32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 417

PC Magazine® ® Solutions

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 418 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 419

Index Symbols adapters, hardware issues, 28–29 * (asterisk), 291 address book options, Evolution e-mail - (dash character), 221 program, 194 $ (dollar sign), 68, 164 address contacts, Evolution e-mail program, = (equals operator), 177 192 ! (exclamation point), 175 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), 323 > (greater than character), 171–172 addresses, IP # (hash mark), 68, 164, 175, 252 broadcast, 323 . (period character), 415 classes, 322 | (pipe character), 173 default route, 323 dial-up Internet connections, 86–87 A loopback addresses, 323 AbiWord word processing application, 11 MAC (Media Access Control), 323 access control lists (ACLs), 414–415 name resolution, 324, 326–327 account setup native address translation, 323 GAIM messenger program, 200–201 netmasks, 323 instant messaging, 199 number assignment, 76–77 Thunderbird e-mail program, 195 octets, 322 accounts. See also group accounts subnet, 76 deleting, 66 unique, 76 /etc/passwd file, 58–59 Address:0 boot prompt option, 42 GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 209 adduser command, 211–212 KUser User Manager program, 213–214 Adobe Acrobat plug-in, 139 new account creation, 65, 211–214 Advanced category, Firefox Web browser, 187 passwords, 64, 69–72 Advanced Packaging Tool. See APT permissions, setting up, 218–222 antispam features, 196–197, 353 private, 65 AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) service, 199 root, 63 Apache package superuser, 63, 207–208, 342 configuration, 366–367, 372–374 switching between, 68 directories, 371–372 system, 214 DirectoryIndex directive, 372 system-config-users program, 64 DocumentRoot directive, 370 UID (user ID), 58 Group directive, 369 user name information, 67 installation, 365–366 ACLs (access control lists), 414–415 KeepAlive directive, 377 active windows, 124 continued

419 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 420

420 Index

Apache software package (continued) atrm command, 290 KeepAliveTimeout directive, 377 authentication, 304 Listen directive, 368 automation MaxKeepAliveRequests directive, 377 Internet connections, 79–80 performance tuning controls, 376–378 partitioning schemes, 50–53 plug-ins, 24 timed execution, 287–288 Prefork MPM code block, 377–378 ServerAdmin directive, 369 B ServerName directive, 370 B language (Thompson and Ritchie), 4 ServerRoot directive, 367–368 background themes, 158 Timeout directive, 376 User directive, 369 archives, 232–233 apci=off boot prompt option, 42 CDs, 231 apic boot prompt option, 42 commercial products, 245 apm=allow_ints boot prompt option, 42 compression, 232 apm=off boot prompt option, 42 cron command, 238–239 apm=power_off boot prompt option, 42 databases, 248 apm=realmode_ boot prompt option, 42 dedicated software packages, 94 applets, 153 differential, 229 application themes, 149 DVDs, 231 applications, KDE, 126 files and folders, restoring, 241 APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) files, undeleting, 246 deb files ( distribution), 260 full, 229 installing packages with, 262 group account example, 59–60 overview, 14 importance of, 93–94 querying packages with, 264–265 KDat graphical tool, 239–242 removing packages with, 263 media changes, 236–237 setting up for, 261–262 Norton Ghost utility, 247 updating packages with, 262–263 OpenOffice.org documents, 246 archives, backups, 232–233 partial, 229 Arkeia products, 245 partitions, copying entire, 247 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 323 profiles, creating, 241–242 Art section, GNOME desktop themes, 149 reasons for, 30–31 assignment operators, 177 restoration CDs, 31 asterisk (*), 291 REV disks, 231 at command, 287–289 routine, 227–228 atq command, 289 scheduling, 229 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 421

Index 421

security practices, 341 bugmenot extension (Firefox Web browser), tapes, 230–231, 237 139 USB keys, 231 build number, RPM, 250 user preference configuration, 242 burning CDs/DVDs, 243–244 verification, 241 bus devices, PCI Windows environment, 31, 93–94 listing, 273–275 zip disks, 231 scanning, 275–276 Base database application (OpenOffice.org bzip2 command, 233 application), 138 BASH (Bourne-again shell), 162 bash command, 162 C batch command, 293 C language (Thompson), 5 BBC (bootable business card), 21 C shells, 163 Beginning Shell Scripting (Foster-Johnson), cable, patch, 79 180 cachedir directory, 258 Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD), 5 caching, 401 BIOS (basic input/output system), 39–40, 339 Calc spreadsheet (OpenOffice.org application), blocks, space, 94, 280 138 boot process canceling job queues, 290 boot loader programs, 39, 91 captive user interfaces, 161 boot order, setting, 40 carriage returns, 170 boot prompt options, 42–43 cat command, 165, 170 device drivers, loading at boot time, 269 cd command, 169 dual booting, 21–22, 45 CDBurn application, 37 GRUB boot loader, 39, 107–108 cdrecord command, 249, 259 Intel-architecture, 39–40 CD-ROM drives, 263 POST (power-on self-test), 40 CDrWin application, 37 system configuration, 92 CDs bootable business card (BBC), 21 backups, 231 Bourne shell, 162 burning, 243–244 Bourne-again shell (BASH), 162 creating from ISO files, 37–38 broadcast addresses, 323 Linux-based rescue disks, 21 BRU backup product, 245 live, 13, 21–22 BSD (Berkeley Standard Distribution), 5 restoration, 31 buddy lists, GAIM messenger program, cell phones, embedded computing 201–202 distributions, 10 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 422

