Downhole samplers and stainless steel spatulas shaU be decontaminated prior to use.
AR30I057 TP-1.2-5 EXHIBIT B-l
(From ASTM-D-1586 'Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils')
OPEN' SH5F HEAP RO^LPlN
E
J_ 4 ,c 1 D Y
6 ^-& — TUBE / B&LI y
A c• eicicc:I.SCt CCi-CK* * 1)1 It I.J- r ooit i.i-e.e*>iK) c in O«H| »i* «>r«nrt *!« te AR30I058 TP-1.2-5 EXHIBIT B-2 (Froa: ASTX-D-3550, Standard Practice For Ring-lined Barrel Sampling of Soils) Csttoiter ^ »f Shot -• VIM N»li Thltkntll T •t Iptclflftf ^•J/r 03 e) She* Noi I>J«%* ctantw MM• (A- AVA *« rf A» «« 081 ik.CtC.OI *«» AR30I059 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING AR30I060 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLINGPage 1 of Q 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this technical procedure 1s to establish uniform and consistent core drilling techniques which will optimize core sample recovery. 2. APPLICABILITY This technical procedure 1s applicable to all Colder Associates Inc. representatives engaged In subsurface Investigations utilizing rock core drilling. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Contaminated Site A contaminated site Is defined as a location at which an environmental Investigation Is being conducted for the purpose of determining the existence or extent of hazardous waste or groundwater contamination. 4. REFERENCES 4.1 Golder Associates Inc. Technical Procedure TP-1.2-2, "Geotechnlcal Rock Core Logging" 4.2 Russell, B.F., J.M. Hubbell, and S.C. Hlnkin, "Drilling and Sampling Procedures to Minimize Borehole Cross- Contamination", Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. • 4.3 "Standard Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation", ASTH D-2113. 5. DISCUSSION Drilling and sampling programs are employed to obtain Information for the assessment of the hydrogeologlc, chemical, and physical characteristics and conditions of a particular site. The quality of the site characterization hinges on the Integrity of the samples obtained and the data derived from them. It Is Imperative that consistent procedures for rock core drilling are followed In an effort to obtain the highest quality core samples and data possible. The quality of the core Is a function of the equipment used and the skill of the driller when drilling and handling the core. The requirements of each project will dictate which type of drill rig and coring tools should be used. It Is Important to exercise care 1n handling of the core while still In the core barrel and during removal, logging, and storage. AR30IQ6I TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______Page 2 of 9 6. RESPONSIBILITIES • 6.1 Prelect Manager The Project Manager 1s responsible for the overall management of the core drilling and sampling project, but may delegate responsibilities to other qualified team members. Duties Include design of the core drilling and sampling program, location of boreholes and coring Intervals, approving all variations from established procedures, ensuring that all necessary contractual agreements are established with the client and any contractors (and that contractors fully understand the specific conditions and limitations of the site), preparing the scope of work, and briefing all field personnel on the specific requirements of the project 6.2 Geologist/Field Engineer The Geologist/Field Engineer Is responsible for all on-s1te activities related to core drilling and sampling. These activities Include: ensuring that core samples of adequate quality are obtained, documenting variations from standard procedures, logging core, ensuring sample Integrity In storage and transportation to the laboratory for testing, and reviewing the dally drilling report with the drilling contractor. The Geologist/Field Engineer shall develop an understanding of the ultimate goal of the Investigation 1n order to adequately record needed Information and be able to make sound decisions In case of unforeseen circumstances. 7. EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS 7.1 Logging Equipment Equipment and materials needed to properly log core samples are listed 1n TP- 1.2-2, "Geotechnlcal Rock Core Logging." 7.2 Drill R1g The type of drill rig used for rock coring projects will depend on the location and limitations of the job site. Selection of drill rig type and the drilling subcontractor shall be established by the Project Manager or the client. 7.3 Core Barrel The type of core barrel to be used on a geotechnlcal project should be specified by the Project Kanager. Single tube and Hold double tube barrels are Inappropriate for geotechnlcal sampling, and shall not be used. Conventional core barrels require that the drill rod be pulled out of the hole to recover the core after each run. Wlrellne systems, however, enable the core to be recovered without pulling the drill rods, and nay be much more suitable for deeper holes, or for use when sample contamination 1s a concern. AR30IQ62 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______Page 3 of 9 7.3.1 Swivel-Tvoe Double Tube Barrels Swivel-type double tube barrels are constructed with a bearing at the top of .the Inner tube so that the Inner liner remains almost stationary as the drill rods and outer barrel are rotated and advanced. Drilling fluid bypasses the core lifter and passes directly out of the bit. The core Is protected from erosion due to drill fluid and from grinding due to rotation. This core barrel produces good core recovery under a wide range of conditions. While swivel-type double tube barrels enable good recovery, the core must be removed from the Inner tube before It can be Inspected and logged. There are two types of Inner barrels 1n use; solid and split. Split Inner tubes are preferred for geotechnlcal sampling. They are split longitudinally so that they can be separated after core recovery. This enables the core to be Inspected and logged while It 1s still In one half of the split tube, resulting 1n a minimum of core disturbance. Solid tubes are the least conducive to geotechnlcal sampling, as core removal often results In disturbance and damage to any but the most durable core. If there Is no alternative coring system available, core shall be removed from the core tube by Inserting a plug 1n the top.end of the tube and using the mud pump to push the core out of the tube Into a core tray. 7.3.2 Triple Tube Core Barrels Triple tube core barrels should be used for projects where logging and sampling of core 1n as close to an undisturbed condition as possible 1s an Important consideration. Triple tube core barrels have three nested core tubes for maximum core recovery and minimum disturbance. They are similar to swivel-type double tube systems 1n construction except that an additional Inner liner or sleeve Is nested within the Inner tube. A plug or piston Is Incorporated Into the top of the Inner tube so that the Inner liner can be pumped out. Split liner sleeves can be made from chrome plated steel, enabling logging and sampling In the field. Disposable solid clear plastic liners are also available to enable Immediate examination and maximum protection for transportation of the core; such liners are appropriate for coring on projects where cross-contamination of samples Is a concern. 7.3.3 Wlrellne Systems Wlrellne systems enable recovery of the Inner core tube without the need to pull the drill rods. They are constructed like a swivel-type double or triple tube barrel except that a latching mechanism Is Incorporated to hold the Inner tube In place during coring. The Inner tube Is emplaced through the drill rods and latched Into the outer barrel prior to each core run. The Inner tube assembly has a shut-off valve which stops fluid circulation and Increases pump pressure when the core blocks off (a feature which prevent loss of core). When the core run Is completed, an overshot attached to the wlrellne Is lowered down the drill rods and latches onto the spearhead on top of the Inner AR30I063 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______'•______Page 4 of 9 tube assembly. This releases the Inner tube from the outer barrel and enables the Inner tube to be hoisted to the surface on the wlrellne. 7.4 Core Bits Core bits are made with differing configurations for use In a variety of rock types. The cutting surface may be set with diamonds, Impregnated with small diamond particles, Inserted with tungsten carbide slugs or strips, hard-faced with various hard surfacing materials, or furnished In sawtooth form; all as appropriate to the formation being cored. Bit matrix material, crown shape, water-way type, location and number of water ways, diamond size and carat weight, and bit facing materials shall be configured for general purpose work unless otherwise dictated by the requirements of the drilling project. The Geologist/Field Engineer shall observe the condition of the core bit to be used. Worn or damaged bits can Impede drilling and damage core samples. 7.5 Drilling Fluids The primary functions of drilling fluids are to cool the bit and core barrel and to remove cuttings from the borehole. This can be accomplished with air or water circulated through the barrel and borehole. A secondary function, which on many drilling projects can be critical, 1s to support the borehole wall against caving. Drilling fluids such as a mud or a foaming agent are used for this additional purpose. These agents may also Improve cutting removal due to their weight or chemical properties. Water based bentonlte mud Is the most common drilling fluid In use. The type of drilling fluid used on a rock coring project will depend on the depth of drilling, formations to be drilled through, subsurface conditions encountered, and environmental requirements. Any restriction In the type of drilling fluid to be used should be defined by the Project Manager In the . driller's subcontractor through communications with the client. 8. PROCEDURES 8.1 Protect'BHeflno and Site Preparation The Project Manager shall ensure that all Golder Associates and Contractor personnel are briefed on the Importance of proper drilling and sampling techniques, health and safety requirements, and Issues addressed in this technical procedure and In the work plan. All personnel shall be advised that unanticipated conditions may necessitate changes In standard and accepted procedures as outlined In this technical procedure; all such changes must be authorized and documented as noted In 8.5 below. AR30I0614 TP-1.2-1 ' Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______Page 5 of 9 It must be emphasized that the Geologist/Field Engineer 1s In the position of representing Golder Associates and the Interests of the client, and Is, therefore, responsible for ensuring that contract specifications are met and the quality of work meets acceptable standards. Prior to drilling, the Geologist/Field Engineer should check over the type and condition of drilling equipment, and document any observations In the Record of Drillhole form (see Exhibit B, TP-1.2-2) and/or Held logbook. A checklist follows: • Core barrel: - Note type - Note length - Check stralghtness - Inner and outer barrels must be free to rotate as designed - Core catcher must be clean, free rotating, and tapered Inward • . Core bit: - Note type (record serial number, 1f available) - Note conditions (diamonds should look and feel sharp or prickly tp touch) . Drill rod - Note lengths - Check stralghtness • Drill rig - Note type, manufacturer, and model number used - Verify levelness of drill pad - Check general stability of drill pad - Verify any Inclination of hole and record.angle • Check all other pertinent equipment, record Information as appropriate - pumps - water truck - other 8.2 Drilling and Sampling The Geologist/Field Engineer should work with the driller to ensure recovery of core samples that have suffered a minimum of disturbance with a maximum of core recovery. Notes shall be kept In a dally log regarding the nature of drilling problems encountered and the depth at which they occurred. Deviations from standard procedures should be noted; see Section 8.5 below. The Geologist/Field Engineer Is responsible for ensuring that the job proceeds as specified In this technical procedure and as outlined In the work plan or Instruction. In the event that the Integrity of the core samples are being compromised by procedures or the equipment employed being used, the Geologist/Field Engineer shall request appropriate changes or stop work. AR30I065 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______H.,^-______Page 6 of 9 ... ^ When working on an environmental Investigation, extreme caution should be taken to guard against the possibility of sample contamination. The project work plan or Instructions should be followed as closely as possible on these .and ail projects, especially where coring Intervals and specific sampling methods are identified. The Geologist/Field Engineer should take care in handling the core when removing It from the core barrel, and shall emphasize the same degree of care to the driller. Core logging, marking, boxing, and storage shall be In compliance with procedure TP-1.2-2, "Geotechnlcal Rock Core Logging.* 8.3 Poor Recovery Core losses are an Important Indication of potentially poor geotechnlcal conditions since they commonly occur In weak or highly fractured zones. Poor recovery makes It difficult to adequately characterize the rock mass. If poor recovery Is observed, the Geologist/Field Engineer shall ensure that the necessary steps are taken to make Improvements. Such measure Include: checking rig, core barrel, and core bit operation; cleaning out the boring before proceeding; modifying the drilling speed or pressure; or drilling shortened core runs. Several factors affect core recovery. The following 11st outlines causes of poor recovery and shall be considered when looking for a means to remedy the situation. • Drilling for footage; A penetration rate that Is too fast can damage the core. Often drilling contracts are written on a footage basis, which may place the driller at odds with the field representative when drilling becomes difficult. It Is Important, however, for the geologist/field engineer to remember that the purpose of the coring job is to obtain good quality information on the core. • • Broken, soft, or unconsolidated formations! Loss may be caused by the drilling fluid washing away the formation as it is drilled, but before it can enter the core barrel. The core could be subject to grinding due to fractured rock wedging in the core barrel, thus blocking the bit. Failure of the lifter to hold the broken material in the barrel while the core is being pulled can also occur. * Whipping of drill rods: Worn guides may allow the drill rods to whip, causing the core bit to vibrate. This can grind up the core or reduce its diameter, which may make it difficult for the core catcher to retain the core in the barrel while it Is being pulled. • Improper rotation speed; Sometimes slow rotation speeds will cause vibrations in the drill rod which can break down the formation and result in core loss. AR30I066 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______Page 7 of 9 ^ • Excessive b-1t or fluid (air, water, or mudi pressure: High pressures may wash away weak, soft, or unconsolidated material, preventing It from entering the core barrel. Discharge at the top of the casing should be observed for evidence of destruction to the core. Rock chips instead of powdered rock indicates washing and excessive bit pressure. • Insufficient pump pressure: If the pump pressure is too low the bit will become clogged, reducing core recovery. • Rotation of the inner core barrel; This may cause the ends of pieces of the core within the barrel to grind against each other, wearing away adjacent lengths. Careful Inspection of core will disclose this condition. The core barrel should be taken apart and repaired. • Cavities. .Joints, or seams: Weak planes within a formation can cause the core to break, allowing it to wash away before it moves into the core barrel or grind up and fall out of the core barrel during removal. • Blocked bit; When a piece of core becomes wedged In the bit so that it rotates with the bit rather than passing into the core barrel without rotation, the bit 1s said to be blocked. When drilling is continued with a blocked bit, core 1s destroyed due to grinding. Core \J that shows rounded edges was almost certainly damaged either by a blocked bit or rotation of the Inner core barrel. • Full core barrel; Continuation of drilling after the core barrel is full can damage or destroy the core. 8.4 Decontamination of Drilling Equipment For environmental site investigations, drilling equipment must be thoroughly cleaned to avoid cross-sample contamination. Any piece of equipment which poses the threat of contaminating a core sample by coming Into contact with the air, drilling mud or foam, or the sample shall be cleaned prior to obtaining each sample. This Includes drill rods, coring tools, and sampling tools. General drilling equipment, as specified in the project plan, shall be decontaminated prior to use on another borehole. Unless specified otherwise in the project plan, tools and equipment shall be decontaminated by the following regimen: • removal of large pieces of material by brushing or scraping; • high pressure, high temperature steam cleaning with non-phosphate detergent; • wash with distilled de-ionized water; AR30I067 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING______Page 6 of 9 • rinse with methanol; and a • second rinse with distilled de-ionized water. On a site with known or suspected contamination with hazardous waste, decontamination shall take place in a specified decontamination area. Cuttings and material removed from the equipment should be sealed in barrels for disposal. Wash and rinse fluids shall be collected for appropriate disposal. Responsibility for disposal shall be defined in the governing project work plans or Instructions. 8.5 Project Alteration Checklist Variation from established procedure requirements may be necessary due to unique circumstances encountered on Individual projects. All variations from established procedures shall be documented on Procedure Alternation Checklists (Exhibit. A) and reviewed by the Project Manager and the QA Manager. The Project Manager may authorize individual Geologist/Field Engineers to initiate variations as necessary. If possible, the request for variation shall be reviewed by the Project Manager and the QA Manager prior to implementation. If prior review 1s not possible, and If authorized by Project Manager, the variation may be implemented Immediately at the direction of the Geologist/Field Engineer, provided that the Project Manager is notified of the variation within 24 hours of implementation, and the Procedure Alteration Checklist is forwarded to the Project Manager and QA Manager for review within 2 working days of implementation. If the variation is unacceptable to either reviewer, the activity shall be reperformed or action shall be taken as indicated in the Comments section of the Checklist. • All completed Procedure Alteration Checklist shall be maintained in project records. AR30I068 TP-1.2-1 Revision 0 ROCK CORE DRILLING AND SAMPLING ——————— ?W 9 Of 9 EXHIBIT A PROCEDURE ALTERATION CHECKLIST Job/Task Mufflb»r: _.., , Prnet Ruton for VaHxtlan: _ .,„._...„. „„, Special Equtpncnt, Mattrlal or Pwsennil Rtqulred: _„ . Alteration Rtqu tiled By! Date: T1tl». Reviewed Bys Dite: BIM __ m Title: CAT Pro1*ct Manioer CaoneRti; mi .., Revlewtd By; Date: , „._.,,. TltHj fiAl OA Hiniotr _ ._ Ce«»ent»! ,.,,_,.„ ' , „,__, Odder Aisodatei AR30I069 SAMPLING SURFACE SOIL FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AR30I SAMPLING SSRFftCE SOIL FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS December 1989______Page! of 5 1.0 PURPOSE This Technical Procedure is to be used to establish uniform aethods of sampling of surface soils. Provisions are nade for analyses and recording of data. 2.0 APPLICABILITY This Technical Procedure is applicable to personnel sampling surface soils for chemical analyses. 3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Surface Soil: Any soils that are on the land surface or are exposed by hand digging or boring within five (5) feet of the land surface. 3.2 Sampling Interval: The depth interval which the soil sample represents. 3.3 In Situ Soils: Soils that are in place within the soil column. 4 . 0 REFERENCES 4.1 U.S. EPA, 1932 (updated 1934). Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods: SW-846. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, D.C. 5.0 DISCUSSION 5.1 None 6.0 RESPONSIBILITY 6.1 Sampling Technician: • Responsible for completing the assigned sampling in accordance with this Technical Procedure. 6.2 Task Leader: Responsible for determining the soils to be sampled and ensuring that sampling procedure and sample documentation are in accordance with this procedure and applicable project plans. Goffer Ai.ocl.te, AR3QI07I SAMPLING SURFACE SOIL FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS December 1989 ______' ______Pace 2 of s 6.3 Project Manager: Responsible fo..r -, * determinin- , )t ' g the type . of chemical analyses to be performed on the soil camples* 7.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 7.1 Cite nap, nap board and/or clipboard. 7.2 Field notebook or Field Report forms (Exhibit A). 7.3 Assorted standard field equipment (e.g., hammers, post- hole digger, shovel, hand auger) for exposing coils to be campled. 7.4 Measuring tape. 7.5 Engineers rule (minimum 6 feet long, with 0.10 foot graduations). 7.6 .Indelible ink pens. 7.7 Two inch wood stakes and flagging material. 7.8 'Sampling equipment appropriate for soils to be analyzed for non-volatile constituents. All such equipment shall be metal (steel, stainless steel or aluminum) and includes split spoon samplers, hand augers, hand scoops, sampling thiefs or sampling tiers (see reference 4.1 for details on campling equipment). 7.9 If volatile constituente are to be analyzed in the coil camples, the campling equipment ehall be designed to minimize exposure to the atmosphere. A metal drive tube appropriate for the eize of the coil particles shall be used. 7.10 Sample bottles, eize commensurate with the desired cample and coil particle eize. 7.11 Chain-of-Custody Records and seals. 7.12 Sample Integrity Data Sheets (Exhibit B). 7.13 Carbon paper, if necessary. 7.14 Decontamination solutions such as organic free dietilled/deionized water, non-phosphate detergent, tap water, methanol (for organic analytes), nitric acid (for metal analytes). 7.15 Decontamination equipment euch as brushes, sprayers and containers for capturing waste colutions. Colder Associates ' HR30I072 SAMPLING SURFACE SOIL FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS December 1989______:______Page 3 of 5 7.16 Sample labels. . • . W 8.0 PROCEDURE 8.1 The sample location will have been surveyed and marked with a wooden stake, labeled with the boring number, prior to sampling. 8.2 Relevant sampling events, including on-site personnel and visitors, shall be recorded on the Field Report forms (Exhibit A) in triplicate. Events shall be recorded chronologically with the time of each event noted. 8.3 All sampling equipment (split spoons, hand augers, drive tubes, etc.) shall be decontaminated before and after each use. Hollow stem auger flights shall be steam cleaned prior to use at each sample location. The sampling equipment will be washed with non- phosphate detergent solution. Brushes shall be used to aid in removing all visible soil grit. A tap water rinse will be used to thoroughly removal all detergent solution. If trace metals are of interest, rinse three times with distilled water, followed by a rinse with 10 percent trace-metal analysis grade nitric acid, followed by another triple rinse of distilled Water. \^J If organics are to be analyzed, a final step is required, consisting of an HPLC-grade methanol rinse followed by a triple rinse with distilled water. The methanol should be allowed to evaporate before a final rinse with distilled water. All rinseate shall be captured and contained for proper disposal. Responsibility for disposal shall be as identified in the project plans. 8.4 The soils to be sampled will be exposed prior to sample acquisition. If the upper six inches of soils are to be sampled, then surface vegetation shall be removed. If samples are to represent discrete depth intervals below land surface then overlying soils shall be removed by a shovel, post-hole digger or hand auger to the desired interval. 8.5 A soil sample of in-situ materials shall be obtained froxa the desired sampling interval. If analytes are not volatile, an in-situ soil sample can be obtained from the desired sampling interval using the most convenient .equipment such as: a hand scoop, hand auger, sampling (thief) or tier, whichever is most suitable for obtaining in-situ soils. The soils shall be visually inspected and immediately put into the . Colder Associates AR30I073 SAMPLING SURFACE SOIL FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS December 1989 ______P&ae 4 of g appropriate cample bottle. No preservatives shall be added to the cample. 8.6 If analytes are volatile, the in-eitu coil cample shall be obtained from the desired campling interval using a drive tube sampler. Contact between the atmosphere and the cample must be minimized. The drive tube sampler shall be driven into the materials with a hammer. 8.7 Materials ehall be transferred from the sampler directly to the cample container using epatulas (plastic for metals analyeie, etainlecs eteel or aluminum for organics). Special care should be taken to avoid eample contact with other materials. An air- tight cap ehall be placed immediately on the eample bottle. No preservatives ehall be added to the eample. 8.8 If coil eample composites are to be established, equal volumes of individual samples will be added together for the composite eample. The composite cample will be given an individual eample number and the sample number ; of each added eample (compositing the composite eample) will be recorded on the Sample Integrity Data Sheet (Exhibit B). Locations of the individual camples are recorded on the base map. 8.9 Samples are immediately labeled and relevant 'data recorded on the Sample Integrity Data Sheet for each eample. Site-specific details regarding labeling and recording ehall be provided in the project QA plan. 8.8 Samples ehall be placed in a cold cooler (about 4*C) as coon as possible and the temperature of the cooler ehall be recorded on the Sample Integrity Data Sheet. The cooler of samples ehall be within view of the Colder Geologist/Hydrogeologist at all times or in locked storage. A Chain-of-Cuetody Record ehall be filled out and maintained as specified in the project QA plan. 8.9 Samples cent or delivered to the chemical analytical laboratory ehall be transferred in accordance with the project QA plan. The original Chain-of-Cuetody Record ehall accompany the camples to the laboratory. ' 8.10 Any hole made to obtain samples shall be backfilled with coil materials removed from the hole, unless the hole collapses. 