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Approved Conservation Advice for Tasmannia Purpurascens (Broad-Leaved Pepperbush)

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Approved Conservation Advice for Tasmannia Purpurascens (Broad-Leaved Pepperbush) This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 1/10/2008 Approved Conservation Advice (s266B of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) Approved Conservation Advice for Tasmannia purpurascens (Broad-leaved Pepperbush) This Conservation Advice has been developed based on the best available information at the time this Conservation Advice was approved; this includes existing plans, records or management prescriptions for this species. Description Tasmannia purpurascens, Family Winteraceae, also known as Broad-leaved Pepperbush, is a medium to tall shrub growing 1–3 m high. This species is dioecious, with separate male and female plants. Apical buds and stems are purple coloured. Leaves are 8–18 cm long, 3–5 cm wide, green on both surfaces and purple towards the base. The leaves have a spicy or peppery smell when crushed. Flowers are 8–12 mm long with two white petals. Fruit form shiny, deep blue-black berries 1–1.5 cm long, that are held in groups of 2–6 on a peduncle (stalk) 2–4 cm long (Sampson et al., 1988). Conservation Status Broad-leaved Pepperbush is listed as vulnerable. This species is eligible for listing as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth) (EPBC Act) as, prior to the commencement of the EPBC Act, it was listed as vulnerable under Schedule 1 of the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992 (Cwlth). The species is also listed as vulnerable under Schedule 2 of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW). Distribution and Habitat Broad-leaved Pepperbush is known from the eastern side of the NSW northern tablelands in and around Barrington Tops National Park (NP), and Ben Halls Gap NP. The species is considered widespread and abundant at these locations (Quinn et al., 1995; NSW NPWS, 2002) and its population is estimated to be several thousand (Quinn et al., 1995). Broad-leaved Pepperbush occurs in chocolate brown soils with basalt substrate. Associated vegetation includes wet, tall eucalypt forest, sub-alpine woodland and the transition zone between tall forest and cool temperate rainforest (DECC, 2005). It is found in cool temperature high rainfall areas between 1200 and 1615 m altitude (Vink, 1970; Harden, 1990). This species occurs within the Hunter–Central Rivers (NSW) Natural Resource Management Region. The distribution of this species is not known to overlap with any EPBC Act-listed threatened ecological communities. Threats The main identified threats to Broad-leaved Pepperbush include weed invasion by Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius); clearing of vegetation for agriculture; logging operations; grazing and trampling by feral horses (Equus caballus) and pigs (Sus scrofa); trampling by bushwalkers; and susceptibility to dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DECC, 2005). Research Priorities Research priorities that would inform future regional and local priority actions include: Tasmannia purpurascens Conservation Advice - Page 1 of 4 This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 1/10/2008 • Design and implement a monitoring program or, if appropriate, support and enhance existing programs. • More precisely assess population size, distribution, ecological requirements including fire ecology and the relative impacts of threatening processes. • Undertake survey work in suitable habitat and potential habitat to locate any additional populations/occurrences/remnants, and notify DECC of any new occurrences (DECC, 2005). Regional Priority Actions The following regional priority recovery and threat abatement actions can be done to support the recovery of Broad-leaved Pepperbush. Habitat Loss, Disturbance and Modification • Monitor known populations to identify key threats. • Monitor the progress of recovery, including the effectiveness of management actions and the need to adapt them if necessary. • Identify populations of high conservation priority. • Manage threats to areas of vegetation that contain populations/occurrences/remnants of Broad-leaved Pepperbush. • Ensure logging, road widening and maintenance activities (or other infrastructure or development activities as appropriate) in areas where Broad-leaved Pepperbush occurs do not adversely impact on known populations (DECC, 2005). Trampling, Browsing or Grazing • Develop and implement a stock management plan for roadside verges and travelling stock routes. Fire • Develop and implement a suitable fire management strategy for Broad-leaved Pepperbush. • Identify appropriate intensity and interval of fire to promote seed germination and vegetation regeneration. • Provide maps of known occurrences to land managers and local and state rural fire services and seek inclusion of mitigative measures in bush fire risk management plans, risk register and/or operation maps. Conservation Information • Raise awareness of Broad-leaved Pepperbush within the local community, particularly adjacent landowners, NSW State Forests, bushwalkers, and