422 Index

character descriptions, shell programs, 175 destination target, 168–169 chat features, 202–203 df, 270 checksum command, 348 dir, 165 Chinese distributions, 9 echo, 180 CHKDSK utility, 101 exit, 208 chmod command, 175, 222–223 fdisk, 229 chown command, 224 flag, 165 CIFS (Common Internet File Services), 322 gcc, 26 classes, IP addresses, 322 gcj, 26 CLI (command-line interface), 161 get, 262 closed source software, 8 gpasswd, 71 closing windows, 125 grep, 246 CMOS (complementary metal oxide groupadd, 216 semiconductor), 40 gunzip, 234 Codeweavers CrossOver Office Web site, 22 gzip, 233 coldplug, 271 id, 67 color schemes, themes, 158 ifconfig, 332–333 command substitution, 178 inetd, 353 commands ipconfig, 80, 89 adduser, 211–212 less, 171, 173 at, 287–289 lilo, 264–265 atq, 289 locate, 257, 351 atrm, 290 ls, 165, 170, 270 bash, 162 lsof, 351 batch, 293 lspci, 273–275 bzip2, 233 lsusb, 277–278 cat, 165, 170 man, 254, 260 cd, 169 md5sum, 348 cdrecord, 249, 259 modprob, 269 checksum, 348 more, 171, 173 chmod, 175, 222–223 mount, 47, 225 chown, 224 mt, 237 cron, 238–239, 287–288, 290 ncompress, 233 crond, 57 netstat, 350 crontab, 288, 290–293 newgp, 210 date, 178 normal files, 166 default behaviors, 166 partimage, 247 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 423

Index 423

passwd, 69–70 comments, in shell programs, 175–176 ps, 278 commercial backup products, 245 pwd, 169 commercial software, 8 redirection operators, 171–173 Common Internet File Services (CIFS), 322 regex, 415 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE), rm, 208 346 root, 63 compatibility, hardware, 29–30 route, 333–334 compilers, 26 rpm, 344, 348–349 complementary metal oxide semiconductor scanpci, 273, 275–276 (CMOS), 40 sed, 173 compression, backup data, 232 setgid, 225 configuration setuid, 225 Apache software package, 366–367, shell functions, 164–165 372–374 simple command example, 165–166 Dovecot mail delivery agent, 389–390 smbmount, 316 Postfix mail server, 382–383 source target, 168–169 Squid proxy server, 405–409 special files, 167 Windows client machine, 413 su, 68, 208–209 YUM program, 257–259 sudo, 210 Control Center switches, 165 GNOME desktop, 143–144 tar, 232–236 KDE desktop, 156–157 tcsh, 163 control characters, 170 test, 179 costs, Linux advantages, 11 tgz, 180 CPU architecture, RPM, 250 umount, 47–48 cron command, 238–239, 287–288, 290 uname, 268 crond command, 57 update, 260 crontab command, 288, 290–293 up2date, 344 custom installation method, 26–27 urpm, 16 CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), useradd, 211, 216 346 usermod, 217 vmstat, 278 D xinetd, 353 daemons, 57 comma-separated lists, 62, 166 dash character (-), 221 commented-out value, Postfix mail server data retrieval, system logs, 284–286 configuration, 383 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 424

424 Index

databases window behaviors, 124–125 backups, 248 workspaces, switching between, 125 capabilities, Linux advantages, 11 desktops, KDE PostgreSQL, 11 applications, 126 date command, 178 background information, 130 dd boot prompt option, 42 Control Center, 156–157, 156157 Debian distribution default configuration, 126 advantages of, 14 icons, 131–132 deb files, 260 interoperability, 136–137 discussed, 13 on distribution, 127–129 hardware compatibility, 29 Konqueror file manager, 135–136 Social Guidelines page, 14 menus, 133–134 software packages, 14 overview, 125 Web site, 14 panels, 132 decryption, 199 themes, customizing, 157–160 dedicated backup packages, 94 windows behaviors, 133–135 default gateways, 75, 323 destination target, commands, 168–169 default routers, 75, 323 device drivers deleting accounts, 66 defined, 267 dependency issue, RPM, 250 device access, 270 desktops, GNOME loading at boot time, 269 applets, 153 device nodes, 270 Control Center, 143–144 df command, 270 Desktop Background Preferences option, DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 145 77, 89 features, 115 dial-up Internet connections, 86–89 icons, 117 differential backups, 229 interoperability, 136–137 digital signatures, 359–360 launcher, 116, 153–154 digital subscriber line (DSL), 83–86 menus, 118–122 dir command, 165 Nautilus file manager, 122–123 direct Internet connections, 83–86 panel descriptions, 117–118 directives, Apache configuration panel properties, customizing, 155 DirectoryIndex directive, 372 sessions, 114 DocumentRoot, 370 themes, adding new, 147–151 Group, 369 wallpaper options, 145–147 Listen, 368 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 425