8.11 Field Report forms (Exhibit A) ehall be prepared by the Colder Geologist/Hydrogeologist to record daily campling activities. The Field Report forms shall follow chronological format and include the time of Colder Associates AR30l07tt SAMPLING SURFACE SOIL FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS December 1989______Page 5 pf g t each event documented. The base, map shall be used to record each sampling location by the Colder Field Engineer/Geologist. Sample Integrity Data Sheets shall be used to record information regarding soil samples that will be chemically analyzed. Chain-of-Custody Records shall be used to record the custody and transferal of samples. 8.11.1 Field records shall be made in triplicate at the work site and the originals (except Chain-of-Custody Records) shall be transmitted to the home office on a daily basis. A copy shall be given to the Task Leader and the Colder Geologist/Hydro- geologist shall retain the other copy for reference. 8.11.2 All copies of field records (including original base map and chain-of-custody record) shall be hand delivered to the home office upon completion of the field activity. Colder Associates AR30I075 Exhibit A COLDER ASSOCIATES MU MWCCT TO ______^ MM THE FOLLOWING WAS NOTED; . eoncs ftR30!076 SAMPLE INTEGRITY DATA SHEET Plant/Site —————————————————————— Project No. Site Location——I——————————————__ Sample ID Sampling Location - Technical Procedure Referenced) Type of Sampler ______Date..______Time______«_ Media———————————————__ Station______„ Sample Type: grab time composite space composite Sample Acquisition Measurements (depth, volume of static well water and purged water, etc.) Sample Field Measurements on Sample (pH. conductivity, etc.) Aliquot Amount Container Preservation/Amount Sampler (signature)——————————-—___ Date Supervisor f»»j*«»t»«i Date Gold* Anodttes Inc. AR30I077 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION AR30I078 TP-1.2-12 Revisions May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Page ii of 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Purpose 1 2. APPLICABILITY 1 3. DEFINITIONS 1 3.1 Monitoring wells 1 3.2 Bentonite 1 3.3 Drive Casing 1 3.4 Grout 1 3.5 Well Screen 1 3.6 Monitoring Interval 1 4. REFERENCES 2 5. DISCUSSION 2 6. RESPONSIBILITIES 2 6.1 HydrogeologisVField Engineer 2 6.2 Task Leader 2 6.3 Project Manager 3 7. EQUIPMENT 3 7.1 Drilling Equipment 3 7.2 Field Engineering Equipment and Logs . 4 7.3 Health and Safety Equipment 4 8. TaOCr.DURES 5 3.1 Regulatory Confederations 5 8.2 Materials 5 8.11 Well Screen 5 8.2.2 Centraiizers (Optional) 6 8.2.3 Riser Pipe - 6 .8.14 Steel Casing 7 8.15 Fill?:* pack 7 3.16 CemenfBentonite Grout 7 8.2.7 Bentonite Grout 8 AR30I079 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______P_aeeiii of 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS' fCont.) Pape No. 8.19 Pure Gold 8 8.110 Bentonite Pellets/Chips 8 8.111 Concrete 9 8.3 Well Borehole Drilling 9 8.3.1 General Precautions 9 8.3.2 Documentation 9 8.3.3 Initial Equipment Evaluation and Inspection 10 8.3.4 Decontamination of the Drill Rig and Drill Equipment 10 8.3.5 Setting up the Drill Rig 11 8.3.6 Borehole Size and Drilling • 11 8.3.7 Capture of Drill Cuttings and Ground water 11 8.3.8 Verifying the Completed Borehole 11 8.4 Well Installation 12 8.4.1 General Requirements 12 8.4.2 Evaluation of the Borehole 12 8.4.3 Assembly of Well Screen and Riser 13 8.4.4 Setting the Well Screen and Riser String 13 8.45 Placement of the Filter Pack 13 8.4.6 Placement of the Bentonite Seal 14 8.4.7 Grouting the Annular Seal 14 8.4.8 Placement of Protective Well Monument, Concrete Pad/Seal 14 85 Well Development and Acceptance 15 85.1 Pumps and Accessories for Well Development 15 85.1.1 Submersible Pumps 15 85.1.2 Bladder Pumps 15 85.1.3 Jet Pumps 16 65.1.4 Bailers 16 85.15 Compressed Air 16 85.1.6 Bottled Nitrogen 16 85.2 Well Development 16 8.5.3 Well Recovery Test 17 85.4 Well Acceptance 17 8.6 Site Cleanup . 17 8.7 Procedure Alteration Checklist 18 8.8 WeD Location 18 AR30I080 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Paeelofia 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose This document establishes uniform procedures for the selection of materials and installation of monitoring wells in unconsolidated and consolidated deposits. 2. APPLICABILITY This technical procedure is applicable to all Colder Associates Inc. (Colder) personnel involved with the design and installation of groundwater monitoring wells. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Monitoring wells A monitoring well is a well completed within a specific zone of interest, of sufficient diameter and construction to allow sampling and/or pump testing. 3.2 Bentonite Bentonite is an expanding sodium bentonite day used to seal the annular space between v_J the production casing and the wall of the borehole. Calcium bentonite may be more appropriate in calcium-rich environments due to reduced cation exchange potential. 3.3 Drive Casing Drive casing is a pipe used to line a borehole to prohibit caving and/or prevent direct flow from the formation into the borehole. Hollow stem augers may be considered as analogous in function to drive casing for the purposes of this Technical Procedure. 3.4 Grout Grout is a cement and/or bentonite mixture, originally fluid enough to flow through tremie pipes, used to seal casing within a borehole. Specifications are given in Section 8.2 below. 35 Well Screen A well screen is a manufactured wire-wrapped or slotted pipe which allows the flow of water from the formation into the well. 3.6 Monitoring Interval The monitoring interval is the only zone in which groundwater can enter the well. AR30I08I TP-1.2-1 2 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______Pag e 2 of IB 4. REFERENCES 4.1 ASTM D 1785 - Threaded, Flush Couplings on PVC Pipe. 4.2 Colder Associates Inc. Technical Procedure TP-1.2-1, "Rock Core Drilling and Sampling". 4.3 Colder Associates Inc. Technical Procedure TP-1.2-5, "Drilling, Sampling, and Logging of Soils". 4.4 Colder Associates Inc. Technical Procedure TP-I.4.6, "Water Level Measurement" 4.6 Federal Regulations and Guidance • 40 CFR 264/265 Subpart F Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Ground-Water Monitoring • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act '(CERCLA) • Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (OSWER-9950.1) 5. DISCUSSION General discussions are included in Section 8.0 below. 6. RESPONSIBILITIES 6.1 Hydrogeologist'Field Engineer Hydrogeologist/Field engineers are responsible for well installation in compliance with this procedure. 6.2 Task Leader Task leaders are responsible for: • Direct supervision of personnel drilling boreholes and installing monitoring wells; • Assurance that equipment and materials are available to permit accomplishment of the task; • Review and approval of daily work reports; and AR30I082 TP-12-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Page 3 of 18 • The completion of drilling operations and well installations to the satisfaction of Colder Associates' standards of operation and the clients requirements. On small projects, the Task Leader's responsibilities may be assumed by Project Manager. 6.3 Project Manager The Project Manager shall be responsible for: • Selecting location of the boreholes at the site and determining depth and the various design details of the monitoring well completion; • Selection and contracting of services of drilling subcontractors; • Scheduling; • Providing guidelines or specific work instructions for technical requirements beyond the scope of the applicable technical procedures; and • The completion of drilling operations and well installations to the satisfaction of Golder's standards of operation and the clients' requirements. 7. EQUIPMENT 7.1 Drilling Equipment The following equipment may be used on most well drilling and installation jobs: • A suitable drill rig (usually auger, cable tool or rotary) with all equipment and accessories required for completing the job. The drill rig should be examined to determine the general condition, how well it has been maintained, and the genera] deanliness of the drill rig and equipment. The drilling equipment should be relatively free of oils and grease; • A steam deaner for deaning drilling equipment between holes with assodated wash rinse solutions storage tanks brushes, and other equipment as necessary to capture and contain decontamination solutions; • Additional equipment that may be required for drilling such as water trucks, drive casing, booster compressors, mud pumps, additional support vehides and equipment, etc.; and • A grout pump, mixer, and suitable dean tremie pipe or line. AR30I083 TP-12-12 , Revision 6 '-;u May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Paee 4 of 18 7.2 Field Engineering Equipment and Logs The following equipment is recommended for documenting the construction of groundwater monitoring wells: • Clipboard; • Indelible ink pens, pencils, and felt tip markers; • Engineering pocket tape measure with 0.01 foot increments; • Weighted engineering tape for sounding well material depth; the length of tape should be suitable for total anticipated well depth; • Bottles for collecting samples of well construction materials; • Sample containers for stratigraphic samples; • Sample containers, cooler, etc for chemical laboratory samples; • History of Hole forms (Exhibit A); • Borehole Log forms (See TP-1.2-5); • Monitoring Well Construction Forms (Exhibit B); and • Procedure Alternation Checklist (Exhibjt C). 7.3 Health and Safety Equipment • Hard hat; • Steel toed rubber boots; • Suitable clothing-long sleeve shirts, long pants, etc.; • Tyvek, other protective clothing, and respiratory protection devices as required by applicable site health and safety plans; • Protective eyewear; • OVA, HNU or other monitoring equipment as required by applicable health and safety plans; and ' • Hearing protection. AR30I08U TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______Paee 5 of 18 8. PROCEDURES v, 8.1 Regulatory Considerations In most states, monitoring well installation is specifically regulated by state laws and guidelines that pertain to the drilling, installation and abandonment of monitoring wells. STATE REGULATIONS MUST BE REVIEWED BEFORE DESIGNING, DRILLING, AND INSTALLING MONITORING WELLS. At a minimum, the following actions must be taken: • Initiate start cards or other documents that may be required to drill and install monitoring wells • Ensure that monitoring wells will be drilled and installed by a contractor that is licensed and meets all requirements for conducting operations in that particular state; • Initiate utility location process and document the location of all utilities before drilling. Check local codes for safety equipment (i.e., traffic codes, fire codes, etc.) required around drill rig during operation .within dry limits. Check that additional permits such as excavation or cultural reviews are not required; and • Ensure that all follow up well installation reports required by regulatory agendes are completed by the drilling contractor and submitted. > j 8.2 Materials 8.2.1 Well Screen * The weO screen shall normally consists of machine slotted, schedule 40 or 80 (ASTM-D1785) PVC pipe with flush joint threads. The use of other materials such as stainless steel may be required for certain situations where PVC may be reactive or inhibit the collection of representative groundwater samples; use of alternative materials shall be specified by the Project Manager or site-specific work plans. The interval between joints shall be five to twenty feet in length. Minimum requirements are identified below: • A flush threaded PVC bottom plug shall be installed securely in order to withstand all installation and development pressures without becoming damaged or dislodged. • As a general rule, screen length should be the minimum necessary to achieve the objective for monitoring. The lengths of screens shall be determined by the Project Manager based on die site hydrogeology. The screened interval will usually be 10 to 20 feet in length (taking into account any annual fluctuations AR3QI085 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 ; '- May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Paee 6 of!8 in the water table) if the well is designed to intercept the top of the water table. Wells completed at depth below the top of the water table will usually be completed with 5 to 10 feet of screen. • All flush joint threads shall be sealed with the supplied manufactured o-ring seals; teflon tape shall only be applied to the male threaded ends if the pipe is not equipped with o-rings • The slot size will typically be 0.010 or 0.020-inches. The slot size shall be specified by the Project Manager be determined relative to the formation particle size and the filter pack grain size. • The screens shall have been factory deaned to remove all oils, greases, solvents, waxes, etc. used in the manufacturing process and shall be individually wrapped and sealed or collectively stored and sealed in boxes from the factory. 8.2.2 Centralizers (Optional) If required by the Project Manger or project work plans, friction or bolt-on style PVC or stainless steel centralizers shall be used. 8.13 Riser Pipe The riser pipe shall consist of schedule 40 or schedule 80 (ASTM D1785) PVC pipe with flush joint threads; the interval between joints shall be five to twenty feet. Minimum requirements are itemized below: • A slip cap shall be provided for the top of the riser. • All flush joint threads will be sealed with the supplied manufactured o-ring seals; teflon tape shall only be applied to the male threaded ends if the pipe is not equipped with o-rings. • Riveted or glued joints shaH not be permitted • The riser pipe shall have been factory deaned to remove all oils, greases, solvents, waxes, etc. used in the manufacturing process and shaH be individually wrapped and sealed or collectively stored and sealed in boxes from the factory. AR30I086 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION Page 7 of 18 8.2.4 Steel Casing In the event that a well requires permanent steel casing for hole stability or contamination sedusion, the following minimum requirements shall apply: • The minimum inside diameter of steel casing shall be 4 inches in diameter larger than the nominal diameter of the well screen and riser. • The minimum wall thickness of steel casing shaH be 0.125 inches; thicker casing may be required by state regulations or good engineering practice. • The ends of sections of casing shall be threaded or beveled for welding. • The casing should be in good condition and not out of round. 8.2.5 Filter pack The filter pack shall consist of dry, uniform, well rounded and spherical grains of silica sand. The size of the sand grains will be selected by the Colder Hydrogeologist/Field Engineer based on the water-bearing aquifer formation characteristics and the size of the screen slots. The sand shall be packaged in sacks with polyethylene liners and clearly labeled as to manufacturer and mesh size of sand. 8.2.6 Cement/Bentonite Grout Cement/Bentonite grout shall consist of a mixture of Portland Cement with 3-S9& bentonite by weight added to help expand the cement on setting, thus providing a tighter seal. No other additives to the cement shall be permitted. Cement shall be Portland Cement Type I or Type II meeting ASTM C 150. The use of Hi Early Type HI Cement is prohibited. Bentonite shall be powdered sodium bentonite furnished in sacks without additives; calcium bentonite may be used in certain calcium-rich environments. Water used during the installation operation for mixing cement/Bentonite grout shall be obtained from a . potable source of known chemical quality designated by the Colder Hydrogeologist/Field Engineer. Cement shall be mixed with water in the proportions of five to six gallons of water per 94-lb sack of cement Three to five pounds of bentonite powder shall be added to the mix for each sack of cement used. The grout shaH be thoroughly mixed with a paddle type mechanical mixer or by circulating tine mix through a pump until all lumps are removed. Grout which is lumpy shall be rejected. AR30I087 TP-1.2-12 Revision'6 ' May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______Pag e 8 of 18 8.17 Bentonite Grout Bentonite grout shall be made from a bentonite powder and/or granules for use below the water table. The bentonite grout shall have a specific gravity of 25, a dry bulk density of 55 Ib/ft3, and a ph of 9 to 105. Bentonite grout, when mixed, will have a thick batter-like consistency. Bentonite grout shall be mixed and used according to manufacturer's specifications and recommendations. Bentonite shaH be powdered or granular (8-20 mesh) sodium bentonite furnished in sacks without additives. Water used during installation operations for mixing bentonite grout shall be obtained from a potable source of known chemical quality identified by the Colder Hydrageologjst/Field Engineer. The grout shall be thoroughly mixed with a paddle type mechanical mixed or by circulating the mix through a pump until all lumps are removed. Grout which is lumpy shall be rejected. 8.2.8 Volclay Volclay is a trade name bentonite product that is modified with an initiator to increase the solids and set strength of the grout. The grout remains pumpable up to 2 hours but should be placed as soon after mixing is completed as possible. It sets up after 8-24 hours with final cure 24-72 hours after placement. The normal mix is 11 pounds of Volday to 1 gallon of water. 14.3 pounds of Volclay mixed with 6.7 gallons of water yields 1 cubic foot of grout. A 50-pound bag of Volclay with the 2-pound bag of initiator mixed with about 24 gallons of water makes up about 35 cubic feet of grout Because of potential dessication and shrinkange, volclay shall only be used for sealing within water-saturated environments. 8.2.9 Pure Gold • Pure Gold is a trade name bentonite product that is an organic-free high-solids bentonite clay grout that has been tested and is certified to be free of contaminants. A 50-pound bag of Pure Gold grout is mixed with 14 gallons of water to yield approximately 12 cubic feet of grout The grout should have density of 102 Ibs/gal. Because of potential dessication and shrinkage, pure gold shall only be used for sealing within water-saturated environments. 8.2.10 Bentonite Pellets/Chips The seal above the filter sand usually consists of bentonite pellets. Bentonite pellets will usually be a nominal 1/4- or 3/8-in. diameter round or cylindrical pellets consisting of untreated sodium bentonite, packaged in plastic buckets or plastic lined sacks. Each sack or bucket shall be dearly labeled as to the pellet size. The dry bulk density shall be at least 80 Ibs/ftV The diameter of the pellets or chips shall be less than one-half the width of the annular space into which they are to be placed. AR30I088 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION Page 9 of 18 8.111 Concrete Concrete, when used in monitoring well construction, shaU be composed of either premixed, bagged concrete, or a mix of six sacks of cement per cubic yard. Neither additives nor borehole cuttings shaH be mixed with the concrete. The concrete pad is not usually steel reinforced. Concrete shaH be mixed in accordance with manufacturer's specifications; water must be from an approved source with known chemical quality. 8.3 Well Borehole Drilling 8.3.1 General Precautions AH water used for mixing cement or bentonite grout or used down hole during drilling must be chemically characterized, particularly for the analytes of interest at the site. The Project Manager or Task Leader must approve the water source before use. AH bentonite and cement must be pure. Additives either contained in these materials or to be added to the mixture must be approved in writing by the Colder Project Manager. AH weU screens and weU casings must be factory deaned and sealed or decontaminated prior to use. The seal must not be opened until use. The casing should not be allowed to touch the ground while installing. AH down hole drilling equipment must be decontaminated and cleaned prior to use on a borehole or before being demobilized from the site as noted in Section 8.3.4. below. The decontamination includes steam cleaning with a non-phosphate detergent followed by rinsing with approved tap water. The tap water rinse must be thorough to remove all detergent and grit AH wash solution will be captured and tested prior to disposal. The appropriate state agency will be consulted with the test results for determination of the proper mode of disposal. 8.3.2 Documentation The Hydrogeologist/Field Engineer shaH be responsible for ensuring that the drilling contractor completes and submits any required start cards, and, following completion of the well, any weU records required by state agendes. AH such records shaH be reviewed and approved by the Colder Project Manager prior to submittal The drilling contractor shaH be responsible for maintaining a daily log that shaH be forwarded to the Hydrogeologist/Field Engineer on a daily basis. This log shaH be a continuous, chronological log for each borehole/well and should indude the following information: Date, well number, drillers name and company, depth and drilling characteristics of each stratigraphic unit drilled, the depth and thickness of each stratigraphic and water bearing zone encountered, any moist zones encountered, the time work starts and stops each day (and the hours spent at each task), time and durations of all shutdowns, depths of collected samples, method of drilling and any problems encountered, size of drill bit used, size, amount and type of any temporary or permanent casing used, amount of water yielded or lost during drilling, type and amount of any drilling additives used, and the type and amount of any lubricants, if any, used on the drilling equipment AR30I089 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______Page 10 of 18 The Golder.Hydrogeofogist/Field Engineer shaH be responsible for documenting the drilling operations, sample collection and construction of the monitoring wefl. AH significant drilling events during the installation of each monitoring well shaH be documented daily on History of Hole forms (Exhibit A). The documentation shall indude the time that the events occurred; particular emphasis shaH be placed on documenting the production hours and hours delayed in production, with appropriate explanations. Notes on the weather conditions and drilling personnel shaH also be recorded. During completion, all backfiHed materials and depths of well screens will be sounded with a measuring tape with attached weight on One sounding end. WeU completion details shaH be recorded on the Monitoring Well Installation Log (Exhibit B) by the Colder HydrogeologisVField Engineer. AH information presented on the Monitoring WeH Installation Log shaH be recorded, or N/A for Not Available or Not Applicable entered as appropriate. 8.3.3 Initial Equipment Evaluation and Inspection As soon as possible after the drill rig arrives on site, and certainly prior to beginning the drilling operation or decontamination of the drill rig, inspect and evaluate the drilling equipment supplied by the drilling contractor. The equipment should appear to be in good working condition, be maintained properly, and be the proper equipment for the job. Examine the rig for any oil or other fluid leaks that may be hard to detect after the drill rig has been decontaminated. If leaks are detected, discuss them with the contractor and arrange for them to be repaired or arrange for other means of containing the leaks around the well site. Inspect aH equipment to be used by the contractor; this is the time to have arrangements made to get missing equipment to the site. 8.3.4 Decontamination of the Drill Rig and Drill Equipment The drilling rig and aH equipment in contact with soil materials or borehole fluids shaH be steam deaned (high pressure at 80 psi and high temperature at +180° F is acceptable) between each borehole. The contractor shaH normally supply the equipment necessary for this decontamination. Fittings shaH be carefully greased and fluids carefuHy added to the drill rig before cleaning. Decontamination shaH be conducted at an approved dean location outside the immediate drilling site. Any hazardous materials removed from the equipment must be contained to prevent the spread or release of such materials. Tools and sampling equipment (e.g., split spoon sampler, submersible pumps) to be used for soil sampling or aquifer testing shaH generally be decontaminated by steam-deaning. However, at the Project Manger or Task Leader's direction, the foUowing additional decontamination method may be required: dean by wiping or scrubbing off visible participate matter; wash with a laboratory-grade non-phosphate detergent (e.g.rAlconox), rinse with dean water and methanol (technical grade or better); and final rinse with distilled deionized water. The detergent, methanol (where necessary), and distiHed water will usually be provided by Colder. AH other decontamination equipment (e.g., brushes, dean water, buckets, steam deaner) shaH normaHy be provided by the contractor. AR30I090 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______Pag e 11 of 18 8.35 Setting up the Drill Rig Very fragile surfaces such as a sod yard should be protected using sheets of plywood to protect the land surface. Cut a hole in one sheet of plywood the size of the borehole for placing directly over the hole and place other sheets as needed around the site. Account for the prevalent wind direction if the rig wiH require a preferred orientation for extra cooling. Plan for the direction the dust or cuttings wiH be blown and the direction that will be downwind of the borehole if it is likely to emit volatile organic vapors. Dedde which direction the water produced during the drilling operations wiH flow. Drill rig set up shall be planned with the contractor. The drill rig shall be set up by the contractor using levels to insure that the borehole is as plumb as possible. The verticaHty of the kelly or mast should be determined in two directions: side to side and fore and aft Ensure that the drill rig is adequately blocked below the jacks so that the rig is stable and minimum damage occurs to the land surface. 8.3.6 Borehole Size and Drilling Methods The borehole size will be partly determined by the anticipated drilling requirements to reach the anticipated depth, i.e., wiH temporary casing have to be driven with the possibility of telescoping casing if refusal is encountered. The borehole size wiH also be determined by the completion size of the final weH production casing and by the state or other regulatory requirements governing the size of the annular space around production and surface casing. The drill hole size and drilling methods wiH be determined by the Project Manager; methods may be selected from those provided in TP-1.2-5, "Drilling Sampling, and Logging of Soils", or TP-1.2-1, "Rock Core Drilling and Sampling". 8.3.7 Capture of Drill Cuttings and Groundwater The soil or rock cuttings produced during the drilling operations and any groundwater produced by drilling below the water table may have to be captured if contaminants are anticipated or the site does not allow for the disposal of dean driU cuttings around the drill site. Unless otherwise directed by the Project Manger, the drifl cuttings and groundwater should be captured in 55-gaHon drums. The borehole number and depths of the cuttings contained in each drum should be noted in permanent paint on the side of the drum and on the lid. The soils and water can then be tested for the presence of the targeted contaminants. If the contaminants are detected, then the drummed cuttings and water must be disposed of in a proper manner as directed by state or other regulatory agendes. 