That Knowledge by Which One Undivided
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Atman/Anatman in Buddhism
Åtman/Anåtman in Buddhism and Its Implication for the Wisdom Tradition by Nancy Reigle Does Christianity believe in reincarnation? Of course it does not. Yet, students of the Wisdom Tradition may seek to find evidence that early Christians did accept reincarnation. Similarly in Buddhism. Does Buddhism believe in the åtman, the permanent self? Certainly the Buddhist religion does not. Yet, there is evidence that the Buddha when teaching his basic doctrine of anåtman, no-self, only denied the abiding reality of the personal or empirical åtman, but not the universal or authentic åtman. The Wisdom Tradition known as Theosophy teaches the existence of “An Omnipresent, Eternal, Boundless, and Immu- table PRINCIPLE,” 1 often compared to the Hindu åtman, the universal “self,” while Buddhism with its doctrine of anåtman, “no-self,” is normally understood to deny any such universal principle. In regard to Buddhism, however, there have been several attempts to show that the Buddha did not deny the exist- ence of the authentic åtman, the self.2 Only one of these attempts seems to have been taken seriously by scholars3; namely, the work of Kamaleswar Bhattacharya. His book on this subject, written in French, L’Åtman-Brahman dans le Bouddhisme ancien, was published in Paris in 1973; and an English translation of this work, The Åtman-Brahman in Ancient Buddhism, was published in 2015.4 It is here that he set forth his arguments for the existence of the Upanißadic åtman in early Buddhism. This is the work that we will discuss. How must we understand -
Handbook of Religious Beliefs and Practices
STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES 1987 FIRST REVISION 1995 SECOND REVISION 2004 THIRD REVISION 2011 FOURTH REVISION 2012 FIFTH REVISION 2013 HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES INTRODUCTION The Department of Corrections acknowledges the inherent and constitutionally protected rights of incarcerated offenders to believe, express and exercise the religion of their choice. It is our intention that religious programs will promote positive values and moral practices to foster healthy relationships, especially within the families of those under our jurisdiction and within the communities to which they are returning. As a Department, we commit to providing religious as well as cultural opportunities for offenders within available resources, while maintaining facility security, safety, health and orderly operations. The Department will not endorse any religious faith or cultural group, but we will ensure that religious programming is consistent with the provisions of federal and state statutes, and will work hard with the Religious, Cultural and Faith Communities to ensure that the needs of the incarcerated community are fairly met. This desk manual has been prepared for use by chaplains, administrators and other staff of the Washington State Department of Corrections. It is not meant to be an exhaustive study of all religions. It does provide a brief background of most religions having participants housed in Washington prisons. This manual is intended to provide general guidelines, and define practice and procedure for Washington State Department of Corrections institutions. It is intended to be used in conjunction with Department policy. While it does not confer theological expertise, it will, provide correctional workers with the information necessary to respond too many of the religious concerns commonly encountered. -
The Confessional Purgation of the Soul in the Poetry of Robert Lowell
Department of English The Flamekeeper: The Confessional Purgation of the Soul in the Poetry of Robert Lowell Ryan Jurison Degree of Bachelor, 15 points Literature Spring Term, 2020 Supervisor: Claudia Egerer Abstract This essay is a critical textual analysis of the poetry of Robert Lowell with focus on religious symbolism used in his work, and the Catholic theology which informed it. This results in a new, contrasting interpretation to the conventional view that he had abandoned his religious focus by mid-career, while accounting for his own assessment that he had not. Insights gained through this analysis, combined with those relating to Lowell’s personal history, reframe his confessional poetry while bolstering this claim. Through this study, poems selected from Lord Weary’s Castle, The Mills of the Kavanaughs, Life Studies and For the Union Dead are reinterpreted in order to explore the consequences of what Lowell could have intended