Index 425

ServerAdmin, 369 embedded computing, 10 ServerName, 370 geographic/international focus, 9 ServerRoot, 367–368 special-purpose, 21 Timeout, 376 upgrades, security practices, 344–348 User, 369 DNS (domain name service), 77, 324 directories documentation options, SWAT, 307 Apache software package configuration, DocumentRoot Apache configuration 371–372 directive, 370 cachedir, 258 dollar sign ($), 68, 164 /etc, 258 Dovecot mail delivery agent /etc/fstab, 320 configuration, 389–390 /etc/nsswitch.conf, 320 discussed, 388 /etc/resolv.conf, 320 installation, 389 gpgcheck, 320 starting, 391–392 /home, 320 testing, 391–392 print working, 169 downloading /proc/bus, 279–280 installation software, 36 /proc/cpuinfo, 280, 283–284 keys, 359 /proc/devices, 280–281 Downloads category, Firefox Web browser, 187 /proc/meminfo, 281–282 Draw program (OpenOffice.org application), /proc/pci, 282–283 138 /proc/version, 282 driverdisk boot prompt option, 42 retries, 282 DSL (digital subscriber line), 83–86 skeleton, 212–213 dual booting, 21–22, 45 /srv, 228 DVDs /var, 228 backups, 231 /var/log/messages, 284–285 burning, 243–244 DirectoryIndex Apache configuration Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), directive, 372 77, 89 display=IP_ boot prompt option, 42 dynamic versus manual network settings, 77 Distribution Watch Web site, 9, 13 distributions E availability, 9 Easy CD application, 37 BSD (Berkeley Standard Distribution), 5 easy-to-use system capabilities, defined, 3–4, 8 distributions, 10 easy-to-use system capabilities, 10 eavesdropping, security threats, 338 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 426

426 Index

echo command, 180 /etc directory, backups, 228 effective user ID (EUID), 225 /etc/fstab directory, 320 EGID (effective group ID), 225 /etc/group file, 60–61 else statement, 178–179 /etc/nsswitch.conf directory, 325 e-mail. See also Postfix mail server /etc/passwd file, 58–59, 70 address exposure, security practices, 354 /etc/resolv.conf directory, 325 Dovecot mail delivery agent, 388–392 Ethernet information, networking, 324 encryption information, 190, 197–200 EUID (effective user ID), 225 Evolution program, 141, 190–193 Evolution e-mail program functionality, 379–380 address book options, 194 junk mail, 196–197 address contacts, 192 KMail program, 141, 393 discussed, 141 MDAs (mail delivery agents), 380 identity information, 191 MSAs (mail submission agents), 379 incoming mail configuration, 192 MTAs (mail transport agents), 379–380 mail, sending/replying, 192–194 MX (mail exchange) record, 381 outgoing mail configuration, 192 name information, 190 PDA synchronization, 190 passwords, 190 server type selection, 191–192 Pine text-based e-mail program, 192 starting, 191 server address information, 190 time zone selection, 192 server type information, 190 Welcome screen, 191 spam filters, 196–197 exclamation point (!), 175 SquirrelMail program, 394–396 executable files, security practices, 342 Thunderbird program, 141, 194–195 execute permission, 218–219 usernames, 190 exit command, 208 Web mail programs, 394–395 embedded computing distributions, 10 F encryption FAT32 partition, 99 decryption, 199 fdisk command, 229 digital signatures, 359–360 Fedora Core distribution e-mail setup, 190 advantages of, 15 GnuPG, 197–199 hardware compatibility, 30 key pairs, creating and distributing, 197–198 partitioning schemes, 51–53 public key, 197–198 Web site, 14 security practices, 343 file managers WEP (Wireless Encryption Protocol), 89 Konqueror, 135–136, 314 equals operator (=), 177 Nautilus, 122–123, 315 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 427

Index 427

file permissions flash memory, USB devices, 17 advanced setup, 220–221 flow control, shell programs, 178–180 changing, 222–223 folders, restoring, 241 execute, 218–219 font options, 158 granting, 222–223 formatting tapes, 240 limiting, 222 Foster-Johnson, Eric (Beginning Shell ownership, changing, 224–225 Scripting), 180 read, 218–219 fragmentation, 94–96 security practices, 342 free software status, 221 commercial software, 8 write, 218–219 Linux advantages, 10 file sharing FreeBSD distribution, 5 Linux-to-Linux, 316–320 Frozen Tech Web site, 21 Linux-to-Windows, 295–299 FSF (Free Software Foundation) file systems Stallman, Richard (founder), 6 blocks, 94, 280 Web site, 8 GFS (Global File System), 17 full backups, 229 RAM disk, 13 file type display, 170 G files GAIM messenger program appending, 236 account setup, 200–201 deleting, 235 buddy lists, 201–202 extracting, 234 chat features, 202–203 refreshing and replacing, 235 protocol support, 199 restoring, 241 gateways undeleting, 246 default, 75–76 fingerprints, key creation, 357 home, embedded computing Firefox Web browser distributions, 10 configuration options, 186–189 gcc command, 26 discussed, 183 GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), 6 greasemonkey extension, 139 gcj command, 26 installation, 184 General configuration option, Firefox Web overview, 139–140, 412 browser, 186 running, 184–185 Gentoo distribution, 9 tabbed browsing, 185 geographic/international focused firewalls, security practices, 339–341 distributions, 9 flags, commands, 165 get command, 262 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 428