8.3.8 Verifying the Completed Borehole Once the borehole has been completed, verify the final depth and determine how dean the borehole is by lowering and retrieving a weighted engineering tape to the total depth of the weH. Lower a water level measuring probe down the borehole and record the water level in the borehole following completion of the borehole In compliance with procedure TP-1.4-6, "Water Level Measurement". If the borehole is to stand for any period AR30I09I TP-1.2-12 :ii•••<•• Revision 6 \W*i May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION !______Paee 12 of 18 of time before completion of the weU, reprobe the borehole to determine the total depth and the water level within the borehole prior to completion of the well. It is generally a poor practice to allow a borehole to stand open very long if there is the possibility of part of the borehole caving. At the Project Manager's direction, the stratigraphic sequence encountered in the borehole may be verified by geophysical logging. A variety of probes are available for stratigraphic, hydrogeologic and borehole geometry determinations. 8.4 WeH Installation 8.4.1 General Requirements A properly completed well should exhibit the following characteristics: • The only portion of the completed well which wiH have well screen and a . filterpack should be adjacent to the particular water-bearing zone to be monitored. • AH other sections, except within 5 feet of land surface, should be sealed with a bentonite or cementfcentonite type grout. The liquid slurry grouts wiH be placed by pumping the grout through a tremie pipe to the appropriate locations, or, if bentonite pellets are used, the pellets will be properly rehydrated and compacted in place. • The uppermost 5 feet or more (or to below frost line) of the borehole annulus will be filled with a cement grout for a surface seal, stability in freezing weather, and for supporting protective surface monuments. See Figure 8-1 for a typical weH installation. 8.4.2 Evaluation of the Borehole Compare the final completed borehole and the stratigraphic log of the samples or cuttings to the anticipated design for the monitoring weH. Compare the strata to what was anticipated and verify that the depth is adequate. If the desired monitored interval is above the bottom of the borehole, the borehole must be backfilled with a low permeability grout. The grout shaH be trended slightly below the final depth of the weU to the bottom of the borehole. The auger flights or steel casing shaH be pulled or hammered out of the hole in five foot increments. This procedure should be repeated until the bottom of the drive casing or auger flights and top of the grout are equivalent to the bottom elevation of the desired monitoring interval The grout should be allowed to set prior to placing the gravel/sand pack and weH casing/screen to establish a solid foundatioa If bentonite grout does not harden adequately to permit a firm foundation for supporting the weD, then a cement/bentonite grout should be used and aflowed to harden. Bentonite and/or cement grout should never be allowed to harden while the drive casing is in contact .M.30I092 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Page 13 of 1R 8.4.3 Assembly of WeU Screen and Riser The well screen including the bottom plug shaH be dean and free of contamination immediately prior to assembly. Take precautions to ensure that grease, oil, or other contaminants do not contact the well screen. AH workers handling the weH screen shaH wear a new pair of cotton or synthetic gloves. The male threaded part of each joint shall be wrapped with teflon tape if not equipped with O-rings. Joints shaH be tightened by hand; however, if necessary, dean pipe or chain wrenches may be utilized if care is exercised not to cut or damage the PVC casing. The weH screen and riser shaH be inserted into a well hole which is at least partially filled with water. 8.4.4 Setting the WeU Screen and Riser String The weU screen shaH be lowered to the predetermined level and held in position by suspending the string of riser pipe or if the string tends to float, by manipulating tine hydraulic ram. On deep holes where the weight of the string riser pipe is significantly greater than the flotation force, care shaH be taken to keep the riser pipe plumb. The riser shaU extend above the ground at least three feet, and may be trimmed to the proper length after the grout is in place. If the plumbness of the riser is especially critical or the weU is extremely deep, a probe or "dummy" should be lowered down the inside of the riser to verify that the riser is not kinked. The screen and rise string should be suspended from the surface as much as possible during completion, rather than sitting in the borehole. At the Project Manager's direction or if required by project work plans, centralizers shall be placed a minimum of 20-40 feet apart throughout the riser interval. 8.4.5 Placement of the Filter Pack The volume of sand required to fUl the annular space between the weU screen and the weU hole shall be computed and carefully measured. The sand pack shaH typically extend three to five feet above the uppermost row of slots in the weH screen except where limited separation between aquifers occurs. The weU screen shaH be centered in tile weU hole and temporary casing by suspending the weH screen and riser string and/or using centralizers. At the Project Manager's direction or if required by project work plans, centralizers shaH be placed at a minimum of 10-20 feet apart through the screen interval. While holding the riser pipe with the driH rig, the temporary casing or hoUow stem augers shall be carefully withdrawn such that the lowermost point on the casing is exactly at the top of the sand packed portion of the weU. This may be accomplished in increments; however, after each increment, a weighted engineering tape shaH be inserted and lowered to ascertain that the sand pack has not been raised during casing withdrawal operation. If necessary the sand pack shall be tamped back into place. AR30I093 TP-1.2-12 V Revision 6 -'>W>;> May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ______Paee 14 of 18 8.4.6 Placement of the Bentonite Seal A volume of pellets or chips to create a seal 3 to 5 feet long at a minimum should be computed and measured out for introduction into the annular space. The bentonite pellets or chips may be placed by either tremieing the peUets to the required interval or hand pouring the peHets into tine annular space at the top of the weU. Tremieing of the pellets is usually done on deeper completions or if specifically required in the weU completion specifications. Extreme care must be exerdsed and the pellets or chips slowly introduced into the annular space to prevent bridging above the level to be completed. In addition, the bottom of the casing must be maintained above the uppermost level of the pellets to avoid locking the well casings. If the bentonite seal is being constructed above the water level in the borehole, exactly five gaHons of water per a 5-gaHon bucket of peHets or bag of bentonite chips should be slowly poured into the annular space to rehydrate the bentonite. A weighted seal tamper should be lowered down the annulus and used to tamp the pellets or chips into a cohesive mass of day. 8.4.7 Grouting the Annular Seal A sample of the final grout shaH be coUected just prior to ordering the grout injection. The volume of grout, either bentonite or cemenfbentonite, required to completely £H the annular space between the seal and the ground surface shaH be prepared in the proportions specified in Section 8.1 The volume shaH include a quantity to compensate for losses. AH hoses, tubes pipes, water swivels, drill rods, or other passageways through which the grout will be pumped shall have an inside diameter of at least 05 inches. The grout shaU be injected via a side discharge tremie pipe with its opening temporarily set immediately above the seal. The grout shaH be pumped into the tremie pipe continuously until it flows out of the annulus at the surface. Any temporary casing if used or auger flights shaH be removed immediately and in advance of the time when the grout begins to set Casing removal and injection may proceed concurrently provided the top of the column of grout is always at least twenty feet above the bottom of the casing and provided injection is not interrupted. If casing removal does not commence until grout injection is completed, then additional grout shaH be periodically poured into the annular space so as to maintain a continuous column of grout up to the ground surface. The weH shaH not be disturbed for 48 hours to permit the grout to gain sufficient strength. 8.4.8 Placement of Protective WeU Monument, Concrete Pad/Seal A weU protector as shown in Figure 8-2 shaH be emplaced before the grout has set The weU protector. shaH be positioned and maintained in a plumb position with temporary braces as required. An eight inch dearance between the top of the riser and the weH protector shaH be maintained for the sampler. Grout which has overflowed the weH hole shall be carefully removed so as to prevent the formation of horizontal projections (mushrooming) which may be subject to frost heave. A 1/4 inch diameter hole shaH be drilled in the weU protector 6 inches above the ground surface to permit water to drain AR30I0914 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION______Page 15 of 18 out of the annular space. Coarse sand and/or pea gravel shall be placed in the,annular space at least 6 inches above the hole to prevent insects from entering through the drUled hole. A 4-inch thick concrete pad shaH be constructed around the protective monument The pad should be approximately 2 to 3 feet in radius and should slope slightly away from the monument on aH sides. Three protective "bumper" posts may be installed evenly spaced around the weU at a 3 to 5 foot radius. Each post should be flagged and/or painted for improved visibility. If the monument is to be painted, the monument shaH be painted before placing it in the grout. A permanent, weatherproof, weU identifier shaU be affixed to the outside of the protective weU monument. 85 WeU Development and Acceptance This section covers the development of a newly constructed weU and the measurement of the weU characteristics. 8.5.1 Pumps and Accessories for WeU Development AH weUs shaH be pumped or evacuated using compressed air or nitrogen to produce representative formation water. This section describes the approved pumps and accessories to be used in development of monitoring wells. AH pumps and other devices used in weU development shall be dean and free of oil, grease, solvents, or any other foreign contaminants. 8.5.1.1 Submersible Pumps * Submersible pumps shall include electric motor powered centrifugal or positive displacement type pumps which are operated under submergence. If a submersible pump is utilized for weU development, it shall be of a type and capacity such that it can pump water from the weU continuously for a period of at least five minutes without shutting off. Backpressure or other methods may be utilized to accomplish the desired rate of pumping. The pump shaH be capable of being turned on and off instantaneously to create surging in the weU. The pump shaH not be fitted with a backflow check valve. 8.5.12 Bladder Pumps A bladder or diaphragm pump shaU operate by compressed air cycling to inflate and deflate a diaphragm which creates a pumping action. Bladder pumps approved for weH development shaH be capable of continuously pumping at least 3 gpm when instafled in theweU. AR30I095 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 - -' May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION ? : ______P_aee 16 of 18 8.5.1.3 Jet Pumps Jet pumps use the Venturi prindple to create subatmospheric pressure to aUow the pump to be used below a depth at which suction alone would not normally lift the water. Jet pumps approved for weU development shaH be capable of pumping at least 3 gpm continuously when installed in the weH. 85.1.4 Bailers Bailers shall not be used for well development except after an approved submersible bladder, jet or suction pump has been installed in the weU or compressed air or bottled nitrogen has been used, and/or the rate of well recovery is so slow that these methods are ineffective. SmaU diameter wells may also require bailing for development due to the limited access of the casing diameter. 8.5.15 Compressed Air Compressed air supplied by an engine-driven compressor equipped with an approved oil filter and trap may be used provided the source of compressed air is capable of evacuating 50 percent of the column of water from the weU once every minute. 85.1.6 Bottled Nitrogen Bottled nitrogen may be used provided a regulator is employed and the system is capable of evacuating 50 percent of the column water from the weU once every minute. 85.2 WeU Development WeU development should begin after the monitoring weU is completely instaHed and prior to water sampling. Development should be continued until representative water, free of the drilling fluids, cuttings, or other materials introduced during well construction is obtained. Representative water is assumed to have been obtained when pH, temperature, and specific conductivity readings stabilize and the water is visually dear of suspended solids. The minimum duration of weU development should vary in accordance with the method used to develop the weH. For example, surging and pumping the weU may provide a stable, sediment free sample in a matter of minutes; whereas, bailing the weH may require several hours of continuous effort to obtain a dear sample. The duration of weU development and the pH, temperature, and specific conductivity readings should be recorded on the weH completion diagram by the Colder HydrogeologisvTield Engineer. Purged groundwater shaH be captured and contained in 55 gallon steel drums or suitable tank(s), if a reasonable potential exists for the groundwater to contain hazardous substances as directed by the Project Manager or as specified in the project work documents. AR30I096 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION Page 17 of 18 If required, each drum or tank containing captured purge water shall be properly labeUed with a weather proof label as to the contents, the well(s) from which the contained purge water originated and the date on which the contents were generated. Storage of the drums or tanks shall be as specified in the project work documents or as directed by the Project Manager. Captured and contained purge water shaH be characterized for discharge, treatment and/or disposal. Characterization of the captured and contained purge water should be specified in the project work documents or by the Project Manager, but could rely on the analytical results of groundwater samples assodated with each drum or tank, or could involve direct sampling and analyses of the contained water. The requirements and options available for discharge, treatment and/or disposal are dependent upon many variables such as chemical consistency, local and state regulations and location of site. Discharge, treatment and/or disposal of captured and contained purge water must be in accordance with local, state and Federal regulations and shaH be specified in the project work documents. 85.3 WeU Recovery Test A weU recovery test shall be performed immediately after development. Readings shaH be taken at one minute intervals until the weU has recovered to within 90% of its static water level. The extremely long recovery periods of some wells may prohibit carrying this test out to is completion; the decision to terminate shall be noted and justified on the WeU Installation Log. 85.4 WeU Acceptance A weU will be accepted by the Colder Hydrogeologist/Field Engineer when development has been completed in accordance with these specifications, and the required drilling contractor's documentation has been furnished to Colder. Once a weU has been approved, the contractor shaH be relieved of any further responsibility for the performance, maintenance, or testing of that weU. The final completed weH shaH be probed using a weighted engineering tape to determine that the weU is open to total depth. A 10-foot rigid cylinder 1 standard size smaHer than nominal weU casing size shaH be lowered to the total depth of the weH and retrieved to verify straightness of the weU for tool access. 8.6 Site Cleanup The Staging area, decontamination area, each weH site and any other areas used during the well installation program shaH be deaned up by the contractor and inspected by the Colder Hydrogeologist AH trash should be removed; the 55-gaUon drums of cuttings shall be organized into a temporary storage area and any concrete or asphalt that has AR30I097 TP-1.2-12 Revision 6 ... May 1990 MONITORING WELL DRILLING AND INSTALLATION '-'£•?.______Paee 18 of 18 been covered with mud shaH be washed off. Try to restore the area as much as possible to the condition before the weU instaHation program. 8.7 Procedure Alteration Checklist Variation from established procedure requirements may be necessary due to unique circumstances encountered on individual projects. AH variations from established procedures shaH be documented on Procedure Alteration Checklists (Exhibit Q and reviewed by the Project Manager and the QA Manager. The Project Manager may authorize individual HydrogeologisVField Engineers to initiate necessary variations. If possible, the request for variation shaH be reviewed by the Project Manager and the QA Manager prior to implementation. If prior review is not possible, the variation may be implemented immediately at the direction of the HydrogeologisVField Engineer, provided that the Project Manger is notified of the variation within 24 hours of the implementation, and the Procedure Alteration Checklist is forwarded to the Project Manager and QA Manager within 2 working days of implementation. If the variation is unacceptable to either reviewer, the activity shaH be reperformed or action shall be taken as indicated in the Comments section of the reviewed Checklist. AH completed Procedure Alteration Checklist shaH be maintained in project records. 8.8 WeH Location The level of accuracy required for horizontal well location and elevation shall be specified by the Project Manager or applicable project plans. At a minimum, weH locations shaH be approximated with tape and compass from known landmarks. Elevation of the riser casing shall be approximated. A licensed surveyor, if required, shaH maintain 3rd order precision and accuracy. The surveyed point for the weU riser shaH be the highest point on the riser casing with the cap removed. AR30I098 Flush Monument Above Ground Monument Installation Installation* Lockabte steal cap ^s^ (see Figure 8-2) r ftrlrahlo Filt8r Sanfl T ^x* PVC slip cap. vented st^ cover Conojt. or Pea Gravel 1 ^•-^^"^ Steel protective well monument . should . v ^ ~s^ S to 8 Inch diameter; 0.25-inch \ / slope away\ \ ^ <•S^ thick \ / from \ \ • .sM* inch Drain hole \ / monument N. 2to3 eet I iSs^ss^x^wy •«i— THi 1$ *-^-^— Eft&S?55S 8&S& X X > N. X ? Concrete pad. 3 to 4 Q ^_ "" ^ > ^^ Concrete ' 3 to 5 feet ? X\™ Inches thtek. i X (toping away from steel £ % • — Sand monument ;> Concrete 11 , Cement / Bentonite grout- ^ S (neat cement with ! 1 2 to 5% bentonite) or i ( » ' Bentonite grout 1 c ————— PVC well casing. 2 to \ 4-Inch diameter. i , ' flush threaded coupling Minimum !5 2 to 3 feet > i———— — BentonHe pellets or chips i ' 1i • i , I :-, '.•':• ['V>———— — Filter Pack- washed Minimum s\ uniformly graded 3 feet '!jL sand sized to the formation 1 1 • particle size = i;•• ;•, < . !i; S Water Level T -=- f•. ^ri ir- ————— PVC well screen, 2 to 4-inch 1 = : = .v' diameter flush threaded 1= .£' coupling; typically Q //• '/ '-.•• 0.010 to 0.020-Inch slots ^ .-^• = : 1 tV1 1 H a(*•• ————— Centralizers (if required) \ ————— PVC end plug, flush Approx. ——— w*<> threaded coupling u 0.5-1 foot ( ^«——— — Bentonite pellets /chips or •^ Cement/Bentonite * Set Rgurt 8-2 for protedfva cap and monument details FIGURE 8" 1 NotToSeate TYPICAL MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION GOLDER/QA/SEATTLE PROJECT NO. 99J-10Z4 DWQ.NO.Z11H DATE 1/20WORAWN Cft AR30I099 .Lockabfe \Steel Casing Protective Cap Well . identification ^^ j """.""B * 5 Bumper Post. concrete filled pipe, m spray-painted Rlter Sand or £ international orange Wefl Protector,' pea gravel perforated below ground 1/4-inch Drain Hole 4-inch Concrete domed or sloping pad to divert runoff /Bentonite Grout Cross Section Protective Above-Ground Monument Bumper Post Alternate layouts for 4-inch Concrete pad. Pad 8houW *»•away from monument to divert™°« FIGURE 8*2 -, „. PROTECTIVE Plan View MOMI IMPMT Protective Monument and Pad ESSIDETAILeS GOLOEfVQA^EATTLE PBOJECT NO. t93-tOM OWG.»ia 11178 DATE VZWO DRAWN C8 AR30IIOO TP-1.2-12 EXHIBIT B MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION LOG •VM*.————— ••*-§ lainr—__—.———_____ c&u* -- —— —— ni-_— _mi«t_ _iu«- —~.—,^ . ^ «*nm». tUTEXlALt IXVIXTOUT •L»t *«_———___——______f^-t* mt* m- ~-**"~" rtna «• nw. WILL SKETCH WSTALLATION NOTES ••W«r AR30I101 TP-1.2-12 EXHIBIT C PROCEDURE ALTERATION CHECKLIST Job/Task Kuaber: _,_ Procedure Reference: Requested Variation: Reason for Variation: Special Equipment, Material tr Personnel Required: Alteration Requested Bjr: ______Gate: Title: ______ Reviewed 6>: ______Date: Title:____6»t Project Hamper______Cements: ______ Reviewed Bjr: ' Date: Title: tAT C* Hanietr______Cocnents: ______ QolcferAisodttts ARSON 02 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING AR30M03 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 . August 1989 BEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING ______Pace 1 of ?B TABLE OF CONTENTS Pace NoI 1. PURPOSE 1 2. APPLICABILITY 1 3. DEFINITIONS 1 4. REFERENCES 1 5. DISCUSSION 2 6. RESPONSIBILITIES 4 €.1 Project Manager 4 6.2 Geologist/Field Engineer 5 7. EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS 5 8. PROCEDURE 6 6.1 General Information 6 £.2 Completion of Record of Drillhole Forms 7 8.2.1 Header and Footer Sections 7 8.2.2 Data Section 8 8.2.2.1 Depth Scale 9 8.2.2.2 Rock Type Description 9 8.2.2.3 Rock Type Graphic Log 11 8.2.2.4 Elevation/Depth 11 8.2.2.5 Run Number 12 8.2.2.6 Measuring Core Recovery, RQD, and Fractures Per Foot 12 8.2.2.7 Core Recovery and Core Losses 12 8.2.2.8 RQD 14 8.2.2.9 Fractures Per Foot 16 8.2.2.10 Discontinuity Data 16 8.2.2.11 Weather1no/Alteration Index 19 8.2.2.12 Strength Index 20 8.2.2.13 Point Load Index 20 8.2.2.14 Notes, Water Levels, Instrumentation 21 8.2.2.15 Optional Data Column 22 8.2.2.16 Variations of the Standard Geotechnlcal Logging Form 22 8.3 Boxing of Core 23 8.3.1 When to Box Core 23 8.3.2 Acceptable Core Boxes 23 8.3.3 Breaking the Core for Boxing 24 8.3.4 Placing Core In Box and Labelling Box 24 AR30I 101, TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1939 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 11 of ?fl TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.) Pace No. 8.4 Photographic Documentation 25 8.5 Sample Preservation 27 8.6 Procedure Alteration Checklists 28 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Record of Drillhole Form 2. Record of Drillhole Form (Example) 3. GOLDLOG2 Record of Drillhole 4. Grain Size Classification 5. Classification of Igneous Rocks 6. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks 7. Classification of Hetamorphlc Rocks 8a. Lithologlc Symbols 8b. Lithologlc Symbols (cont.) 9. Physical Descriptive Terms 10. Discontinuity Roughness Profile 11. Weathering Classification 12. Strength Classification 13. Record of Drillhole Form: Example of Alternative Format 14. Procedure Alteration Checklist AR30I105 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 BEOIECHNJCAL ROCKCOrlEJ.OGGING _____; '•"••' Pace 1 of 28 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this procedure 1s to establish a uniform and consistent method of geotechnlcaT logging of rock core. The procedure also establishes standard methods to be followed In the handling and preparation of core for offsite shipment. 2. APPLICABILITY This procedure applies to all Golder Associates Inc. personnel or (when Invoked through procurement documentation) subcontractors assigned responsibilities for geotechnlcal logging of rock core. 3. DEFINITIONS None 4. REFERENCES 4.1 Golder Associates Inc. Technical Procedure TP-1.2.-1, "Rock Core Drilling" 4.2 GOLDLOG2 Program Documentation and User's Manual 4.3 Brown, E.T.(ed.), 1981, Rock Characterization Testing and Monitoring; 1SRH Suggested Methods. Pergamon Press, for the International Society for Rock Mechanics. 4.4 Deere, D.V., A.H. MerrUt, and R.F. Coon, 1969, "Engineering classification of In-SItu Rock: Technical Report No. AFWL-TR-67-144" (prepared by the University of Illinois Department of Civil Engineering under U.S. Air Force Weapons Laboratory contract AF 29(601)-6850). ARSON 06 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1939 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Paoe ? of 28 4.5 Goodman, R.F., 1930, Introduction to Rock Mechanics. J. W1ley and Sons. 4.6 Heuze, E.F., 1971, "Sources of Errors 1n Rock Mechanics Field Measurements, and Related Solutions", In the International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Vol. 8, pp. 297-310. 4.7 Travls, R.B., 1955, "Classification of Rocks", In Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines. Volume 50, No. 1. 