ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N4050 Date
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Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc22/Wg20 N809r
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG20 N809R 2001-01-09 Internationalization International Organization for Standardization Organisation internationale de normalisation еждународнаяорганизацияпостандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Ordering the Runic script Source: Michael Everson Status: Expert Contribution Date: 2001-01-09 On 2000-12-24 Olle Järnefors published on behalf of the ISORUNES Project in Sweden a proposal for ordering the Runes in the Common Tailorable Template (CTT) of ISO/IEC 14651. In my view this ordering is unsuitable for the CTT for a number of reasons. Runic ordering in ISO/IEC 10646. The Runes are encoded at U+16A0–U+16FF, in a unified set of characters encompassing the four major traditions of Runic use: Germanic, Anglo-Frisian, Danish, and Swedish-Norwegian, and Medieval. The Runes are arranged in the code table agreed by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 in an order based on the the traditional positions of the Runes in abecedaries, namely, the fuþark order. This order is known from hundreds of primary sources which list the Runes in sequence, often with no other text. Most scholarly texts refer to the fuþark in one way or another. Nearly all secondary texts, whether popular introductions to the Runes or New-Age esoterica, give primacy to the traditional fuþark sequence. Runic names in ISO/IEC 10646. The names given to the Runes in the UCS may be a bit clumsy, but they are intended to serve the needs of scholars and amateurs alike; not everyone is familiar with Runic transliteration practices, and not everyone is conversant with the traditional names in Germanic, English, and Scandinavian usage. -
The Origins, Evolution and Decline of the Khojki Script
The origins, evolution and decline of the Khojki script Juan Bruce The origins, evolution and decline of the Khojki script Juan Bruce Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Typeface Design, University of Reading, 2015. 5 Abstract The Khojki script is an Indian script whose origins are in Sindh (now southern Pakistan), a region that has witnessed the conflict between Islam and Hinduism for more than 1,200 years. After the gradual occupation of the region by Muslims from the 8th century onwards, the region underwent significant cultural changes. This dissertation reviews the history of the script and the different uses that it took on among the Khoja people since Muslim missionaries began their activities in Sindh communities in the 14th century. It questions the origins of the Khojas and exposes the impact that their transition from a Hindu merchant caste to a broader Muslim community had on the development of the script. During this process of transformation, a rich and complex creed, known as Satpanth, resulted from the blend of these cultures. The study also considers the roots of the Khojki writing system, especially the modernization that the script went through in order to suit more sophisticated means of expression. As a result, through recording the religious Satpanth literature, Khojki evolved and left behind its mercantile features, insufficient for this purpose. Through comparative analysis of printed Khojki texts, this dissertation examines the use of the script in Bombay at the beginning of the 20th century in the shape of Khoja Ismaili literature. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Sogdian Letter Fragments in Manichaean Script
ADAM BENKATO TURFANFORSCHUNG, BERLIN-BRANDENBURGISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN SOGDIAN LETTER FRAGMENTS IN MANICHAEAN SCRIPT SUMMARY A number of Sogdian letter fragments are preserved from the Manichaean communities in Turfan. Although the majority are written in the Sogdian script, a small number are written in a cursive variety of the Manichaean script found only in these texts. Their edition and study provides a brief glimpse into the dynamics of the community. Furthermore, the first paleographic analysis of Manichaean cursive is undertaken. Keywords: Manichaeism; Sogdian; epistolary texts; palaeography. RÉSUMÉ Un certain nombre de fragments de lettres en sogdien émanant des communautés mani- chéennes de Turfan ont été conservées jusqu’à nous. Bien que la plupart d’entre eux soient en graphie sogdienne, quelques fragments sont dans une variété cursive de l’écri- ture manichéenne que l’on ne trouve que dans ces textes. L’édition et l’étude de ces frag- ments donne un aperçu des dynamiques de la communauté manichéenne. Au-delà, cet article propose également la première analyse paléographique de l’écriture cursive manichéenne. Mots clés : manichéisme ; sogdien ; textes épistolaires ; paléographie. * * * In addition to the different genres of Manichaean literature in Middle Iranian languages, such as canonical and ritual texts, sermons, and parables, to name but a few, a number of letters in Sogdian are also known to exist. These texts, for the most part fragmentary, seem to have been sent between various locales in the Manichaean communities of Turfan and contain information about contemporary events. There are both official letters, written on scrolls containing illuminations (such as the Bezeklik letters), and “private” letters, seemingly written for more informal business between members of the community. -
WG2 M52 Minutes