428 Index

GFS (Global File System), 17 GPL (GNU General Public License), 6 GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program), 11, granting permissions, 222–223 16 graphical environments global parameters, SWAT, 308–309 custom installation method, 26–27 global settings configuration, SAMBA server, hardware issues, 28 303 personal desktop installation method, GNOME (GNU Object-Model Environment) 25–26 desktop special-purpose distributions, 21 applets, 153 graphical method, NFS server setup, 317–318 Control Center, 143–144 graphical tools Desktop Background Preferences, 145 group account creation, 216–218 features, 115 KDat, 239–242 icons, 117 SAMBA server configuration, 297 interoperability, 136–137 system-config-network, 327–328 launcher, 116, 153–154 user account creation, 213–214 menus, 118–122 YaST (Yet another System Tool), 329–330 Nautilus file manager, 122–123 graphical user interfaces (GUIs), 209 panel descriptions, 117–118 greasemonkey extension (Firefox Web panel properties, customizing, 155 browser), 139 sessions, 114 greater than character (>), 171–172 themes, adding new, 147–151 grep command, 246 wallpaper options, 145–147 group accounts window behaviors, 124–125 assigning users to, 217–218 workspaces, switching between, 125 creating, 216–217 GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), 6 /etc/group file, 60–61 GNU General Public License (GPL), 6 passwords, 62, 71 GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), 11, switching groups, 210 16 system backup example, 59–60 GNU Object-Model Environment. See GNOME users, comma-separated list of, 62 desktop Group Apache configuration directive, 369 GnuPG encryption, 197–199 groupadd command, 216 GnuPNG (GNU Privacy Guard) program, GRUB boot loader program, 39, 107–108 354–358 Gterm terminal emulation program, 163 good password selection, 71–72 GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 209 gpasswd command, 71 gunzip command, 234 gpgcheck directory, 258 gzip command, 233 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 429

Index 429

H IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol), 190 hard disks, hardware issues, 28 Impress application (OpenOffice.org hardware application), 138 compatibility lists, 29–30 inactive windows, 124 hardware checks, 27–29 incoming mail configuration, Evolution e-mail support options, 11 program, 192 hash mark (#), 68, 164, 175, 252 inetd command, 353 process, inet_interfaces parameter, 385 partitioning, 45 input redirection operator, 172–173 /home directory, backups, 228 installation home gateways, embedded computing Apache software package, 365–366 distributions, 10 boot prompt, 41 hot objects, 406 custom method, 26–27 hotplugging, 271 Dovecot mail delivery agent, 389 HURD kernel, 6–7 Firefox Web browser, 184 ISO file creation, 38–39 I methods of, 23–24 icons packages with APT, 262 GNOME desktop, 117 personal desktop method, 25–26 KDE desktop, 131–132 Postfix mail server software, 381 themes, 149 RPM package, 251 id command, 67 SAMBA server software, 296 ide=nodma boot prompt option, 42 server method, 24–25 identity information, Evolution e-mail program, software, downloading, 36 191 Squid proxy server, 403–404 IDEs (integrated development environments), system option settings, 41–44 26, 46 Thunderbird e-mail program, 194 if statement, 178–179 workstation method, 26 ifconfig command, 332–333 instant messaging. See IM if-then constructs, 161 integrated development environments (IDEs), IM (instant messaging) 26, 46 account setup, 199 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 85 AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) service, 199 Intel-architecture boot process, 39–40 buddy lists, 201–202 Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP), 190 chat features, 202–203 international focused distributions, 9 GAIM messenger program, 199–203 International Standards Organization (ISO) files. See ISO files 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 430

430 Index

Internet connections IPP (Internet Printing Protocol), 351 automatic, 79–80 isa boot prompt option, 42 dial-up, 86–89 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 85 direct, 83–86 ISO (International Standards Organization) DSL connection, 83–85 files LAN (local area network) connections, contents, 36 78–79 creating CDs from, 37–38 manual, 80–82 creating, for Linux installation, 38–39 static network configuration, 80–82 ISO Recorder application, 37–38 wireless, 89 ISP (Internet service provider), 321 Internet Explorer Web browser, 412–413 Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), 351 J Internet service provider (ISP), 321 JBoss commercial package, 25 InterNIC (Internet Network Information junk mail, e-mail programs, 196–197 Center), 76 interoperability K GNOME desktop, 136–137 kbd-reset boot prompt option, 42 KDE desktop, 136–137 KDat graphical tool Linux advantages, 11 backup verification, 241 interpreted languages, shell programs, 174 discussed, 239 in-transit objects, 406 files and folders, restoring, 241 IP addresses tape formats, 240 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 323 user preference configuration, 241–242 broadcast addresses, 323 KDE (K Desktop Environment) classes, 322 applications, 126 default route, 323 background information, 130 dial-up Internet connections, 86–87 Control Center, 156157 loopback addresses, 323 default configuration, 126 MAC (Media Access Control), 323 icons, 131–132 name resolution, 324, 326–327 interoperability, 136–137 native address translation, 323 on Knoppix distribution, 127–129 netmasks, 323 Konqueror file manager, 135–136 number assignment, 76–77 menus, 133–134 octets, 322 overview, 125 subnet, 76 panels, 132 unique, 76 themes, customizing, 157–160 ipconfig command, 80, 89 window behavior, 135 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 431