5. DISCUSSION The purpose of this procedure 1s to document the standard method of geotechnlcal logging of rock core for Golder Associates Inc. projects In order to ensure consistent logging practices on Golder Associates Inc. projects. Standard classifications suggested by the ISRM (see reference 4.3) or other recognized standards have been Incorporated Into the procedure where appropriate. This procedure does not address other activities that are frequently conducted 1n combination with core logging, such as core drilling and selection of coring equipment; point load testing; Installation of geotechnlcal or geohydrologlcal Instrumentation; field permeability testing; core orientation procedures; core sample shipment and testing; and logging procedures for soil borings. These Items are addressed 1n separate procedures or project directives. However, a general familiarity with drilling procedures, geology, and rock engineering 1s assumed. The Record of Drillhole format used for field logging and preparation of final borehole logs has been developed to facilitate preparation of final logs using the GOLDLOG2 computerized rockcore logging system, which Is documented separately (see reference 4.2). Most commercial projects in'the U.S. are still performed using English rather than metric units for measurements. While GOLDLOG2 can accommodate either measurement system, for simplicity and AR30I107 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 ? August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Paoe 3 of 28 compatibility with current U.S. practices, this procedure will assume the English system Is used. Core drilling 1s expensive and constitutes a najor expenditure in an exploration or geotechnlcal Investigation program. It 1s therefore essential to make every effort to obtain high quality core and to ensure that the maximum amount of data 1s obtained from the drill core, In addition to putting the resulting hole to maximum use such as.by measuring water levels, permeability and Installing piezometers. The quality of the core Is a function of the equipment used and the skill of the driller 1n drilling and handling the core. Procedure TP-1.2-1, "Rock Core Drilling* provides details of core drilling equipment selection and drilling methods. A triple tube core barrel should be used on Important projects where core Is susceptible to damage or deterioration on handling. A double tube core barrel with a split Inner tube 1s an acceptable alternative when the core Is not susceptible to excessive deterioration on handling and Is the minimum acceptable equipment that should be specified for geotechnlcal purposes. A double tube barrel with a solid Inner tube Is sometimes the only equipment available when geotechnlcal documentation 1s undertaken on core that Is drilled primarily for mineral exploration purposes, but should only be used In competent, unbroken rock where the core can be transferred from the tube to a V-shaped core tray without damage. The core may be slid from the solid tube If It slides freely; otherwise the core should be pumped out of the tube using the mud pump. In any case, It must be transferred In such a way that fractures Induced by handling will be minimized. It Is not acceptable to beat the core out of the tube using a hammer or similar device. A face discharge diamond bit should be used to minimize erosion of the core In soft or friable ground. The maximum amount of data will be collected from the drill core by using systematic documentation and testing methods as described In this procedure. It 1s recognized that no single procedure can be definitive or Incorporate the AR30I108 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING____.______Paoe 4 of 28 most suitable logging methods for all field conditions. The purpose of developing this procedure Is to present methods and standards which have been successfully applied for rock core logging under a wide variety of geotechnlcal conditions and which are compatible with the standard Golder Associates Inc. rock core logging form. This procedure should be directly applicable to (and should be strictly complied with for) the majority of rock core logging projects. Where 1t Is necessary to modify the procedure, all modifications should be documented on the logs on Procedure Alteration Checklists as noted In Section 8.6 below, and 1n the reports and notes that accompany the final logs. Some cores are much easier to log than others. Sound, competent core with uniform Hthology and few shears or fractures can be logged relatively easily and rapidly. Completely crushed or broken core can also often be described and logged relatively quickly. However, core with variable geological and structural conditions, or core which deteriorates due to stress relief cracking, desiccation or slaking can take much longer to log, particularly during the Initial stages of a coring program when there has not been sufficient time to develop a familiarity with site conditions. When logging core, always keep 1n mind that the primary purpose of the core logs 1s to record Information that conveys an accurate impression of the character of the rock cored. If the condition of the core changes with time, the character and rate of this change should be documented on the log. 6. RESPONSIBILITIES 6.1 Project Manager The Project Manager 1s responsible for overall management of the core logging activities, but may delegate responsibilities to qualified geologists/field engineers. The Project Manager 1s responsible for approving all variations from the methods established by this procedure, for preparation of the overall scope of work for the core logging activity, for preparation of procurement AR30I109 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Paoe S of ?fi documents for all subcontractors, and for briefing all field personnel on any requirements unique to the particular project. 6.2 Geologist/Field Engineer The Geologist/Field Engineer 1s responsible for performing core logging In compliance with the requirements of this procedure, as well as for marking, handling, and packaging of core In preparation for shipment. The Geologist/Field Engineer 1s responsible for developing sufficient understanding of the ultimate goals of the Investigation In order to properly record all required Information and to be able to make sound decisions In the event of unforseen situations. 7. EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS • Record of Drillhole forms (See Figure 1) • red, green, and black marking pens • color control/grey scale charts • core storage boxes • styrofoam or wood core blocks • rock hammer • • stove and pot • paraffin • plastic wrap • aluminum foil • history of hole forms • heavy duty plastic bags (zlplock) • hard hat • steel-toed boots • protractor • engineers scale • ice chest (If sample freezing Is possible) • 35mm reflex camera, with tripod AR30I!10 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING_____ '______Page 6 of ?fl • color print or slide film • point load tester • well sounder • water bucket, brush, and spray bottle • add bottle (with 10% HCL solution) • knife • hand lens • 16-25' carpenter's tape (marked 1n tenths of feet and Inches) • 50-300' reel-type tape (marked In tenths of feet and Inches) 8. PROCEDURE 8.1 General Information The Golder Associates Inc. Record of Drillhole form Is the basic data recording sheet for rock core logging procedures. The Record of Drillhole form has been designed to facilitate collection of Important geotechnlcal data during core logging, and presentation of the data using GOLDLOG2 for Inclusion 1n reports. The final logs produced by GOLDLOG2 present data graphically where appropriate to maximize the visual Impact of the logs, although field data must always be recorded quantitatively rather than by shading the graphic scales In order to ensure accurate and complete data records and to minimize the risk of Incorrect Interpretations of field logs. The graphical representations show Increasing black as the quality of the rock deteriorates (decreasing RQD, Increasing fractures per foot, Increasing degree of weathering, decreasing strength) so that fractured and weak zones are highlighted by large amounts of black 1n the graphic columns of the log. Quantitative data used to produce the graphic logs are always available from the original field logs on the GOLDLOG2 data files If these are required for further quantitative evaluation. AR30II I I TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Paoe 7 of ?S 8.2 Completion of Record of Drillhole Forms The field logging form Is similar In format to the final logs produced by GOLDLOG2. An example of a Record of Drillhole form used for field logging Is attached as Figure 1. A completed field Record of Drillhole form Is Included as Figure 2, and the same data as plotted for Inclusion In a report by GOLDLOG2 Is Included as Figure 3. The Record of Drillhole form Is comprised of header, footer, and data sections. . 8.2.1 Header and Footer Sections The header and footer sections contain relevant Information about the project and drillhole. The following data should be specified on each Record of Drillhole form; please see the example form shown In Figure 2. Header Section PROJECT: Golder Associates Inc. project Identifier, Owner/Project/State, eg., CWMI/POND P-15/CA PROJECT NO.: Project and task number for drilling, e.g., 893-1114.007 LOCATION: Project Location, e.g., KETTLEMAN KILLS FACILITY DRILLING DATE: Start and completion dates of drilling, e.g., 3 JANUARY, 1989 - 5 JANUARY 1989 DRILL RIG: Type and model of drilling, e.g., SKID MOUNTED LONGYEAR 44 DATUM: Elevation datum - Mean Sea Level (MSL) or as specified. COLLAR ELEVATION: Surveyed elevation of collar relative to datum. COORDINATES: Surveyed northing and easting of collar. AZIMUTH: Surveyed azimuth of Inclined borehole at collar (use N/A - not applicable for vertical boreholes) INCLINATION: Surveyed inclination from horizontal of borehole at collar or 90* for vertical drillhole. AR30IM2 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 8 of 28 Note: If collar elevation, coordinates, azimuth, and inclination are not surveyed, this must be noted and the method of estimating these should be specified on the log or in accompanying notes. Footer Section DEPTH SCALE: Specify the depth scale 1n feet per inch (or meters per cm). l"*r Is a typical scale for detailed logging of limited lengths of core; l"-5' Is typical for logging of longer boreholes. DRILLING CONTRACTOR: The name of the company undertaking the drilling. DRILLER: The name of the driller. LOGGED: The first Initial and last name of the field geologist or engineer who logged the core - do not use Initials only. CHECKED: The first Initial and last name of the Individual who checked and approved the final logs. DATE: The date the final logs were approved. 8.2.2 Data Section The data section 1n the standard Record of Drillhole form comprises fourteen columns 1n which to record pertinent Information for geotechnlcal documentation. Although GOLDLOG2 plots some data graphically for visual presentation purposes, (e.g., RQD, fractures per foot, weathering, strength) quantitative data must always be recorded numerically on the field log. Scale lines used for graphical plots on the final logs are not Included on the field logs; this is to facilitate numerical data recording. AR30II 13 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNTCAL ROCK CORF LOGGING ______Page 9 cf ?fi 8.2.2.1 Depth Scale • The Depth Scale is used to record the drill hole depth using the scale selected and recorded In the footer section. The scale selected will depend on the geological complexity of the core and the level of detail of logging. A scale of 1 inch • 1 foot, will result in 8 feet of core to a page; a scale of 1 inch « 5 feet will result in 40 feet of core to each page of the log. 8.2.2.2 Rock Type Description The Description section allows for a complete and detailed Tithologlc description. The rock description system used by Golder Associates is as follows: • "Weathered State, Structure, Color, Grain or Crystal size, Strength, ROCK TYPE". Since weathering and strength are generally documented continuously in Individual columns, these are Included in the rock description for completeness and to enable qualitative descriptions that are not incorporated into continuous log, such as fresh inclusions within a moderately weathered matrix. Include the following Items in the other components of the rock description system: • Weathering - Classification according to ISRM standard (Section 8.2.2.11) and qualitative description of any unusual weathering characteristics. • Structure - Record any persistent structure in rock such as foliation, flow banding, bedding, lamination, grading, sorting etc., and specify its dip with respect to the core axis. • Color - Use color name from GSA Rock Color Chart of wet rock. If rock is composed of more than one color, list major colors starting with the most prominent. AR30IIU TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 10 of 28 • Grain or Crystal Size - Record the size of visible grains or crystals in millimeters or according to the Wentworth scale shown 1n Figure 4. • Strength - Field estimate of Intact strength based on ISRM classification (Section 8.2.2.12), subsequently modified as necessary to reflect results of point load tests. Provide qualitative description of factors that might affect strength such as weak layers and any seams for which point load strength tests are not representative. » Rock Type - .Colorado School of Mines Classification (see reference 4.7). Classification charts are Included as Figures 5 through 7. It is Important that rock type designations be correct. If in doubt regarding rock type use petrographlc analyses. A petrographlc microscope may be used to confirm rock type and provide more detailed Information on mineral constituents and degree of alteration. The formation or unit should also be Identified within this column. Other Items such as angularity should be Included 1f they affect the mechanical characteristics of the rock and are not documented elsewhere on the log. Vague, ambiguous, or undefined terms are neither necessary nor helpful and should not be used on the logs. All pertinent characteristics and properties should be recorded using standard classifications and descriptions. Terms such as large, small, thin, and thick are not suitable unless they are part of a quantitative classification system, and should be replaced by quantitative data obtained by measurement. Note that the terms "soft" and "hard" are not appropriate for describing rock strength; this is best described using the strength Index and point-load test Index. If hardness is an Important parameter in the geotechnlcal documentation of the core, then' it should be measured using a Schmldt hammer, Shore scleroscope, or other suitable instrument. AR30II 15 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 11 of ?fi '^- Field and final logs should be clear and concise and must not be open to possible misinterpretation. For this reason abbreviations and mnemonics should not be used except where they are defined on the Tog. The only exceptions are for length measurements (ft., 1n.f n, cm, mm) and appro*, for approximately. Use of the symbols ' and " for feet and Inches Is not acceptable. 8.2.2.3 Rock Type Graphic Log The Graphic Log subsection of the Rock Type uses standard Hthologlc symbols available In GOLDLOG2 (or from Figures 8A and 8B 1f GOLDLOG2 1s not being used to prepare the final logs) to represent the rock types encountered throughout the drillhole. Contacts between the rock types are represented as follows: Contact Tvoe Representation on Graphic Log ; Sharp Solid horizontal line at contact location. Gradation Solid slanted line from start of gradatlonal change to end of gradational change. Inferred Contact Dashed slanted line extending over length of Inferred contact. Eroslonal Solid wavy line at contact location. Fault Heavy solid horizontal line at contact location. 8.2.2.4 Elevation/Depth Record the depths at the beginning and end of each core run and the depth of lithologic boundaries to the nearest 0.1 foot. Use feet and decimals of a foot; do not use feet and inches. Elevation need not be calculated for field records since this is calculated by GOLDLOG2 based on the specified collar elevation, which may not be known during drilling. AR30M 16 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1939 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______;______Page 12 of ?B 8.2.2.5 Run Number Record consecutive numbers for each core run, dividing runs by solid horizontal lines at the beginning and end of each run. Since core recovery and RQD are both calculated for each run, carry the horizontal lines across these columns. 8.2.2.6 Measuring Core Recovery, RQD, and Fractures Per Foot Core Recovery, RQD, and fractures per foot should all be logged while the core 1s still In tube liner or split tube, or Immediately after 1t has been transferred to the core tray 1f a solid tube 1s used. If necessary, some other Items such as detailed Hthologic descriptions, logging of individual discontinuities, and strength testing, can be deferred until the core has been transferred to the core boxes. However, recovery, RQD, and fractures per foot should be logged while the core is in as close to Us original condition as possible. Only natural fractures are counted for RQD and the fracture log; drill-induced and handling fractures are excluded. It 1s sometimes difficult to distinguish natural fractures. If the origin of the fracture is uncertain, then it is counted 1n order to ensure conservative values for the RQD and fracture logs. As a guide, clean, fresh surfaces oriented at close to 90* to the core axis that can be rejoined with only a hair-line separation are typically drill- induced, while surfaces that are rounded, ground, weathered, contain infilling or coatings, often at some angle other than perpendicular to the core axis, or cannot be rejoined cleanly should be counted as natural fractures. 8.2.2.7 Core Recovery and Core Losses * The Core Recovery column is used to record the measured amount of core recovered over the measured length drilled for each core run. Measure and record core recovery to the nearest tenth of a foot. The recovery column is AR30II 17 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 i August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 13 of ?R divided by solid horizontal lines corresponding to the lines in the Run Number column. Record the actual lengths cored and recovered. Calculate core recovery in the field if appropriate, but only after the lengths cored and recovered have been recorded. Rubble, redrlll, or slough recovered at the top of a core lift that was not in place is not counted as recovered core and should be discarded or clearly labelled to avoid subsequent misclassification. It is not uncommon for some core to slip through the core lifter and to be dropped out of its core tube. This problem frequently indicates a worn or unsuitable core lifter which should be replaced. Core should be represented on the log at the location It occupied In the ground by assigning it to the run in which it was cored; 1t should not simply be assigned to the run in which 1t was recovered if it was actually cored 1n the previous run. This is simple in sections of complete recovery, but requires some interpretation when rock cored during one run is dropped and is recovered during a subsequent run. Dropped core can result In apparent core recoveries exceeding 100 percent 1f it Is not logged correctly. Core recoveries should not significantly exceed 100 percent. Core which was drilled in a previous run can often be identified by marks from the drilling or the core lifter. Core recovery is presented numerically on the final core log by GOLDLOG2 because graphical presentation of core recovery on a linear scale of limited width is not a sufficiently sensitive indicator of geotechnlcal conditions. Core losses are an important indication of potentially poor geotechnlcal conditions, since they most commonly occur in weak or highly fractured zones which may be Important for determining rock mass properties. The core log is completed in a manner which highlights core loss zones. When the core loss exceeds a "significant* level, typically about 0.3 feet, horizontal lines are drawn across all columns that record information about the rock character or properties (description, graphic log, discontinuity data, weathering Index, strength index, and point load index), and this interval is labelled "NO CORE". Examples of this procedure are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. No AR30III8 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______.______Page 14 of 28 data can be collected from these intervals. It 1s Incorrect to Imply that this material is similar to the adjacent material unless there is evidence to support this, in which case the evidence should be Included as a note, for example, "core loss due to overfilling barrel." "NO CORE" Intervals should be assigned to their correct locations when there is sufficient evidence from the core or drilling operations to do this. Such evidence might Include grind marks on the core or a rubble zone within an otherwise sound core run; the drill rods dropping by an amount equal to the 'NO CORE" Interval during drilling; or washing away of the beginning of a run in very weak ground. If the location of the interval without core cannot be Identified, then it is assigned to the end of the core run. Explanatory notes should be Included where it will assist with the Interpretation of conditions, for example, "core lost due to grinding" or "No core due to void." 8.2.2.8 RQD Rock Quality Designation (RQD) 1s a modified core recovery In which only the sound core recovered in lengths of greater than four Inches (10 cm) measured along the core axis 1s counted as recovery (see reference 4.4). RQD is measured for each core run. Record the total length of Intact core recovered In lengths greater than 4 Inches (10 cm) over the total length of the core run in the RQD column. These numbers are expressed as a percentage to give RQD. RQD can be used as an Index of rock quality according to Deere's original classification: AR30III9 TP-1.2.2 ' Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______'• ^______Page 15 of 2B MODIFIED CORE RECOVERY AS AN INDEX OF ROCK QUALITY RQD Description of Rock Quality (Percent)______ 0-25 Very poor 25-50 Poor 50 - 75 Fair 75 - 90 Good 90 - 100 Excellent One special case that may be encountered in measuring RQD is a single fracture parallel to the core axis. Sound core with a single fracture is counted as Intact rock and assigned an RQD of 100%. This method is used to avoid biasing the RQD measurement with a single fracture parallel to the drillhole. The definition of RQD as sound core recovered in lengths of 4 Inches or more was originally applied to N size core. Since core diameter affects the lengths of core recovered, the core length used for calculating RQD should vary according to core size if RQDs measured from different core diameters are to be compatible. A definition of RQD which accounts for core size is given by Goodman (see reference 4.5) as the percentage recovery of core in lengths greater than twice its diameter. However, this definition has not gained sufficient acceptance to be incorporated Into logging procedures as standard practice. Some discussion of the Influence of core size on RQD is included in Heuze (see reference 4.6). Until the relationship between core size and RQD has been adequately investigated and documented, use a 4-inch core length for all core sizes, but be aware that this will tend to overestimate rock quality for core sizes larger than N, and underestimate rock quality for smaller cores. AR301I20 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1939 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING ______Page 16 of 28 RQD Is valid only for sound core and should not be used for very poorly Indurated materials such as clays and weak claystones. In these cases, the letters N/A (Not Applicable) should be entered Into the RQD column. 8.2.2.9 Fractures Per Foot The Fractures Per Foot column Is used to record the number of natural fractures in each one foot Interval. If more than ten naturally occurring fractures are counted 1n one foot Interval, then record >10 In the Fractures Per Foot column. Like RQD, the fracture log 1s not applicable to very poorly Indurated material. Because the fracture log 1s maintained for one foot Intervals, It is a much more sensitive Indicator of fracturing and broken zones than RQD, which Is only measured over each core run. 8.2.2.10 Discontinuity Data The orientations and physical characteristics of discontinuities are Important parameters 1n characterizing a rock mass and should be recorded for each significant natural discontinuity 1n the core. The standard core logging form 1s designed to facilitate recording these data 1n the Discontinuity Data columns. similar natural fractures occur regularly along pre-existing weakness planes such as bedding or foliation, It Is not necessary to record the orientation and characteristics of each fracture Individually. An explanatory note such as "unless otherwise noted fractures to 274 feet are along foliation; planar; smooth" should be included to eliminate the need to repeat the description for each fracture. Only fractures which do not meet these criteria then need to be described Individually, although the location and dip of all fractures should be recorded 1n the Discontinuity Graphic Log column. AR30I121 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 ; August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING ______±ld______Paoe 17 of 28 Discontinuity Type and Surface Description Record the type of discontinuity and its surface characteristics using the following system of mnemonics, which is included on the logging form. DISCONTINUITY TYPE DISCONTINUITY SHAPE SURFACE ROUGHNESS J - Joint PL - Planar P - Polished F - Fault C - Curved K - Slickenslded S - Shear U -.Undulating SM - Smooth 8 - Bedding ST - Stepped R - Rough FO - Foliation I - Irregular VR - Very Rough Due to space limitations, the list of mnemonics cannot be comprehensive, and has been limited to five types In each category. The most commonly used terms are Included, although many other terms such as vein, contact, and fracture have not been Included, and no infilling descriptions are included at all. An additional five spaces are provided on .the drilling log for user-specified mnemonics to help overcome these limitations. These mnemonics should be recorded on the field log and explained in accompanying text. » Figure 9 illustrates typical discontinuity shape and roughness profiles. A more quantitative description of discontinuity roughness that may be appropriate for projects where shear strength of discontinuities is a concern is illustrated in Figure 10. The type and thickness of any infilling or staining should be recorded using user-specified mnemonics or suitable descriptions. If there is insufficient space in the Type and Surface Description column for a complete description of the joint surface, the scale of the log should be Increased or the notes column can be used to take care of occasional data overflow. AR30II22 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEQTECHNICAL ROCK CORt LOGGING______Page 18 of 28 Discontinuity Graphic Log The Graphic Log column Is used to sketch all naturally occurring discontinuities in the drill core. This information 1s plotted manually on the final logs produced by GOLDLOG2, so it is recorded graphically rather than numerically. If the Fractures Per Foot is less than or equal to ten, then all fractures should be drawn at the location in the rock core where they occur. This 1s easily accomplished by marking the beginning and end of a fracture at the corresponding locations on the graphic log, then connecting the end points to sketch the fracture. Since the width of the Graphic Log column 1s not in scale with the width of most drill core (it 1s wider to allow room to sketch all fractures) a protractor should not be used to sketch the fractures at true dip angles, as this would result 1n exaggerated lengths for the fractures sketched. If the Fractures Per Foot 1s greater than ten, then sketch any predominant fracture orientations and cross-hatch over the entire area In the Graphic Log column to indicate very fractured rock core. Discontinuity Dip With Respect to Core Axis Measure and record numerically the dip with respect to the core axis of each significant natural discontinuity, as Illustrated In Figure 9. Note that for vertical holes, the recorded value is the complement of the true dip. Individual fracture orientations cannot generally be measured in broken and crushed zones, although In strongly foliated rock fracturing may develop preferentially along foliation and this should be recorded. A separate column 1s not provided for recording this data on the field log. It should be recorded within or Immediately adjacent to the Graphic Log column In such a manner that it is clear which fracture on the Graphic Log record the measured orientation applies to. This orientation data Is plotted graphically in a separate column on the final logs. AR30I123 TP-I.2.2 • Revision Level 5 .,-;•,?