NP users. Enable Recovery of Additional Sites and/or Populations • Undertake appropriate seed collection and storage. • Investigate options for linking, enhancing or establishing additional populations. • Implement national translocation protocols (Vallee et al., 2004) if establishing additional populations is considered necessary and feasible. Local Priority Actions The following local priority recovery and threat abatement actions can be done to support the recovery of Broad-leaved Pepperbush. Habitat Loss, Disturbance and Modification • Control access routes to suitably constrain public access to known sites on public land, especially bushwalkers (DECC, 2005). • Minimise adverse impacts from land use at known sites. Tasmannia purpurascens Conservation Advice - Page 2 of 4 This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 1/10/2008 • Protect populations of the listed species through the development of further conservation agreements and/or covenants. Invasive Weeds • Develop and implement a management plan for the control of Scotch Broom in the local area (DECC, 2005). • Ensure chemicals or other mechanisms used to eradicate weeds do not have a significant adverse impact on Broad-leaved Pepperbush. Trampling, Browsing or Grazing • Manage known sites on private property to ensure appropriate stock grazing regimes are conducted. • Prevent grazing pressure at known sites on leased crown land through exclusion fencing or other barriers. • Manage threats at known sites in reserve areas to control feral horses. • Continue baiting to control population numbers of feral animals, especially feral pigs (DECC, 2005; DEWHA, 2005). Diseases, Fungi and Parasites • Monitor for evidence of outbreaks of dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (DECC, 2005). • Implement suitable hygiene protocols to protect known sites from further outbreaks of dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (EA, 2001). This list does not necessarily encompass all actions that may be of benefit to Broad-leaved Pepperbush, but highlights those that are considered to be of highest priority at the time of preparing the conservation advice. Existing Plans/Management Prescriptions that are Relevant to the Species • Barrington Tops National Park, Mount Royal National Park and Barrington Tops State Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management (DECC, 2007), • Ben Halls Gap National Park – Plan of Management (NSW NPWS, 2002), • Threat Abatement Plan for Dieback caused by the Root-root Fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi (EA, 2001), and • Threat Abatement Plan for Predation, Habitat Degradation, Competition and Disease Transmission by Feral Pigs (DEWHA, 2005). These prescriptions were current at the time of publishing; please refer to the relevant agency’s website for any updated versions. Information Sources: Department of Environment & Climate Change New South Wales (DECC) 2005, Broad-leaved Pepperbush – Profile, viewed 15 April 2008, <http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=10797> Department of Environment & Climate Change New South Wales (DECC) 2007, Barrington Tops National Park, Mount Royal National Park and Barrington Tops State Conservation Area – Draft Plan of Management, viewed 15 April 2008, <http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/Barrington_mgmtplan_draft.pdf> Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) 2005, Threat Abatement Plan for Predation, Habitat Degradation, Competition and Disease Transmission by Feral Pigs, viewed 15 April 2008, <http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/pig/index.html> Environment Australia (EA) 2001, Threat Abatement Plan for Dieback caused by the Root-root Fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi, viewed 15 April 2008, <http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/phytophthora/index.html> Tasmannia purpurascens Conservation Advice - Page 3 of 4 This Conservation Advice was approved by the Minister / Delegate of the Minister on: 1/10/2008 Harden, GJ (Ed.) 1990, Flora of New South Wales, vol.1, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney, pp. 125-127. NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service (NSW NPWS) 2002, Ben Halls Gap National Park – Plan of Management, viewed 15 April 2008, <http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/pomFinalBenhallsgap.pdf> Quinn, F, Williams, JB, Gross, CL & Bruhl, J 1995, Report on rare and threatened plants of north-eastern New South Wales, University of New England, Armidale. Sampson, FB, Williams, JB & Woodland, PS 1988, ‘The morphology and taxonomic position of Tasmannia glaucifolia (Winteraceae), a new Australian species’, Australian Journal of Botany, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 395-413. Vallee, L, Hogbin, T, Monks, L, Makinson, B, Matthes, M & Rossetto, M 2004, Guidelines for the Translocation of Threatened Plants in Australia – Second Edition, Australian Network for Plant Conservation, Canberra. Vink, W 1970, ‘The Winteraceae of the old world’, Blumea, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 225-354. Tasmannia purpurascens Conservation Advice - Page 4 of 4 .
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