with this stylistic modification, and discover the religiosity that he claimed was hidden. Lowell’s confessional poetry up until 1964 is examined and recast as the anguished wails of a Catholic soul in Purgatory. This fresh approach to one of America’s finest twentieth-century poets provides a novel foundation for the reinterpretation of the entirety of Lowell’s professional oeuvre. Keywords: Robert Lowell; American poetry; Catholic Theology; Religious Symbolism; Purgation; Purgatory; Land of Unlikeness; Lord Weary’s Castle; The Mills of the Kavanaughs; Life Studies; For the Union Dead Jurison 1 What soul is lost that does not think itself irrevocably so? When examining the poetry of Robert Lowell, and more specifically the equally lauded but outwardly contrasting work done from the beginning of his career to the middle, one cannot help but consider this question. -
Mysticism and Mystical Experiences
1 Mysticism and Mystical Experiences The first issue is simply to identify what mysti cism is. The term derives from the Latin word “mysticus” and ultimately from the Greek “mustikos.”1 The Greek root muo“ ” means “to close or conceal” and hence “hidden.”2 The word came to mean “silent” or “secret,” i.e., doctrines and rituals that should not be revealed to the uninitiated. The adjec tive “mystical” entered the Christian lexicon in the second century when it was adapted by theolo- gians to refer, not to inexpressible experiences of God, but to the mystery of “the divine” in liturgical matters, such as the invisible God being present in sacraments and to the hidden meaning of scriptural passages, i.e., how Christ was actually being referred to in Old Testament passages ostensibly about other things. Thus, theologians spoke of mystical theology and the mystical meaning of the Bible. But at least after the third-century Egyptian theolo- gian Origen, “mystical” could also refer to a contemplative, direct appre- hension of God. The nouns “mystic” and “mysticism” were only invented in the seven teenth century when spirituality was becoming separated from general theology.3 In the modern era, mystical inter pretations of the Bible dropped away in favor of literal readings. At that time, modernity’s focus on the individual also arose. Religion began to become privatized in terms of the primacy of individuals, their beliefs, and their experiences rather than being seen in terms of rituals and institutions. “Religious experiences” also became a distinct category as scholars beginning in Germany tried, in light of science, to find a distinct experi ential element to religion. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Reflections on Bhakti-Tattva
Reflections on bhakti-tattva compiled by Tarun Govinda das TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. The situation (sambandha-tattva) 2. The “way out” - bhakti yoga (abhidheya- tattva) 3. The concept of a line of teachers (diksha-parampara) 4. The gift of Sriman Mahaprabhu - bhakti in the wake of the inhabitants of Vrindavana (raganuga-bhakti) 5. The glorious nature of bhakti 6. The final destination (prayojana-tattva) Reflections on bhakti-tattva 1. Our situation (sambandha-tattva) Everyone is looking for love. Everyone is looking for peace. Everyone is looking for happiness. But we only get glimpses of these basic human necessities. Why? Because this world is not our real home. We are actually spiritual beings, living in a material world. We are like a fish thrown out of the water. Since thousands of years, mankind always asked one very important question. “Who am I?” Am I this body? Am I German? Am I American? Am I a man? Am I a professor? Am I rich?All these answers can be changed any moment. All these answers are based on a temporary nature. When we come to the point of asking that there must be more to this, then actually spiritual life begins. Who am I? What is my duty? Where do I come from? Where will I go? The Vedic literature deals exactly with all these questions. In fact they state that if we do NOT ask these questions, our human life is wasted. So, who am I? I am NOT this body. I am NOT my thoughts. I am NOT my profession. -
Towards a Cosmic Society: a Tantric Perspective