-'/* August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______^______Page 19 of ?g 8,2.2.11 Weathering/Alteration Index • The Weathering Index column is used to record the weathering classification in accordance with the ISRM recommended classification system which is shown in Figure 11. Changes in the Weathering Index are Indicated by a solid horizontal line at the point of change for an abrupt change, or a solid slanting line covering the range of weathering change. On many projects, particularly for mining clients, propylite resulting from hydrothermal alteration can modify rock strength in much the same manner as weathering reduces the strength of near-surface rocks. On these projects, propylltic alteration may be a more Important indicator of rock strength than weathering. However, such projects are not a sufficient proportion of our rock coring projects to justify Inclusion of a separate column to log alteration. v GOLDLOG2 provides the compromise of being able to relabel the Weathering Index column as Alteration Index on any new sheet of the log. The classification labels on the log are then automatically modified to reflect alteration rather than weathering. This option enables the column to be used to indicate weathering at the top of the borehole and alteration at depth. Since there Is no ISRM standard for degree of alteration, this would have to be defined elsewhere in the report. Also note that if the alteration column is used to indicate a type of alteration that Increases the rock strength, such as siliclficatlon, then the plot scale should be reversed to maintain the convention that more shading on a graphic log indicates weaker rock or more fracturing. The option to reverse the plot scale is offered if the weathering index is changed to an alteration index. It 1s not unusual to have both propylltic and silicic alteration present in core from a single borehole, and for the strength of the rock to be a function of the degree of propylltic and/or silicic alteration. The most suitable method for documenting such complex alteration should be determined for each AR30II2U TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 20 of ?8 case individually based on such factors as the character of the alteration, its influence on rock properties, and the purpose of the geotechnlcal documentation. In a typical case, the alteration that is of most Importance for the geotechnlcal evaluation could be recorded in the alteration column, while the alteration of secondary Importance could be recorded as notes or 1n an optional column. 8.2.2.12 Strength Index The Strength Index column is used to record the estimated strength of Intact rock material strength using the ISRM recommended classification system shown In Figure 12. Any change 1n the Strength Index should be defined by a solid horizontal line at the point of change. Generally, point-load tests should be performed as a standard part of geotechnlcal core logging. Field estimates of Intact strength should be modified to reflect the results of point-load tests and laboratory testing when the final corehole logs are prepared. Strength Index Is plotted graphically on final logs to provide a continuous record of the strength of the core. 8.2.2.13 Point Load Index Point load tests should be performed as a standard part of logging the geotechnlcal characteristics of rock core. They provide a quantitative measure of rock strength which is necessary to bridge the gap between qualitative description of rock characteristics and the qualitative requirements of engineering evaluation. Every effort should be made to test samples which are representative of the rock mass, rather than concentrating testing on samples that are easiest to test. Point load test data are recorded on a separate data recording form. Results for each valid test are plotted on the final geotechnlcal borehole logs according to.the ISRM recommended strength classification system. Since both axial and diametral tests are performed In order to provide a measure of anisotropy, different symbols are used to represent axial and diametrical tests. The depth of each AR30I125 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______;______Page 21 of ?fi test and the calculated point load index should be recorded on the field log after the test data have been reduced. 8.2.2.14 Notes, Water Levels, Instrumentation The final column on the log is used to record pertinent information on the drilling operation and geotechnlcal conditions which does not belong in or cannot be fitted into the preceding sections of the log. The following data should always be recorded: • Casing size and depth • Core size • Type of core barrel • End of drilling each day or shift t Drilling fluid type and losses • Final depth of hole • Completion date • Water level at time of completion Other items that should be included when relevant include: • Water levels measured during drilling, such as at the start and end of each day, and the date of measurement • Water or mud returns • Details of instrumentation • Drilling information, such as penetration rates and descriptions of drilling problems • Permeability test locations and results • Any information that may assist in understanding geotechnical conditions or the condition of the core, for example, locations where drill rods drop, core 1s ground, or the core barrel is overfilled. AR30II26 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 6EOTECHN1CAL ROCK CORE LOGGING_____.______.______Page 22 of 28 8.2.2.15 Optional Data Column 60LDLOG2 permits the addition of an optional extra column Immediately right of the Point Load Index column. This optional column will take space from the Notes, Water Levels, Instrumentation column. The user can specify the column leading, column width, and data to be Input Into the column, including locations of horizontal lines across the columns. The purpose of this column is to record information or test results that nay be particularly Important to a specific project or region, such as permeability test results, oriented core run locations and test results, the presence and condition of Ice, secondary alteration, geophysical borehole logging results, penetration rates, etc. The Notes column should be subdivided manually for recording this additional data In the field If the optional extra column will be used on the final log. 8.2.2,16 Variations of the Standard Geotechnical Logging Form The standard Geotechnlcal Logging Form has been designed to facilitate rock core logging for geotechnlcal purposes and to accommodate the needs of most geotechnlcal projects. Personalized logging forms are generally not encouraged In order to provide consistency In logging procedures and presentation format. However, It 1s recognized that unique conditions, client requirements, or drillhole documentation for purposes that are not primarily geotechnlcal, may require some modification to-the standard logging form. Such variations shall be permitted only at the direction of the Project Manager and shall be documented on a Procedure Alteration Checklist (see Section 8.6). An example of an alternative logging form designed for use In a hydrogeologic Investigation where rock strength, weathering, and alteration were not considered to be pertinent Is shown in Figure 13. It Is important that as much of the standard logging form as Is possible be retained on the modified log, and that the standard rock core logging procedures be complied with for these standard portions of the log. &R3QI127 TP-I.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Paoe 23 ef 28 8.3 Boxing of Core . 8.3.1 When to Box Core t The core should be carefully transferred to the core box after the core has been logged in the tube liner, split tube, or V-shaped core tray. Hark the core with two continuous, parallel lines to facilitate Identification of incorrectly boxed core, samples that have been returned to the core box incorrectly, or core that has suffered abuse. Use the following standard navigational convention: when looking down the core axis, make a red line on the left (red...port...left) and a orcen line on the rloht (green...starboard...right). Ideally, all geotechnlcal logging should be completed prior to transferring the core to the core box, since some damage to the core is almost certain to occur during the transfer. In practice, It will not always be justifiable to delay drilling while geotechnical logging is completed, so the tube liners or inner tube will have to be returned to the drillers in a timely manner to prevent drilling delays. As a minimum, complete the core recovery, RQD, and fracture log measurements prior to transferring the core to the core box. 8.3.2 Acceptable Core Boxes Cardboard core boxes are frequently used for storage of small to medium diameter core under favorable conditions, that is, dry climate and storage conditions with limited transportation and handling requirements. For larger core, wet conditions, or projects where the core will be transported over longer distances or rough terrain, more durable wooden, metal, or plastic core boxes with securely fitting lids should be used. The core should fit snugly into the core box to minimize damage to the core during handling and transportation of the core. Additional packing will generally be required if the core is to be shipped or transported without continuous monitoring or supervision. AR30II28 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 24 of 28 8.3.3 Breaking the Core for Boxing It will usually be necessary to break the core in order to box 1t. The amount of core breakage for boxing should be minimized by carefully determining the points at which the core should be broken to fit neatly Into the box. The • core should then be broken cleanly at these points using a suitable method which minimized damage to the core such as: • Cutting the core with a knife for very low strength claystones and shales • Performing a diametral point load test at the point • Breaking the core with a sharp blow from a geological hammer • Using a hammer and chisel to break the core The force required to break the core should be used to help evaluate the rock strength. 8.3.4 Placing Core In Box and Labelling Box The core should be completely cleaned with clean water prior to placing it In the core box. Each core box Is placed with Us label at the left end. The top of the core 1s placed in the top left corner of the box, and the core 1s boxed from left to right, top to bottom of the box - "just like reading a book." Wooden or plastic core spacers with footages labelled by indelible marking pen should be used to mark depths at the start and end of each core box, the beginning and end of each core run, Intervals of core loss, and the location of samples removed for testing or other purposes. These spacers also help to keep the core intact during transportation. One pound polyethylene foam is recommended as a spacer when maintenance of core quality 1$ critical, as it 1s on most geotechnlcal coring projects. This spaclng'materlal is elastic and when cut slightly oversize It can be used to wedge the core securely In. pi ace. An indelible marking pen should be used to mark any breaks AR30!129 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 p August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Paoe 25 of 28 ' - caused by handling or point load testing which could subsequently be mistaken for natural fractures. Each core box and lid should be indelibly labelled with the following information: • Project name and/or number • Borehole number • Core size • Box number • Depth at start and end of core 8.4 Photographic Documentation Color core photography provides a permanent record of the condition of the core at the time of recovery and Is a standard part of core documentation for v . all rock core logging projects. Photographs show details and characteristics that can not be easily recorded or conveyed on drillhole logs. They are convenient for reviewing the condition and character of the core when preparing final logs in the office, and are Invaluable for review by personnel who do not have the opportunity to Inspect the actual core. They also provide permanent visual documentation of core that may be destroyed for assaying or metallurgical testing, or may be lost. 35 mm color prints provide the most convenient format for review and inclusion in reports. Color slides have the advantage that they can be projected at natural scale for detailed review. Core photographs should be taken soon after the core is boxed, preferably before it is damaged by handling or point load testing, and before the core deteriorates due to slaking or desiccation. Core spacers should be adjusted to true locations to account for dropped core prior to photographic documentation. The core can be either wet or dry when photographed depending on which condition best shows the rock structure, provided the core is in the same condition in all photographs. Color control patches and a grey scale AR30II30 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 26 of 28 should be Included in each print photograph where rock classification or characteristics may depend on color, such as when weathering or alteration is important, so that prints can be color corrected if necessary. Each core photograph should include a label defining the project, borehole number, and core Interval. This can be achieved conveniently by Including the label on the core box lid In the photograph or by labelling the top of the core box with an Indelible marker. All core spacers must be photographed at their correct locations and must be readable in the photc—aph. A scale should be Included in all photographs. Photographs should be taken perpendicular to the core box; it Is frequently more convenient to carefully tilt the core box for photographing than to locate the camera vertically above a horizontal core box. A wide-angle lens may facilitate photographing long core boxes. Using a hand-held 35 mm camera to photograph core boxes that are propped up may be adequate for smaller projects. For larger projects It will be more convenient, and will produce better quality photographs, if a suitable frame is constructed to hold the core boxes and the camera is mounted on a tripod. A reflex camera should be used to eliminate parallax errors. Subdued daylight provides the best lighting conditions for core photography. Flash or flood lights may be necessary In adverse lighting conditions. Regardless of the lighting used, every effort should be made to maintain consistent lighting conditions for all photographs. While routine core photography to document the entire core Is completed after the core is boxed, additional photographs should be taken to document interesting features or particular characteristics of the core. This could include photographing sensitive core In the split tube or tube liner prior to handling; taking additional photographs of sensitive core subsequent to deterioration or desiccation; and close up photographs of shear zones or fracture surfaces. All photographs must Include a scale and adequate labeling so that they are readily Identifiable. AR30N31 TP-1.2.2 •'"''' Revision Level 5 -!^ August 1989 GEOTECHNICAL ROCKCORE LOGGING______:_____ ••'•______Page 27 of 28 8.5 Sample Preservation Proper preservation of samples for laboratory testing is critical for meaningful laboratory test results. If samples will be stored for more than one to two weeks before testing, or if the sampled material is susceptible to desiccation (typically weaker materials with moderate to high water contents, such as clays, highly altered or weathered rock, fault gouge, etc.) then test samples should be preserved using the following procedure: 1. Wrap sample 1n plastic wrap or a plastic bag. 2. Wrap sample in aluminum foil and Indicate which end of core is up. 3. Label sample using Indelible marker on aluminum foil and indicate , which end of core is up. 4. Coat sample completely with hot wax by dipping and rolling in a pan of molten wax. 5. Attach permanent label to preserved sample. The wax coating serves to preserve the-moisture content, and to provide support and protection against damage during handling and transportation. If samples to be tested are not susceptible to desiccation (typically stronger rock with low water content) then wrapping in two or* more layers of plastic wrap or use of a heavy weight ziplock plastic bag will be sufficient for most samples. Sensitive samples should be packed in PVC pipe or other similar protective material before boxing for shipment. Samples should not be allowed to freeze in cold weather and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent freezing. Such measures include storing samples in an insulated ice chest or in a heated field vehicle. For particularly important projects involving sensitive core, more care may be required for sample preservation and transportation. This could include shipping the samples in sealed triple tube liners or using a disposable lexan inner tubes or tube liners for collecting and shipping the core. In these cases, the tubes or tube liners should be capped at both ends and sealed with AR30II32 TP-1.2.2 Revision Level 5 August 1939 6EOTECHNICAL ROCK CORE LOGGING______Page 28 of 28 wax or polypropelene tape. With disposable lexan tubes, partially filled tubes should be cut away prior to capping. 8.6 Procedure Alteration Checklists Variations from established procedure requirements may be necessary due to unusual field situations or unique client requirements. The Project Manager may delegate authority to the onsite Geologist/Field Engineer to Initiate variations as necessary to respond to such situations; however, all variations from established procedures shall be documented on Procedure Alteration Checklists (Figure 14) and verbally reported to the Project Manager within 24 hours. The Procedure Alteration Checklist shall be submitted to the Project Manager and the QA Manager for formal review and approval within 2 working days. Disapproval of a checklist shall require re-performance of the logging activity or other appropriate resolution as directed by the Project Manager. AR30I133 RECORD OF DRILLHOLE Sh«t _, OWLUN8WIB DATUM: COLLAR ELEV- , COORDINATES N: fc RIG: AZ1MJTH: INCLINATION: * •» • • / f DEPTH SCALE: • LOGGED: DWUMJ CONTRACTOR: CHECKED: ©Goldir AMOClttM DRIUTR: DATE: FIGURE T BR30II3U RECORD OF DRILLHOLE (EXAMPLE) Stot i of | PROJECT: XTZ f&WtfR DRILLING DATE: Zl AUC» #6 DATUM: M5L COLLAR ELTV-+-2 O PROJECT NO.: eft3-«yy» ' COORDINATES! N: feSS^SE: 2^1 1 1 2 VOV|. DRILL RIG: UCXl£r«AJS MM- AZIMUTH: sl/A INCUKATlON: <*=>•> ST- NOTO § \«-V. arv e iXVDJt OCFIH TlK MO SUKFACC (H) OCSCWTUN g 0- &AK1D. TO J.O*T. totuUVnJM . o rr. -5 tJ/A HW i»J.A &IUTY KfQ fjM/A -10 BIT \ 2* 4 2* (ore 2/21) yreoKi&i 2* 2* 23 zeocmss. 2t 184- OF 2* UC ST AT -2e 10 4*. -25 YtSH.Ovdi-.rj_ ,_ _ _ H. _ „. __, A TO A CCR&MC5 A 3i*. & NC r iO Ki/A NA- so > 10 TO A 9 a TXP R3 "A 55 $•»{ Awfr lltl SOH 31* DEPTH SCALE: \" ~ S' — .. LOGGED: p.rtKlOU«T DfUuUNw *^*i*irv*wiwi«* " t"ijr*_i i """"^_^' ' * "^j^ — — -——- ,,«-—--—_--— mis Tf t9iui4\i4k>?j?w6———————————————AR30DfilUL£R:DgvJgT P C . :•-' • § • fj •SCOHTMITT WU i ii aom f nteovnCOW i LC6 ITTI i II »•_ rm AW tjtr.ec ^£* h •*Tfc»OfIAT»« 1- 4 /' IUI. •»*•••* tttl t«J tSt •«l «K! fcj ,..;y ,. . t • . tt>.e • ti.c ti. IM i«iu IN. . t! Ml . tci.t0 - ti.r it. uodiuuir B.C ! 1! ^•-i iMtMrttf. nttlfi U lalitlr ! £i tratlfUtf. nairaU rtllavia nt*tt. tm&ttt at <«m I'alM S i li if itKtMr. awrii an< antics I)* fltMT . Itora MiiMratf ta clar ••**.' niaaraK. axtfanlr ta tarr * I | : • * Hi e QRWTION. t • ».* • ^ • ^ tl I i 1C i *• 1 •*5C •»!? x : : . tl«rf talatlr lamikatatf. cal* irar l« IUk< fray. caa»«i»d >f . tl a L * • •§ • •j .*< «t.e •e* i. - to-i- ——— ——— ——— ——— —— to.c i^B «^ ^— — ^ KrTKSCAie ItaMl tlaal /^^ (f^fp K£p CftUWfi CWTTUCTOR CtomentfMCa. (V^/T) Qotdtr Astoelttts OC6KB ML* • CRUCA Vtntfd vf^X DATC I/«VM FIGURES AR30II36 Terms for grain-size classes Informal terms for describing (after J.A. Udden and C.K. Wentworth) crystalline rocks and slllciclastic rocktypes bouldert eongtomentea -2mm ». coarMly er/stallna 256mm CCtfotal " 1-0 -64 and -0.5 pebbles breccias -0^5 granites Inely oystalfina - 0.125 • v. toefy or/staRlna • 2mm - 0.063- v. ooarsa mJaooysaflina 1 -0.004 cryptocrytttBlna •SOOjjm SANDSTONE -125 v. fine - 63 microns — v. coarse coarse MUDROCKS -IS SILT/SILT5TONE medium sDt ™*ton" h8 finasDt ~4 microns CLAY/CLAYSTONE GRAIN SIZE CLASSIFICATION FIGURE 4 mojKTNa so-ioM Dwa.NO.a«as o*n wt«s DRAWN cs «w»v» ou Qolddf Associates AR30I137 h III! i 1 l ,1 f i! n hill! tssss H il • rrints: I II !f it I ! ;;»::«; H I••f i•!• .B ! I* |H *i Ii! II ii i Iclt l Ii Ii 1!1 '' Ill, fil i •a R30I138 I . . i i -f I i s I u !•• > c u in I '•--.• Su!' II, 3 I!! \ im I. 1! ( -1,— r i ii I. * j ?C *!«•f 5 *1 3 ii S 1 jSi!ui M' fri i I 18 1!.f I ii JHJI i II pi!l i? llHl I i iiJ r•i I'ii I 1 P § I '''(fIl lull I! m! |l i 4 I i !!• > s y f I & ijljifo! l ll-ii iiiMr T I [ in ii i iill,(!f!i la!!1 1 1 ! ii ii! H l i»i !i!ill * Itl'Ul. i || I ili i 1-1 jiti - I'J*j t i!> "1 J! IHl! 1 ill i I f! il 'i-i"""l " i! I I l AR30IUO UTHOLOG1C SYMBOLS yilAAAAAA A / A / AjJ A ? A /A J\ 41 Limestone 42 Algal dolomite 43 Gypsum befl. 44 Anhydrite anfty txtcca txcccia gypnferous shale dm* dotomiie 45 Rock sail. «6 Pcndonti 47 Caobro *8 Ma'< piutomc salty mudsionc «oek 49 Coaise 50 Fine 5' Porphyimc 5? * giamtic lOCk giaiutiCfOCk Plutonic lock plutoniciOCk S3 UU •a •• Ny.tUM:l.l>tll<- 6i Massive Strpenlimie 65 Foiflefl schist 71 Made gneiss 770uaiUite 71 Ooaiuue '79 Stiioc 80 Mat* rmgmatitt mtgmatite From Compton (1985) FIGURE 8a ««x*ci>.-. 993-1024 o* HO 13747 »n ov— *»«<«0 GoldCf ASSOCiateS tlTHOLOGIC SYMBOLS 3 Maini-suppo«ttfl 4 Conglomeratic COnQtomeratC undstonc i •:«*•'•• 61 NIC 7Ftidspattttc i WUceous vwxiom: sandstone undsione ii^i* * ' ,——'-iJ r..T—— - — f". 11 Bedded 12 Caicrte-cememed SJindstenc sandstone U l)oiiiii»ic u Sully fi-nu-nlci! l.inflsli"tr saiiflMOiH.' t? Soaic 18 Coat bed w>in B Peo&iy 20 Caicateous dale 2t Limestone 22 Doss-bedded 23 Dolomite 2<. Ooiommc (flofosione) fcmestonc '«=»'' 25 Galenic 26 Sandy 27Qayty 28 Cnedy limestone 29 Bedded |TI f I -f-L 33 fcssiMerous fcmesiov * *.«'.*' 37 C*ystaiime 38 Miciitic 39 Algal 40 Limestone hmestone limestone flotomde conglomerate From Cotnpton (1985) FIGURE 6b Mj-1024 e*cwU74« «t c— —on: Golder Associates AR30IU2 Plena r (PL) Curved (C) Undulating (U) Stepped (ST) Irrtgulor(l) SHAPE Polished (P) Smooth(SM) Rough (R) V.Rough(VR) Slickinjided(K) ROUGHNESS 90* 60' 30* FRACTURE ORIENTATION wrt CORE AXIS PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIVE TERMS FIGURE 9 993-1024 c»c HO 13749 o>n OM«N MMCMO Golder Associates AR30I U3 . • . OISCOKTlfWITY ROUGHNESS PROFILES Suggested Methods for the Quantitative Description of Dtscoounuiiies TYPICAL 1OUOMNUS PtOriLCS f*r JtC r*f»f«t 1 h ————————— : ———————— | o-a 2 | ———— - —————————————— I a-« 3 | ————————— —————————— | 4-e 4 | ————— —————————— _ —— 1 *•• 5 | — —— -— — ——- —————— — | • - 10 6 h—— -^ ^— •— — H '«•«* 7 , —— _ — . ——— , »-» • f--^_^— —— i "•'• 1 to l-~^— — ——— -- S '"'« • • 'to From Brown (1981) FIGURE 10 ••cutrv. 9S3-1024 UK. vj 117(0 o»n BUM MM»(e Golder ASSOClatGS ARSONS Internationa! Society for Rock Mechanics WEATHERING CLASSIFICATION' Term Description Symbol* Fresh No risible wen of rock materiat weathering; Wl perhaps tlifht discolouration en major dis- continuity surfaces. Slif hity Diteelour»iion indicates weathering of rock W2 weathered material and discontinuity surfaces. All the rock material may be discoloured by weath- crin| and may be somewhat weaker than in its fresh condition. Moderately Leu than half of the rock material is deeeai- WJ weathered posed and .'or disintegrated to a soil Fresh or discoloured rock is present either as a dis- continuous framework or u corestones. Hifhly More than half of the rock material is de- W4 weathered composed and-or disintegrated to a soil. Fresh or discoloured rock is present either as a discontinuous framework or t* torments Completely All rock materiat is decomposed and-or WJ weathered disintegrated to soil The oripnal mass struc- ture is still tartely intact. * Adapted from *u|fesicd Methods for the Quantitative Descrip- tion of Jtock Masses and Discontinuities. Int Soc for Rock MedL /M. i. KoeL Mtch. Mm. irt A CAMvr*. Mar. IS. 319-361 (19711 FIGURE 11 §93-1024 o«c«c. 137S4 o>u HR30MU5 International Society for Rock Mechanics Appres rangf cf •niasial eomprntive Grade Oeseriptien Field identification atrcngth (MPa) SI Very toft day Easily penetrated several <0£25 fachesbyfist S2 Soft day Easily penetrated scrtral '0.02S-O.CS fetches by thumb S3 Firm day Can be penetrated several 045-0.10 inches by thumb with cnoder- ate effort S4 Stiff day tcadily indented by thumb but C.IO-O25 penetrated «nty with freat effort SS Very stiff day Readily totaled by thumbnaa C.2S-OJO SC Hard day Indented with difficulty by >OJO thumbnail — —-_---»--^»--->.»-_^^_^._.->-_-______._. __..__>_»__ RO Eitremely Indented by thumbnail C&-UD weal rock It I Very weak rock Crumbles under firm blows I.O-J.O with point of geological ham- mer, can be peeled ey a pocket Inife R2 Weak rock Can be peeled by a pocket 3.0-25 Knife with difficulty, shallow indentations made by firm blow with point of geological fcammer R} Medium strong Cannot be scriped or peeled 25-90 lock with a pocket kaife, cpenmen can be linctured with single firm blow «r geological bam- mer R4 Strong rock Specimen requires more lh*fl 50-100 one blow of geological liammcr lo ftaflureit R5 Very strong rock Specimen requiro many Wows 100-250 of geological earnmer to (rac- tore it R6 Extremely Specimen can only be chipped; , >250 strong rock with geological Banimer Aforr: Grades SI to Si apply to cohesive soils, (or example days, sihy days, and combinations cf silts and days with sand, generally slow draining. Discontinuity wall strength will generally be characterized by grades RO-R« (rockl while $!-« (day) win generally apply to filled discontinuities (see Filiingl Some rounding of strength «alua bit beta Bade whea covcninj to SI tuts. STRENGTH CLASSIFICATION FIGURE 12 •*cjtr-.?t9M024 o*c«ol*7C2 >* o*-«. «-*MB Colder ASSOClatCS AR30IU6 DEPTH SOLE: GoleJer A550dat«5 Inc. OWUJNC CONTRACTOR; EXAMPLE OF ALTERNATIVE FORMAT FIGURE Golder Associate flR30ill47 PROCEDURE ALTERATION CHECKLIST Job/Task Number: _; Procedure Reference: Requested Variation: Reason for Variation: Special Equipment, Material or Personnel Required: Alteration Requested By: .______Date: TUle: ______• Reviewed By: ______;_____ Date: Ti tl e:____GAI Project Manager______Comments: ______ Reviewed By: ______Date; Title: GAI OA Hanaoer______:______Comments: ______ PROCEDURE ALTERATION CHECKLIST FIGURE 14 Colder Associates AR30IU8 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FOR THE REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION/FEASIBILITY STUDY (RI/FS) AT BERKS LANDFILL SPRING TOWNSHIP, PENNSYLVANIA AUGUST 1991, revised HAY 1992 Revision 01 Approved by: Dianne J. Walker Region III Project Manager Randolph S. White Golder Associates Project Manager Robert M. Glazier Golder Associates Project QA Officer Laboratory Project Manager Laboratory QA Officer Controlled Copy No.: AR30I U9 DISTRIBUTION: NO. COPIES Berks Landfill Respondents Golder Assciates Inc. USEPA Ceimic Corporation AR30M50 May 1992______-i-______913-6389 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA IN TERMS OF PRECISION, ACCURACY, REPRESENTATIVENESS, COMPLETENESS AND COMPARABILITY 4.1 Precision and Accuracy 4.2 Representativeness 4.3 Completeness 4.4 Comparabi1ity 5.