List of Plant Species from Northern NSW That May Be Used As Food Plants

Home , Acacia binervia, Acacia concurrens, Acacia myrtifolia, Acacia oswaldii, Acacia praetermissa, Acacia spectabilis

List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Acacia baileyana (Fabaceae Cootamundra Wattle This species is This species is found in the Widely used as an ornamental plant. (Mimosoideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 386 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Acacia binervia (Fabaceae Coast Myall This species is found in the The leaves contain prussic acid making them poisonous to stock. (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 348 Acacia concurrens Curracabah This species is found in the The unripe fruit cause severe discomfort in the mouth and throat. (Fabaceae (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 352 Acacia decurrens (Fabaceae Black Wattle This species is found in the The bark of trees at last 7 years old was harvested and stored for a year before preparation (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: and use as an astringent (including being exported to Britain). The exuded gum, dissolved Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes in water, can be used as a treatment for inflamed mucous membranes. 2nd volume, on page 390 North-west Plains Acacia farnesiana (Fabaceae Mimosa Bush This species is found in the The Aborigines are recorded as eating the pods after roasting them. The flowers are the (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: source of the perfume oil cassie, the gums are astringent and used in treating inflamed Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands mucous membranes, and the Javanese use the juice squeezed from unripe pods for 2nd volume, on page 392 North-west Slopes bathing the eyes and as a plaster over wounds. The Algerians consider the flowers to be North-west Plains an aphrodisiac, and also an insecticidal agent. Acacia myrtifolia (Fabaceae Red-stemmed Wattle This species is found in the The leaves have been used a s a hops substitute in making beer. (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 380 Acacia oswaldii (Fabaceae Miljee, Umbrella This species is found in the The seeds are recorded as edible. However, no mention of required treatments is made, (Mimosoideae)) Wattle following botanical regions: and some care should be exercised in the use of most (if not all) Wattles. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 356 North-west Plains Acacia pycnantha (Fabaceae Golden Wattle This species is found in the Commonly cultivated as an ornamental, naturalised around Sydney and in Western (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: Australia. Of wide use during settlement as a cure for diahorrhoea, the bark and tannin-rich Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes gum exudate being prepared for the purpose. 2nd volume, on page 382 Acacia salicina (Fabaceae Cooba, Native Willow This species is found in the The ash of this species was mixed with Duboisia hopwoodii (Pituri) to make a narcotic (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: gumchewed by the Aborigines. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 375 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Acacia spectabilis (Fabaceae Mudgee Wattle This species is found in the The flowers are able to be eaten, mixed into a batter and deep fried, or mixed into the (Mimosoideae)) following botanical regions: batter of pikelets and pancakes. It is widely planted, and naturalised in the Sydney region. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 385 North-west Plains Acacia stenophylla River Cooba, Belalie, This species is found in the The seeds are recorded as edible. However, no mention of required treatments is made, (Fabaceae (Mimosoideae)) Eumong following botanical regions: and some care should be exercised in the use of most (if not all) Wattles. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 356 North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 1 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Acacia vestita (Fabaceae Weeping Boree This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated, and one of the most pleasing of the wattles. (Mimosoideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 380 Acaena agnipila (Rosaceae) Bidgee-widgee This species is found in the A. anserinifolia has been used as a tea substitute, with an added bonus of supposed Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: activity against rheumatism, urinary and venereal disorders. The leaves may be prepared volume, on page 540 Northern Tablelands as a poultice to treat wounds. North-west Slopes Acaena echinata (Rosaceae) This species is found in the A. anserinifolia has been used as a tea substitute, with an added bonus of supposed Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: activity against rheumatism, urinary and venereal disorders. The leaves may be prepared volume, on page 540 North-west Slopes as a poultice to treat wounds. Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee This species is found in the A. anserinifolia has been used as a tea substitute, with an added bonus of supposed (Rosaceae) following botanical regions: activity against rheumatism, urinary and venereal disorders. The leaves may be prepared Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands as a poultice to treat wounds. volume, on page 539 North-west Slopes Acaena ovina (Rosaceae) Bidgee-widgee This species is found in the A. anserinifolia has been used as a tea substitute, with an added bonus of supposed Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: activity against rheumatism, urinary and venereal disorders. The leaves may be prepared volume, on page 540 Northern Tablelands as a poultice to treat wounds. North-west Slopes Acetosa vesicaria Bladder Dock, Rosy This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and edible herb, with anti-inflammatory and stimulative qualities. The bruised (Polygonaceae) Dock introduced to the following botanical regions: fresh leaves may be used as a poultice on wounds, and leaves are also added to salads, Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. although the oxalic acid content suggests caution be employed over the amount and volume, on page 292 North-west Slopes frequency with which it is used North-west Plains Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel, Sorrel This species is This species is found in the Although edible in small quantities, larger quantities should be avoided as the plant is rich (Polygonaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: in oxalic acid. The leaves may be boiled or nibbled raw, and are suitable for use as a green Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands vegetable. They may also be used as a soup vegetable. volume, on page 292 North-west Slopes Achillea millefolium Yarrow This species is This species is found in the The leaves may be used as a garnish and herb, and although able to be used as a green (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: vegetable taste strong and bitter. It may also be used as an inhalant against respiratory Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands ailments and as an infusion against intestinal and menstrual disorders. It has also gained 3rd volume, on page 286 use as a poultice on bleeding and healing wounds. It is recorded as being somewhat toxic, or of causing dermatitis. Acianthus apprimus Mountain Gnat Orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 217 Acianthus collinus This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 218 North-west Slopes Acianthus exsertus Mosquito Orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 217 Acianthus pusillus Gnat Orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 217

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 2 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Acmena smithii (Myrtaceae) Lilly Pilly This species is found in the Although edible, the fruit is often resinous and tart. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 2nd volume, on page 146 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Acronychia laevis (Rutaceae) Glossy Acronychia This species is found in the The aromatic fruits are edible, but the recommended use is for making jam. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 2nd volume, on page 271 Northern Tablelands Acronychia oblongifolia Common Acronychia This species is found in the The aromatic fruits are edible, but the recommended use is for making jam. (Rutaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 270 Acrotriche aggregata This species is found in the All species of Acrotriche probably have edible fruits. This is one of the better ones, with (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: fleshy, crisp fruit with a pleasant, if tart taste. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 421 Acrotriche divaricata This species is found in the All species of Acrotriche probably have edible fruits. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 421 Acrotriche rigida This species is found in the All species of Acrotriche probably have edible fruits. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 421 Acrotriche serrulata Honeypots This species is found in the All species of Acrotriche probably have edible fruits. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 421 Adenochilus nortonii Creeping Fairy-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 170 Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair This species is found in the A soothing syrup against coughs and chest ailments has been made of the leaves, and (Adiantaceae) following botanical regions: some African tribes smoke the leaves against colds. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 023 North-west Slopes Adiantum formosum Giant Maidenhair This species is found in the A soothing syrup against coughs and chest ailments has been made of the leaves, and (Adiantaceae) following botanical regions: some African tribes smoke the leaves against colds. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 024 Adiantum hispidulum Rough Maidenhair This species is found in the A soothing syrup against coughs and chest ailments has been made of the leaves, and (Adiantaceae) following botanical regions: some African tribes smoke the leaves against colds. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 024 North-west Slopes Adriana glabrata variety Bitterbush This species is found in the A plant which had use as a tobacco by the Aborigines. glabrata (Euphorbiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 407

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 3 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Adriana tomentosa variety Bitterbush This species is found in the A plant which had use as a tobacco by the Aborigines. tomentosa (Euphorbiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 407 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Agave americana Century Plant, This species is This species is found in the Often occurs as the result of cultivation and is poorly naturalised. (Agavaceae) American Aloe introduced to the following botanical regions: The sap of some species of Agave is irritant, and contain oxalates, while ingestion may Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes cause minor toxicity. Dermatitis is also recorded. 4th volume, on page 069 North-west Plains Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven This species is This species is found in the Although mentioned as useful against gonorrhoea, dysentery, tape-worms, heart (Simaroubaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: complaints and epilepsy, the side effects include dermatitis, gastritis and nausea, so its use Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes is not recommended. 2nd volume, on page 276 It is recorded as being somewhat toxic, and also causing dermatitis. Aira cupaniana (Poaceae) Silvery Hairgrass This species is This species is found in the Aborigines in northern New South Wales are recorded as using the bruised leaves, juices Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: and decoctions to treat ulcers, sores and skin ailments. 4th volume, on page 595 region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Alectryon diversifolius Scrub Boonaree This species is found in the The reddish aril around the seed is edible, but scant and many fruit would need collecting (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: for a sufficient quantity. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 290 Alectryon oleifolius Western Rosewood, This species is found in the The seed is edible, but no record exists of necessary treatments. Hearsay in the Macquarie subspecies elongatus Bonaree following botanical regions: Marshes area suggests that the foliage cut for fodder becomes toxic if dampened by rain (Sapindaceae) North-west Slopes once cut. The wood is heavy, richly coloured and ideal for wood turning. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 2nd volume, on page 290 Allium triquetrum (Alliaceae) Three-cornered This species is This species is found in the Widley cultivated as an ornamental plant. Found in the NSW flora at: Garlic, Angled Onion introduced to the following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 101 region. North-west Slopes Allium vineale (Alliaceae) Crow Garlic This species is This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental. Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 102 region. Northern Tablelands Allocasuarina littoralis Black Sheoak This species is found in the Timber is suitable for veneer work and the plants are widely grown as a windbreak and as (Casuarinaceae) following botanical regions: an ornamental tree. Bees utilise the pollen, which is mainly available April to October. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands The is no apparent toxicity in this species. volume, on page 515 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Allocasuarina luehmannii Bulloak, Bull Oak This species is found in the Timber is used for fencing posts, and the foliage is an inferior drought fodder. (Casuarinaceae) following botanical regions: There is no apparent toxicity in this species. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 513 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Oak, Forest This species is found in the Timber is suitable for veneer and turnery work, while the foliage is suitable as drought (Casuarinaceae) Sheoak, Drooping following botanical regions: fodder. The plants are attractive and are sometimes cultivated. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Sheoak Northern Tablelands The is no apparent toxicity in this species. volume, on page 514 North-west Slopes