Index 431

kernel Linux distributions. See distributions defined, 3, 161 Linux evolution, 4–8 HURD, 6–7 Linux kernel. See kernel loadable kernel modules, 267 Linux-based rescue disks, 21 key pairs, 197–198 LinuxHardware Web site, 231 keys LinuxSecurity Web site, 362 creating, 355–357 Linux-to-Linux file sharing, 316–320 digital signatures and encryption, 359–360 Linux-to-Windows file sharing, 295–299 downloading/uploading, 359 Listen Apache configuration directive, 368 fingerprints, 357 lists, comma-separated, 62, 166 public key encryption, 197–198 live CDs, 13, 21–22 revoking, 358–359 loadable kernel modules, 267 signing, 360–361 local area network (LAN), 78–79, 321 web of trust, 357–358 locate command, 257, 351 KMail e-mail program, 141, 393 logging out, security practices, 342 Knoppix distribution logical operators, 180 advantages of, 15 logical versus physical partitions, 48 KDE on, 127–129 logical management (LVM), 54–55 Web site, 15 login manager themes, 149 Konqueror file manager, 135–136, 314 lookup order, system-level information, 325 Konsole terminal emulation program, 163 loopback addresses, 323 Korn shell (ksh), 162–163 lowres boot prompt option, 42 Kterm terminal emulation program, 163 ls command, 165, 170, 270 K3b CD/DVD burner program, 243–244 lsof command, 351 KUser User Manager program, 213–214 lspci command, 273–275 Kwrite word processing application, 11 lsusb command, 277–278 LVM (logical volume management), 54–55 L LAN (local area network), 78–79, 321 M laptops, special-purpose distributions, 21 MAC (Media Access Control), 323 launcher, GNOME desktop, 116, 153–154 MacDonald, Peter (SLS distribution), 9 Legato Network backup product, 245 Macintosh clients, 316, 414 less command, 171, 173 Macromedia Flash plug-in, 139 LGPL (Lesser GNU Public License), 6 mail delivery agents (MDAs), 380 LILO boot loader program, 39 mail exchange (MX), 381 lilo command, 264–265 mail submission agents (MSAs), 379 Linux advantages, 10–12 mail transport agents (MTAs), 379–380 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 432

432 Index

malware, 338 MTAs (mail transport agents), 379–380 man command, 254, 260 Multics research and Mandriva Control Center (MCC), 16 development project, 4 Mandriva distribution multiprocessing, Linux advantages, 10 advantages of, 16 multiuser support, Linux advantages, 10 Web site, 9, 16 MX (mail exchange), 381 manual Internet connections, 80–82 mydestination parameter, 385–386 manual versus dynamic network settings, 77 mydomain parameter, 384 Math editor (OpenOffice.org application), 138 myhostname parameter, 383–384 mathematical algorithms, key creation, 357 myorigin parameter, 385 maximizing windows, 125 MySQL database, 11 MCC (Mandriva Control Center), 16 MDAs (mail delivery agents), 380 N md5sum command, 348 name information, e-mail setup, 190 Media Access Control (MAC), 323 name resolution, IP addresses, 324, 326–327 media changes, backups, 236–237 name service switch, 325 mem=numberM boot prompt option, 43 NAS (Network Attached Storage), 232 memory, RAM National Security Agency (NSA), 340 disk file system, 13 National Vulnerability Database Web site, 346 hardware issues, 28 native address translation, 323 swap space, 50 Nautilus file manager, 122–123, 315 menus ncompress command, 233 GNOME desktop, 118–122 negative-cached objects, 406 KDE desktop, 133–134 Nero application, 37 MEPIS distribution, 24 NetBSD distribution, 5 minimizing windows, 125 netmask, 319, 323 modprobe command, 269 netstat command, 350 more command, 171, 173 network adapters, hardware issues, 28–29 mount command, 47, 225 network interface card (NIC), 79, 83, 322 mount points networks discussed, 316 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration physical media versus, 46–47 Protocol), 77, 89 unmounting, 47–48 DNS settings, 77 mounting tapes, 239 Ethernet information, 324 moving windows, 125 gateways, 75–76 MSAs (mail submission agents), 379 IP addresses, 76–77 mt command, 237 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 433

Index 433

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital OpenOffice Writer word processing Network), 85 application, 11 manual versus dynamic settings, 77 OpenOffice.org application routers, 75–76 documents, backups, 246 static network configuration, 80–82 features, 138 newgrp command, 210 Web site, 137 newsgroups, Thunderbird e-mail program, 194 operators NFS server, setting up assignment, 177 client setup, 319 command substitution, 178 discussed, 316 logical, 180 graphical method, 317–318 redirection, 171–173 system-config-nfs utility, 317 outgoing mail configuration, Evolution e-mail text mode method, 318–319 program, 192 NIC (network interface card), 79, 83, 322 output redirection operator, 171–173 NLD (Novell Linux Desktop), 18 ownership nmi_watchdog=1 boot prompt option, 43 permissions, 224–225 noapic boot prompt option, 43 security practices, 342 noathlon boot prompt option, 43 nonprinting characters, 170 P noprobe boot prompt option, 43 packages, RPM normal files, commands, 166 installation, 251 Norton Ghost utility, 247 suffix, 250 noshell boot prompt option, 43 verification, 253–254 nousb boot prompt option, 43 pagefiles, 50 nousbstorage boot prompt option, 43 panels Novell Linux Desktop (NLD), 18 GNOME desktop, 117–118, 155 NSA (National Security Agency), 340 KDE desktop, 132 NTFS partition, 99 partial backups, 229 number assignment, IP addresses, 76–77 partimage command, 247 numeric identifiers, user account creation, 212 partitioning automatic schemes, 50–53 O CHKDSK utility, 101 octets, IP addresses, 322 copying entire partitions, 247 OES (Open Enterprise Server), 18 FAT32, 99 open source project, 6, 21 hierarchical file system process, 45 open source software, security practices, 344 logical versus physical, 48 OpenBSD distribution, 5 continued 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 434