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY 6.1 Chain of Custody 6.2 Laboratory Security 6.3 Duties and Responsibilities of Sample Custodian 6.4 Sample Receipt 6.5 Sample Log-in and Identification 6.5.1 Sample Identification 6.5.2 Sample Log-in 6.5.3 Sample Information 6.6 Sample Storage 6.7 Final Evidence Files 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY 7.1 Laboratory Instruments 7.2 Laboratory Standards and Reagents 7.3 Field Instruments and Analyses 3.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 9.0 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION AND REPORTING 9.1 Laboratory Data Reduction 9.2 Laboratory Data Validation 9.3 Laboratory Data Reporting 9.4 Independent Data Validation/Useability Assessment 10.0 QUALITY CONTROL Revision 01 Golder Associates AR30I151 Mav 1992______-ii-______.-•*.,*. 913-6389 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'dl SECTION 11.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS AUDITS, PERFORMANCE AUDITS, AND FREQUENCY 11.1 Systems Audits 11.2 Performance Audits 12.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 13.0 SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS 13.1 Precision 13.2 Accuracy 13.3 Completeness 14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION 15.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT 16.0 CONSENT ORDER REQUIREMENTS List of Tables Table 1 - Key Personnel Table 2 - Summary of Site Data Gaps and Phase 1A and IB Remedial Investigation Activities Table 3 - Phase 1A Sampling - Target Analytes, Analytical Methods and Quality Assurance Table 4 - Phase IB Sampling - Preliminary Scope and Quality Assurance Samples Table 5 - Analytical Methods, Sample Containers, Preservation and Analytical Hold Times for Aqueous /Leachate Samples Table 6 - Analytical Methods, Sample Containers, Preservation and Analytical Hold Times for Soil/Sediment Samples Table 7 - Phase 1A Sampling and Data Quality Objective Summary Table 8 - Phase IB Sampling and Data Quality Objective Summary Table 9 - Levels of Quality Assurance and Analytical Data Methodologies Table 10- PARCC Data for Aqueous/Leachate Samples Table 11- PARCC Data for Soil/Sediment Samples Table 12- Accuracy and Precision Criteria for Aqueous CLP Samples Table 13- Accuracy and Precision Criteria for Soil/Sediment CLP Samples Table 14- Method Detection Limits for Non-TCL/TAL Inorganic Parameters Revision 01 Golder Associates AR30II52 Mav 1992______-JU-______913-6399 List of Figures Figure 1 Chain-of-Custody Record List of Appendices Appendix A - Quality Assurance Plan-Ambient Air Appendix B - Laboratory Personnel-Resumes and Organization Charts Appendix C - Applicable Region III Quality Assurance Directives and Data Validation Guidelines Appendix D - Laboratory Qualifications Revision 01 flR30M53 Section: 1 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION The following Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPjP) has been prepared by Golder Associates Inc. (Golder) and describes the policies, organization, objectives, quality control activities, and specific quality assurance functions to be employed during the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at Berks Landfill, Spring Township, Pennsylvania, in order to produce accurate, consistent data of known quality upon which the risk assessment and decisions concerning potential remedial actions can be based. This QAPjP is primarily intended to address chemical analysis of Site samples in the field and in the laboratory. Samples of ambient air will be collected during this RI/FS. Appendix A of this QAPjP contains a quality assurance plan for ambient air to be used for this project. Enseco 7 Air Toxics (part of Enseco, Inc.) has been tentatively identified as the analytical laboratory to provide air sampling containers and conduct air sample analyses. Ceimic Corporation (Narragansett, RI) will provide primary analytical chemistry services to this RI/FS. This QAPjP is a modification of the laboratory's Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP) to incorporate project specific requirements and field/sampling issues, and is based upon the most recent versions of the following USEPA Guidance Documents specified in the Consent Order (USEPA, 1991): USEPA, 1983 Interim Guidelines for Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plansf EPA-600/4-83-004, QAMS-005/80, February. USEPA, 1987 Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities-Development Process. EPA/540/G- 87/003, March. USEPA, 1988 Guidance for____Conductincr____Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA. EPA/540/G-89/004, October. Golder Associates AR30II5^ ^ . . _U . Section: 1 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 2 of 2 These guidance documents specify 16 essential elements to be included in a QAPjP. The first two elements, title page ^-^ (with provision for approval signatures) and Table of Contents (with Distribution List) are included in the front of this document. EPA approval of this QAPjP is anticipated to be documented in a separate letter of approval. The remaining 14 elements are presented in Sections 2 through 15. Key personnel identified for this project are provided on Table 1. The signatures on the cover sheet of this QAPjP demonstrate the review, approval, acceptance and responsibility for the Quality Assurance/Quality Control procedures specified herein by relevant managers of the project team. Any other laboratories used during this RI/FS will ba required to adhere to the provisions of this QAPjP. Any , j revisions to this QAPjP will ba submitted to USEPA and the Respondents for approval prior to implementation. Golder Associates AR30II55 Section: 2 Revision No. 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 1 of 2 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION This QAPjP has been prepared in support of the RI/FS for the Berks Landfill. The landfill was closed in 1986 and is known to have accepted municipal and certain industrial wastes. The landfill was placed on the National Priority List because of potential migration of leachate constituents, primarily volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons, in groundwater. A detailed description of the landfill and the proposed site investigation is presented in the Work Plan (contained in Volume il of this document). Table 2 of this QAPjP provides a summary of Site data gaps and Phase 1A and IB Remedial Investigation activities. Soil, sediment, waste, surface water, groundwater, air, and landfill gas will be sampled for chemical analysis during this investigation. Additional samples for physical and biological analyses will also be collected. Tables 3 through 6 provide lists of parameters which may be tested during Phase 1A and/or Phase IB. Sampling procedures are documented in the Field Sampling Plan (contained in Volume 2 of this document). As shown by Table 5, leachate, monitoring well and residential well samples may be analyzed for the Target Compound List (TLC) organics (volatiles, semi-volatiles and pesticide/PCBs), the Target Analyte List (TAL) inorganics (23 metals [total and dissolved] plus cyanide) and water .quality indicator parameters consisting of alkalinity, hardness, chloride, fluoride, total phosphorus, sulfate, chromium (VI), ammonia, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate, total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). Field analyses will include measurements of pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature. For volatiles and semi-volatiles, tentatively identified compounds (TICs) will not be analyzed Section: 2 Revision No. 01 Data: May 1992 Page 2 of 2 or reported. Leachate samples and some groundwater samples may contain elevated levels of volatile organic target \.J compounds. These samples cannot be analyzed using the drinking water method (524.2) because tha calibration range of the method would be exceeded. In accordance with the method, these samples would require analysis at dilutions which would elevate tha reporting limits or analysis using a more suitable method (CLP SOW OLM01.3). Residential well samples and some groundwater well samples which do not contain appreciable concentrations of organic target compounds will ba analyzed using method 524.2 to achieve tha lowest possible reporting limits. As shown by Table 6, sediment and soil samples may be analyzed for TCL organics and TAL inorganics. For volatiles and semi-volatiles, TICs will not ba analyzed or reported. Sediment samples will ba analyzed in tha field for temperature, pH, specific conductance and color. Additional laboratory analyses will be conducted to determine TOC and \—' grain size (sediment) and natural moisture content/percent solids (soil and sediment). Golder Associates AR30II57 Section: 3 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 4 3.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY ^-^ Quality Control (QC) is defined as an organized system of activities whose purpose is to provide quality data, while Quality Assurance (QA) is more broadly defined as a system of activities designed to ensure that the quality control program is actually effective. Quality Control is included as part of Quality Assurance under this QAPjP. The basic components of this QA/QC Program are control, evaluation and correction. Control ensures the proper function of measurement systems (sampling and analysis) through the implementation of an orderly and well-planned series of positive measures taken prior to and during the course of sampling and analysis including quality control practices, training of personnel, routine maintenance and calibration of instruments, and frequent validation of standards. Evaluation involves the assessment of data generated during the control process. For example, precision and accuracy are determined from the results of duplicate and spike samples, and other check samples. Evaluation measures over the long-term include performance and systems audits conducted by the project and laboratory quality assurance groups as well as outside regulatory agencies. Correction includes the investigation, diagnosis and solution of any problem detected in the measurement system. Proper functioning of the system may be restored through method re-evaluation, analysis of additional check samples, trouble-shooting and repair of instrumentation or examination and comparison with historical data. Confidential records are maintained of corrective actions taken. flR30||58 Section: 3 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Paga. 2 of 4 Quality Assurance is a project-wide function that depends on cooperative working relationships and multi-level review by various members of the project team. Responsibilities for QA/QC functions begin with the field sampling team and extend to the Project Manager. In tha field, tha primary level of quality assurance resides with tha sampling team which is responsible for: o following the Field Sampling Plan guidelines; and, o documenting all fiald sampling and analysis activities In tha laboratory, tha primary level of quality assurance resides with tha bench scientist who is responsible for: o precisely following tha analytical methods and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP); o carefully documenting each step in the appropriate format; ; o conscientiously obtaining peer review as required; and, o promptly alerting supervisors and/or QA staff members to problems or anomalies. Tha Laboratory Manager is responsible for tha quality of tha data generated by tha scientists in the laboratory. Tha Laboratory Manager implements and monitors tha specific QC protocols and QA programs within tha laboratory to ensure a continuous flow of high quality data. It is tha Laboratory Manager'3 responsibility to provide tha bench chemists with ampla resources including spaca, equipment, personnel and time in order to accomplish acceptable performance. Additionally, tha laboratory has a QA Staff specifically designated to assist the Laboratory Manager with the QA function. ' Golder Associates A R 30 I 159 Section: 3 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 3 of 4 The responsibilities of the QA Staff may include monitoring QC practices, updating laboratory SOPs, and helping to manage analysis of Performance Evaluation samples. These scientists are part of the laboratory's QA staff and are important QA links. The overall laboratory Quality Assurance Program and associated activities are coordinated -by the Laboratory Director of Quality Assurance. While interacting on a daily basis with laboratory staff members, the Laboratory QA Director remains independent of the laboratory staff and reports directly to the Laboratory Manager. Laboratory compliance with the QA program is evaluated through informal and formal systems and performance audits by the QA Director. Remedial action is suggested if necessary. With ' input from the appropriate staff members, the Laboratory Director of Quality Assurance writes and edits general and specific QA plans, QC protocols, safety procedures, and Standard Operating Procedures. An essential element of the QA program is keeping records and archiving all information pertaining to quality assurance including QA/QC data, pre-award check sample results and scores, performance evaluation sample results and scores, state certifications, EPA and other audit comments, recommendations and reports. The Laboratory QA Director also plays an important role in the corrective action mechanism described in Section 16. During this project, the Laboratory Project Manager reports to the Golder Project Laboratory Interface. The Golder Project Laboratory Interface is responsible for all communications between the laboratory and Golder Associates and is the sole point of contact. An Alternate Laboratory Interface is the secondary point of contact when the primary Laboratory Interface cannot be reached in urgent situations. **_•«_,*.. flR30,,60 Section: 3 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 4 of 4 The Laboratory Interface communicates with Golder's Project staff and reports to the Golder Project Manager. •> The Golder Project Quality Assurance Officer is responsible for coordination of Quality Assurance issues identified in this QAPjP, such as field and laboratory audits. The Golder Project Quality Assurance Officer reports directly to the Golder Associates Project Manager. The Laboratory Managers are responsible for ensuring that all Laboratory tasks are performed in accordance with the QAPjP. Names and phone numbers of relevant contacts are provided in Table 1. Resumes of key individuals at the laboratory, as well as an organization chart, are provided in Appendix B. Golder Associates A R 3 0 i I fi I Section: 4 Revision No. 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 1 of 4 4.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA IN TERMS OF PRECISION. ACCURACY. REPRESENTATIVENESS. COMPLETENESS AND COMPARABILITY As part of the evaluation component of the QA Program, results are compared with certain data quality indicators. These data quality indicators are part of the overall Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) for the project, which are documented in the Work Plan (Volume Ii). Tables 7 through 9 provide information regarding sampling, DQOs and Levels of QA effort for each Phase of the RI. Data quality indicators include precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness and comparability (PARCC). Each indicator may be defined as follows: o Precision - the agreement or reproducibility among individual measurements of the same property, usually made under the same conditions. o Accuracy - the degree of agreement of a measurement with the true or accepted value. o Representativeness - the degree to which a measurement accurately and precisely represents a characteristic of a population, parameter, or variations at a sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition. o Completeness - a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from a measurement system compared vith the amount that was .expected to be obtained under correct normal conditions. o Comparability - an expression of the confidence with which one data set can be compared with another data set in regard to the same property. Quality Assurance objectives vary according to the specific objectives of each analysis. The accuracy, precision, and representativeness of data will be functions of the origins of the samples, the procedures used to analyze camples and generate data, and the specific sample matrices involved. Quality control practices utilized in the evaluation of these data quality indicators include use of accepted Colder Assod,lM fiR30H62 Section: 4 Revision No. 01 Date: May 1992 Page 2 of 4 analytical procedures, adherence to hold times, and analysis of QC samples including blanks, replicates, spikes, "^~s calibration standards, and check samples. Tables 10 through 13 summarize the PARCC data for aqueous and soil/sediment samples for both laboratory and field parameters. Method Detection Limits (MDLs) and reporting units for non-TCL/TAL inorganic analytical parameters are provided in Table 14. 4.1 Precision and Accuracy For each parameter analyzed, the QA objectives for precision and accuracy will be determined from: o published historical data; o method validation studies; o the laboratory's experience with similar samples; and/or, o project specific requirements, such as those stipulated by the USEPA in the Contract Laboratory / Program (CLP) protocols. v_x 4.2 Representativeness Representativeness primarily addresses proper design of a sampling program in terms of number and locations of samples, and sample collection techniques. The rationale for the number and location of samples for this project is discussed in the Work Plan contained in Volume I of this document. Sampling procedures are described in the Field Sampling Plan contained in Volume II of this document. The representativeness of the analytical data is a function of the procedures used in processing the samples. Whenever possible, standard USEPA or USEPA-accepted analytical procedures will be followed. flR30H63 Section: 4 Revision No. 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3-of 4 4.3 Completeness Completeness is defined as the fraction of valid data * obtained from a measurement system (sampling and analysis) compared to that which was planned. Completeness can be less than 100 percent due to poor sample recovery, sample damage, or disqualification of results which are outside of control limits due to laboratory error or matrix-specific interferences. Analytical completeness is documented by including in the report sufficient information to allow the data user 'to assess the quality of the results. The evaluation of laboratory report completeness includes: o analysis of all samples; o generation and analysis of all required QC samples; o sufficient documentation of associated calibration, tuning, and standardization; and, o records of data reduction processes. The overall completeness goal for each task is difficult to determine prior to data acquisition. However, for this project, every attempt will be made to attain 85% completeness or better. The completeness for samples types and analyses with only a few camples (the TCLP samples) will be evaluated based upon meeting DQOs for that type of sample. The need for additional data will be continually assessed during the project and summarized in the RI/FS reports. 4.4 Comparabi1ity The results of these analyses can be compared with other analyses by other laboratories, because the objectives of the laboratory for comparability are: Golder Associates AR30iI Section: 4 Revision No. 01 Date: May 1992 Page 4 of 4 o to demonstrate traceability of standards to NBS or EPA sources; o to use standard methodology; o to apply appropriate levels of quality control within the context of the Laboratory Quality Assurance Program; o to report results in standard units; and, o to participate in interlaboratory studies to document laboratory performance. By using traceable standards and standard methods, the analytical results can be compared to other laboratories operating similarly. The QA Program documents internal performance, and the interlaboratory studies document performance compared to other analysts at other locations. Such interlaboratory studies often include analysis of split samples collected by USEPA oversight contractors. The Data Quality Objectives as summarized by the PARCC control limits on Tables 10 through 13 may not always be achievable due to such factors as matrix interferences, elevated constituent concentrations or other unforeseen factors. The data validation guidelines (Appendix C) provide direction for the determination of data usability. Qualified data (biased high, biased low, estimated) can often provide useful information which can be used as a basis for important RI/FS decisions, although the degree of certainty associated with the results may not be as planned. Professional judgement will be used to determine data usability with respect to project goals. Golder Associates AR30M65 Section: 5 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Pagei 1 of 2 5.0 SAMPLING PROCEDURES Sampling procedures are described in the Field Sampling Plan contained in Volume 2 of this document. Appropriately prepared (and preserved) sample containers are supplied by the laboratory. Preservation procedures and analytical holding times will be in accordance with the published analytical methods, and USEPA Region III guidelines. Tables 5 and 6 summarize this information for aqueous/leachate and soil/sediment samples. Because the Site is a landfill, it is possible that groundwater samples for analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) might foam with the addition of acid preservatives due to high concentrations of bicarbonate. Every attempt will be made to preserve samples using HC1 in accordance with Table 5 of this document. However, if foaming occurs, both preserved and unpreserved VOC samples will be submitted to the laboratory and the Golder Laboratory Interface will be notified. The Laboratory Interface will inform the Golder Project Manager of the situation and relay the Golder Project Manager's decision regarding analysis of these samples to the laboratory. The lack of acid preservative should only affect analytical holding times for aromatic compounds because acid preservative is intended to prevent biodegradation of aromatic VOCs. Chlorinated VOCs, which have been previously detected at the Site, should be stable in unpreserved samples within the holding times specified for preserved samples in the published analytical method. If foaming occurs, the laboratory will make every attempt to analyze the unpreserved samples within seven (7) days of sample collection barring unforeseen matrix problems. Golder Associates AR30N66 Section: 5 Revision No. : 01 Date: May 1992 Page 2 of 2 Samples collected for analytical testing will be designated ^ according to the sample point identification and sampling , j phase. The following code will serve as sample designation: 1234567 where the first five characters designate the sample point identification and matrix, - the sixth and seventh characters will designate the phase of the RI 1A- Phase 1A of the RI IB- Phase IB of the RI Tha sample matrix is part of the sample point identification and will be as presented on Figures 1 and 2 presented in the Field Sampling Plan - Volume II. (e.g., SED =» sediment, SW =» surface water) . Additional matrix codes may be assigned in the field as necessary. These codes (e.g., aqueous blanks for soil samples) must be documented in field notes prior to sample collection. Sample labels and chain-of-custody forms will include no less than the above mentioned designation criteria. Final technical reports from the laboratory should also include the same information to assure sample integrity. Golder Associates AR3QII67 Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page i of 9 6.0 SAMPLE CUSTODY 6.1 Chain-6f-Custody Samples are physical evidence collected from a facility or the environment. Sample data generated during this project may be used as evidence in EPA enforcement proceedings. In support of potential litigation, chain-of-custody procedures have been established to ensure sample traceability from the time of collection through completion of analysis. The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) of EPA considers a sample in custody under the following conditions: . o It is in your actual possession, or o It is in your view, after being in your physical possession, or o It was in your possession and then you locked or sealed it to prevent tampering, or o It is in a secure area. Chain-of-Custody is initiated as samples are shipped from the Site to the laboratory. A chain-of-custody form is provided in Figure 1. The sampling team will acknowledge relinquishment of samples to the laboratory. The laboratory will acknowledge receipt of the samples and maintain them under laboratory chain-of-custody. At the laboratory all custody documentation is kept in case custody files originated by the Sample Custodian until samples are removed from storage for disposal. At that time the case custody files are entered into the central case files and the disposal of samples and extracts documented. i Chain-of-custody of a sample ensures that the sample is traceable from when it was taken in the field through Golder Associates AR30I168 Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 2 of 9 laboratory receipt, preparation, analysis and finally, disposal. The primary chain-of-custody documents which may \^J be used to locate a sample at any point in time are: o The chain-of custody form from the field describing the origin and transportation of a sample; o The Laboratory Sample Receipt Log and supporting log-in records, documenting acceptance of a sample by the laboratory; and o The Sample Control Forms, documenting the analyst who has custody and the reason for removal of a sample from storage. t 6.2 Laboratory Security Samples are kept within secure areas during all stages of laboratory tenure, including the periods of time spent in preparation, analysis and storage. The laboratory area is designated as a secure area. The doors to this area are kept locked at all times and may be ^-^ accessed by key or combination. Authorized personnel only are allowed to enter the secure areas. Visitors to tha laboratories must be accompanied by laboratory staff members. 