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 4 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Aloe saponaria Common Soap Aloe, This species is This species is found in the One of the more widely cultivated of the succulents. It often persists around old habitation (Asphodelaceae) Soap Aloe introduced to the following botanical regions: and in areas where it has been dumped. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 085 Alphitonia excelsa Red Ash This species is found in the The leaves have a high saponin content, and may be used as a soap substitute by rubbig (Rhamnaceae) following botanical regions: between wet hands. An infusion of the bark and root was rubbed on the body as a liniment, Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands or used as a gargle for toothache. The young shoots may be eaten to settle an upset volume, on page 356 North-west Slopes stomach. A decoction of the bark and wood has been used as an internal tonic. North-west Plains Alstonia constricta Quinine Bush, Bitter This species is found in the A number of alkaloids are present in the bark, and it has been used in treating fevers. One (Apocynaceae) Bark following botanical regions: of the alkaloids is reserpine, which lowers blood pressure and and has a tranquilizing Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands effect. It has been used at various stages as a source of 'bitters', and also as a replacement 3rd volume, on page 519 North-west Slopes for hops, both here and in England. The bark produces a dye in various shades of yellow. North-west Plains Alstonia constricta Narrow- Quinine Bush, Bitter This species is found in the A number of alkaloids are present in the bark, and it has been used in treating fevers. One leaved pubescent form Bark following botanical regions: of the alkaloids is reserpine, which lowers blood pressure and and has a tranquilizing (Apocynaceae) Northern Tablelands effect. It has been used at various stages as a source of 'bitters', and also as a replacement Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes for hops, both here and in England. The bark produces a dye in various shades of yellow. 3rd volume, on page 519 North-west Plains Alstonia constricta type form Quinine Bush, Bitter This species is found in the A number of alkaloids are present in the bark, and it has been used in treating fevers. One (Apocynaceae) Bark following botanical regions: of the alkaloids is reserpine, which lowers blood pressure and and has a tranquilizing Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes effect. It has been used at various stages as a source of 'bitters', and also as a replacement 3rd volume, on page 519 North-west Plains for hops, both here and in England. The bark produces a dye in various shades of yellow. Amaranthus hybridus Slim Amaranth This species is This species is found in the The young leaves may be used as a spinach substitute or in soups, and should be cooked. (Amaranthaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 253 Amaranthus mitchellii Boggabri Weed This species is found in the The young leaves may be used as a spinach substitute or in soups, and should be cooked. (Amaranthaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 252 North-west Plains Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot Amaranth This species is This species is found in the The young leaves may be used as a spinach substitute or in soups, and should be cooked. (Amaranthaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 253 North-west Plains Amaranthus viridis Green Amaranth This species is This species is found in the The young leaves may be used as a spinach substitute or in soups, and should be cooked. (Amaranthaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: There is some record of the species being used to treat worms and as a treatment for Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes tumours. volume, on page 252 North-west Plains Amyema bifurcatum variety This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. bifurcatum (Loranthaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 052 North-west Plains Amyema cambagei River-oak Mistletoe This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. (Loranthaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 051 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 5 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Amyema congener This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. subspecies congener following botanical regions: (Loranthaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 3rd volume, on page 050 Amyema gaudichaudii This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. (Loranthaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 051 Amyema linophyllum Needle-leaf Mistletoe This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. subspecies orientale following botanical regions: (Loranthaceae) North-west Slopes Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 3rd volume, on page 052 Amyema miquelii This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. (Loranthaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 052 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Amyema miraculosum This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. subspecies boormanii following botanical regions: (Loranthaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 050 North-west Plains Amyema pendulum This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. subspecies longifolium following botanical regions: (Loranthaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 052 North-west Plains Amyema pendulum This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. subspecies pendulum following botanical regions: (Loranthaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 052 North-west Plains Amyema quandang variety This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. In north Queensland, a bancroftii (Loranthaceae) following botanical regions: decoction of the leaves was drunk to treat fevers. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 053 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Amyema quandang variety This species is found in the All species of Amyema have succulent and edible (if sticky) fruits. In north Queensland, a quandang (Loranthaceae) following botanical regions: decoction of the leaves was drunk to treat fevers. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 053 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel (Scarlet or This species is This species is found in the A medicinal plant with diuretic properties and assisting in the flow of bile, as well as being (Primulaceae) Blue) introduced to the following botanical regions: used to treat certain skin irritations. The foliage can be poisonous. It is used mainly in the Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands treatment of nervous disorders. volume, on page 506 North-west Slopes It is recorded as being somewhat toxic, and also causing dermatitis. North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 6 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Angophora costata Sydney Red Gum This species is found in the Angophora roots are known to provide a source of water. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 074 Angophora floribunda Rough-barked Apple This species is found in the Angophora roots are known to provide a source of water. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 075 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Angophora leiocarpa This species is found in the Angophora roots are known to provide a source of water. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 074 North-west Plains Angophora subvelutina Broad-leaved Apple This species is found in the Angophora roots are known to provide a source of water. The kino produced has been (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: used as an astringent against diarrhoea. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 076 North-west Slopes Anredera cordifolia Madeira Vine, Jalap, This species is This species is found in the The rhizome is reportedly edible. However, no mention is made of further treatments may (Basellaceae) Lamb's Tail introduced to the following botanical regions: be required. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 177 North-west Plains Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass This species is This species is found in the A tea-like drink may be made of the leaves, and the plant may be used as a compress or (Poaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: bath to treat inflamed joints, rheumatic pain, myalgia, chillblains, nervous and physical Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands exhaustion, metabolic disturbances and insomnia. 4th volume, on page 634 North-west Slopes Argemone ochroleuca Mexican Poppy This species is This species is found in the The yellow latex is applied as a treatment for skin ailments (warts and corns particularly), subspecies ochroleuca introduced to the following botanical regions: and although toxic, the seeds have been applied to medicinal purposes in India. In some (Papaveraceae) region. Northern Tablelands parts of northern Mexico the seeds have a reputation as a narcotic. The poisonous oilcake Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes can be used as a fertilizer, while the oil is suitable for lamps, as a lubricant, and when volume, on page 171 North-west Plains mixed with linseed oil can be used for paints. It is possible that it also protects wood from borers and termites. All parts are toxic (especially the seeds). Argemone subfusiformis American Poppy This species is This species is found in the The yellow latex is applied as a treatment for skin ailments (warts and corns particularly), subspecies subfusiformis introduced to the following botanical regions: and although toxic, the seeds have been applied to medicinal purposes in India. In some (Papaveraceae) region. North-west Slopes parts of northern Mexico the seeds have a reputation as a narcotic. The poisonous oilcake Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Plains can be used as a fertilizer, while the oil is suitable for lamps, as a lubricant, and when volume, on page 171 mixed with linseed oil can be used for paints. It is possible that it also protects wood from borers and termites. All parts are toxic (especially the seeds). Aristida acuta (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 511 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Aristida behriana (Poaceae) Bunch Wiregrass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 513 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 7 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Aristida benthamii variety This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. benthamii (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 510 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida calycina variety This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. calycina (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 509 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida calycina variety This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. praealta (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 509 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida caput-medusae Many-headed This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. (Poaceae) Wiregrass following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 4th volume, on page 511 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida gracilipes (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 512 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida holathera variety Erect Kerosene Grass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. holathera (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 509 North-west Plains Aristida ingrata (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. following botanical regions: Northern Tablelands Aristida jerichoensis variety Jericho Wiregrass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. jerichoensis (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 510 North-west Plains Aristida jerichoensis variety Jericho Wiregrass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. subspinulifera (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 510 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida latifolia (Poaceae) Feathertop Wiregrass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 511 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida leichhardtiana This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 513 North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 8 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Aristida leptopoda (Poaceae) White Speargrass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 513 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida longicollis (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 514 Northern Tablelands North-west Plains Aristida muricata (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 510 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida platychaeta This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 514 North-west Plains Aristida psammophila This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 511 North-west Plains Aristida ramosa variety This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. ramosa (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 512 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida ramosa variety This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. scaberula (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 512 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida ramosa variety This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. speciosa (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 512 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida species A (aff. This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. ingrata) (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Aristida species B (affinis This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. longicollis) (Poaceae) following botanical regions: North-west Slopes Aristida spuria (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 508 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Aristida vagans (Poaceae) Threeawn Speargrass This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 512 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Aristida warburgii (Poaceae) This species is found in the The seeds of Aristida species are recorded as being eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 511 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Artemisia ludoviciana Western Mugwort, This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental - the silvery foliage making it likely to be a (Asteraceae) White Sage introduced to the following botanical regions: popular subject in drier climates. region. North-west Slopes Dermatitis is recorded from contact with some Artemisia species. Arthrochilus huntianus Elbow Orchid This species is found in the The tubers are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 195 Arthropodium milleflorum Vanilla Lily This species is found in the The roots are edible. No mention is made of any required treatments that will ensure its (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: edibility. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 094 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Asparagus officinalis Asparagus This species is This species is found in the The plants are cultivated for the edible new shoot, this being harvested while very young (Asparagaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: and steamed or boiled. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes Dermatitis is recorded from contact by some. 4th volume, on page 045 North-west Plains Astelia species (Asteliaceae) Pineapple Grass, This species is found in the Astelia alpina yields edible, succulent red fruit. Found in the NSW flora at: Pineapple Lily following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 048 Northern Tablelands Astrebla pectinata (Poaceae) Barley Mitchell Grass This species is found in the The caryopsis (grain) formed an important part of the diet for inland Aborigines. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 547 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Atherosperma moschatum Black Sassafras This species is found in the A bitter infusion produced from the bark is reported as having a pleasant taste when taken (Monimiaceae) following botanical regions: with plenty of milk, and had a reputation as a tonic. It is quite bitter, and is poorly Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands recommended. volume, on page 131 Baeckea gunniana Alpine Baeckea This species is found in the The leaves are used to make a pleasant tea, in this case often with a hint of lemon. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 185 Baeckea virgata (Myrtaceae) This species is found in the The leaves are used to make a pleasant tea. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 2nd volume, on page 184 North-west Slopes Banksia cunninghamii Shrubby Honeysuckle This species is found in the Banksia flowers are considered a good source of nectar. subspecies A (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 071 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Banksia integrifolia Mountain Banksia This species is found in the Banksia flowers are considered a good source of nectar. subspecies A (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 068 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Banksia marginata Silver Banksia This species is found in the Banksia flowers are considered a good source of nectar. (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 069 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Banksia spinulosa variety Hairpin Banksia This species is found in the Banksia flowers are considered a good source of nectar. collina (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 070 Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) Cobbler's Pegs, This species is This species is found in the The young leaves may be used as a spinach substitute or in stews, and should be cooked. Found in the NSW flora at: Pitchforks, Farmer's introduced to the following botanical regions: They impart a very strong flavour, and when boiled the leaves give the water a very brown 3rd volume, on page 279 Friends region. Northern Tablelands colour. North-west Slopes North-west Plains Billardiera longiflora Purple Appleberry This species is found in the The pulp of the edible berries is fleshy, but there is little of it. (Pittosporaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 068 Billardiera scandens variety Appleberry, This species is found in the The pulp of the edible berries is succulent, with an aroma and taste somewhat like apples. scandens (Pittosporaceae) Snotberry, Apple following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Dumplings Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 068 Blandfordia grandiflora Christmas Bells This species is found in the Widely cultivated in Europe and North America as a garden and pot flower. (Blandfordiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 068 Boerhavia coccinea Tarvine This species is found in the The taproot is edible after baking, although the foliage is reported as being eaten in (Nyctaginaceae) following botanical regions: Southeaast Asia. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 186 North-west Plains Brachychiton acerifolius Illawarra Flame Tree, This species is found in the The seeds may be roasted and then ground as a coffee substitute, or eaten whole. The raw (Sterculiaceae) Flame Tree following botanical regions: nut is alright, but is improved by light roasting. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 312 Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong This species is found in the The seeds may be roasted and then ground as a coffee substitute, or eaten whole. The raw subspecies populneus following botanical regions: nut is alright, but is improved by light roasting. (Sterculiaceae) Northern Tablelands It is recorded as causing dermatitis in some people. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 313 Brunoniella australis Blue Trumpet This species is found in the Roots of the related B. acaulis are recorded as edible, but no information of required (Acanthaceae) following botanical regions: treatments (if any) is given. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 606 North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Buddleja davidii Purple Butterfly Bush This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated as an ornamental that is very attractive to butterflies (Buddlejaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 552 Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine Lily, Golden This species is found in the It is reported that the Aborigines ate the bulb, but given the effects on grazing animals (Asphodelaceae) Lily following botanical regions: some form of treatment (which is not recorded) is probably necessary. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 083 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Bulbophyllum bracteatum Spotted Bulbophyllum This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 236 Bulbophyllum elisae Pineapple Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 235 North-west Slopes Bulbophyllum exiguum Autumn Bulbophyllum This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 236 Bulbophyllum minutissimum Squat Moss-orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 235 Bulbophyllum shepherdii Wheat-leaf Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 234 Caesia alpina Alpine Grass-lily This species is found in the A related species (C. parviflora var. vittata) is (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: recorded as having edible tubers, although no statements are given regarding any required Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands treatments. 4th volume, on page 088 Caesia calliantha This species is found in the A related species (C. parviflora var. vittata) is (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: recorded as having edible tubers, although no statements are given regarding any required Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands treatments. 4th volume, on page 088 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Caesia parviflora variety Pale Grass-lily This species is found in the The related variety C. parviflora var. vittata is parviflora (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: recorded as having edible tubers, although no statements are given regarding any required Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands treatments. 4th volume, on page 088 North-west Slopes Caesia parviflora variety Dark Grass-lily This species is found in the This variety (as C. vittata) is recorded as having edible tubers, although no statements are vittata (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: given regarding any required treatments. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 088

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This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 13 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Callistemon citrinus Crimson Bottlebrush This species is found in the The leaves produce a very good quality, refreshing tea, reminiscent of apples in flavour. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 171 North-west Plains Callitris endlicheri Black Cypress Pine This species is found in the The bark is rich in tannin. (Cupressaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 085 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Callitris glaucophylla White Cypress Pine This species is found in the Timber durable, resistant to white-ant attack, and widley used for construction. (Cupressaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 086 North-west Plains Calochilus campestris Copper Beard-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 153 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Calochilus gracillimus Slender Beard-orchid, This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Late Beard-orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 153 Calochilus robertsonii Purple Beard-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 153 North-west Slopes Calostemma purpurea Garland Lily This species is found in the Would have good potential as a later-flowering, 'Jonquil' style flower for gardens. (Amaryllidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 107 North-west Plains Cannabis sativa Indian Hemp, This species is This species is found in the The plant is the source of the narcotic Marijuana (derived mainly from the leaves, (Cannabaceae) Marijuana introduced to the following botanical regions: inflorescences and resins). The stem fibres are manufactured into hemp fabrics and fibres, Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands used for cloth and rope. volume, on page 348 All parts of the plant are narcotic. Canthium odoratum Shiny-leaved This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible. However, no record is made of the required treatments, if (Rubiaceae) Canthium, Iamboto following botanical regions: any, needed to make the fruit edible. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 500 North-west Plains Capparis arborea Tree Caper This species is found in the The seeds are in a sweet pulp, but fruit are often infested by insects rendering it inedible. (Capparaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 457 Capparis canescens Wild Orange This species is found in the Fruit would probably be edible, and the foliage is browsed by stock. It has among the (Capparaceae) following botanical regions: largest buds of the local Capparis species, and they are similar enough to the commercial North-west Slopes caper (C. spinosa) as to possibly be a suitable substitute. North-west Plains None recorded.