434 Index

partitioning (continued) execute, 218–219 LVM (logical volume management), 54–55 granting, 222–223 mount points, 46–48 limiting, 222 new partitions, installing Linux on, 102–106 ownership, changing, 224–225 NTFS partition, 99 read, 218–219 QT partition editor, 97–101 security practices, 342 removing, 51–52 status, 221 repartitioning, 93–95 write, 218–219 single-user workstations, 45 personal desktop installation method, 25–26 space requirements, 49–50 personal digital assistant (PDA), Evolution swap space, 50 e-mail program and, 190 passphrase, key creation, 356 PHP Web programming language, 395 passwd command, 69–70 physical media versus mount points, 46–47 passwords physical versus logical partitions, 48 bad choices, 72 Pine text-based e-mail program, 192 changing, 69–70 pipe character (|), 173 e-mail setup, 190 plug-ins /etc/passwd file, 58–59, 70 Adobe Acrobat, 139 good choices, 71–72 Apache software package, 24 group, 62, 71 Macromedia Flash, 139 regular changes to, 73 RealAudio, 139 root, 70–71 server installation method, 24–25 security practices, 339 Point to Point Protocol (PPP), 321 user accounts, 64 Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE), patch cable, 79 84, 321 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection) Polish distributions, 9 bus devices POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3), 190 listing, 273–275 porting, 4 scanning, 275–276 POST (power-on self-test), 40 PDA (personal digital assistant), Evolution Postfix mail server. See also e-mail e-mail program and, 190 commented-out value, 383 performance tuning, Squid proxy server, 410 configuration, 382–383 period character (.), 415 inet_interfaces parameter, 385 permanent access, NFS client setup, 319–320 mydestination parameter, 385–386 permissions mydomain parameter, 384 advanced setup, 220–221 myhostname parameter, 383–384 changing, 222–223 myorigin parameter, 384–385 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 435

Index 435

software installation, 381 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ starting, 386 Internet Protocol), 321, 323 testing, 387–388 UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 350 PostgreSQL database, 11 VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), 20 power_off boot prompt option, 42 WEP (Wireless Encryption Protocol), 89 power-on self-test (POST), 40 proxy server setup types, 401–403. See also PPP (Point to Point Protocol), 321 Squid proxy server PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet), ps command, 278 84, 321 public key encryption, 197–198 Prefork MPM code block, Apache software Puppy package, 377–378 USB flash memory distribution, 17 Pricewatch Web site, 231 Web site, 16 print working directory, 169 pwd command, 169 Privacy configuration option, Firefox Web browser, 186 Q private accounts, 65 QT partition editor, 97–101 private keys, web of trust, 357–358 queries, RPM package, 254–256 /proc file system, 278–279 queues /proc/bus directory, 279–280 jobs, canceling, 290 /proc/cpuinfo directory, 280, 283–284 viewing, 289–290 /proc/devices directory, 280–281 processors, hardware issues, 28 R /proc/meminfo directory, 281–282 RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks), /proc/pci directory, 282–283 231 /proc/version directory, 282 RAM memory programming errors, security threats, 337–338 disk file system, 13 protocols hardware issues, 28 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), 323 swap space, 50 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration random numbers, key creation, 357 Protocol), 77, 89 read permission, 218–219 IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol), RealAudio plug-in, 139 190 reboot=b boot prompt option, 43 IPP (Internet Printing Protocol), 351 Red Hat distribution POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3), 190 development of, 17 PPP (Point to Point Protocol), 321 hardware compatibility, 30 PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over support options, 17 Ethernet), 84, 321 Web site, 17 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 436