6.3 Duties and Responsibilities of the Sample Custodians Duties and responsibilities of the Sample custodian shall include but not be limited to: o Receiving Samples; o Inspecting sample shipping containers for presence/absence and condition of Custody seals, locks, nevidence tape," etc.; and, container breakage and/or container integrity; o Recording condition of both shipping containers and sample containers (bottles, jars, cans, etc.) in appropriate logbooks. This also includes recording if the samples were cool upon arrival j Golder Associates AR30M69 Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 PageY!. of 9 (if appropriate), and recording the pH of aqueous samples; o Signing appropriate documents shipped with samples (i.e., airbills, chain-of-custody record(s)); o Verifying and recording agreement or non-agreement of information on sample documents (i.e. chain-of- custody records, airbills, etc.) in appropriate logbooks or on appropriate forms. If there is non-agreement, the Golder Laboratory Interface will be notified in order to resolve the discrepancy; o Initiating the paper work for sample analyses on appropriate laboratory documents (including establishing case and sample files and inventory sheets) as required for analysis or according to laboratory standard operating procedures; o Harking or labelling samples with laboratory sample numbers as appropriate; o Placing samples, sample extracts, and spent samples into appropriate storage and/or secure areas; o Controlling access to samples in storage and assuring that laboratory standard operating procedures are followed when samples are removed from and returned to storage; o Honitoring chain-of-custody of samples in the laboratory; o Honitoring storage conditions for proper sample preservation such as refrigeration temperature and prevention of cross-contamination; .o Returning shipping containers to the proper sampling teams; and, o Sending shipping containers, prepared sample bottles and sampling instructions to the field sampling team. 6.4 Sample Receipt Procedure Sample shipments are received at the laboratory by the designated Sample Custodian. Shipping information is recorded • in the "incoming" logbook and the paperwork filed Golder Associates AR30II70 Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 4 of 9 chronologically. The shipping containers are then inspected and opened by the Sample Custodian who records the following information on the Sample Receipt Form as he/she unpacks the • coolers: o Presence/Absence of: 1. Custody seals; 2. Chain-of-custody records; and, 3. Airbills or bills of lading documenting shipment of samples. o Condition of custody seal (intact, broken, absent) and shipping container; o Condition of sample bottles; o Verification of agreement or non-agreement of information on receiving documents; and, o Resolution of problems or discrepancies with the Golder Laboratory Interface. Following resolution of any problems or discrepancies, the \J Sample Custodian signs the Sample Receipt Form and originates a custody file for the sat of samples, including in it the Sample Receipt Form. When the Sample Custodian is not available to receive samples, the sample container is signed for by a laboratory staff member, and the time, date and name of the person receiving tha container are recorded in the Incoming Log along with the appropriate shipping information. The samples are then stored under refrigeration (if appropriate) in tha sample receipt area, which is located within the secured area. The samples are officially received and documented by the Sample Custodian or designee on the next business day. flR30||7l Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Pag6 5;of 9 6.5 Sample Locr—in and Identification 6.5.1 Sample Identification In order to maintain sample identity, each sample received at the laboratory is assigned a unique sample identification (sample ID) number. After inspecting the samples, the Sample Custodian assigns each sample a laboratory sample ID number. These numbers are chronologically sequential. Laboratory sample identification numbers appear in the following format: ww - xxxx - yy - zz where "ww" represents the last two digits of the current year; "xxxx" 'represents a four digit project number which is assigned sequentially when a sample group (case) is received at the laboratory; wyyii represents the sample number within the group (case); and "zzz" represents an individual laboratory code. e.g.: 87 - 0014 - 06 - ABC The laboratory Sample Custodian assigns each sample an identification number. The laboratory sample ID numbers are recorded on the Sample Receipt Form in the Sample Receipt Log and on the Sample Information Form. Each sample is clearly labelled with its laboratory sample ID number by the Sample Custodian. The same sample ID number appears on each sample preparation container and extract vial associated with the sample. Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 6 of 9 6.5.2 Sample Log-In The sample log-in system at the laboratory consists of computerized entry into the Sample Receipt Log. The information recorded includes: o Laboratory Sample Identification Number o Date of Receipt, o Client Name, o Client Sample Identification and Sample Date, o Sample Matrix, o Analyses Required, o Project Number, o Due Date and Comments, and o Initials of Sample Custodian or designee. 6.5.3 Sample Information After completing tha Sample Receipt Form and making sample entries in the Sample Receipt Log, the Sample Custodian prints out sample data on the Sample Information Form including: o Client Name; o Laboratory Project Number; o Number of Samples Received; o Type(s) of Samples Received (Sample Matrix); o Due Date of Samples; o Laboratory Sample ID Numbers; o Client ID Number and Sample Date; o Analyses to be Performed; o Provision for Signature of Sample Custodian (or . designee); flR30 Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 7 of 9 . , o Date of Sample Log-in; and, o Provision for Signature of Laboratory Project Hanager or designee. After signing and dating the Sample Information Form, the Sample Custodian notifies the Laboratory Project Hanager of the arrival of the samples. The Laboratory Project Hanager verifies that the information on the Sample Information Form is correct by countersigning and dating the form. The original Sample Information Form is placed in the chain-of- custody file for the case or project. The custody file is originated by and remains with the Sample Custodian until the samples are disposed of. At that time, the custody file is entered in the laboratory's central file for the case or project. i Copies of the Sample Information Form are distributed to the Laboratory Project Hanager, accounting group and the appropriate laboratory managers. Another copy of the form may be sent to the Golder Laboratory Interface as confirmation of sample receipt and specified analyses. 6.6 sample storage Samples are stored in a central storage facility within a secured area. After sample receipt and log-in procedures are completed, the Sample Custodian places the samples in their original containers within the appropriate refrigerators in the sample storage area. The eample storage area is for samples only, no standards or reagents are present. Refrigerators are maintained at 5°C (+/-4°C). A daily temperature log is kept for each refrigerator by the Sample i Custodian. GoU.erAssod.te,, flR30H7l» Section: 6 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3 of 9 Access to the sample storage area is controlled by the Sample Custodian, who is responsible for monitoring sample ^—X custody. All transfers of samples into and out of storage are documented on a laboratory chain-of-custody form and the Sample Control Record. When an analyst removes a sample for preparation and/or analysis, the sample is signed out. Similarly, a sample is signed back in when the analyst returns it to storage prior to the end of his/her working day. When analysis is complete, extracts and any remaining sample are retained in the central storage area until they may be disposed of. Broken or damaged samples are promptly disposed of in a safe manner, and the disposal documented. 6.7 Final Evidence Files The laboratory will keep final evidence files containing all relevant and appropriate project information. This j information includes, but is not limited to the following: o chain-of-custody records including airbills; o sample log-in information forms; o copies of laboratory chronicles; o copies of bench sheets; o instrument raw data printouts; o chromatograms; o correspondence memoranda; and o final report file. Golder retains all relevant and appropriate project information in project files. The information contained in these files include, but is not limited to the following: o chain-of-custody records; \_J flR30||75 Section: 6 ,-,.-.,. Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page.9 of 9 o field notes and information; o correspondence and telephone memoranda; o meeting notes; o laboratory information; o data validation information; o reference information; o audit information; and o copies of reports. These files will be retained for a minimum of six years as specified in the Consent Order. Golder Associates AR30II76 Section: 7 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 4 7.0 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FREQUENCY 7.1 Laboratory Instruments ^*S Instrument calibration establishes that the system is functioning correctly and at a level of sensitivity sufficient to meet required detection limits. Routine calibration provides a means of rapid detection of instrument variance and possible malfunction, ensuring that data quality is maintained. Specific calibration and check procedures are given in the analytical methods. Frequency of calibration and concentration of standards are determined by manufacturer recommendations, the cited methods, or special project requirements. Standard calibration curves of signal response versus concentration are generated on each analytical instrument used for a project prior to analysis of samples. A calibration curve of tha appropriate linear range is established for each parameter that is included in tha . j analytical procedure employed and is verified on a regular basis with check standards. In general, the laboratory adheres to the calibration criteria specified by the USEPA for the Contract Laboratory Program for both organics and inorganics. For analyses outside of the CLP protocols, calibration procedures and frequency are performed in accordance with the specified analytical methodologies presented on Tables 3 through 6 for each parameter/analysis. Tha following discussions are examples of calibration procedures for various instrument systems. Gas ChroTnatooraph (GC) An initial calibration is performed using three different concentration levels for each parameter of interest. The initial calibration is done on each quantitation column and each instrument, and is repeated each time a new column is installed or other major changes in the chromatographic system take place. Golder Associates AR30II77 Section: 7 v Revision No.: 01 '-•••». Dates Hay 1992 Page 2 of 4 For CLP-type analyses, continuing calibration takes place at the beginning and once every five samples throughout the seventy-two hour analytical sequence. The percent difference in calibration factors for each standard must not exceed 20% (15% for any standard compound used for quantification.) Gas Chroroatocfraph/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) Initial calibration at five different concentration levels for each analyte is carried out for each system. Recalibration takes place whenever a major change occurs in the system, such as a column change in the GC or a source cleaning of the mass spectrometer. Continuing calibrations take place every twelve hours of instrument analysis time, and for CLP-type analysis, must have a percent difference of 25% or less in response factors for calibration check compounds. Prior to analysis of any samples, GC/HS systems are tuned to USEPA specifications for Bromofluorobenzene (BFB) and Decafluorotriphenylphosphine (DFTPP), for volatile and semi- volatile analyses respectively. Verification of tuning criteria occurs every twelve hours of instrument run time. Inductively-Coupled Plasma Spectrometer (ICP) Hixed standards are used to perform the initial multi-level calibration. Calibration check standards are analyzed every ten samples to verify instrument calibration. If the signal response of the check standard deviates by more than 10% from the initial calibration, the instrument is recalibrated. An interference control standard is run once every twenty samples to check interference correction inaccuracies. Golder Associates A R 3 0 I I 7 8 Section: 7 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3 of 4 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer fAAl Several concentrations of individual standards are analyzed ^^ to establish the initial calibration curve for each metal. A calibration check standard is analyzed at the beginning and end of every analysis, and after every twenty samples to verify the initial calibration of the instrument. If a check standard falls outside the control limit of +/-10% from the initial calibration, the instrument is recalibrated. Calibration blanks are analyzed at the beginning and end of the analysis and after every twenty samples during the analysis. 7.2 Laboratory Standards and Reagents Primary sources of standard reference materials used for calibration, calibration checks, and accuracy control are the USEPA and National Bureau of Standards (NBS) repositories. Reliable commercial manufacturers represent a secondary source. Certain projects may necessitate the use v J of reference standards supplied by the client. New standards are routinely validated against known standards that are traceable to EPA or NBS reference materials if possible. Reagents used in the preparation of matrix spike, surrogate standard, and internal standard spiking solutions for EPA/CLP work are validated using standards obtained directly •from EPA or traceable to EPA. Quality Control Check Samples from the EPA-EMSL Quality Assurance Branch in Cincinnati are routinely requested, received and analyzed by the laboratory. Standards are periodically analyzed for concentration changes and visually inspected for signs of deterioration such as color change and precipitate formation. A Standards Preparation. Logbook, which contains all pertinent information regarding the source and preparation of each analytical standard, is maintained by , , the laboratory. Colder Associates A R 30 I I 79 Section: 7 Revision No.: 01 Date:;; Hay 1992 Page 4 of 4 Reagents such as solvents, that are. produced and used in large quantities, are examined for purity by subjecting an aliquot to analysis, prior to purchase of an entire lot or shipment.. 7.3 Field Instruments and Analyses Field instruments, such as pH meters and organic vapor analyzers, will be standardized/calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's ' recommendations and against NBS traceable standards where appropriate. Calibration will occur at the beginning and end of each day and at least every four hours. Duplicate field measurements will be performed at a frequency of once per 20 samples or at a minimum of twice per sampling day, whichever is greater. Tables 10 and 11 provide precision criteria for field duplicate measurements. Hore rigorous field screening/analysis instrumentation will be calibrated in accordance with standard operating procedures given in the Field Sampling Plan. Appropriate calibration records will be maintained in project field notebooks. 7.4 Geophysical Testing Equipment Various equipment is used for geophysical testing of sediments and soils. All hydrometers, sieves, cylinders, scales and other appropriate equipment are calibrated prior to use to ensure proper measurement during testing. Calibration procedures are performed in accordance with the appropriate ASTH methodologies as well as manufacture's recommendations. Golder Associates AR3QII80 Section: 3 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 2 3.0 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Most site characterization samples collected during this x>—^ project will Joe analyzed by CLP methods. Samples collected for other purposes, such as treatability studies, will likely be analyzed by EPA-approved non-CLP methods. Non-CLP methods for both chemical and geophysical testing will be from the following documents: Methods for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewater. EPA-600/4-32-057, July 1982; Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water. EPA-600/4-88/039, December 1983; Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. EPA- 600/4-79- 020, 1979, revised March 1933; Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and j Wastewater. 16th Edition, APHA, Washington, D.C. 1935; Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste-PhvsicaI/Chemical Methods. SW-346, 3rd Edition. Office of Solid Waste, USEPA, Washington, D.C., November 1986; Annual Book of ASTM Standards-. Part 31-Water. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1981; Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Volume 04.08. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1990; Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air. EPA-600/4-84-041, April 1984. Golder Associates AR30 I 181 Section: 8 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page; 2;;0f 2 CLP methods will be performed in accordance with the following documents (Statements of Work): USEPA Contract Laboratory Program. Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis, Hulti-Media Hulti-Concentration. Document Number ILH02.1, September 1991;- ySEPA Contract Laboratory Program. Statement of Work for Orcfanics Analysis,___Hulti-Hedia,___Multi-Concentration, Document Number OLH01.8, Harch 1990, revised August 1991. Specific methodologies to be used during this RI/FS are provided in Tables 3 through 6. Residential wells will be sampled for volatile organic compounds and these samples will be analyzed using EPA method 524.2, a drinking water method. Analysis of samples from on-site wells using this low concentration method may \J not be feasible depending on the concentration of organics in the samples. Dilution of the samples may be necessary to avoid instrument overload yielding elevated detection limits. Thus, Golder expects that CLP methods should be used for on-site samples. Golder Associates AR30II82 Section, y Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 4 9.0. DATA REDUCTION. VALIDATION. AND REPORTING 9.1 Laboratory Data Reduction , Instrumental print-cuts, terminal readings, chromatograms, ^"""^ strip chart recordings, and physical measurements provide raw analytical data that are reduced to concentrations of analytes through the application of appropriate equations. Equations are generally given within the analytical methods. Data reduction may be performed manually by scientists or automatically by computerized data systems on the instruments. 9.2 Laboratory Data Validation Data validation is an essential element of the QA evaluation component. Validation is the process of data review and subsequent acceptance or rejection based on established criteria. The following criteria are employed by the laboratory in the evaluation of data: o Accuracy requirements; vV o Precision requirements; o Detection limit requirements; o Completeness; o Representativeness; o Correctness (of manual and computer calculations); o Contractual requirements; and, o Documentation requirements. As in the case of EPA/CLP procedures, data acceptance limits will be defined within the Statement Of Work (SOW). The same windows are used for similar types of analyses if the sample matrix permits. As a tracking mechanism of data acceptability, quality control charts may be plotted for specific parameters determined in identical, homogeneous matrices. Control limits for methods development and research data may be statistically determined as analytical results are generated. '\^l Golder Associates AR30II83 Section: 9 Revision No. : 01 Date: Hay 1992 'of 4 Validation includes data review at both the technical and editorial levels. Technical review evaluates the application of analytical protocols and resultant effects on the data generated. Editorial review assesses the content, lucidity, conciseness, and completeness of the data report. 9.3 Laboratory Data Reporting Interpretation of raw data and calculation of results are performed by a laboratory scientist experienced in the analytical« •methodology. Upon completion of data reduction, the scientist signs for the reported results on the data report form. Another scientist, experienced in the same discipline, reviews and verifies the results, also signing the ' data report form. The Laboratory Hanager, who is responsible for the data generated in that laboratory, often performs the second tier of review or may independently review data and completed report forms. Members of the QA staff also check the results on selected sets of data. At a minimum, each data point is checked by two scientists experienced with the analytical methodology. Records are maintained for all data, even for those results that are rejected as invalid. Final data files are stored at the laboratory. For samples analyzed using CLP protocols, the laboratory will produce data packages which conform to the requirements of the Statements of Work. For non-TCL/TAL parameters, the analytical reports may include the following information, where applicable: o sample results; o laboratory and field duplicate results; o matrix epike/matric spike duplicate recovery results; o laboratory control sample recovery and sample duplicate results; flR30||8l, Section: 9 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3 of 4 o surrogate recovery results; o gas. chromatrograms and quantitation reports for ^—^ environmental and quality control samples; o procedural blank results; o mass spectra for detected target analytes in environmental samples and blanks; o instrument calibration results; o detection limits; o reporting units for all determinations? and o laboratory chronicles. 9.4 Independent Data Validation/Useability Assessment The results of CLP analyses will be validated in accordance with USEPA functional guidelines as modified for Region III (See Appendix C) by a Golder Chemist. The data validation guidance documents specified by USEPA Region III Quality Assurance Directives are: vv o "Laboratory Data Validation Functional Guidelines for Evaluating Inorganic Analyses:, June 13, 1933. Annotated for Region III June, 1938; o Region III Modifications to the Inorganic Functional Guidelines", June, 1983; o "Laboratory Data Validation Functional Guidelines for Evaluating Organic Analyses", February 1, 1933. Annotated for Region III June, 1983; o Region III Modifications to the Organic Functional Guidelines", June, 1933; and o Region III General Guidance for Data Review", June, 1933. As these documents do not address the modifications and requirements of the most recent Statements of Work previously specified in Section 3.0, the guidelines listed above might be replaced with updated guidelines when finalized by the USEPA. \^J Golder Associates AR30II85 Section: 9 Revision No.: 01 , Date: Ikay 1992 Page 4 of 4 If guidelines for the 1990 Statements of Work are not available, the above guidelines in conjunction with the Statements of Work themselves will be used for data assessment purposes. Non-CLP results will be assessed with respect to QC results, such as: o proper chain-of-custody documentation; o adherence to analytical hold times; o absence of or low levels of contamination in method, trip, and equipment rinsate blanks; o precision of replicate analyses/samples; and, o accuracy for spiked samples, as appropriate. The useability of all data will be evaluated with respect to project goals. Data which fail certain validation/QC criteria can often provide useful information, although the degree of certainty associated with the results might not be as planned. Qualified results will be reported for CLP samples on the CLP reporting forms. Qualified results, data packages and analytical reports will be stored in project files at Golder. Go.derAsso^es flR30|,86 Section: 10 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page l of 4 10.0 QUALITY CONTROL Laboratory analytical procedures are based on sound quality control methodology, which derives from three primary sources: o Standards for Good Laboratory Practice; o Specific EPA and other approved analytical methods; and, o "Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater Laboratories" (EPA 600/4-79-019). In the application of established analytical procedures, the laboratory employs, at a minimum, the QC protocols described in the references found in the Analytical Methods section. The laboratory has an individual QC program which includes, but is not limited to, the practices described below. General QC Protocols - Organics Laboratory o Trip blanks, when applicable, to detect contamination during sample shipping, handling and storage. o Method blanks, at a minimum of one in every 20 samples, to detect contamination during analysis. o One matrix spike of laboratory water or soil every 20 samples, to determine! accuracy. o One matrix spike duplicate of laboratory water or soil every 20 samples, to determine precision. o Sample spikes and spike duplicates, as required by tha project, to determine accuracy and the presence of sample matrix effects. o Check samples periodically, to document accuracy. o Performance evaluation samples from EPA, to verify continuing compliance with EPA QA/QC standards. o Surrogate standards and calculation of recoveries, to determine matrix effects. AR30II87 Section: 10 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 2^of 4 o Internal standards for GC/HS analysis, to account for sample-to-sample variation. o GC analysis of EPA traceable standards to verify working standard accuracy and instrument performance. o Initial multi-level calibration of instruments, to establish calibration curves. o Daily calibration of instruments. o Tuning of GC/HS systems once every 12 hours to EPA specifications, for consistency in data generation. o Control limits, to determine data acceptability. General PC Protocols - Hetals Laboratory o Analysis by ICP (inductively coupled plasma" spectroscopy) or flame atomic absorption spectroscopy for most metals. o Analysis by Zeeman effect graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for low concentrations of certain metals. o Initial and Continuing Calibration blanks, and method blanks, at a minimum of 1 in every 20 samples, to detect instrumental or laboratory contamination. o Initial multi-level calibration of instruments, to establish calibration curves by individual standards (AA) or mixed standards (ICP). o Check standards every ten samples, to verify instrument calibration. o Control limit of +/- 10%; recalibration if check standard deviates by more than 10% from initial calibration. o One matrix spike of laboratory water or soil every 20 samples, to determine accuracy for AA analysis. o One sample spike every 20 samples, to determine accuracy and matrix effects for AA analysis. o Hethod of standard additions if sample spike recovery falls outside +/- 15% control limit for AA analyses. flR30H88 Section: 10 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3 of 4 o One sample duplicate every 20 samples, to determine precision and matrix effects for AA and ICP analyses. o Interference control standard every 20 samples, to check interference correction inaccuracies for ICP analyses. o Check samples every 20 samples, to document accuracy. o Performance evaluation samples from EPA, to verify continuing compliance with EPA QA/QC standards. General QC Protocols - Classical Chemistry Laboratory (Cyanide/Mercury) o One method blank per sample batch (minimum of l per 20 samples), to detect contamination during analysis. o One matrix spike of laboratory water or soil every 20 samples, to determine accuracy. o One matrix spike duplicate of laboratory water or soil every 20 samples, to determine precision. o One sample spike every 20 samples, to determine accuracy and matrix effects. o One sample duplicate every* 20 samples, to determine precision and matrix effects. o Check samples periodically, to document accuracy. o Performance evaluation samples from EPA, to verify continuing compliance with EPA QA/QC standards. o Initial multi-level calibrations, to establish calibration curves. o Calibration checks, to verify calibration. CN - every 5 samples Hg - every 10 samples o Control limits to determine data acceptability. Golder Associates AR30I189 Section: 10 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 •••.