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Capparis lasiantha Nepine This species is found in the The fruit contains many seeds embedded in a sticky, sweet pulp. (Capparaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 456 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Capparis mitchellii Wild Orange, Native This species is found in the The fruit contains many seeds embedded in a sticky, sweet pulp. I have found that this (Capparaceae) Orange following botanical regions: species can be unappetizing, especially when infested by fruitfly. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 457 North-west Plains Capparis velutina This species is found in the The seeds are in a sweet pulp, but fruit are often infested by insects rendering it inedible. (Capparaceae) following botanical regions: North-west Plains Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse This species is This species is found in the The leaves of the basal rosette may be boiled and used as a green vegetable. They are not (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: strongly flavoured, but have little to recommend their use. There are some records of its Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands use as a medicinal herb (as a diuretic and to control bleeding). volume, on page 473 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Capsicum annuum variety This species is This species is found in the The edible Capsicum (also known as a Bell Pepper) is Capsicum annum. glabriusculum (Solanaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: The fruit of some varieties will burn the skin and inner soft tissues. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 367 Cardamine hirsuta Common Bittercress, This species is This species is found in the Recommended as a potherb, imparting a sharp, peppery taste. I find it quite pleasant to (Brassicaceae) Hairy Woodcress introduced to the following botanical regions: nibble in small quantities. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 476 Carduus nutans subspecies Nodding Thistle This species is This species is found in the The young, upright stems are reported as edible, after being stripped of their spines and nutans (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: leaves. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 321 North-west Slopes Carissa ovata (Apocynaceae) Currant Bush This species is found in the The elliptic or ovoid fruit have few seeds, and when ripe the flesh is pleasantly sweet. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 3rd volume, on page 515 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Carthamus lanatus Saffron Thistle This species is This species is found in the Related to the commercial safflower, the oil can be used for similar purposes. Oil content is (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: about 16%. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 328 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Cassytha glabella forma Devil's Twine, Dodder This species is found in the The small amount of succulent, aromatic flesh surrounding the stone is edible, but not of glabella (Lauraceae) following botanical regions: high quality. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 146 Cassytha melantha This species is found in the The small amount of succulent, aromatic flesh surrounding the stone is edible, but not of (Lauraceae) following botanical regions: high quality. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 146

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Cassytha pubescens Hairy Devil's Twine, This species is found in the The small amount of succulent, aromatic flesh surrounding the stone is edible, but not of (Lauraceae) Hairy Dodder following botanical regions: high quality. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 146 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Casuarina cristata Belah This species is found in the The roots of Casuarina species have been known to provide a source of water. (Casuarinaceae) following botanical regions: No apparent toxicity exists in this species. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 510 North-west Plains Casuarina cunninghamiana River Oak This species is found in the The roots of Casuarina species have been known to provide a source of water. The plants subspecies cunninghamiana following botanical regions: are fast growing and are very suitable for windbreaks and stabilising stream banks. The (Casuarinaceae) Northern Tablelands timber has been used in turnery and also is a good fuel. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes no apparent toxicity is known volume, on page 509 North-west Plains Caustis flexuosa Curly Wig This species is found in the Has wide use in the florist trade. (Cyperaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 321 North-west Slopes Cayratia clematidea This species is found in the The small black fruit are somewhat pleasant, but cause an irritation to the back of the (Vitaceae) following botanical regions: throat. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 044 North-west Slopes Celtis australis (Ulmaceae) Southern Nettle Tree, This species is This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental and shade tree. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st European Hackberry introduced to the following botanical regions: volume, on page 341 region. North-west Slopes Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb recommended in treating lack of appetite, anorexia and digestive (Gentianaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: disorders, with an infusion recommended for use in treating arthritis and anaemia. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 509 North-west Slopes Chenopodium album Fat Hen This species is This species is found in the Of wide use in Europe as a green vegetable and spinach substitute for thousands of years. (Chenopodiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Considered among th best of the spinach substitutes. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 220 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Chenopodium auricomum This species is found in the Similar to the related C. album, this plant is useful as (Chenopodiaceae) following botanical regions: a green vegetable, and in fact is one of the few Australian plants to have been taken to Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands Europe for use as a vegetable. volume, on page 218 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Chenopodium murale Nettle-leaf Goosefoot This species is This species is found in the This plant is of use as a green vegetable and spinach substitute. (Chenopodiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 220 North-west Plains Chiloglottis diphylla Common Ant-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 192 North-west Slopes

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This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 17 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Cissus antarctica (Vitaceae) Water Vine This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but the quality is poor and it is also inclined to cause irritation in the Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: mouth and throat. Stewing to produce a sugary conserve improves them to some extent. 3rd volume, on page 042 Northern Tablelands Cissus hypoglauca Large Water Vine This species is found in the The fruit is edible, but very variable in quality from passable to excellent. It also produces a (Vitaceae) following botanical regions: fine jelly with a slight astringency. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 042 Cissus opaca (Vitaceae) Small-leaved Water This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but likely to cause irrittation to the throat. The tuber is also reported Found in the NSW flora at: vine following botanical regions: edible, but according to some should be avoided. 3rd volume, on page 042 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Citriobatus pauciflorus Orange Thorn This species is found in the The small fruits are sweet, but may in some cases be strongly flavoured. Cribb & Cribb (Pittosporaceae) following botanical regions: recommend that they be taken in only small quantities. I have often sampled them, and Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands have yet to be displeased. 3rd volume, on page 073 Citriobatus spinescens Wallaby Apple, Large- This species is found in the Fruit are edible, but of unknown quality. (Pittosporaceae) fruited Orange Thorn following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 073 North-west Plains Citrullus lanatus variety Wild, Camel or Bitter This species is This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible. However, no record is made of the required treatments, if lanatus (Cucurbitaceae) Melon introduced to the following botanical regions: any, needed to make the fruit edible. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 443 North-west Plains Citrus limonia (Rutaceae) Rough Lemon, This species is This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but are generally inferior to cultivated individuals. Found in the NSW flora at: Rangpur Lime introduced to the following botanical regions: The oils in the foliage may cause dermatitis. 2nd volume, on page 274 region. North-west Slopes Clematis glycinoides variety Headache Vine This species is found in the The leaves when crushed release an oil so pungent as to cause a burning sensation in the glycinoides (Ranunculaceae) following botanical regions: sinuses, and any headache is quickly forgotten. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands Some species of Clematis are recorded as being somewhat toxic, and also causing volume, on page 159 North-west Slopes dermatitis. Codonocarpus attenuatus Bell-fruit Tree This species is found in the The sappy roots of the inland C. cotinifolius were used as a food by aborigines according to (Gyrostemonaceae) following botanical regions: one report. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 488 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Commelina cyanea Blue-flowered This species is found in the The plants are useful as a green vegetable in times of need. (Commelinaceae) Wandering Jew following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 258 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Commelina ensifolia Scurvy Grass This species is found in the The plants are useful as a green vegetable in times of need. (Commelinaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 259 North-west Plains Convolvulus arvensis Common Bindweed This species is This species is found in the An essence prepared from the fresh plant is recommended for constipation and fever. (Convulvulaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 383 North-west Slopes

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 18 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Conyza canadensis variety Canadian Fleabane, This species is This species is found in the A medicinal plant, used in homeopathy for treating haemorrhoids and painful menstruation, canadensis (Asteraceae) Horsetail introduced to the following botanical regions: and an infusion can be used against diahorrhoea, enteritis, dropsy and uterine bleeding. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands Also believed to kill internal worms. 3rd volume, on page 199 North-west Slopes The leaves are irritant. Coprosma hirtella Currant Bush This species is found in the The fruit are sweet, but not pleasant. (Rubiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 502 Coprosma nitida (Rubiaceae) This species is found in the The fruit are sweet, but not pleasant. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 3rd volume, on page 503 Northern Tablelands

Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant Bush This species is found in the The fruit are sweet, juicy, and would be among the better of the genus. The fruit were used (Rubiaceae) following botanical regions: during Tasmanian settlement for making puddings, although the 2 large seeds in each fruit Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands would have been a problem. 3rd volume, on page 503 Coronopus didymus Lesser Swinecress This species is This species is found in the The leaves have a strong, hot-cress flavour, and are suited to use as a herb and garnish, (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: but too strong for use on their own. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 471 North-west Plains Corybas fimbriatus Fringed Helmet-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 215 Corybas hispidus Bristly Helmet-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 214 Corybas montanus Mt Maroon Helmet- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 213 Corybas species A Sphagnum Helmet- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 215 Corydalis lutea Yellow Corydalis This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated in suitable climates. (Fumariaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 173 Corymbia gummifera Red Bloodwood This species is found in the The flowers are a useful source of nectar. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 088 Cotoneaster lacteus Rockspray This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental (Malaceae) Cotoneaster introduced to the following botanical regions: Species of Cotoneaster are recorded as being somewhat toxic. region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn This species is This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten raw or prepared into jelly, and the young leaves are edible with a (Malaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: nutty flavour. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 546 North-west Slopes Crinum flaccidum Darling Lily, This species is found in the The starchy bulb has been used as a source of arrowroot. (Amaryllidaceae) Macquarie Lily, Inland following botanical regions: All parts of the plant are somewhat toxic, and may cause dermatitis. Found in the NSW flora at: Crinum, Murray Lily North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 104 North-west Plains Cryptostylis erecta Tartan Tongue-orchid, This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy roots can be eaten. (Orchidaceae) Turban Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 220 Cryptostylis hunteriana Leafless Tongue- This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy roots can be eaten. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 220 Cryptostylis leptochila Small Tongue-orchid, This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy roots can be eaten. (Orchidaceae) Red Tongue-orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 221 Cryptostylis subulata Large Tongue-orchid, This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy roots can be eaten. (Orchidaceae) Cowslip Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 220 Cuphea hyssopifolia False Heather This species is found in the This species is much used in landscaping, and this abundant use is probably the reason it (Lythraceae) following botanical regions: will become a major stream and lawn weed in the near future. North-west Plains Cyathea australis Rough Treefern This species is found in the The soft, pithy apex of the trunk is starchy and said to provide a reasonable feed after (Cyatheaceae) following botanical regions: boiling. Records show Aboriginals would eat it either raw or baked. The process of Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands removing the apex will kill the plant. volume, on page 043 North-west Slopes

Cyathea leichhardtiana Prickly Treefern This species is found in the The soft, pithy apex of the trunk is starchy and said to provide a reasonable feed after (Cyatheaceae) following botanical regions: boiling. Records show Aboriginals would eat it either raw or baked. The process of Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands removing the apex will kill the plant. volume, on page 043 Cymbidium canaliculatum Tiger Orchid, This species is found in the The pseudobulbs are rich in starch, and while recorded as being used cooked or raw are (Orchidaceae) Channeled following botanical regions: mucilaginous and insipid. The 'arrowroot' may be removed by washing out the pounded Found in the NSW flora at: Cymbidium, Inland Northern Tablelands starch and allowing it to settle. The brown fruit are also able to be eaten. Occasionally 4th volume, on page 240 Tree Orchid, North-west Slopes cultivated as an ornamental. North-west Plains Cymbidium suave Snake Orchid, This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Slender Tree Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 241 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) Couch, Bermuda This species is found in the Widely cultivated as a lawn grass. Found in the NSW flora at: Grass following botanical regions: May cause dermatitis in some people. 4th volume, on page 522 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Cyperus bifax (Cyperaceae) This species is found in the The tubers produced on the rhizome are edible, either raw or roasted, and have also been Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: ground into a flour for use in making a porridge. 4th volume, on page 345 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Cyperus eragrostis Umbrella Sedge This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental, feature or bedding plant. (Cyperaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 339 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Cyperus rotundus Nutgrass This species is This species is found in the The tubers in this species are strongly aromatic of chest liniment, and are unpleasant to (Cyperaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: eat. The balsamic oil is able to be extracted by steam distillation, and the tubers may be Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes used in a manner similar to naphthalene in keeping insects away. Other uses of the oil 4th volume, on page 345 North-west Plains include perfumery and soaps. Cyrtostylis reniformis Gnat Orchid This species is found in the The tubers can be eaten. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 218 North-west Slopes Datura stramonium Common Thornapple, This species is This species is found in the An exceedingly toxic plant, it's use for any purpose should be avoided. (Solanaceae) Jimsonweed introduced to the following botanical regions: All parts of the plant are toxic. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 371 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Daucus carota (Apiaceae) Wild Carrot This species is This species is found in the This is the cultivated carrot, but wild forms are generally inferior to commercial forms. Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: Finely grated fresh root is active against physical and nervous exhaustion (when used over 3rd volume, on page 110 region. Northern Tablelands an extended period), dropsy and internal inflammations (and diahorrhoea). North-west Slopes Recorded as causing dermatitis in some people. Daviesia latifolia (Fabaceae This species is found in the The leaves have been used a s a hops substitute in making beer. (Faboideae)) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 475 North-west Slopes Delonix regia (Fabaceae This species is This species is found in the Frequently cultivated for floral display (Caesalpinioideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Plains 2nd volume, on page 313 Dendrobium falcorostrum Beech Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 232 Dendrobium kingianum Pink Rock Orchid, This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Pink Rocklily following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 232