ESSAY .61 Towards a Cosmic Society: A Tantric Perspective Dada Shambhushivananda Gurukul University Sweden We live in interesting times. The developed Brahma are the variant states of That One Universal human intellect aspires to put us face-to-face with reali- Consciousness. Consciousness is the combined name of ty, in time, space and person, hoping to break the Cognition (Purus'a or Shiva') and its concomitant boundaries of relativity that have hitherto separated immutable Energy (Prakriti or Shakti). Shiva and Shakti humanity and shrouded the secrets of our existence. In are like two sides of a paper or like fire and its thermal cosmic and mythical terms, however, we are still no property. The entire creation is an eternal play (liila) of closer to understanding the mysterious realm of the inseparable Purus'a and Prakriti. Cognitive Faculty Supreme Consciousness (Cosmic Soul or Cosmic Spirit), (Purus'a) is the fundamental stuff out of which all cre- the Cosmic or Global Mind, and the secrets of the vast ation is apparently formed and Operative Principle or cosmological order that contains the countless galaxies Faculty (Parama-Prakriti) of that Consciousness is the of the visible worlds. I take this opportunity to remind energy which serves as the agency for the transmuta- us of the myths of the old Vedic Rs'is (intuitional scien- tion of One into Many or Many into One. This eternal tists) and current elucidations of those ancient vedic and dance of macrocosm is an unending cycle of evolution tantric thoughts by my mentor Shrii Prabhat Rainjan and dissolution (Brahma-cakra), like waves in the Sarkar in the hope of gaining some illumination as we Infinite Ocean of Consciousness. -
Existential Attitude in Miguel De Unamuno, Juan
WITH THE PASSING OF THE YEARS: EXISTENTIAL ATTITUDE IN MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO, JUAN CARLOS ONETTI, AND DAVID TOSCANA An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by SARA RODRIGUEZ Submitted to the LAUNCH: Undergraduate Research office at Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Faculty Research Advisor: Dr. Eduardo Espina May 2021 Majors: Spanish English Copyright © 2021. Sara Rodriguez. RESEARCH COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATION Research activities involving the use of human subjects, vertebrate animals, and/or biohazards must be reviewed and approved by the appropriate Texas A&M University regulatory research committee (i.e., IRB, IACUC, IBC) before the activity can commence. This requirement applies to activities conducted at Texas A&M and to activities conducted at non-Texas A&M facilities or institutions. In both cases, students are responsible for working with the relevant Texas A&M research compliance program to ensure and document that all Texas A&M compliance obligations are met before the study begins. I, Sara Rodriguez, certify that all research compliance requirements related to this Undergraduate Research Scholars thesis have been addressed with my Research Faculty Advisor prior to the collection of any data used in this final thesis submission. This project did not require approval from the Texas A&M University Research Compliance & Biosafety office. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... -
What Is Bhakti?
(A Scientific Study of bhakti) What is bhakti? What is bhakti? When Rishis such as Sanak Muni asked this question, Gopâl-Tâpani Shruti answered – “bhaktirasya bhajanam tadihâm-utra-upâdhi-nairâsyena amusmin manah kalpanam- etad-eava hi naishkarmyam.” Meaning - "Bhakti means ‘to serve Sri Bhagavân’. When we are free of all material desires and engage our mind and all the senses in serving Sri Bhagavân, we call it ‘bhajan’ and this bhajan alone is ‘naishkarmya1’.” These words of the Shruti prove that bhajan and naishkarmya are synonymous. It expresses the truth that when we begin bhajan all our material desires are destroyed and our heart becomes immaculate. We simply get drowned in relishing the sevâ-ras of Sri Bhagavân. Tâpani Shruti has defined bhakti and how bhakti subjugates Sri Krishna. It says – “vigyâna-ghana ânanda-ghana sachchidânandaika-rase bhakti-yoge tishthati.” Meaning - "Sri Krishna is intense special knowledge personified. He is revealed through Bhakti-yog that is eternal, conscious and blissful ras.” From the above statement we learn three things – · What is bhakti – it is eternal, conscious and blissful ras · What does bhakti do – it reveals Sri Krishna, which means that He is under the control of bhakti · Sri Bhagavân’s original form – intense special knowledge Sri Nârad-Pancha-Râtra says – “surarshe vihitâ shâstre harim-uddishya yâ kriyâ, saiva bhaktir-iti prokta taya bhakti parâ bhavet.’ Meaning - "Bhakti comprises all the activities we perform to serve Sri Krishna. By performing these activities we gain supreme bhakti called prem.” Here, ‘all the activities we perform to serve Sri Krishna’ means the actions that please Him such as, hearing, glorifying etc. -
Shankara: a Hindu Revivalist Or a Crypto-Buddhist?