436 Index

Red Hat Package Manager. See RPM queries, 254–256 redirection operators upgrades, 252 input, 172–173 version-numbering conventions, 250 output, 171–173 RSS feeds, Thunderbird e-mail program, 194 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), Russian distributions, 9 231 refreshed files, 235 S regex command, 415 SAMBA server regular expressions, 415 configuration files, manual editing, 301–303 repartitioning, 93–95 discussed, 295 resizing windows, 125 global settings configuration, 303 resolution= boot prompt option, 43 graphical configuration tools, 297 resources, security, 361–362 Macintosh clients, setting up, 316 restoration CDs, 31 shared settings configuration, 303–304 retries directory, 258 software installation, 296 REV disks, backups, 231 system-config-samba utility, 298, revoking keys, 358–359 300–302 Ritchie, Dennis (B language), 5 system-config-services utility, 300 rm command, 208 users, adding, 299 root command, 63 Web site, 296 root name servers, 326 Windows clients, setting up, 311–313 root passwords, 70–71 SAMBA Web Administration Tool. See SWAT root shell, 133 scanning PCI bus devices, 275–276 root=/dev/device boot prompt option, 43 scanpci command, 273, 275–276 route command, 333–334 scheduling routers, 75–76 automation and timed execution, 287–288 routine backups, 227–228 backups, 229 rpm command, 344, 348–349 screensavers, 158, 342 RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) scripts, 174 build number, 250 Secure Shell (SSH), 342 CPU architecture, 250 Secure Socket Layer (SSL), 190, 343 dependency issue, 250 security discussed, 14, 249 backups, 30–31, 341 package installation, 251 BIOS password option, 339 package suffix, 250 CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and package verification, 253–254 Exposures), 346 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 437

Index 437

distribution upgrades, 344–348 ServerName Apache configuration directive, eavesdropping, 338 370 e-mail address exposure, 354 ServerRoot Apache configuration directive, encryption, 343 367–368 executable files, 342 sessions, GNOME, 114 firewalls, 339–341 setgid command, 225 GnuPNG (GNU Privacy Guard) program, setuid command, 225 354–358 shared files logging out, 342 Linux-to-Linux, 316–320 malware, 338 Linux-to-Windows, 295–299 NSA (National Security Agency), 340 shared settings configuration, SAMBA server, open source software, 344 303–304 password choices, 72–73 shell programs permissions and ownership, 342 character descriptions, 175 resources, 361–362 comments, 175–176 screensavers, 342 execute permission, 175 social engineering, 338 flow control, 178–180 source installation, 344 interpreted languages, 174 superuser accounts, 342 simple program example, 176–177 tampering checks, 348–349 text files, 175 threats, 337–338 variable assignments, 177–178 TLS (Transport Layer Security), 190, 343 shells trojans, 338 Bourne, 162 trusted interface, 340 Bourne-again, 162 unneeded services, deactivating, 352–353 C, 163 unneeded services, uninstalling, 350–352 command functions, 164–165 viruses, 11 defined, 161 worms, 338 Korn, 162–163 Security Focus Web site, 362 shell prompt, 164 sed command, 173 signing keys, 360–361 SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux), 340 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 190 server address information, e-mail setup, 190 single-user workstations, partitioning, 45 server installation method, 24–25 sites. See Web sites server status, SWAT, 310 skeleton directory, user account creation, server type information, e-mail setup, 190–192 212–213 ServerAdmin Apache configuration skipddc boot prompt option, 43 directive, 369 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 438

438 Index

Slackware distribution Macintosh configuration, 414 advantages of, 19 negative-cached objects, 406 Volkerding, Patrick, 9, 18 performance tuning, 410 Web site, 17 Web browser configuration, 411–413 SLES (SUSE Enterprise Linux Server), 18 SquirrelMail mailing program, 394–396 SLS (Softlanding Linux System) distribution /srv directory, backups, 228 (MacDonald), 9 SSH (Secure Shell), 342 small office, home office (SOHO), 321 SSL (Secure Socket Layer), 190, 343 SMB (System Message Block), 295 Stallman, Richard (FSF founder), 6 smbmount command, 316 standalone applications, 21–22 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 190 static network configuration, 80–82 social engineering, security threats, 338 Storix Backup Administrator backup product, Social Guidelines page, Debian distribution, 14 245 Softlanding Linux System (SLS) distribution su command, 68, 208–209 (MacDonald), 9 subnet addresses, 76 software installation, SAMBA server, 296 sudo command, 210 software packages superuser accounts, 63, 207–208, 342 Debian distribution, 14 support YUM program, 259–260 GAIM messenger program, 199 SOHO (small office, home office), 321 hardware, 11 sound cards, hardware issues, 28 Linux advantages, 11–12 source installation, security practices, 344 Red Hat distribution, 17 source target, commands, 168–169 Xandros distribution, 20 space requirements, partitioning, 49–50 SUSE distribution spam advantages of, 18–19 filters, 196–197, 353 hardware compatibility, 30 security threats, 338 SUSE Enterprise Linux Server (SLES), 18 SpamAssassin program, 397–398 swap space, 50 special-purpose distributions, 21 SWAT (SAMBA Web Administration Tool) splash screen themes, 149 advantages/disadvantages, 305 Squid proxy server documentation options, 307 ACLs (access control lists), 414–415 global parameters, 308–309 configuration, 405–409 server status, 310 general network settings, 413–414 setup process, 305–307 hot objects, 406 switches, commands, 165 installation, 403–404 switching between accounts, 68 in-transit objects, 406 SymphonyOS distribution, 24 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 439