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 21 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Dendrobium tarberi Rock Lily, King Orchid This species is found in the The pseudobulbs of this species and related dendrobiums are recorded as having been (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: used by the Aborigines. I presume from experience that they are baked, as raw they are Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands insipid, stringy and somewhat unpleasant. Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. 4th volume, on page 231 North-west Slopes Dendrobium x delicatum Rock Orchid This species is found in the mucus from pseudobulbs used to fix pigments, but mainly of horticultural interest (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 231 Dendrobium X gracillimum This species is found in the Mucus from stems used a pigment fixative. Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 232 Dianella caerulea variety Creeping Flax-lily, This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. assera (Phormiaceae) Long-stemmed Flax- following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: lily Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 078 Dianella caerulea variety Blueberry Flax-lily This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. caerulea (Phormiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 077 Dianella caerulea variety Blue-leaved Flax-lily This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. cinerascens (Phormiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 078 Dianella caerulea variety Creeping Blueberry, This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. producta (Phormiaceae) Creeping Flax-lily following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 077 Dianella longifolia variety Tall Flax-lily This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. longifolia (Phormiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 076 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Dianella longifolia variety Narrow-leaved Flax- This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. stenophylla (Phormiaceae) lily following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 077 North-west Slopes Dianella revoluta variety Common Flax-lily This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. revoluta (Phormiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 075 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Dianella revoluta variety Red Flax-lily This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. vinosa (Phormiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 076 North-west Slopes

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 22 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Dianella tasmanica Broad-leaved Flax-lily This species is found in the The fruit are generally edible. (Phormiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 078 Dichelachne crinita Longhair Plumegrass This species is found in the The stems have been used in papermaking. (Poaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 582 North-west Slopes Dichopogon fimbriatus Nodding Chocolate This species is found in the The flowers may be eaten, but the tuberous roots are edible and provide far more (Anthericaceae) Lily following botanical regions: sustenance. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 093 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Dichopogon strictus Chocolate Lily This species is found in the The flowers may be eaten, but the tuberous roots are edible and provide far more (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: sustenance. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 093 North-west Slopes Dicksonia antarctica Soft Treefern, This species is found in the The soft, pithy apex of the trunk is starchy and said to provide a reasonable, if astringent (Dicksoniaceae) Manfern following botanical regions: feed. Records show it to have been used raw or cooked. The process of removing the apex Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands will kill the plant. volume, on page 044 Digitalis purpurea Foxglove This species is This species is found in the The plant is the source of the heart-drug Digitalin, and is therefore deadly poisonous. (Scrophulariaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: The plant is lethally poisonous. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 573 Digitaria sanguinalis Summer Grass, Crab This species is This species is found in the The grain (caryopsis) is ground for flour. Its quality is not recorded, although it is mentinoed (Poaceae) Grass introduced to the following botanical regions: that it should be boiled. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 461 North-west Slopes Dioscorea transversa Native Yam This species is found in the The tuber is edible raw or cooked (baked or boiled), and when boiled tastes something like (Dioscoreaceae) following botanical regions: a waxy potato. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 039 Diospyros australis Black Plum This species is found in the The fruit is somewhat astringent, and although regarded as edible should only be taken in (Ebenaceae) following botanical regions: small quantities if unused to it. The fruit may be variable between plants, but all I have tried Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands leave little desire to pursue the product. volume, on page 497 Dipodium atropurpureum Purple Hyacinth This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy, thick roots are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 240 Dipodium hamiltonianum Green Hyacinth This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy, thick roots are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 239 North-west Slopes Dipodium pulchellum Dark Hyacinth Orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy, thick roots are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 239

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Dipodium punctatum Hyacinth Orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy, thick roots are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 239 Dipodium roseum Pink Hyacinth Orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy, thick roots are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 239 Dipodium variegatum Spotted Hyacinth This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy, thick roots are probably edible. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 239 North-west Slopes Diuris abbreviata Lemon Doubletail This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 144 North-west Slopes Diuris alba (Orchidaceae) White Donkey-orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 141 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Diuris chrysantha Yellow Donkey-orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 143 North-west Slopes Diuris dendrobioides Purple Donkey-orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 140 North-west Slopes Diuris goonooensis Western Donkey- This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 144 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Diuris lanceolata Snake Orchid, Golden This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Moths following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 145 Diuris pedunculata Golden Moths, Small This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Snake Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 145 Diuris punctata variety Purple Donkey-orchid This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. punctata (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 140 North-west Slopes Diuris striata (Orchidaceae) This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 140 Northern Tablelands

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Diuris sulphurea Tiger Orchid, Hornet This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 145 North-west Slopes Diuris tricolor (Orchidaceae) Tricolour Donkey This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. Found in the NSW flora at: Orchid following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 141 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Diuris venosa (Orchidaceae) Veined Doubletail, This species is found in the The fleshy, starchy tubers are edible. Found in the NSW flora at: Veined Donkey following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 145 Orchid, Goat Orchid. Northern Tablelands Dockrillia cucumerina Cucumber Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 229 North-west Slopes Dockrillia fairfaxii Mountain Rat's-tail This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Orchid, Streaked following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Rat's-tail Orchid Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 230 Dockrillia linguiformis Tongue Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 229 North-west Slopes Dockrillia mortii Short Pencil Orchid, This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Hanging Pencil following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Orchid Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 230 Dockrillia pugioniformis Dagger Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 231 Dodonaea boroniifolia Boronia-leaved Hop- This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) bush following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 305 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Dodonaea falcata Pine-leaved Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 305 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Dodonaea heteromorpha This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 307 North-west Plains Dodonaea hirsuta Hairy Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 307 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Dodonaea lanceolata variety This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subsessilifolia (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 304 Dodonaea megazyga Fern-leaved Hop- This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) bush following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 308 Dodonaea peduncularis This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 305 North-west Plains Dodonaea rhombifolia This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 307 North-west Slopes Dodonaea serratifolia Toothed Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 305 Dodonaea sinuolata Fern-leaved Hop- This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies sinuolata bush following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) North-west Slopes Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 2nd volume, on page 306 Dodonaea stenophylla This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 307 Dodonaea triangularis This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 308 North-west Plains Dodonaea triquetra 3-winged Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for (Sapindaceae) following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 304 North-west Slopes Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies angustifolia following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 303 North-west Plains Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies angustissima following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 303 North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop-bush This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies burmanniana following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 2nd volume, on page 303 Dodonaea viscosa This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies cuneata following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) North-west Plains Found in the NSW flora at: 2nd volume, on page 304 Dodonaea viscosa This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies mucronata following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) North-west Slopes Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 2nd volume, on page 304 Dodonaea viscosa This species is found in the At one stage the fruit of various Dodonaea species were used as a successful substitute for subspecies spatulata following botanical regions: hops in the beer-brewing process. (Sapindaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 304 North-west Plains Doryphora sassafras Sassafras This species is found in the The bark has been used to produce a tea substitute and tonic, but its use is limited by its (Monimiaceae) following botanical regions: bitterness and the presence of the toxic alkaloid Doryphorine. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 131 Drosera auriculata Climbing Sundew This species is found in the The tubers may be edible. (Droseraceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 494 Drosera binata Forked Sundew This species is found in the Of interest to carnivorous plant collectors. (Droseraceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 495 Drosera burmannii Burmann's Sundew This species is found in the Of interest to carnivorous plant collectors. (Droseraceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 495 Drosera glanduligera Pimpernel Sundew This species is found in the Of interest to carnivorous plant collectors. (Droseraceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 495 Drosera peltata Hairy Climbing This species is found in the The tubers may be edible. In India the tubers are used as a source of dye, giving silk a fast, (Droseraceae) Sundew following botanical regions: rich brown colour. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 494 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Drymophila moorei Orange Berry, Native This species is found in the Has limited potential in the horticultural trade in cooler areas as a native replacement for (Luzuriagaceae) Solomon's Seal following botanical regions: the very similar Solomon's Seal. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 044

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Duboisia myoporoides Corkwood This species is found in the The leaves were used by the Aborigines to produce a stupefying drink, owing largely to the (Solanaceae) following botanical regions: presence of the drug hyoscine, for which this plant is a major natural source. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 343 Echinochloa colona Awnless Barnyard This species is found in the Raw or cooked, the plant is reported to be edible, although treatments that may be required (Poaceae) Grass following botanical regions: are not recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 475 North-west Plains Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard Grass This species is This species is found in the Raw or cooked, the plant is reported to be edible, although treatments that may be required (Poaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: are not recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 475 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Echium vulgare Viper's Bugloss This species is This species is found in the A herb that may be cooked and treated like spinach, using the young leaves and stems (Boraginaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: before flowering. It has also been used in treating snakebite, epilepsy and neural disorders. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands In the Tyrol it is recommended people avoid eating it as it is reputed to stimulate sexual 3rd volume, on page 398 North-west Slopes desire. North-west Plains Recorded as toxic, and of causing dermatitis. Ehretia acuminata variety Koda This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible, and raw they are a fleshy, somewhat sweet berry. That acuminata (Boraginaceae) following botanical regions: they are often available in large quantities from lower branches is probably their greatest Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands value. 3rd volume, on page 388 Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth, Lilac This species is This species is found in the The plant may be eaten, buut is fibrous and almost flavourless. The young inflorescence is (Pontederiaceae) Devil introduced to the following botanical regions: recommended as the most tender part. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Plains 4th volume, on page 250 Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible. However, no record is made of the required treatments, if (Elaeocarpaceae) following botanical regions: any, needed to make the fruit edible. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 317 Eleusine indica (Poaceae) Crowsfoot Grass This species is This species is found in the The grain (caryopsis) is ground for flour. Its quality is not recorded. The fact that the plant Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: can be toxic suggests caution be employed. 4th volume, on page 529 region. Northern Tablelands Elytrigia repens (Poaceae) English Couch, Quick This species is This species is found in the A decoction of the rhizome is used to treat bronchial catarrhs, arthritis, rheumatism, cystitis Found in the NSW flora at: Grass, Twitch Grass introduced to the following botanical regions: and skin disorders. 4th volume, on page 602 region. Northern Tablelands Emex australis Spiny Emex, This species is This species is found in the The young growth and leaves may be boiled as a spinach substitute, but is very bitter. The (Polygonaceae) Doublegee, 3- introduced to the following botanical regions: plant accumulates oxalates, so care should be taken with its use. It is also noted to be a Found in the NSW flora at: 1st cornered Jacks region. Northern Tablelands mild laxative. volume, on page 293 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Enchylaena tomentosa Ruby Saltbush This species is found in the The fruit are sweet and pleasant to eat. The foliage is also noted as edible, although a high (Chenopodiaceae) following botanical regions: oxalate record suggests that caution be used when trying it. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 225 North-west Plains Eremocitrus glauca Desert Lime, This species is found in the The fruit are edible, and are widely used for their refreshing properties in jams, preserves (Rutaceae) Limebush following botanical regions: and drinks. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 273 North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Eremophila bignoniiflora Eurah, Bignonia This species is found in the Often cut for fodder during drought times. (Myoporaceae) Emubush following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 542 North-west Plains Eremophila debilis Winter Apple, Amulla This species is found in the The pinkish-purple fruit are edible, but somewhat bitter. (Myoporaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 543 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Eremophila longifolia Berrigan, Emubush This species is found in the Cut for stock fodder during periods of drought. The leaves were recorded as being used to (Myoporaceae) following botanical regions: tan leather by the Aborigines. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 546 North-west Plains Eremophila mitchellii Budda, False This species is found in the Often cut for fodder during drought times. There is an oil in the foliage which may be used (Myoporaceae) Sandalwood following botanical regions: as a substitute for sandalwood oil. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 543 North-west Plains Eriochilus cucullatus Smooth-leaf Parson's- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) bands, Large following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Parson's-bands Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 211 North-west Slopes Erodium crinitum Blue Storksbill, Blue This species is found in the The rhizome is reportedly edible after cooking. However, no mention is made of further (Geraniaceae) Crowfoot following botanical regions: treatments may be required. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 028 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Eschscholzia californica Californian Poppy This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental bedding plant, particularly in drier climates. (Papaveraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 170 Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum, River This species is found in the Seeds are edible, although the treatment is not recorded. They may have been soaked and (Myrtaceae) Gum following botanical regions: then ground. Also known to house lerp-making Psyllids. The tree is a valuable inland timber Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes tree and probably the most widespread of the Australian trees. 2nd volume, on page 101 North-west Plains The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer forms. Eucalyptus dives (Myrtaceae) Broad-leaved This species is found in the Some forms of this species are very high in essential oils (cineole and piperitone), and Found in the NSW flora at: Peppermint following botanical regions: sucker well, leading to a repeated cutting of the same crop over many years. 2nd volume, on page 132 Northern Tablelands The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer forms. Eucalyptus goniocalyx Bundy This species is found in the A eucalypt with a high cineole content in the leaves, and exploited to a limited extent for (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: that. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer 2nd volume, on page 106 North-west Slopes forms. Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red Stringybark This species is found in the The leaves contain a dye which gives an olive to khaki colour. The dyeing substance is (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: also the drug rutin, and the species is exploited as a source of that in a limited commercial Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands way. 2nd volume, on page 125 North-west Slopes The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer forms.