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Religious Studies Theses Department of Religious Studies 12-4-2006 Shankara: A Hindu Revivalist or a Crypto-Buddhist? Kencho Tenzin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rs_theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Tenzin, Kencho, "Shankara: A Hindu Revivalist or a Crypto-Buddhist?." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2006. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rs_theses/4 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Religious Studies at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religious Studies Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SHANKARA: A HINDU REVIVALIST OR A CRYPTO BUDDHIST? by KENCHO TENZIN Under The Direction of Kathryn McClymond ABSTRACT Shankara, the great Indian thinker, was known as the accurate expounder of the Upanishads. He is seen as a towering figure in the history of Indian philosophy and is credited with restoring the teachings of the Vedas to their pristine form. However, there are others who do not see such contributions from Shankara. They criticize his philosophy by calling it “crypto-Buddhism.” It is his unique philosophy of Advaita Vedanta that puts him at odds with other Hindu orthodox schools. Ironically, he is also criticized by Buddhists as a “born enemy of Buddhism” due to his relentless attacks on their tradition. This thesis, therefore, probes the question of how Shankara should best be regarded, “a Hindu Revivalist or a Crypto-Buddhist?” To address this question, this thesis reviews the historical setting for Shakara’s work, the state of Indian philosophy as a dynamic conversation involving Hindu and Buddhist thinkers, and finally Shankara’s intellectual genealogy. -
3.Hindu Websites Sorted Country Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Country wise Sl. Reference Country Broad catergory Website Address Description No. 1 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindushahi Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 2 Afghanistan Dynasty http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayapala King Jayapala -Hindu Shahi Dynasty Afghanistan, Pakistan 3 Afghanistan Dynasty http://www.afghanhindu.com/history.asp The Hindu Shahi Dynasty (870 C.E. - 1015 C.E.) 4 Afghanistan History http://hindutemples- Hindu Roots of Afghanistan whthappendtothem.blogspot.com/ (Gandhar pradesh) 5 Afghanistan History http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/mode Hindu Kush rn/hindu_kush.html 6 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindu.wordpress.com/ Afghan Hindus 7 Afghanistan Information http://afghanhindusandsikhs.yuku.com/ Hindus of Afaganistan 8 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.com/vedic.asp Afghanistan and It's Vedic Culture 9 Afghanistan Information http://www.afghanhindu.de.vu/ Hindus of Afaganistan 10 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.afghanhindu.info/ Afghan Hindus 11 Afghanistan Organisation http://www.asamai.com/ Afghan Hindu Asociation 12 Afghanistan Temple http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Temples_ Hindu Temples of Kabul of_Kabul 13 Afghanistan Temples Database http://www.athithy.com/index.php?module=p Hindu Temples of Afaganistan luspoints&id=851&action=pluspoint&title=H indu%20Temples%20in%20Afghanistan%20. html 14 Argentina Ayurveda http://www.augurhostel.com/ Augur Hostel Yoga & Ayurveda 15 Argentina Festival http://www.indembarg.org.ar/en/ Festival of -
2.Hindu Websites Sorted Category Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Category wise Sl. No. Broad catergory Website Address Description Reference Country 1 Archaelogy http://aryaculture.tripod.com/vedicdharma/id10. India's Cultural Link with Ancient Mexico html America 2 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa Harappa Civilisation India 3 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civil Indus Valley Civilisation India ization 4 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiradu_temples Kiradu Barmer Temples India 5 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro Mohenjo_Daro Civilisation India 6 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda Nalanda University India 7 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila Takshashila University Pakistan 8 Archaelogy http://selians.blogspot.in/2010/01/ganesha- Ganesha, ‘lingga yoni’ found at newly Indonesia lingga-yoni-found-at-newly.html discovered site 9 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Ancient Idol of Lord Vishnu found Russia om/2012/05/27/ancient-idol-of-lord-vishnu- during excavation in an old village in found-during-excavation-in-an-old-village-in- Russia’s Volga Region russias-volga-region/ 10 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Mahendraparvata, 1,200-Year-Old Cambodia om/2013/06/15/mahendraparvata-1200-year- Lost Medieval City In Cambodia, old-lost-medieval-city-in-cambodia-unearthed- Unearthed By Archaeologists 11 Archaelogy http://wikimapia.org/7359843/Takshashila- Takshashila University Pakistan Taxila 12 Archaelogy http://www.agamahindu.com/vietnam-hindu- Vietnam