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Fossilmammalsofc00mart ( .Pdf ) FOSSIL MAMMALS OF THE COLEMAN HA LOCAL FAUNA, SUMTER COUNTY, FLORIDA By ROBERT ALLEN MARTIN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks go to numerous colleagues who have generously loaned me both fossil and Recent specimens of Sigmodon and other mammals, or who have allowed me to view collections in their care, and most are noted in the Abbreviations section after the institution with which they are affiliated. I thank especially Dr. and Mrs. Robert Miller and Dr. and Mrs. Robert Hoffmann for allowing me to live in their homes while on a recent museum tour. I remain greatly indebted to my parents, Mr. and Mrs. Gerald M. Martin, for constant encouragement and funds. This research was supported in part by N. I. H. and N. S. F. summer fellowships (1966, 1967), a small grant from the Society of the Sigma Xi, and a small allotment from the Department of Zoology, Univer- sity of Florida. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ii List of Tables v List of Figures vii Description of Measurements and Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 Species List 8 Species Account 9 Class Mammalia Order Marsupialia Didelphis marsupialis 9 Order Insectivora Cryptotis parva 9 Blarina brevicauda 9 Scalopus aquaticus 11 Order Chiroptera Myotis cf M. austroriparius 11 Pipistrellus subflavus 11 Plecotus rafinesquii 12 Order Edentata +Dasypus bellus 13 -f Holmesina septentrionalis 16 Order Lagomorpha Lepus alleni 19 Sylvilagus sp. 21 Order Rodentia Sciurus carolinensis 24 Glaucomys sp. 24 Geomys c f G. pinetis 33 Reithrodontomys humulis 33 Peromyscus floridanus 33 Ochrotomys nuttalli 34 Peromyscus sp. 34 +Sigmodon bakeri , new species 35 Key to the Extinct and Extant Species of Sigmodon 40 Account of the Extinct and Extant Species of Sigmodon 42 Genus Sigmodon 42 hispidus species group 42 Sigmodon hispidus 42 Sigmodon alleni 44 Sigmodon ochrognathus 44 TABLE OF CONTENTS - continued Sigmodon fulviventer 44 +Sigmodon bakeri 44 leucotis species group 45 Sigmodon leucotis 45 Sigmodon peruanus 45 +Sigmodon curtisi 46 +Sigmodon hudspethensis 47 alstoni species group 48 Sigmodon alstoni 48 fmedius species group 48 +Sigmodon medius 48 +Sigmodon roedius medius , new subspecies 50 -- +Sigmodon medius hibbardi , new subspecies 50 -- +Sigmodon medius , subspecies indeterminate 51 +Sigmodon minor 52 Evolution in the Genus Sigmodon 52 I. Dental Evolution from Pliocene to Recent Time - 54 II. Ecological Considerations 63 III. Fossil Material Examined 64 +Pitymys arata , new species 81 Neofiber alleni 88 Erethizon dorsatum 93 +Hydrochoerus 98 Order Carnivora +Arctodus pristinus 98 Spilogale putorius 99 Conepatus sp. 99 Mephitis mephitis 99 Procyon cf. P. lotor 100 +Urocyon minicephalus , new species 101 Canis lupus 102 Felis onca - 109 Felis rufus 121 Order Artiodactyla +Platygonus cumberlandensis 127 +My lohyus sp. 129 +Tanupolama cf. mirifica 142 Odocoileus virginianus 143 Order Perissodactyla +Equus sp. 143 Order Proboscidea +Mammuthus sp. 144 Age and Correlation 153 Affinities of the Coleman IIA Mammals 159 Paleoecology 16 7 Summary and Conclusions 170 Literature Cited 172 Biographical Sketch 184 LIST OF TABLES 1. Measurements (in mm) of lower dentition and mandible of Recent and fossil Blarina brevicauda and Cryptotis parva 10 2. Distance (in mm) from anterior border of canine alveolus to posterior border of Mo alveolus in select fossils and Recent specimens of Myotis 12 3. Measurenents (in mm) of some fossil and living rabbit femora 20 4. Measurements (in mm) of mandibles and poster anial elements of Recent and fossil Sciurus niger and S. carolinensis 26 5. Measurements (in mm) of mandibles of Recent and fossil Glaucomys sabrinus and Glaucomys volans 32 6. Measurements (in mm) of lower dentition and mandible in living and extinct species of Sigmodon 69 7. Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition and mandible of Sigmodon samples from the Vallecito Creek-Fish Creek beds 79 8. Statistical comparison of Sigmodon samples from the Wendell Fox Pasture (WFP) and Rexroad Loc. 3 (R3) deposits 80 9. Mandibular dimensions (in mm) of some Recent and fossil samples of the genera Microtus and Pitymys 91 10. Measurements (in mm) of skunk mandibles 100 11. Measurements (in mm) of fossil and Recent fox skulls 105 12. Measurements (in mm) of upper fourth premolar and upper first molar in fossil and Recent wolves 116 13. Measurements (in mm) of fossil and Recent wolf skulls 118 LIST OF TABLES -continued 14. Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition of some extinct and living cats 124 15. Measurements (in mm) of the lower dentition of fossil and Recent jaguars 126 16. Measurements (in mm) of fossil dental samples of Platygonus 131 17. Tanupolama ("short-limbed" species): measurements (in mm) of metapodials 151 18. Tanupolama ("long- limbed" species); measurements (in mm) of metapodials 152 19. Relationships of Coleman IIA mammals 165 LIST OF FIGURES 1. The major Pleistocene local faunas of Florida 5 2. Scatter diagram relating Dasypus bellus to Dasypus novemcinctus when depth of the movable dermal plates is plotted against width of these plates 15 3. Femora of Lepus alleni (UF 13178; right) and Sylvilagus sp. (UF 13176; left) from Coleman HA 24 4. Scatter diagram relating Glaucomys sabrinus (large circles) to G. volans (small circles) when RA length is plotted against MA length 31 5. Lower teeth of some fossil and Recent cricetid rodents 38 6. A possible phylogeny for the rodent genus Sigmodon 58 7. Correlation of Kansas and Arizona deposits containing members of the medius species group of Sigmodon 60 8. Composite ratio diagram of measurements of the lower dentition and mandible in some members of the Sigmodon medius species group from Kansas and Arizona 62 9. The dentition of Pitymys arata and Equus sp. from the Coleman HA fauna and femora of Lepus alleni and Lepus towns endii 90 10. Upper dentition of fossil porcupine, UF 11774, from Coleman HA 97 LIST OF FIGURES - continued 11. Recent and fossil skulls of foxes 104 12. Skulls of Canis lupus from Coleman HA 111 13. Ventral view of skull of Canis lupus from Coleman HA (UF 11519) - 113 14. Scatter diagram relating Pleistocene and Recent wolves when the length of the P^ (X axis) is plotted against the width of the P^ (Y axis) 115 15. Ratio diagram comparing the lower dentitions of various felines 123 16. Palate and partial skulls of Platygonus cumberlandensis from Coleman HA 17. Scatter diagram relating various samples of fossil Platygonus when length of the M (X axis) is plotted against the width of the M, (Y axis) 141 18. Labial view of the lower dentition and mandible of Tanupolama from Coleman HA (UF 11985) 146 19. Occlusal view of lower dentition and mandible of Tanupolama from Coleman HA (UF 11983) 148 20. Regression analysis relating two species of camels from the Pleistocene of Florida when proximal width of the metapodial (X axis) is plotted against the greatest length of the metapodial (Y axis) 150 21. Replacement of mammals in Florida during the Pleistocene 158 MEASUREMENTS AND ABBREVIATIONS I. Measurements Sciurus and Glaucomys Innominate length - greatest length Innominate width - greatest width with the calipers held perpendicular to the long axis of the innominate Femur length - greatest length Femur width (distal) - distance between the medial and lateral condyles Tibia length - greatest length Tibia width (proximal) - distance between the medial and lateral condyles Humerus length - greatest length Humerus width (proximal) - distance between the greater and lesser tuberosities MA length - mandibular alveolar length RA length - ramus alveolar length; distance from the greatest angle of the posterior border of the ascending ramus to the anterior border of the alveolus of the first lower molar (see Martin, 1967) Cryptotis and Blarina Condyloid to mental foramen - distance from the most posterior projection of the condyloid process to the center of the mental foramen Cryptotis and Blarina - continued of Condyloid to Mi - distance from the most posterior projection the condyloid process to the anterior border of M, Sigmodon occlusal Length M3 - the entire visible length of the tooth in view; not merely the occlusal surface - entire visible width of the teeth in occlusal Width M , M„, M the 3 view; not merely the occlusal surface Canis 4 1 the calipers Width P and M - taken by first placing one edge of flush with the labial border of the paracone and metacone, then bringing the other ediege into contact with the protocone letters (e. g. K - M ) All multiple tooth measures designated by , x 2 first tooth to are measurements taken from the anterior border of the is not measured the posterior border of the second, inclusive; each separately. Measurements were taken with a Helios 7-inch calipers and a Gaertner platform measuring microscope. indicates that it is A cross (+) preceding the name of a taxon extinct. II Abbreviations UT - University of Florida, Florida State Museum (Walter Auffenberg, S. David Webb, Thomas Patton) x . FGS - Florida Geological Survey (Stanley Olsen) FDT - Florida Diving Tours UT or UTMM - University of Texas, Texas Memorial Museum (Ernest Lundelius Jr.) .„ UMMVT - University of Michigan Museum, Vertebrate Paleontology (Claude Hibbard) LACM - Los Angeles County Museum (Theodore Downs, John White) UAVP - University of Arizona, Vertebrate Paleontology (Everett Lindsay) MUVP - Midwestern University, Vertebrate Paleontology (Walter Dalquest) UKMVP - University of Kansas Museum, Vertebrate Paleontology (Theodore Eaton, Orville Bonner) UK - University of Kansas Museum, Natural History (J. Knox Jones, Robert Hoffmann) UCMVP - University of California at Berkeley Museum, Vertebrate Paleontology (Donald Savage) UCMVZ - University of California at Berkeley, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (William Lidicker) AMNH - American Museum of Natural History (Richard Tedford, Malcolm McKenna, Richard Van Gelder, Sydney Anderson, Guy Musser) USNM - United States National Museum (Clayton Ray, Nicholas Hotton, Charles Handley, Henry Setzer, Ronald Pine, John Paradiso) xi .
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