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Eucalyptus polyanthemos Red Box This species is found in the A eucalypt with a reasonably high cineole content in the oil, and exploited to some extent (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: for that purpose. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer 2nd volume, on page 119 forms. Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaved This species is found in the The species is among the more important sources of the cineole rich oils. subspecies radiata Peppermint following botanical regions: The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer (Myrtaceae) Northern Tablelands forms. Found in the NSW flora at: 2nd volume, on page 131 Eucalyptus radiata Narrow-leaved This species is found in the The species is among the more important sources of the cineole rich oils. subspecies sejuncta Peppermint following botanical regions: The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer (Myrtaceae) Northern Tablelands forms. Found in the NSW flora at: 2nd volume, on page 131 Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum This species is found in the The species is known to host psyllids which will produce lerp. The species is also an (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: important timber tree. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer 2nd volume, on page 099 North-west Slopes forms. Eucalyptus viminalis Ribbon Gum This species is found in the The leaves are a common source of manna, produced by the insects feeding on the (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: leaves. The material may be collected from below the tree. The timber is able to be milled. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands The oils in eucalypts can range from irritant to toxic, more so in larger quantities and purer 2nd volume, on page 112 North-west Slopes forms.

Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge, Radium This species is This species is found in the Noted by some as a remedy against 'sunspots' on the skin, the white latex is applied to the (Euphorbiaceae) Plant introduced to the following botanical regions: skin mark. Its effectiveness is noted, but further complications are unknown. It is also Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes recommended that spots should be investigated by your doctor. Use of this plant is now volume, on page 426 North-west Plains obsolete in both allelopathy and homeopathy. The plants are noted as somewhat toxic, and the latex may cause dermatitis. Eupomatia laurina Bolwarra This species is found in the The fruit is soft when ripe, and the sticky pulp enveloping th seeds is sweet and pleasant to (Eupomatiaceae) following botanical regions: eat. I recommend sucking the seeds for some time after swallowing the pulp as the taste Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands then remains pleasant for some time afterwards. volume, on page 124 Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry This species is found in the The flesh of the fruit is sweet and crisp, but scarce. The tubers are developed on the roots, (Luzuriagaceae (or following botanical regions: each about 1 cm across, and often plentiful. They are crisp, white and pleasant, the earthy geitonoplesiaceae)) Northern Tablelands flavour would probably be reduced by cooking. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 043 Exocarpos aphyllus Leafless Ballart This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible. However, no record is made of the required treatments, if (Santalaceae) following botanical regions: any, needed to make the fruit edible. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 057 North-west Plains Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart, Native This species is found in the The fleshy receptacle (stalk) is delicious when ripe (and then red in colour, not yellow). (Santalaceae) Cherry following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 057 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Exocarpos nanus Alpine Ballart This species is found in the The fleshy receptacle (stalk) is delicious when ripe (and then red in colour, not yellow). (Santalaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 056 Exocarpos strictus Dwarf Cherry This species is found in the The fleshy receptacle (stalk) is delicious when ripe (and then red in colour, not yellow). (Santalaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 057 Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheat This species is This species is found in the Cultivated for grain. The leaves and shoots of fruiting plants have been used as a medicinal (Polygonaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: herb, effective against eczema and liver disorders Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Plains volume, on page 288 Ficus carica (Moraceae) Fig, Edible Fig This species is This species is found in the The plant is cultivated for the edible fruit introduced to the following botanical regions: The latex may cause dermatitis. region. North-west Slopes Ficus coronata (Moraceae) Creek Sandpaper Fig This species is found in the The figs are edible, and among the best quality of the native species. Rub away the furry Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: coating with the fingers, or roughly split in half and squeeze out the pleasant tasting, volume, on page 344 Northern Tablelands somewhat grainy flesh. The leaves have been used as a sandpaper substitute. North-west Slopes The latex may cause dermatitis. Ficus rubiginosa (Moraceae) Port Jackson Fig, This species is found in the The fruit are edible, and the compact cluster of leaves at the tip of the stem may be boiled Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Rusty Fig following botanical regions: before making an acceptable vegetable. volume, on page 345 Northern Tablelands The latex may cause dermatitis. North-west Slopes North-west Plains Foeniculum vulgare Fennel This species is This species is found in the The leaves and fruit provide an aniseed flavour, and the species was introduced to (Apiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Australia as a culinary herb. It is also used as a medicinal herb, with activities including Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands duiretic and expectorant, and to relieve spasms and flatulence. 3rd volume, on page 109 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Ash This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultiated for the striking, reddish or coppery autumn tones of the foliage. subspecies angustifolia introduced to the following botanical regions: The species in Fraxinus are noted as causing dermatitis. (Oleaceae) region. Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 470 Freesia hybrida (Iridaceae) Freesia This species is This species is found in the Cultivated as an ornamental and for naturalising into lawns. Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 128 region. North-west Slopes Fumaria capreolata Climbing Fumitory This species is This species is found in the occasionally cultivated, and a weed of crops subspecies capreolata introduced to the following botanical regions: (Fumariaceae) region. North-west Slopes Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Plains volume, on page 174 Fumaria densiflora Narrow-leaved This species is This species is found in the occasionally cultivated, and a weed of crops (Fumariaceae) Funitory introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 175 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Fumaria indica This species is This species is found in the occasionally cultivated, and a weed of crops (Fumariaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 174 North-west Plains Fumaria parviflora Small-flowered This species is This species is found in the occasionally cultivated, and a weed of crops (Fumariaceae) Fumitory introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 175 Gahnia aspera (Cyperaceae) This species is found in the The leaves and shoots of Gahnia species are noted in some literature as being edible, Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: although no records of treatments needed before eating are recorded. The seeds of this 4th volume, on page 325 Northern Tablelands species are recorded as being ground, but the effort required is great. North-west Slopes North-west Plains Gahnia melanocarpa This species is found in the The leaves and shoots of Gahnia species are noted in some literature as being edible, (Cyperaceae) following botanical regions: although no records of treatments needed before eating are recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 324 Gahnia microstachya This species is found in the The leaves and shoots of Gahnia species are noted in some literature as being edible, (Cyperaceae) following botanical regions: although no records of treatments needed before eating are recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 326 Gahnia sieberiana Large Saw-sedge This species is found in the The leaves and shoots of Gahnia species are noted in some literature as being edible, (Cyperaceae) following botanical regions: although no records of treatments needed before eating are recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 324 Gahnia subaequiglumis This species is found in the The leaves and shoots of Gahnia species are noted in some literature as being edible, (Cyperaceae) following botanical regions: although no records of treatments needed before eating are recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 325 Galinsoga parviflora Gallant Soldier, Joey This species is This species is found in the The whole plant (except the roots) may be used a s a green vegetable, although with little (Asteraceae) Hooker introduced to the following botanical regions: taste. The younger plants are the least stringy. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 281 North-west Slopes Galium aparine (Rubiaceae) Goosegrass, Cleavers This species is This species is found in the The young shoots, while being not particularly delicious, have been used as a green Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: vegetable, and the leaves later in the season have been dried for use as a tea substitute. 3rd volume, on page 484 region. Northern Tablelands IN some parts of the USA the seeds have been roasted as a coffee substitute. North-west Slopes North-west Plains Gastrodia procera Large Potato Orchid, This species is found in the The tuber is edible, and reportedly formed a mainstay of the diet for the Tasmanian (Orchidaceae) Large Cinnamon Bells following botanical regions: Aborigines. The cooked tuber is described as 'like beetroot, but watery and insipid'. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 224 Gastrodia sesamoides Potato Orchid, This species is found in the The tuber is edible, and reportedly formed a mainstay of the diet for the Tasmanian (Orchidaceae) Cinnamon Bells following botanical regions: Aborigines. The cooked tuber is described as 'like beetroot, but watery and insipid'. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 224 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Gaultheria appressa White Waxberry This species is found in the The swollen calyx of the flower is succulent, surrounding the seed at maturity. It is (Ericaceae) following botanical regions: somewhat bitter and has little to recommend it as a food. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 400 Gaultheria species A Green Waxberry This species is found in the The swollen calyx of the flower is succulent, surrounding the seed at maturity. It is (viridicarpa) viridicarpa following botanical regions: somewhat bitter and has little to recommend it as a food. (Ericaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 3rd volume, on page 400 Geijera parviflora (Rutaceae) Wilga This species is found in the The plants are able to be used as fodder (although some individuals are apparently Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: unpalatable), and the Texas (USA) the species is widely cultivated as a shade tree. 2nd volume, on page 266 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Geitonoplesium cymosum Scrambling Lily This species is found in the The uppermost 30 cm section of a young Asparagus-like tip, soon after emerging from the (Luzuriagaceae (or following botanical regions: ground is tender and has an excellent flavour, according to the Cribbs quite unlike geitonoplesiaceae)) Northern Tablelands Asparagus, for which it was used in settlement days as a substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 043 Genoplesium archeri Variable Midge-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 166 Genoplesium filiforme This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 167 Genoplesium fimbriatum Fringed Midge-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 168 Genoplesium nudiscapum Dense Midge-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 165 Genoplesium nudum Tiny Midge-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 166 Genoplesium pedersonii This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 165 Genoplesium rufum Red Midge-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 165

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Geranium solanderi variety Native Geranium This species is found in the The starchy taproot may be eaten after roasting, but is bitter. Some forms are noted to grande (Geraniaceae) following botanical regions: have a turnip-like flavour. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 026 Geranium solanderi variety Native Geranium This species is found in the The starchy taproot may be eaten after roasting, but is bitter. Some forms are noted to solanderi (Geraniaceae) following botanical regions: have a turnip-like flavour. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 026 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Geum urbanum (Rosaceae) This species is found in the Both the dried roots and the whole flowering plant have been recorded as a medicinal herb, Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: with properties including it being antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, a digestant, and volume, on page 536 Northern Tablelands an anti-diahorrhoeal. It is mainly used as an infusion, or in the bathwater against open wounds and haemorrhoids. Gladiolus carneus (Iridaceae) Pink Gladiolus This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: It is recorded as being somewhat toxic, and also causing dermatitis. 4th volume, on page 125 region. North-west Slopes

Glossodia major Large Waxlip Orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 210 North-west Slopes Glycine tabacina (Fabaceae This species is found in the The starchy taproot is reported to taste of licorice, but is often fibrous and without (Faboideae)) following botanical regions: appreciable flavour. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 419 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Grevillea mollis (Proteaceae) This species is found in the A very suitable subject for cultivation, with attractive foliage, habit and flowers, although the following botanical regions: latter are often hidden. Northern Tablelands Grevillea species are recorded as causing dermatitis in some people. Grevillea rhizomatosa This species is found in the Rarely cultured, and of little interest except to collectors. (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Grevillea species are recorded as causing dermatitis in some people. Northern Tablelands Grevillea robusta Silky Oak This species is found in the The flowers are rich in nectar, and have also been used to produce an intoxicating drink as (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: it is reported that the nectar will ferment in the flowers or in a solution made from them. The Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes timber is a widely used cabinet timber. 2nd volume, on page 053 Grevillea species are recorded as causing dermatitis in some people, the sap in silky oak being noted as quite irritant. Gymnostachys anceps Settler's Flax This species is found in the Was trialled as an unsuccessful flax substitute during colonial times. (Araceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 032 Haemodorum planifolium Broadleaf Bloodroot This species is found in the See comment in H. tenuifolium about edibility. Some (Haemodoraceae) following botanical regions: species of Haemodorum are used as a source of a deep red dye. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 248 North-west Slopes Hakea decurrens This species is found in the Widely cultivated as a prickly hedge plant. (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 060

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Hakea eriantha (Proteaceae) This species is found in the The flowers are able to be used a s a source of nectar. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 2nd volume, on page 062 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Hakea fraseri (Proteaceae) Fraser's Hakea This species is found in the The flowers are able to be used a s a source of scant nectar. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 2nd volume, on page 058 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Hakea pulvinifera Keepit Hakea This species is found in the The flowers are able to be used a s a source of scant nectar. (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 057 Hakea tephrosperma Hooked Needlewood This species is found in the The flowers are able to be used a s a source of scant nectar. The timber has limited use in (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: wood-turning. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 059 North-west Plains Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsparilla This species is found in the The boiled leaves provide a slightly sweet, not unpleasant drink. The flowers can be used (Fabaceae (Faboideae)) following botanical regions: to yield a grey-blue dye. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 421 North-west Slopes Hedera helix (Araliaceae) English Ivy This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb with a slight sedative action, but also used as an expectorant. The young Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: and dried leaves are prepared as an infusion, and also as a poulticxe to burns and 3rd volume, on page 080 region. Northern Tablelands suppurating cuts. Note that the fruit are poisonous. North-west Slopes The fruit and foliage are poisonous, and the foliage may also cause dermatitis. Hibiscus heterophyllus Native Rosella This species is found in the A decoction of hibiscus is recorded as being used against coughs and colds, and the subspecies heterophyllus following botanical regions: flowers and buds are edible. A jam made of this species has little flavour. The young (Malvaceae) Northern Tablelands shoots are edible raw or cooked, with a pleasantly acid taste. Roots are roasted. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st volume, on page 329 Hibiscus sturtii variety sturtii Hill Hibiscus This species is found in the Young leaves and stems are edible, as are the flowers and buds. These may be eaten raw (Malvaceae) following botanical regions: or cooked. Young roots may be baked, but are fibrous. A decoction is used against coughs Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes and colds. volume, on page 330 North-west Plains Hibiscus trionum Bladder Ketmia This species is found in the Young leaves and stems are edible, as are the flowers and buds. These may be eaten raw (Malvaceae) following botanical regions: or cooked. Young roots may be baked, but are fibrous. A decoction is used against coughs Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands and colds. volume, on page 330 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Homoranthus flavescens This species is found in the Crushed leaves yield an essential oil with a scent of bananas. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 188 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla, Water Thyme This species is found in the Widely used in the aquarium trade. (Hydrocharitaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 016

