water Article Environmental Benefits and Economical Sustainability of Urban Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation—A Cost-Benefit Analysis of an Existing Reuse Project in Puglia, Italy Claudio Arena 1,* , Mario Genco 2 and Mario Rosario Mazzola 1 1 Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
[email protected] 2 Qanat Engineering Srl, 90142 Palermo, Italy;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] Received: 14 September 2020; Accepted: 15 October 2020; Published: 20 October 2020 Abstract: Besides benefits associated to increased water availability for irrigation, reuse projects of urban water can also provide positive environmental impacts, as they contribute to improve water quality of the receiving bodies by diverting wastewater from their outlet. This represents a typical win-win situation where significant synergies can be achieved between urban and agricultural sector, and the environment. These favorable conditions, however, do not necessarily imply that water reuse is either feasible from an economic perspective nor that the underlying supply chain is going to be triggered, if certain conditions are not met. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) is considered a sound, theoretically well-grounded tool to analyze the financial and economical sustainability of an investment. The paper presents the CBA of an existing reuse scheme in Puglia, in southern Italy, reclaiming wastewater for irrigation from a coastal area with growing recreational, beach-related activities. Supported by operational