Index 439

/sys file system, 278–279 test command, 179 system accounts, 214 testing system configuration, boot process, 92 Dovecot mail delivery agent, 391–392 system logs, data retrieval, 284–286 Postfix mail server, 387–388 System Message Block (SMB), 295 text boot prompt option, 43 system option settings, installation process, text files, shell programs, 175 41–44 text mode system-config-network utility, 327–328 group account creation, 216–217 system-config-nfs utility, 317 NFS server setup, 318–319 system-config-samba utility, 298, 300–302 user account creation, 211–212 system-config-services utility, 300 tgz command, 180 system-config-users utility, 64 themes system-level information, lookup order, 325 application, 149 background, 158 T color schemes, 158 tabbed browsing, Firefox Web browser, 185 GNOME desktop customization, 147–151 tampering checks, security practices, 348–349 icon, 149 tapes KDE desktop customization, 157–160 backups, 230–231, 237 login manager, 149 formatting, 240 splash screen, 149 mounting, 239 window border, 149 unmounting, 240 then statement, 179 tar command Thompson, Ken archives, creating, 232 B language, 4 bzip2 command and, 233 C language, 5 file contents, listing, 233–234 threats, security, 337–338 files, appending, 236 Thunderbird e-mail program files, deleting, 235 account setup, 195 files, extracting, 234 discussed, 141 files, refreshing and replacing, 235 installation, 194 gzip command and, 233 newsgroups, 194 ncompress command and, 233 RSS feeds, 194 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet time stamps, 170 Protocol), 321, 323 time zone selection, Evolution e-mail program, tcsh command, 163 192 temporary access, NFS client setup, 319 timed and automation execution, 287–288 terminal emulation programs, 163–164 Timeout Apache configuration directive, 376 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 440

440 Index

TiVO digital video recorder, embedded User Apache configuration directive, 369 computing distributions, 10 User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 350 TLS (Transport Layer Security), 190, 343 user ID (UID), 58 Tomcat commercial package, 25 user name information, account creation, 67 Torvalds, Linus (Linux development), 7 user preference configuration, backups, 242 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet useradd command, 211–212, 216 Protocol (TCP/IP), 321, 323 user-based authentication, 304 trojans, security threats, 338 usermod command, 217 trusted interface, 340 usernames, e-mail, 190 TurboLinux distribution, 9 users, adding to SAMBA server, 299

U V Ubuntu distribution /var directory, backups, 228 advantages of, 19 /var/log/messages directory, 284–285 hardware compatibility, 30 verification Web site, 9, 19 backups, 241 UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 350 RPM package, 253–254 UID (user ID), 58 version-numbering conventions, RPM, 250 umount command, 47–48 video hardware issues, 28 uname command, 268 virtual domains, 367 UniBACK backup product, 245 viruses, 11, 338 unique IP addresses, 76 vmstat command, 278 Unix development, 4–6 VMWare Web site, 22 unmounting tapes, 240 VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), 20 update command, 260 Volkerding, Patrick (Slackware distribution), updates, packages, 262 9, 18 upgrades RPM, 252 W security practices, 344–348 wallpaper options, GNOME desktop uploading keys, 359 customization, 145–147 up2date command, 344 WAN (wide area network), 322 urpm command, 16 Web browsers. See also Firefox Web browser USB devices Internet Explorer, 412–413 activating, listing and locating, 277–278 Squid proxy client configuration, 411–413 flash memory, 17 Web Features configuration option, Firefox keys, backups, 231 Web browser, 187 user accounts. See accounts Web mail programs, 394–395 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 441

Index 441

web of trust, private keys, 357–358 window managers, 114 Web sites windows behaviors Codeweavers CrossOver Office, 22 border themes, 149 Debian, 14 GNOME desktop, 124–125 Distribution Watch, 9, 13 KDE desktop, 133–134 Fedora Core, 14 Windows client machine configuration, 413 Frozen Tech, 21 Windows environment FSF, 8 backups, 31, 93–94 Knoppix, 15 clients, setting up, 311–313 LinuxHardware, 231 hardware checks, 29 LinuxSecurity, 362 Linux-to-Windows file sharing, 295–299 Mandriva, 9 WINE open source project, 21 National Vulnerability Database, 346 Win4Lin Web site, 22 OpenOffice.org, 137 WinOnCD application, 37 PriceWatch, 231 Wireless Encryption Protocol (WEP), 89 Puppy Linux distribution, 16 wireless Internet connections, 89 Red Hat, 17 word processing applications, 11 SAMBA, 296 workspaces, switching, 125 Security Focus, 362 workstations Slackware, 17 defined, 5 Ubuntu, 9, 19 installation method, 26 VMWare, 22 single-user, partitioning, 45 Win4Lin, 22 worms, security threats, 338 Xandros, 19 write permission, 218–219 X.Org consortium, 114 Writer application (OpenOffice.org Yellow Dog distribution, 9 application), 138 webdeveloper extension (Firefox Web browser), 139 X WebLogic commercial package, 25 X clients, 114 WebSphere commercial package, 25 X server, 114 Welcome screen (Evolution e-mail program), X Window System graphic interface, 113–114 191 Xandros distribution WEP (Wireless Encryption Protocol), 89 support options, 20 white lists, proxy servers, 401 Web site, 19 wide area network (WAN), 322 xinetd command, 353 widgets, 158 X.Org consortium Web site, 114 WidthxHeight boot prompt option, 43 Xterm terminal emulation program, 163 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 442

442 Index

Y YUM program YaST (Yet another System Tool), 18, 329–330 configuration, 257–259 Yellow Dog distribution running, 259–260 advantages of, 20 software package installation, 259–260 Web site, 9 Z zip disks, backups, 231 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 443 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 444 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 445 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 446 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 447 32_777692 bindex.qxp 3/8/06 8:16 PM Page 448