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Hydrocotyle algida This species is found in the Although eaten as a salad green, many Hydrocotyle species have a strong taste and are (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: not particularly pleasant in larger quantities. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 101 Hydrocotyle geraniifolia Forest Pennywort This species is found in the Although eaten as a salad green, many Hydrocotyle species have a strong taste and are (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: not particularly pleasant in larger quantities. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 099 Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort This species is found in the Although eaten as a salad green, many Hydrocotyle species have a strong taste and are (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: not particularly pleasant in larger quantities. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 100 North-west Slopes Hydrocotyle peduncularis This species is found in the Although eaten as a salad green, many Hydrocotyle species have a strong taste and are (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: not particularly pleasant in larger quantities. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 101 Hydrocotyle tripartita Pennywort This species is found in the Although eaten as a salad green, many Hydrocotyle species have a strong taste and are (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: not particularly pleasant in larger quantities. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 100 North-west Slopes Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort This species is This species is found in the As a medicinal herb (taken as an infusion), it is reputed to control depression, melancholia (Clusiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: and migraines when used over an extended period, and as a poultice on wounds. It is used Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands in some commercial (proprietary) medicines. volume, on page 491 North-west Slopes The oils can cause photosensitivity in the skin. Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Catsear This species is This species is found in the The young leaves are suitable for use as a salad green, lacking much of the bitterness of (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: the Dandelion with which it is frequently confused. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 332 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Hypochaeris radicata Catsear, Flatweed This species is This species is found in the The young leaves are suitable for use as a salad green, lacking much of the bitterness of (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: the Dandelion with which it is frequently confused. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 333 North-west Slopes Hypoxis hygrometrica variety Golden Weather- This species is found in the The starchy stem was eaten raw by the Aborigines. The crystals of calcium oxalate it hygrometrica (Hypoxidaceae) grass following botanical regions: contains make it likely to cause throat irritation. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 072 North-west Slopes Hypoxis hygrometrica variety Highland Weather- This species is found in the The starchy stem was eaten raw by the Aborigines. The crystals of Calcium Oxalate it splendida (Hypoxidaceae) grass following botanical regions: contains make it inclined to cause throat irritation. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 072 Hypoxis hygrometrica variety Hairy Weather-grass This species is found in the The starchy stem was eaten raw by the Aborigines. The crystals of Calcium Oxalate it villosisepala (Hypoxidaceae) following botanical regions: contains make it inclined to cause throat irritation. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 072 North-west Slopes Imperata cylindrica variety Blady Grass This species is found in the The underground rhizomes are fibrous but pleasant to chew. They are a potential survival major (Poaceae) following botanical regions: food. In Malaysia the stems have been used for the extraction of sugar and in the Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands preparation of a kind of beer. 4th volume, on page 432 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Indigofera linifolia (Fabaceae This species is found in the The plentiful pods contain a single seed, and although able to be eaten raw are better (Faboideae)) following botanical regions: when ground into a flour and used in a damper or pancake. They would satisfy as survival Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes food, but little more. 2nd volume, on page 408 North-west Plains The plant material is an internal poison. Indigofera spicata (Fabaceae Creeping Indigo This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated. (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: The plant material is an internal poison. region. North-west Slopes Iris germanica (Iridaceae) Tall Bearded Iris, This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated as an ornamental bedding plant. Has had medicinal use as a diuretic and Found in the NSW flora at: German Iris introduced to the following botanical regions: purgative, but was not particularly effective. 4th volume, on page 119 region. North-west Slopes The leaves and rhizomes are poisonous. Jasminum mesneyi Primrose Jasmine This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated, and particularly useful for developing as a hedge. (Oleaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: region. North-west Slopes Jasminum polyanthum Jasmine This species is This species is found in the Often cultivated for the heady scent. (Oleaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: region. Northern Tablelands Juniperus virginiana Pencil Cedar This species is This species is found in the Cultivated as an ornamental tree, mainly under the synonymous name Juniperus (Cupressaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: virginiana. region. North-west Slopes The species of Juniperus are somewhat toxic. Kennedia rubicunda Red Kennedy Pea This species is found in the The leaves produce a slightly sweet, not unpalatable drink quite unlike tea. (Fabaceae (Faboideae)) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 420 Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) Prickly Lettuce This species is This species is found in the Although young stems and unopened flower heads can be used a s a green (raw or Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: cooked) they are very bitter. The plants have medicinal use, and are noted as a sedative 3rd volume, on page 339 region. Northern Tablelands and narcotic, useful in treating coughs, liver and urinary ailments, and flatulence. The oil is North-west Slopes harvested from the seed in Sudan, and used as a substitute for sesame oil. North-west Plains Lambertia formosa Mountain Devil, This species is found in the The flowers are a useful source of nectar, the whole inflorescence is picked, and the (Proteaceae) Honeyflower following botanical regions: bottom is pinched off so the nectar can be sucked out of the tubular flowers. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 066 Lathyrus odoratus (Fabaceae Sweet Pea This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated for the spectacular floral display. (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: The fruit and foliage are toxic if eaten. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 449 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Lepidium campestre Field Cress This species is This species is found in the Leaves and shoots may be chopped finely and used in salads as a substitute for (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: watercress, and the seeds and fruit may be used as a seasoning herb with game meats. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 468 North-west Slopes Lepidium hyssopifolium Peppercress This species is found in the The leaves have a hot, cressy taste and as such are suitable for use as a garnish or herb. (Brassicaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 470 Lepidium virginicum Virginian Peppercress This species is This species is found in the The leaves have a hot, cressy taste and as such are suitable for use as a garnish or herb. (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 469

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Leptospermum petersonii Lemon-scented This species is found in the A species rich in two oils, citral and citronellal, which lends the distinctive lemon-scent to subspecies petersonii Teatree following botanical regions: the foliage. Exploited to an extent for oil, although moreso offshore. Most of the product (Myrtaceae) Northern Tablelands used in Australia is imported from Kenya where this species is grown in extesive Found in the NSW flora at: plantations. 2nd volume, on page 164 Leucopogon attenuatus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 428 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Leucopogon biflorus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 430 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Leucopogon cicatricatus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 426 Leucopogon confertus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 428 Leucopogon fraseri This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 431 Leucopogon hookeri This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 425 Leucopogon juniperinus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 429 Leucopogon lanceolatus This species is found in the The fruit are swet, succulent berries, and provide a welcome snack when in sufficient variety gracilis (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: quantity, or a tasty nibble along the walking track. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 427 Leucopogon lanceolatus This species is found in the The fruit are swet, succulent berries, and provide a welcome snack when in sufficient variety lanceolatus following botanical regions: quantity, or a tasty nibble along the walking track. (Epacridaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 427 Leucopogon melaleucoides This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 426 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Leucopogon microphyllus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. variety microphyllus following botanical regions: (Epacridaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 3rd volume, on page 426 Leucopogon microphyllus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. variety pilibundus following botanical regions: (Epacridaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 3rd volume, on page 426 Leucopogon muticus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 431 North-west Slopes Leucopogon neo-anglicus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 430 North-west Slopes Leucopogon pilifer This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 424 Leucopogon trichostylus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 431 Leucopogon virgatus This species is found in the The fruit may be edible. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 426 North-west Slopes Libertia paniculata Tufted White-star This species is found in the Has great potential for ornamental use. (Iridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 116 Libertia pulchella (Iridaceae) Creek White-star, This species is found in the Has great potential for ornamental use. Found in the NSW flora at: Creeping White-star following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 116 Northern Tablelands Limonium sinuatum Perennial Sea This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Occasionally naturalised. (Plumbaginaceae) Lavender, Statice introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 375 Linum marginale (Linaceae) Native Flax, Wild Flax This species is found in the The seeds have little flavour, but are recorded as an aboriginal food source. Care is Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: advised if the cyanide generation is true. 3rd volume, on page 016 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Linum usitatissimum Flax, Linseed This species is This species is found in the This is the source of commercial flax and linseed (Linaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: This species may cause dermatitis. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 016 North-west Plains Liparis coelogynoides Tree Fairy Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 226 Liparis reflexa (Orchidaceae) Yellow Rock Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 227 Northern Tablelands Liparis swenssonii Green Rock Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 227 Liriope muscari Grape Hyacinth This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated (Convallariaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: region. North-west Slopes Lissanthe strigosa Peach Heath This species is found in the The honey-flavoured, succulent fruit are well worth seeking from among the prickly plants. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 418 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat- This species is found in the The flowers are edible, being somewhat like green peas with a floral tone. Flowers are also (Lomandraceae) rush, Lomandra following botanical regions: able to be used as the basis for a pleasant drink, and the youngest, soft, white leaf base Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands can be nibbled, again tasting of peas. 4th volume, on page 056 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Lomatia silaifolia Crinkle Bush, Parsley This species is found in the The flowers are able to be used a s a source of scant nectar, although it should be avoided (Proteaceae) bush following botanical regions: as the flowers also contain prussic acid and is known to kill flies visiting the flowers. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 028 North-west Slopes Lonicera fragrantissima Winter honeysuckle This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated, and considered the most highly perfumed of the shrubby loniceras, (Caprifoliaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: this species is very rarely naturalised. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 447 Lythrum hyssopifolia Hyssop Loosestrife This species is found in the A medicinal herb with astringent and anti-bleeding properties, being used as a poultice, or (Lythraceae) following botanical regions: as an infusion. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 200 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Maclura cochinchinensis Cockspur Thorn This species is found in the The compound fruit is sweet and juicy, quite edible, but sadly also a haven for fruit flies. (Moraceae) following botanical regions: The wood can be used as a source of a yellow dye, and is widely used for batik. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 343 Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) Osage Orange This species is This species is found in the Cultivated, mainly as a shelter, windbreak and hedge. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: volume, on page 343 region. North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Macrozamia communis Burrawang This species is found in the Seeds edible after extensive preparation. Toxic unless treated. (Zamiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 076 North-west Plains Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi Burrawang This species is found in the Seeds edible after extensive preparation. Toxic unless treated. subspecies plurinervia following botanical regions: (Zamiaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 078 Macrozamia stenomera Burrawang This species is found in the Seeds edible after extensive preparation. Toxic unless treated. (Zamiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 077 North-west Slopes Malva neglecta (Malvaceae) Dwarf Mallow This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and edible herb, this plant is reputed to be effective as an anti-inflammatory, Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: expectorant and mild purgative. The flowers and leaves are prepared into a decoction. volume, on page 324 region. Northern Tablelands Young leaves and shoots may be used as a salad vegetable. Marrubium vulgare Horehound This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb, used in the treatment of bronchial cgtarrhs and abdominalal disorders. (Lamiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: The plant may also be applied as a poultice to slow-healing cuts and wounds. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 639 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Marsdenia flavescens Hairy Milk Vine This species is found in the The tuber is edible appearing like horseradish and of sweet taste, but requires careful (Asclepiadaceae) following botanical regions: preparation, else it 'occasioned violent spasms, cramps in the bowels and sickness at the Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands stomach' (Hunter, 1788 in Cribb & Cribb). 3rd volume, on page 535 Marsdenia viridiflora Native Pear This species is found in the The tuber is edible, reportedly watery and sweetish. On Groote Eylandt the fruit are peeled (Asclepiadaceae) following botanical regions: and eaten raw or cooked. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 536 Marsilea angustifolia Nardoo This species is found in the Sporocarps ground and eaten (Marsileaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 070 North-west Plains Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo This species is found in the Sporocarps ground and eaten, making a bland, somewhat astringent flour. (Marsileaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 070 North-west Plains Marsilea hirsuta Nardoo This species is found in the Sporocarps ground and eaten (Marsileaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 070 North-west Plains Marsilea mutica Nardoo This species is found in the Sporocarps ground and eaten, making a somewhat bland flour. (Marsileaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Plains volume, on page 070 Medicago sativa (Fabaceae Lucerne, Alfalfa This species is This species is found in the Plain Alfalfa tea is 'reminiscent of boiled socks', but is vastly improved by the addition of tea (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: or the leaves of leptospermums or melaleucas. The germinating seeds are eaten as a Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes salad dish, and the plant forms a major fodder source. 2nd volume, on page 454