ISO.IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N____ ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N3603 2009-07-08 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - ISO/IEC 10646 Secretariat: ANSI DOC TYPE: Meeting Minutes TITLE: Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54 Room S206/S209, Dublin Centre University, Dublin, Ireland 2009-04-20/24 SOURCE: V.S. Umamaheswaran, Recording Secretary, and Mike Ksar, Convener PROJECT: JTC 1.02.18 – ISO/IEC 10646 STATUS: SC 2/WG 2 participants are requested to review the attached unconfirmed minutes, act on appropriate noted action items, and to send any comments or corrections to the convener as soon as possible but no later than the Due Date below. ACTION ID: ACT DUE DATE: 2009-10-12 DISTRIBUTION: SC 2/WG 2 members and Liaison organizations MEDIUM: Acrobat PDF file NO. OF PAGES: 60 (including cover sheet) Michael Y. Ksar Convener – ISO/IEC/JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 22680 Alcalde Rd Phone: +1 408 255-1217 Cupertino, CA 95014 Email: [email protected] U.S.A. ISO International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N____ ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 N3603 2009-07-08 Title: Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54 Room S206/S209, Dublin Centre University, Dublin, Ireland; 2009-04-20/24 Source: V.S. Umamaheswaran ([email protected]), Recording Secretary Mike Ksar ([email protected]), Convener Action: WG 2 members and Liaison organizations Distribution: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 members and liaison organizations 1 Opening Input document: 3573 2nd Call Meeting # 54 in Dublin; Mike Ksar; 2009-02-16 Mr. -
N3596 Proposal to Encode the Khojki Script in ISO/IEC 10646
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3596 L2/09-101 2009-03-25 Proposal to Encode the Khojki Script in ISO/IEC 10646 Anshuman Pandey University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. [email protected] March 25, 2009 Contents Proposal Summary Form i 1 Introduction 1 2 Background 1 3 Characters Proposed 5 3.1 Character Set . 5 3.2 Basis for Character Set and Glyph Shapes . 6 3.3 Characters Not Proposed . 8 4 The Writing System 10 4.1 General Features . 10 4.2 Inadequacies of the Script . 10 4.3 Supression of Inherent Vowel . 11 4.4 Consonant-Vowel Ligatures . 11 4.5 Consonant Conjuncts . 12 4.6 Nasalization . 13 4.7 Consonant Gemination . 13 4.8 Creation of New Characters . 13 4.9 Punctuation . 14 4.10 Abbreviations . 15 4.11 Number Forms and Unit Marks . 16 4.12 Variant Forms of Characters . 16 5 Implementation 16 5.1 Encoding Model . 16 5.2 Collation . 16 5.3 Character Properties . 17 5.4 Outstanding Issues . 18 6 References 19 List of Tables 1 Glyph chart for Khojki . 2 2 Names list for Khojki . 3 3 Transliteration of Khojki characters and Sindhi-Arabic analogues . 4 List of Figures 1 Inventory of Khojki vowel letters from Grierson (1905) . 20 2 Inventory of Khojki consonant letters from Grierson (1905) . 21 3 Inventory of Khojki consonant letters from Grierson (1905) . 22 4 Inventory of Khojki independent vowel letters from Asani (1992) . 23 5 Inventory of Khojki dependent vowel signs from Asani (1992) . 24 6 Inventory of Khojki consonants (b to dy) from Asani (1992) . -
Written Monuments of the Orient
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (Asiatic Museum) WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF THE ORIENT Founded in 2014 Issued biannually 2017 (1) Editors Irina Popova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg (Editor-in-Chief) Svetlana Anikeeva, Vostochnaya Literatura Publisher, Moscow Tatiana Pang, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Elena Tanonova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Published with the support Editorial Board of St. Petersburg State Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst, Turfanforschung, University Alumni Association BBAW, Berlin and Irina and Yuri Vasilyev Michael Friedrich, Universität Hamburg Foundation Yuly Ioannesyan, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Karashima Seishi, Soka University, Tokyo Aliy Kolesnikov, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Alexander Kudelin, Institute of World Literature, RAS, Moscow Karine Marandzhyan, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Nie Hongyin, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, CASS, Beijing Georges-Jean Pinault, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris Stanislav Prozorov, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Rong Xinjiang, Peking University Nicholas Sims-Williams, University of London Takata Tokio, Kyoto University Stephen F. Teiser, Princeton University Hartmut Walravens, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Nataliya Yakhontova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Nauka Peter Zieme, Freie Universität Berlin Vostochnaya Literatura 2017 IN THIS -
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2664 L2/03-393 A. Administrative B. Technical -- General
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N2664 L2/03-393 2003-11-02 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation internationale de normalisation еждународная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Preliminary proposal to encode the Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS Source: Michael Everson, Karljürgen Feuerherm, Steve Tinney Status: Individual Contribution Date: 2003-11-02 A. Administrative 1. Title Preliminary proposal to encode the Cuneiform script in the SMP of the UCS. 2. Requester’s name Michael Everson, Karljürgen Feuerherm, Steve Tinney 3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution) Individual contribution. 4. Submission date 2003-11-02 5. Requester’s reference (if applicable) 6. Choose one of the following: 6a. This is a complete proposal No. This is a preliminary proposal 6b. More information will be provided later Yes. B. Technical -- General 1. Choose one of the following: 1a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters) Yes. Proposed name of script Cuneiform and Cuneiform Numbers. 1b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block No. 1b. Name of the existing block 2. Number of characters in proposal 952. 3. Proposed category (see section II, Character Categories) Category B. 4a. Proposed Level of Implementation (1, 2 or 3) (see clause 14, ISO/IEC 10646-1: 2000) Level 1. 4b. Is a rationale provided for the choice? Yes. 4c. If YES, reference Characters are ordinary spacing characters. 5a. Is a repertoire including character names provided? Yes. 5b. If YES, are the names in accordance with the character naming guidelines in Annex L of ISO/IEC 10646-1: 2000? Yes. -
Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N3427 L2/08-132
JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3427 L2/08-132 2008-04-08 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to encode 39 Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics in the UCS Source: Michael Everson and Chris Harvey Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2008-04-08 1. Summary. This document requests 39 additional characters to be added to the UCS and contains the proposal summary form. 1. Syllabics hyphen (U+1400). Many Aboriginal Canadian languages use the character U+1428 CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL SHORT HORIZONTAL STROKE, which looks like the Latin script hyphen. Algonquian languages like western dialects of Cree, Oji-Cree, western and northern dialects of Ojibway employ this character to represent /tʃ/, /c/, or /j/, as in Plains Cree ᐊᓄᐦᐨ /anohc/ ‘today’. In Athabaskan languages, like Chipewyan, the sound is /d/ or an alveolar onset, as in Sayisi Dene ᐨᕦᐣᐨᕤ /t’ąt’ú/ ‘how’. To avoid ambiguity between this character and a line-breaking hyphen, a SYLLABICS HYPHEN was developed which resembles an equals sign. Depending on the typeface, the width of the syllabics hyphen can range from a short ᐀ to a much longer ᐀. This hyphen is line-breaking punctuation, and should not be confused with the Blackfoot syllable internal-w final proposed for U+167F. See Figures 1 and 2. 2. DHW- additions for Woods Cree (U+1677..U+167D). ᙷᙸᙹᙺᙻᙼᙽ/ðwē/ /ðwi/ /ðwī/ /ðwo/ /ðwō/ /ðwa/ /ðwā/. The basic syllable structure in Cree is (C)(w)V(C)(C). -
Comments Received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2015-046 Outcome
Comments received for ISO 639-3 Change Request 2015-046 Outcome: Accepted after appeal Effective date: May 27, 2016 SIL International ISO 639-3 Registration Authority 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd., Dallas, TX 75236 PHONE: (972) 708-7400 FAX: (972) 708-7380 (GMT-6) E-MAIL: [email protected] INTERNET: http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/ Registration Authority decision on Change Request no. 2015-046: to create the code element [ovd] Ӧvdalian . The request to create the code [ovd] Ӧvdalian has been reevaluated, based on additional information from the original requesters and extensive discussion from outside parties on the IETF list. The additional information has strengthened the case and changed the decision of the Registration Authority to accept the code request. In particular, the long bibliography submitted shows that Ӧvdalian has undergone significant language development, and now has close to 50 publications. In addition, it has been studied extensively, and the academic works should have a distinct code to distinguish them from publications on Swedish. One revision being added by the Registration Authority is the added English name “Elfdalian” which was used in most of the extensive discussion on the IETF list. Michael Everson [email protected] May 4, 2016 This is an appeal by the group responsible for the IETF language subtags to the ISO 639 RA to reconsider and revert their earlier decision and to assign an ISO 639-3 language code to Elfdalian. The undersigned members of the group responsible for the IETF language subtag are concerned about the rejection of the Elfdalian language. There is no doubt that its linguistic features are unique in the continuum of North Germanic languages. -
BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK Gegründet Von Georges Redard, Herausgegeben Von Nicholas Sims-Williams
BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK Gegründet von Georges Redard, herausgegeben von Nicholas Sims-Williams Band 34 Topics in Iranian Linguistics Herausgegeben von Agnes Korn, Geoffrey Haig, Simin Karimi und Pollet Samvelian WIESBADEN 2011 DR. LUDWIG REICHERT VERLAG Printed with the financial support of Mondes iranien et indien (UMR 7528, CNRS, Paris) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2011 Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden ISBN: 978-3-89500-826-9 www.reichert-verlag.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Speicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier (alterungsbeständig pH7 –, neutral) Printed in Germany Topics in Iranian Linguistics Herausgegeben von Agnes Korn, Geoffrey Haig, Simin Karimi und Pollet Samvelian WIESBADEN 2011 DR. LUDWIG REICHERT VERLAG The Emergence and Development of the Sogdian Perfect Antje Wendtland 1. Introduction A periphrastic perfect formed with a passive participle and the auxiliary have is considered to be one of the constituting features of "Standard Average European", a Sprachbund proposed by some typologists – who argue that European languages (predominantly the Western European languages) share a number of grammatical features not found anywhere else and which have come about through geographical proximity and language contact (cf. Map 1).1 While a have- and a be-perfect are distinguished in the more central languages, a restriction to a have-perfect occurs in the westernmost European area.2 However, the have construction alone is also found e.g. -
Ancient Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1.