•<«• Page;,; Control limits for accuracy and precision of Internal QC checks may be found on Tables 10 through 13 of this QAPjP. The acceptable overall measurement effort may be quantitatively expressed by the precision and accuracy goals for the data (Tables 10 through 13) which are representative of both sampling and analytical error. Golder Associates AR30II90 Section: 11 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 3 11.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS AUDITS. PERFORMANCE AUDITS AND FREQUENCY As a participant in several certification programs and \*-s various contracts, the laboratory is frequently subjected to rigorous performance evaluations and on-site inspections by regulatory agencies and commercial clients. The Laboratory Quality Assurance staff performs routine internal audits of the laboratory as well. The audits ensure that all laboratory systems including sample control, analytical procedures, data generation, and documentation meet contractual requirements and comply with good laboratory practice standards. Minimum field and laboratory audit requirements are specified in the Consent Order. 11.1 Systems Audits The laboratory is audited routinely by QA staff members in order to detect any problems in sample flow, analytical procedures, or documentation problems and to ensure adherence to the good laboratory practices as described in , laboratory operating manuals. ^~^^ 11.2 Performance Audits The USEPA Contract Laboratory Program requires successful performance of pre-award performance evaluation samples prior to acceptance into the program. Once established in the program, a lab must continue to demonstrate performance capabilities by successfully analyzing blind samples sent by the EPA each quarter. The laboratory also participates in the Water Supply (WS) and Water Pollution (WP) Series of Performance Evaluations sponsored by the Quality Assurance Branch of tha EPA. Successful analyses of these samples are required as part of the laboratory certification process for the environmental agencies of several states. Performance is monitored, internally on a daily basis at the laboratory through the use of surrogate standards and matrix Golder Associates AR30I191 Section: 11 Revision No.: 01 Date;i;Hay 1992 • ' • Page ^ of 3 control samples. Check samples obtained from EPA-EMSL, Cincinnati, QA Branch, and from independent commercial sources are employed routinely in the laboratory and ensure continuing high level performance. i The results of recent EPA audits are provided in Appendix D. The scores for recent 1991 Performance Evaluation samples are also included in Appendix D. These audit results fulfill the Consent Order Requirement for a laboratory audit during the project. Per the requirements of the Consent Order, field sampling procedures during the project will be audited, and an audit report will be submitted to USEPA. 11.3 Field Audits During the audit of Phase 1A field activities the technical requirements procedures, and protocols established in the FSP will be reviewed on site with specific emphasis in drilling operations, borehole logging, well installation and development, well diagrams, and well acceptance. During the audit of sampling activities the focus will be on field sampling procedures for surface and subsurface soils, surface water and groundwater, collection of QC samples, integrity of sample containers, sample preservation procedures, cleaning of sampling equipment, specific procedures for sampling Target Compound List (TCL) and Target Analyte List (TAL) parameters and inorganic analytes, field log books, field measurements, preparation of control samples, and sample volume. Acceptance criteria for field measurements are detailed on Tables 10 and 11. The overall sample management in the field will be reviewed together with field documentation as follows: o Field notebooks - to ensure that entries are legible, written in ink and contain accurate and inclusive documentation of an individual's project activities. All notebook entries must be signed and dated and pages sequentially numbered. Go.derAssocfc.es flR30 | | 92 Section: 11 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3 of 3 Chain-of-Custody records - to ensure that all entries are legible, written in ink and clearly show transfer of sample bottles to and from the site. Responsible individuals must sign and date the custody records. Field Data records - to ensure that observations and field measurements are recorded with all pertinent information to explain and reconstruct sampling information. Each Field Data record should be legible, written in ink and signed and dated by the individual recording the measurements/observations. Photographs will be taken during field activities and logged in the field notebook. The log will include the photographers name, date and photographic perspective. When photographs are received from the developers this information will be transcribed onto the backs of photographs. All entries are to be legible and written in ink. Corrections - field documents will be reviewed to ensure that errors are corrected in the proper manner. The correction should ba made by drawing a single line through the error and entering the correct information. The erroneous information should not be destroyed. All corrections are to be initialled and dated. Golder Associates AR30I193 Section: 12 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page,1 of l 12.0 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Preventive maintenance is a routine practice for each analytical instrument. Scheduled preventive maintenance minimizes instrument downtime and consequent interruption of analysis. The laboratory personnel are familiar with maintenance requirements of the instruments they operate. This familiarity is based on conventional education, specialized courses and hands-on experience. Designated staff members are trained at the manufacturer's facilities in the routine maintenance procedures for major analytical instrumentation. The laboratory maintains an inventory of replacement parts required for preventive maintenance and spare parts that often need replacement, such as electron multipliers for GC/HS systems as well as fuses and ferrules. In the case of a downed instrument, the problem is diagnosed as quickly as possible. If necessary, replacement parts are ordered and repairs performed by skilled in-house personnel. Key instrumentation is maintained under service contract. As a third option, a service call is placed with the manufacturer. Instrument problems and repairs are documented in logbooks kept in each laboratory. The Golder office in New Jersey maintains an inventory of .replacement parts for field instruments and routinely performs preventative maintenance on this equipment. Spare parts and reagents that often require replacement (batteries, calibration solutions, electrode filling solutions) will be kept on hand at the site during sampling activities. Golder Associates AR30II91* Section: 13 Revision No. : 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 3 13.0 SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDURES USED TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION. ACCURACY. AND COMPLETENESS .J Precision, accuracy, and completeness are defined in Section 6. The evaluation of these parameters is described below. 13.1 Precision Precision is frequently determined by the comparison of replicates, where replicates result from an original sample that has been split for identical analyses. The standard deviation of replicate samples is commonly used in estimating precision. Sample standard deviation is defined as: s =» {[l/(n-l)] x SUM (xi - X)2} where a quantity x (e.g., a concentration) is measured n times with a mean, X. The relative standard deviation, RSD (or sample coefficient of variation, CV) , which expresses standard deviation as a percentage of the mean, is generally useful in the comparison of three or more replicates (although it may be applied in the case of n=»2) : RSD (or CV) = 100 (s/X) where: RSD =• relative standard deviation, or CV =« coefficient of variation s =» standard deviation X =» mean. In the case of duplicates, samples that result when an original sample has been split into two for identical analyses, the percent difference (%D) between the two samples may be used to estimate precision: Golder Associates AR30II95 Section: 13 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page' 2 of 3 %D = {2 X 13.2 Accuracy The determination of accuracy of a measurement requires a knowledge of the true or accepted value for the parameter being measured. Accuracy may be calculated in terms of bias as follows: Bias - X - T %Bias •= 100 (X - T)/T where: X «= average observed value of measurement T e "true" value. Accuracy may also be calculated in terms of the present recovery of spiked samples: %Recovery *= 100 (X/T) . 13.3 Completeness Determining whether a data base is complete or incomplete may be quite difficult. To be considered complete, the data set must contain all QC check analysis verifying precision and accuracy for the analytical protocol. Less obvious is whether the data are sufficient to achieve the. goals of the project. All data are reviewed in terms of project goals in order to determine if the .data base is sufficient. Tables 10 and 11 contain overall completeness goals of various sample analyses for obtaining usable data. Golder Associates AR30M9_ . . ^ 6• Section: 13 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 3 of 3 As may be noted in the Data Validation Guidelines (Appendix C) data may not always meet precision and accuracy requirements but may still be considered useable. The data will be assessed with regard to the project DQOs, and professional judgement shall be used in determining data usability. Golder Associates AR30I197 Section: 14 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 1 of 3 14.0 CORRECTIVE ACTION An essential element of the QA Program, Corrective Action, provides systematic, active measures to be taken in the resolution of problems and the restoration of analytical systems to proper functioning. Corrective actions for laboratory problems are described in the laboratory operating manuals. Personal experience often is most valuable in alerting the bench scientist to suspicious results or malfunctioning equipment. Specific QC procedures are designed to help analysts determine the need for corrective actions (See Section 9, Data Reduction, Validation, and Reporting). Corrective actions taken by scientists in the laboratory help to avoid the collection of poor quality data. Examples of conditions that may warrant corrective actions are given below: o Tuning or calibration of instruments outside of specifications. o QC data for precision and accuracy outside of acceptance limits. o Undesirable trends in concentration, surrogate and spike recoveries, response factors or relative percent difference. o Abnormal variation in detection limits. o Check sample results out of range. Problems not immediately detected during the course of analysis may require more formalized, long-term corrective action. These problems may be identified during performance audits. The essential steps in the corrective action system are: o Identify and define the problem. Go.derAssoc.a.es flR30|l98 Section: 14 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page .2 of 3 o Assign responsibility for investigating the / problem. ^-X o Investigate and determine the cause of the problem. o Determine a corrective action to eliminate the problem. o Assign and accept responsibility for implementing the corrective action. o Establish effectiveness of the corrective action and implement it. o Verify that the corrective action has eliminated the problem. This scheme is generally accomplished through the use of Corrective Action Request Forms available to all laboratory staff members. Using this form, any laboratory scientist or project member may notify the QA Director of a problem. The QA Director initiates the corrective action by relating the j problem to the appropriate. laboratory managers and/or project managers who investigate or assign responsibility for investigating the problem and its cause. Once determined, an appropriate corrective action is approved by the QA Director. Its implementation is later verified through a laboratory audit. Information contained on Corrective Action forms is kept confidential within the laboratory QA files and is generally limited to the individuals involved. If Corrective Actions are required which directly effect performance of work for this project, a copy of the form will be placed in the Project file. The need for Corrective Action will be determined using professional judgement and the quality control criteria detailed in the data validation guidance document. An assessment of the situation will be made taking into consideration the usability of the data to meet AR30II99 Section: 14 Revision No.: 01 Date: Hay 1992 Page 3 of 3 project goals. All decisions regardin\r.*••'"g ' Corrective Action will be documented and placed in Project files. Similarly, the need for Corrective Action regarding field activities will be determined using the professional judgement of the field (sampling) personnel. Use of information from field audits may also be used to assess the need for Corrective Action. All Corrective Actions will be documented in the field notebooks and placed in Project files. All Corrective Actions must be reviewed and approved by the Field Task Leader prior to implementation. All Corrective Actions (laboratory and field) affecting data for this project will be documented and submitted to the Golder Project Hanager. Section: 15 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page 1 of 1 15.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT The Laboratory Director of Quality Assurance submits a QA report each quarter to the Laboratory Manager. The report contains detailed information on QA activities during the previous three months including: o Summary of systems and audits. o Performance evaluation samples analyzed and scores received. o Status of certifications. o Laboratory QA/QC review. o Problems and corrective actions. o Comments and recommendations. In the case of a severe problem or difficulty, a special report is prepared by the QA Director and submitted in a timely manner to the management. The results of laboratory and field sampling audit are reported to the Golder Project Manager and submitted to USEPA per the requirements of the Consent Order. The results of the laboratory audit are included in Appendix D. The field audit will be performed during the Phase 1A RI. Copies of the field audit report will be distributed to the Field Sampling Manager, the Respondents, the Golder Project Manager and Quality Assurance Officer and the USEPA Regional Project Manager. Golder Associates AR30I20I Section: 16 Revision No.: 01 Date: May 1992 Page l of 1 16.0 CONSENT ORDER REQUIREMENTS The Consent Order describes specific requirements for Quality Assurance during this RI/FS investigation. Most of these requirements have been addressed above. Commitment to the additional miscellaneous items is documented below. o No sampling will be performed prior to approval of the Work Plan by USEPA. o The laboratory to be used has a documented Quality Assurance Program which complies with USEPA guidance document QAMS-005/80. o Samples, records, files, personnel, etc. will be available for inspection by USEPA or their designated representative during normal business hours. o The Work Plan and Field Sampling Plan complement the contents of this QAPjP. o USEPA methods of chemical analysis will be used, where possible, and CLP methods will be used where appropriate. o Records/documentation will be maintained by all project participants for a minimum of 6 years, and will be submitted to USEPA if requested, unless the information is privileged. o A copy of the Consent Order will be provided to all subcontractors. Golder Associates TABLE 1 KEY PERSONNEL Golder Associates Inc. Project Manager: Randolph White 20,000 Horizon Way; Suite 500 Mt. Laurel, NJ 03054 Phone: (609) 273-1110 Fax: (609) 273-0773 Golder Associates Inc. Quality Assurance Officer; Robert M. Glazier 20,000 Horizon Way; Suite 500 Mt. Laurel, NJ 03054 Phone: (609) 273-1110 Fax: (609) 273-0773 Golder Associates Inc. Laboratory Interface: Lori Hendel Alternate; Elizabeth Auda 20,000 Horizon Way; Suite 500 Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054 Phone: (609) 273-1110 Fax: (609) 273-0778 Laboratory Project Manager: Conway Dodge. Jr. 10 Dean Knauss Drive Narragansett, RI 02332 Phone: (401) 732-3900 Fax: (401) 732-3905 Laboratory Quality Assurance Officer: Alfred Kwolek 10 Dean Knauss Drive Narragansett, RI 02382 Phone: (401) 782-3900 Fax: (401) 732-3905 Laboratory Manager - Organicar Miguel Muzzio Laboratory Manager — Inorganics i Phyllis Shiller 10 Dean Knauss Drive Narragansett, RI 02332 Phone: (401) 732-3900 Fax: (401) 732-3905 Resumes of key personnel at the laboratory may be found in Appendix B. Golder Associates '.-*-. 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(O CO CO c/3 co of ct M i UJ w io CO ? • of sCO eg CO n I AR30I227 o i n (L S e o I § I O U £ U I F? » .« (D ^ 3_ esa- a P CO UJ 5 O 1 QC CO co CO -5 :-z:- £ J CD * 3 CM of i T I ^ = e I ^73 S SS £ PI AR30I228 TABLE 9 LEVELS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ANALYTICAL DATA METHODOLOGIES Level Description (1) .Associated RI Activity 1 Level (Is the lowest quality data but - Health and safety monitoring provides the fastest results. Field - Phase 1A&1B field work screening or analysis provides Level 1 - pH. specific conductivity, data. It can be used for health and temperature & dissolved safety monitoring and preliminary oxygen measurements screening of samples to Identify those - Ambient air screening requiring confirmation sampling (Level using total organic IV). The generated data can Indicate the vapor analyzer presence or absence of certain con- stituents and Is generally qualitative rather than quantitative. It Is the least costly of the analytical options. II Level II data are generated by field laboratory - Not Applicable analysis using more sophisticated portable analytical instruments or a mobile laboratory onsite. This provides fast results and better-quality data than In Level 1. The analyses can be used to direct a removal action in an area, re-evaluate sampling locations, or direct Installation of a monitoring well network. Ill Level III data may be obtained by a - Indicator parameters commercial laboratory with or without Inorganic Lists A and B CLP procedures. (The laboratory may (refer to Tables 3 -4) or may not participate in the CLP.) The analyses do not usually use the validation or documentation procedures required of CLP Level IV analysis. The analyzed parameters are relevant to the design of the remedial action. IV Level IV data are used for risk assess- - Groundwater, surface water, ment, engineering design, and cost- soil, stream sediments, and recovery documentation. All analyses leachate analysis of CLP are performed In a CLP analytical labo- TCL and TAL parameters ratory and follow CLP procedures. and VOCs by 524.2 Level IV is characterized by rigorous QC protocols, documentation, and validation. V Level V data are those obtained by - SAS method not being nonstandard analytical procedures. performed Method development or modification may be required for specific constituents or detection limits. OTHER Other. This category Includes data - Geotechnlcal testing obtained from analyses of the physical • HydrogeologicaJ tests, I.e., properties of soil, such as Atterberg pump tests, packer testing, limits and soil moisture. slug tests. (f) EPA DQO Guidance Documents. tqtb09fl.wkl Page 1 of 1 Golder Associates AR30I229 CM "3 *.€«?##££**#«?£*# in e> i M ^ CM CM CM CM CM CM g iil33ic?&!s&£c3&c3c3c3§c3§&|2**^zz I I I S i a"*^ ii*y-?i-y iiiiii iii 3 3 3 a u» g a. ik^l! s S5-JJ|i I lit ! »}! < > c? i ? ^ S 1 I ^ 5 ^cS^lSc^c^Oaicf^^ii ^ (3 ^ AR30I230 CM O CM ti " I .\ fl s i sl.l fi i i i TO < «s S * E £ 1IV •_8• o & . 61 *f I CO S K -* € e I* I -§ e, £ CMr* s£ IfF I *| *Ssi ll V-. rt -irt' 1 ~iff « B i« -?jt , g §s «ft|f || « ll"f |8 I il»l *-§* i -* III 1EH I e«cc __ iof P-»•I _» c x | & O ft § E £.' ? I8I S 15i . £i*f !| S I 'ill i§§ £ * • • • jiMii ill_____liS'jiIIIl £g _S AR30I23I o 3 gw* W I I*""* Q. cs&* ^&^ cs B* 8*^, 2222 t O_ o s -» sa zt ««5j ftR30!232 TABLE 12 ( ACCURACY AND PRECISION* CRITERIA FOR AQUEOUS CLP SAMPLES VOLATILE ORGANICS: . QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery % RPD 1,1-Dichloroethene 61%-145% 0%-14% Trichloroethene 71%-120% 0%-14% Benzene 76%-127% 0%-11% Toluene 76%-125% 0%-13% Chiorobenzene 75%-130% 0%-13% SEMIVOLATtLE ORGANICS: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery % RPP Phenol 12%-110% 0%-42% 2-Chloropheno! 27%-123% 0%-40% 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 36%-97% 0%-28% N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 41%-116% 0%-38% 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 39%-98% ,,.-*,* 0%-28% 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 23%-97% 0%-42% Acenaphthene 46%-118% 0%-31% 4-Nitrophenol 10%-80% 0%-50% 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 24%-96% 0%-38% Pentachlorophenol 9%-103% 0%-50% Pyrene 26%-127% 0%-31% PESTICIDES: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery S6BPD gamma-BHC (Lindane) 56%-123% 0%-15% Heptachlor 40%-131% 0%-20% Aldrin 40%-120% 0%-22% Dleldrin , (j 52%-126% fc..^ 0%-18% Endrin S6%-121% 0%-21% 4,4'-DDT 38%-127% 0%-27% INORGANICS: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery % RPD Metals 75%-125% 0%-30%(a) Cyanide 7S%-125% 0%-30%(a) NOTES: * - Accuracy and Precision Criteria based upon CLP SOW OLM01.8 and ILM02.1 as well as Region III data validation guidelines. (a) - Maximum % RPD is 30% if concentration is greater than five times the Contract Required Detection Limit (CRDL). If the concentration is less than five times the CRDL, the precision limit is +/-' 2 times the CRDL fqtbi2fl.wk1 Page 1 of 1 Golder Associates AR30I233 TABLE 13 ACCURACY AND PRECISION* CRITERIA FOR SOIL/SEDIMENT CLP SAMPLES VOLATILE ORGANICS: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery %RPD 1,1-Dichloroethene 59%-172% 0%-22% Trichloroethene 62%-137% 0%-24% Benzene 65%-142% 0%-21% Toluene 59%-139% 0%-21% Chlorobenzena 60%-133% 0%-21% SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery % RPD Phenol 26%-90% 0%-35% 2-Chlorophenol 25%-102% 0%-50% 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 23%-104% 0%-27% N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 41%-126% 0%-33% 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 38%-107% 0%-23% 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 26%-103% 0%-33% Acenaphthene 31%-137% 0%-19% 4-Nitrophenol 11%-114% 0%-50% 2,4-Dinitrotdluene 23%-89% 0%-47% Pentachlorophenol 17%-109% 0%-47% Pyrene 35%-142% 0%-3S% PESTICIDES: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery % RPQ gamma-BHC (Undane) 46%-127% 0%-50% Heptachlor 35%-130% 0%-31% Aldrin 34%-132% 0%-43% Dieldrin 31%-134% 0%-33% Endrin 42%-139% 0%-45% 4,4'-DDT 23%-134% 0%-50% INORGANICS: QC LIMITS Compound % Recovery %RPD Metals 75%-125% 0%-50% (a) Cyanide 75%-l25% 0%-50% (a) NOTES: * - Accuracy and Precision Criteria based upon CLP SOW OLM01.8 and ILM02.1 as well as Region III data validation guidelines. (a) - Maximum V» RPD is 50% if concentration is greater than five times the Contract Required Detection Limit (CRDL). If tha concentration is less than five times the CRDL, the precision limit is +/- 4 times the CRDL fqtb13fl.wk1 Page 1 of 1 Golder Associates AR30!23li TABLE 14 METHOD DETECTION LIMITS FOR NON - TCL/TAL INORGANIC PARAMETERS PARAMETER MATRIX METHOD DETECTION LIMIT Ammonia Aqueous 0.1 mg/l Total Kjeldah! Nitrogen Aqueous 0.5 mg/l Nitrate Aqueous 0.02 mg/l Total Organic Carbon Aqueous 1.0 mg/l Total Organic Carbon Soil/Sediment 0.1 Va Total Inorganic Carbon Aqueous 2.0 mg/l Chemical Oxygen Demand Aqueous 5.0 mg/l Total Alkalinity Aqueous 2.0 mg/l Hardness Aqueous 2.0 mg/l Chloride Aqueous 2.0 mg/l Fiuoride Aqueous 0.1 mg/l Total Phosphorus Aqueous 0.1 mg/l Sulfate . Aqueous 5.0 mg/l Chromium VI Aqueous 0.01 mg/l Biochemical Oxygen Demand Aqueous 2.0 mg/l Total Dissolved Solids . Aqueous 5.0 mg/l Total Suspended Solids Aqueous 5.0 mg/l Turbidity Aqueous 0.1 ntu pH(a) Aqueous 0.1 std pH units pH(a) Soli/Sediment 0.1 std pH units Specific Conductance (a) Aqueous 10umhos/cm Specific Conductance (a) Soil/Sediment 10 umhos/cm Dissolved Oxygen (a) Aqueous 0.1 mg/l Temperature (a) Aqueous 0.1 deg C Color (b) Sediment (b) NOTES: (a) Reld measurements such as pH, specific conductance, temperature and dissolved oxygen do not have associated method detection limits. The values •indicated represent the sensitivity of the field equipment used. (b) Qualitative color determination for sediment samples will be made via visual inspection using a Munceli color chart. fqtbi4fl.wk1 Page 1 of 1 Golder Associates AR30I23S FIGURE A-l tor _ |1| § u i= I* s t* 5 !«s< p : .xr -- ** !tz!l \ w ;i i < TS 1 ^l|s . fla-lN sut.. I!V _ *• a _ m *• o P _.! CO ii •3 2 * 1 UJ !3 co a u O r-a S. = 1 iIlKli •S'^.?^ I11ill! S. H|5K lllllllI1" Illsl' * | I •Js v. CO --If- ;,35 !I £ £ l«— ,_!fl CD —— ^? J«^ a * ~ a A * s * * o. 1) Initial Calibration ml x 60 sec •* ml /min of VFR (vacuum flow sec 1 min regulator) Date Initials 2) Initial vacuum check inches of Hg vacuum of canister Date Initials 3) Field vacuum check inches of Hg vacuum before sampling Date Initials 4) Final vacuum/pressure inches of Kg vacuum after sampling Date Initials 5) Final vacuum/pressure inches of Hg vacuum after receipt by lab Date Initials 6) Calibration check of VFR ml x 60 sec «= ml /min after receipt by lab sec 1 min Date Initials Relinquished Bys Received by* Date / Time Notes Numbers 1,2,5/6 are completed by Enseco Lab personnel CFDR \ Enseco, Inc. • Air Toxics Laboratory ^~-^ 9S37 Telstar Avenue. Suite US • El Mome, CA 91731 (818) 442-8400 • FAX: (818) 442-3738 AR30I237 APPENDIX A Quality Assurance Plan Ambient Air Revision 01 AR30I238 • -i f I S i e n £ £ S .1 f i: 1.L' Mi: IIJJ I& * s ei W ti « «• § ^ 1A 6 !• AR30I201* CM O 1 _