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Medicago scutellata Snail Medic This species is This species is found in the Cultivated as a fodder plant and as part of improved pasture. (Fabaceae (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 454 Melaleuca alternifolia Teatree This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. This species is also the source of commercial 'Melaleuca Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands Oil', a powerful natural antiseptic oil. 2nd volume, on page 176 The oil is irritant, more so in large quantity. Melaleuca armillaris This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 178 North-west Slopes Melaleuca bracteata This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. The oil is unlike that of many other Myrtaceae relatives, in Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands that it is rich in methyl eugenol, a chemical which enhances the potency of insecticides like 2nd volume, on page 177 North-west Slopes pyrethrum sprays, and may be used to produce synthetic vanillin. It is also an oil that is North-west Plains heavier than water. Melaleuca densispicata This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 176 North-west Plains Melaleuca erubescens This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 178 North-west Plains Melaleuca groveana This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 177 Melaleuca nodosa This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 177 North-west Slopes Melaleuca styphelioides Prickly-leaved This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) Teatree following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 177 North-west Slopes Melaleuca thymifolia Thyme-leaved This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) Bottlebrush following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. The oil produced is a high yield, good quality cineole oil, Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes comparable with the better eucalyptus oils 2nd volume, on page 175 Melaleuca tortifolia Twist-leaf Paperbark This species is found in the Flowers may be dipped in water to produce a sweet drink from the nectar, or the leaves (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: may be used as a tea substitute. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 175

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Melaleuca trichostachya This species is found in the Widely recommended for planting, and often incorrectly labelled as the similar M. linariifolia. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 176 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Melaleuca uncinata Broombush This species is found in the Often cut and dried for use as brush fencing. Flowers may be dipped into water to produce (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: a sweet nectar drink. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 176 North-west Plains Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) White Cedar, This species is found in the The timber is light and easily worked, making it a desirable cabinet timber. Found in the NSW flora at: Chinaberry following botanical regions: All parts of the plant are toxic. 2nd volume, on page 279 North-west Slopes

Melianthus major Cape Honey Flower This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Melianthaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: The foliage and other parts of the plant are quite toxic. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 310 Melichrus procumbens Jam Tarts This species is found in the The small flowers produce an abundance of nectar that can be collected from the opening (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: of the flowers early in the morning and is produced in such abundance that the plant is Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands worth searching for. 3rd volume, on page 416 Melichrus urceolatus Urn Heath This species is found in the The small flowers produce an abundance of nectar that can be collected from the opening (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: of the flowers early in the morning. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 416 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Melilotus officinalis Common Melilot This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb with effects such as being a mild sedative, mild expectorant, emollient, (Fabaceae (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: anti-inflammatory and to relieve spasms. The dried material is prepared as an infusion. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 451 Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and culinary herb, used for asthma, coughs, stomach and abdominal disorders (Lamiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: and arthritis. For medicinal use it is prepared as an infusion, while as a culinary herb it is Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands used as a garnish on potatoes, and in soups and stews. 3rd volume, on page 632 Microtis parviflora Slender Onion-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 154 Microtis unifolia Common Onion- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 155 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Moluccella laevis Molucca Balm This species is This species is found in the cultivated (Lamiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 640 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Morinda jasminoides Climbing Scrub- This species is found in the The softened, overripe fruit has a 'rotten-cheese' flavour. (Rubiaceae) orange following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 497 Morus alba (Moraceae) Mulberry, Black This species is This species is found in the The fruit are edible. Bark of stems used as a paper substitute (and indeed one of the Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Mulberry introduced to the following botanical regions: earliest forms of paper), and the leaves are used as fodder for silkworms. volume, on page 347 region. Northern Tablelands

Murdannia graminea This species is found in the The tuberous, starchy roots are edible both raw and cooked, without unpleasant flavour. (Commelinaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 261 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Myoporum montanum Western Boobialla, This species is found in the The purple fruit are recorded as an Aboriginal food source. (Myoporaceae) Water Bush following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 549 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Myoporum platycarpum Sugarwood, False This species is found in the The plants often produce large masses of a frothy-white substance that is mostly mannitol. platycarpum (Myoporaceae) Sandalwood following botanical regions: It is a popular food among the Aborigines and the settlers. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 550 North-west Plains Narcissus tazetta Jonquil This species is This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental plant. Poorly reproducing and rarely truly naturalised (Amaryllidaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: The bulbs are toxic, and all parts of the plant may cause dermatitis. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 106 Nerium oleander Oleander This species is This species is found in the Widely planted as an ornamental shrub, occasionally or rarely naturalised. It is often (Apocynaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: difficult to determine if it was not planted. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes All parts of the plant are extremely toxic - even dried materials. 3rd volume, on page 516 Nothofagus moorei Antarctic Beech, This species is found in the Often hosts the edible Beech fungus, Cyttaria septentrionalis, which is globular, not unlike (Nothofagaceae) Niggerhead Beech following botanical regions: a golf-ball in appearance (although the depressions are much larger). It is relatively Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands tasteless. The wood is desirable as a cabinet timber. volume, on page 507 Nothoscordum borbonicum Onion Weed This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated, but more frequently treated as a weed. (Alliaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 102 North-west Plains Nymphoides crenata Wavy Marshwort This species is found in the The tubers are reported to have been eaten by the Aborigines, although no methods of (Menyanthaceae) following botanical regions: treatment are described. There is the potential for this species to be used in ornamental Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes ponds. 3rd volume, on page 507 North-west Plains Nymphoides geminata Yellow Marshwort This species is found in the The tubers are reported to have been eaten by the Aborigines, although no methods of (Menyanthaceae) following botanical regions: treatment are described. There is the potential for this species to be used in ornamental Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands ponds. 3rd volume, on page 507 North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Olea europaea subspecies Olive This species is This species is found in the Fruit are edible (the commercial olive), and the species is often cultivated for this purpose. europaea (Oleaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 472 Olea paniculata (Oleaceae) Native Olive This species is found in the Manna has been recorded as a product of this species. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 3rd volume, on page 472 Northern Tablelands Olearia argophylla Native Musk, Silver This species is found in the The leaves can be used to dye wool yellow. (Asteraceae) Shrub following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 188 Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle This species is This species is found in the The swollen base of the flower head is cooked and eaten as a vegetable, in much the subspecies acanthium introduced to the following botanical regions: same manner as a globe artichoke. The plant also has medicinal properties, being a heart (Asteraceae) region. Northern Tablelands tonic, and is being used in some proprietary medicines. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 3rd volume, on page 324 Opuntia aurantiaca Tiger Pear This species is This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but care should be taken to ensure all spines are removed. Mostly they (Cactaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: are quite sweet when ripe, and succulent with a mucilaginous texture. The stem may also Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands be eaten, boiled or candied, and is not unpleasant. volume, on page 202 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Opuntia stricta variety stricta Common Prickly Pear This species is This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but care should be taken to ensure all spines are removed. Mostly they (Cactaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: are quite sweet when ripe, and succulent with a mucilaginous texture. The stem may also Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands be eaten, boiled or candied, and is not unpleasant. volume, on page 204 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Opuntia tomentosa Velvet Tree Pear This species is This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but care should be taken to ensure all spines are removed. Mostly they (Cactaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: are quite sweet when ripe, and succulent with a mucilaginous texture. The stem may also Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes be eaten, boiled or candied, and is not unpleasant. volume, on page 202 North-west Plains Opuntia vulgaris (Cactaceae) Drooping Pear, This species is This species is found in the The fruit are edible, but care should be taken to ensure all spines are removed. Mostly they Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Smooth Tree Pear introduced to the following botanical regions: are quite sweet when ripe, and succulent with a mucilaginous texture. The stem may also volume, on page 203 region. North-west Slopes be eaten, boiled or candied, and is not unpleasant. North-west Plains Ornithogalum pyramidale This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as a perennial bulb for ornamental use. (Hyacinthaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: All parts of theplant are quite toxic. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 099 Orthoceras strictum Horned Orchid, Bird's- This species is found in the The tuberoids are probably edible (although no records of their use are known). (Orchidaceae) mouth Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 138 North-west Slopes Ottelia ovalifolia Swamp Lily This species is found in the A very good plant for ponds. (Hydrocharitaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 012 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 45 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Owenia acidula (Meliaceae) Colane, Gruie This species is found in the Although edible, and presumed to be improved by being buried for a few days, the Cribbs Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: have recommended leaving them there, and having tasted the fruit I find little pleasant in it. 2nd volume, on page 280 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Oxalis corniculata Creeping Oxalis This species is This species is found in the The leaves have a strong, acid taste, and are rich in oxalates, so sparing use is advised. (Oxalidaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: The records indicate use by the Europeans, Aborigines and the Victorian gold miners. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands The plants contain oxalates and can cause strong toxic reactions. 3rd volume, on page 020 Panicum decompositum Native Millet This species is found in the Among the most widely used native grains, the caryopsis (seed) was ground into flour for (Poaceae) following botanical regions: use in pancakes and dampers, producing a very agreeable product. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 487 North-west Plains Papillilabium beckleri False Tangleroot This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 246 Passiflora aurantia variety Blunt-leaved This species is found in the The fruit pulp has been noted as edible in small quantities (Cribb & Cribb). aurantia (Passifloraceae) Passionfruit following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 435 Passiflora filamentosa This species is This species is found in the Cultivated as an ornamental. (Passifloraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 434 North-west Plains Passiflora herbertiana Native Passionfruit This species is found in the An early report states that the fruit 'affords a grateful flavour'. subspecies herbertiana following botanical regions: (Passifloraceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 1st volume, on page 435 Pastinaca sativa subspecies Parsnip This species is This species is found in the Cultivated, this is the source of the vegetable Parsnip. sativa (Apiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 108 Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper This species is found in the A medicinal herb with properties such as a diuretic, an astringent, an anti-inflammatory and (Polygonaceae) following botanical regions: arresting bleeding 9although it will stimulate menstrual flow). The plant may be prepared as Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands an infusion, an essence, or as a poultice on slow-healing wounds. volume, on page 282 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Persoonia acuminata Heath-leaved This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 012 Persoonia chamaepeuce Heath-leaved This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 010

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Persoonia cornifolia Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 014 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Persoonia curvifolia This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 016 Persoonia cuspidifera This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 016 Persoonia daphnoides Tenterfield Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 013 Persoonia fastigiata Fine-leaved Hairy This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 016 North-west Slopes Persoonia lanceolata Long-leaved Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 018 Persoonia linearis Narrow-leaved This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 018 Persoonia media Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 015 Persoonia oleoides Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 013 Persoonia procumbens Groundcover This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 013 Persoonia rigida Hairy Spreading This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 017 Persoonia rufa (Proteaceae) Gibraltar Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: the ground are good). 2nd volume, on page 014 Northern Tablelands

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Persoonia sericea Spreading Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 016 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Persoonia tenuifolia Fine-leaved Geebung This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: the ground are good). Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 010 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Persoonia terminalis This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on subspecies recurva following botanical regions: the ground are good). (Proteaceae) North-west Slopes Found in the NSW flora at: 2nd volume, on page 011 Persoonia terminalis Heath-leaved This species is found in the The fruit may be eaten, but is insipid until fully ripe (generally those more recently fallen on subspecies terminalis Geebung following botanical regions: the ground are good). (Proteaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 011 Phalaris canariensis Canary Grass This species is This species is found in the Often cultivated as a birdseed source. (Poaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Plains 4th volume, on page 636 Philydrum lanuginosum Frogsmouth This species is found in the Has great potential as a water feature plant. (Philydraceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 252 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date This species is This species is found in the The fruit is edible. (Arecaceae) Palm introduced to the following botanical regions: region. North-west Slopes North-west Plains Phragmites australis Common Reed This species is found in the The youngest shoots, before they develop leaves, are harvested and boiled, being (Poaceae) following botanical regions: delicious and quite similar to Asparagus. North American Indians boiled or roasted the Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands youngest rhizomes (from where new growth is originating). 4th volume, on page 563 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Phyla canescens Phyla, Lippia This species is This species is found in the In Sri Lanka the leaves are eaten as a vegetable, and in the Philippines are used to make a (Verbenaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: tea reputed to be a diuretic. region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Physalis minima Wild Gooseberry This species is found in the The succulent, tangy yellow berry is edible and refreshing. (But see the toxicity note). (Solanaceae) following botanical regions: All parts of the plant (except the ripe fruit) are possibly toxic. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 369

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 48 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Picris evae (Asteraceae) Hawkweed This species is found in the The tuberous roots are baked, and according to Leichhardt are 'neither nutritious nor Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: palatable, for it tasted only of smoke'. 3rd volume, on page 334 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Pilidiostigma rhytispermum This species is found in the Fruit are edible. The species has value for horticulture. (Myrtaceae) following botanical regions: North-west Plains Pimelea microcephala This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible. However, no record is made of the required treatments, if subspecies microcephala following botanical regions: any, needed to make the fruit edible. (Thymelaeaceae) North-west Slopes Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Plains volume, on page 380 Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine This species is found in the The flesh provides a reasonable flavour, but must be used in small quantities. The seeds (Piperaceae) following botanical regions: are peppery, and after drying provide a more than adequate substitute for the related Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands pepper of commerce. volume, on page 147 Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistacio This species is This species is found in the Widley cultivated as a deciduous tree for positions wanting autumn colour. (Anacardiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: region. North-west Slopes Pittosporum phylliraeoides Berrigan, Butterbush, This species is found in the The sticky seeds are recorded as having been eaten after being pounded into flour, but the (Pittosporaceae) Weeping Pittosporum following botanical regions: taste (very astringent) leaves little desire to do so. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes The species in Pittosporum are noted as toxic. 3rd volume, on page 072 North-west Plains Plantago lanceolata Lamb's Tongues, This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and edible herb, although poor fare. Mostly used as an infusion in the (Plantaginaceae) Plantain introduced to the following botanical regions: treatment of bronchitis and coughs. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 595 North-west Slopes Plantago major Large Plantain This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and edible herb, although poor fare. Mostly used as an infusion in the (Plantaginaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: treatment of bronchitis and coughs. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 595 Plectorrhiza tridentata Tangleroot Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 247 Podolepis jaceoides Showy Copper-wire This species is found in the The thickened root was reported by Backhouse to be a source of food for the Aborigines, (Asteraceae) Daisy following botanical regions: although no preparation methods are given. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 264 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Polygonum aviculare Wireweed This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb, prepared as an infusion, and used in the treatment of pyelitis, arthritis, (Polygonaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: rheumatic pain and diahorrhoea. Noted effects include it being a diuretic, an astringent and Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes a mild expectorant. The plant can be used to yield a blue dye similar to indigo. volume, on page 288 North-west Plains Populus nigra (Salicaceae) Black Poplar, This species is This species is found in the The plant has a medicinal use, being an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-irritant, anti- Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Lombardy Poplar introduced to the following botanical regions: rheumatic and alleviating fevers. The plant is still used ina few proprietary medicines for volume, on page 449 region. North-west Slopes chillbalins, piles, skin infections and rheumatism.

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Portulaca oleracea Purslane, Pigweed This species is found in the The succulent stems may be used as a green vegetable, raw or cooked, being of good (Portulacaceae) following botanical regions: quality and in taste similar to lettuce when raw. The oily seeds may also be eaten, being Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes produced in abundant quantity and not difficult to collect. volume, on page 179 North-west Plains Prasophyllum brevilabre Short-lipped Leek- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 159 North-west Slopes Prasophyllum campestre Starry Leek-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 162 North-west Plains Prasophyllum caudiculum Ben Lomond Leek This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 162 Prasophyllum dossenum This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 158 Prasophyllum elatum Tall Leek-orchid, This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Piano Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 4th volume, on page 158 Prasophyllum flavum Yellow Leek-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 157 North-west Slopes Prasophyllum odoratum Scented Leek-orchid, This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Sweet Leek-orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 159 Prasophyllum patens Broad-lipped Leek- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 160 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Prasophyllum rogersii Marsh Leek-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 161 Prasophyllum solstitium Summer Leek Orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 162 Prasophyllum species A Tablelands Leek- This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 162

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Proboscidea louisianica Purple-flowered This species is This species is found in the The young fruit are recorded as edible when pickled. However, no record is made of the (Martyniaceae) Devil's Claw introduced to the following botanical regions: required treatments, if any, needed to make the fruit edible. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 603 North-west Plains Prostanthera incisa Cut-leaved Mint-bush This species is found in the has been used as a fly repellent (Lamiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 653 Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas This species is found in the widely cultivated (Lamiaceae) Bush following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 654 Prostanthera ovalifolia This species is found in the widely cultivated (Lamiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 654 North-west Slopes Prunella vulgaris Self-heal This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and culinary herb, used in treating laryngitis and mouth ailments, and as an (Lamiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: addition to soups and stews. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 641 Psoralea pinnata (Fabaceae African Scurf-pea This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental, most of the naturalised populations occur near (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: habitation. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 426 Psychotria loniceroides Hairy Psychotria This species is found in the The small fruit are sweet and quite edible when fully ripe - unripe fruit will irritate the throat. (Rubiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 501 Pterostylis abrupta Abrupt Greenhood, This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Drooping Greenhood following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 181 North-west Slopes Pterostylis alata This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 179 Pterostylis bicolor Two-colour This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Greenhood following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 185 North-west Slopes Pterostylis boormanii Boorman's This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Ruddyhood following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 187 Pterostylis chaetophora Hair-lip Ruddyhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 186

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Pterostylis coccina Alpen Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 179 North-west Slopes Pterostylis curta Blunt Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 177 North-west Slopes Pterostylis cycnocephala Swan Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 185 Pterostylis daintreana This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 184 Pterostylis decurva Summer Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 182 Pterostylis fischii This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 179 Pterostylis hamata This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 187 North-west Slopes Pterostylis hildae Rainforest Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 177 Pterostylis laxa This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 182 Pterostylis longicurva This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 178 North-west Slopes Pterostylis longifolia Tall Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 184 Pterostylis longipetala This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 180

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Pterostylis mutica Midget Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 185 North-west Slopes Pterostylis nutans Nodding Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 177 North-west Slopes Pterostylis obtusa Jug-lip Greenhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 181 North-west Slopes Pterostylis parviflora Tiny Greenhood, Jug This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Orchid, Green Snail following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Orchid Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 183 North-west Slopes Pterostylis pedunculata Maroonhood This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 176 Pterostylis praetermissa This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 189 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Pterostylis reflexa This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 180 Pterostylis setifera This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 188 Pterostylis species B This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 180 Pterostylis species C This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 182 Pterostylis species D (affinis This species is found in the The tubers are edible. cucullata) (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 183 Pterostylis truncata Little Dumpies, This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Sausage Greenhood following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 178

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Pterostylis woollsii Long-tailed This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Greenhood, following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Chinaman Greenhood Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 185 North-west Slopes Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish, Jointed This species is This species is found in the Leaves can be used as a salad vegetable, or boiled (for 30 minutes in salted water) and (Brassicaceae) Charlock introduced to the following botanical regions: eaten. Young inflorescences are a suitable substitute for brocolli. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 465 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Reseda luteola Weld This species is This species is found in the Used to produce a yellow dye. (Resedaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 487 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Rhagodia parabolica This species is found in the The leaves may be eaten, having a strong, salty taste. Several changes of water are (Chenopodiaceae) following botanical regions: recommended to remove the saltiness, the result being not unlike the related spinach. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 238 North-west Slopes Ricinus communis Castor Oil Plant This species is This species is found in the The oil (castor oil) has a range of uses, and the oil cake (being poisonous) has found use (Euphorbiaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: as a fuel and fertilizer. One of the more unusual uses for the oil is aircraft engine Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Plains lubrication, as it retains a good 'state' over a very wide range of temperatures. volume, on page 406 All parts of the plant are poisonous. Romulea rosea variety Onion Grass This species is This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated (often unintentionally) as a bedding plant. australis (Iridaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 123 Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress This species is This species is found in the The leaves may be used as a salad vegetable or cooked (although the former is (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: recommended), and are tangy with a slight bite. It is recommended that only plants from Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands clean (unpolluted) waters be used, and material be thoroughly washed before use volume, on page 479 North-west Slopes Rosa rubiginosa (Rosaceae) Sweet Briar This species is This species is found in the One of the edible, sweet fruit known as a Blackberry. A weed, introduced as an ornamental Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: and horticultural crop. volume, on page 541 region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Rubus discolor (Rosaceae) Blackberry This species is This species is found in the One of the edible, sweet fruit known as a Blackberry. A widespread weed, introduced as an Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: ornamental and horticultural crop. Many of the blackberries are able to have their leaves volume, on page 535 region. North-west Slopes used as an astringent and diuretic, or as a tea substitute. Rubus hillii (Rosaceae) Molucca Bramble This species is found in the One of the native Raspberries, edible, although the fruit are not of as high a quality as Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: many other native species. volume, on page 532 Northern Tablelands Rubus nebulosus Green-leaved This species is found in the One of the edible, sweet fruit known as a native raspberry. (Rosaceae) Bramble, Bush following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Lawyer Northern Tablelands volume, on page 533 Rubus parvifolius (Rosaceae) Native Raspberry This species is found in the Among the better of the native Raspberries, with each succulent drupelet quite large. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: volume, on page 532 Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Rubus ulmifolius (Rosaceae) Blackberry This species is This species is found in the One of the edible, sweet fruit known as a Blackberry. A widespread weed at higher Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: altitudes, introduced as an ornamental and horticultural crop. Many of the blackberries are volume, on page 535 region. Northern Tablelands able to have their leaves used as an astringent and diuretic, or as a tea substitute. Rumex brownii Swamp Dock This species is found in the The cooked leaves are edible, acceptable but with little to offer. (Polygonaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 291 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Rumex crispus Curled Dock This species is This species is found in the The cooked leaves are edible, acceptable but with little to offer. Not unpleasant to nibble (Polygonaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: some raw or to add as an enhancer to salads. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 289 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Salix alba (Salicaceae) White Willow This species is This species is found in the A medicinal plant, and the original source of the active principle in asprin (salicilic acid), Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: although now largely replaced by synthetic sources. The bark and leaves are prepared into volume, on page 450 region. North-west Slopes a decoction for treating most of the ailments an asprin is recommended towards, such as fevers and rheumatic pains. Salix babylonica (Salicaceae) Weeping Willow This species is This species is found in the Widely planted for its ornamentl appearance. Use of this species as a bank stabiliser along Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: riparian areas has been widely practiced, but is now discouraged as the species can be volume, on page 450 region. North-west Slopes prolific, producing new plants dowstream from seeds and broken twigs, altering the flow of streams and disrupting the biological processes when the foliage is cast in autumn. The ability of the species to reduce bank slumping is also doubted with some evidence to suggest that the roots do not enter into the saturated sediments and they can be readily undercut during higher flow conditions. Willows were the original source of the main ingredient in asprin (salicylic acid). This species has limited toxicity (in larger amounts mainly). Salix fragilis (Salicaceae) Crack Willow This species is This species is found in the Medicinally, the leaves and bark may be used in the same way as that of S. alba volume, on page 451 region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Salsola kali variety kali Prickly Roly-poly, This species is found in the When boiled, the plant is reported to be edible, being similar to many of the wild spinach (Chenopodiaceae) Black Roly-poly following botanical regions: substitutes. The fresh plant may also be used in salads.. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 238 North-west Plains Sambucus australasica Native Elderberry This species is found in the The small fruit are somewhat sweet, and very succulent. They are well documented as a (Sambucaceae) following botanical regions: native food source. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands Unripe fruit and foliage is toxic in many Sambucus species. 3rd volume, on page 446 North-west Slopes Sambucus gaudichaudiana White Elderberry This species is found in the The small fruit are somewhat sour, and very succulent. They are well documented as a (Sambucaceae) following botanical regions: native food source. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands Unripe fruit and foliage is toxic in many Sambucus species. 3rd volume, on page 446 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Sanguisorba minor Sheep's Burnet This species is This species is found in the An edible herb with spicy leaves, being added to beer, wine and brandy in the past, or used subspecies muricata introduced to the following botanical regions: to a limited extent as a salad and soup herb. (Rosaceae) region. Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 538

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Santalum acuminatum Sweet Quandong This species is found in the Among the best of the native foods, the fruit is fleshy, acid and may be eaten raw or (Santalaceae) following botanical regions: cooked into pies, jams and jellies. The flesh may be dried and stored, and some Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes recommend this to enhance the flavour. The oil-rich seeds are able to be burned like a 3rd volume, on page 058 North-west Plains candle. Santalum lanceolatum Northern Sandalwood This species is found in the The fruit is sweet and edible, but the relatively small size and large stone make collecting (Santalaceae) following botanical regions: sufficient somewhat tiresome. Only the dark, fully ripe fruit are really edible. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 058 North-west Plains Santalum obtusifolium Sandalwood This species is found in the Although small, the fruit are edible, in the main quite sweet. (Santalaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 058 Saponaria officinalis Soapwort This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb with diuretic, expectorant and laxative properties, used as a decoction, or (Caryophyllaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: added to the bath as a remedy against eczema and skin irritations. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 268 Sarcochilus aequalis This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 243 Sarcochilus australis Butterfly Orchid, This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Gunn's Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 244 Sarcochilus ceciliae Pink Bells, Fairy Bells This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 242 Sarcochilus falcatus Orange-blossom This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) Orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 243 Sarcochilus hillii Cockleshell Orchid This species is found in the Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 242 Sarcochilus spathulatus This species is found in the Often cultivated as an ornamental. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 244 Scabiosa atropurpurea Pincushion, Scabious This species is This species is found in the Often cultivated for the flowers which are ideal for cutting. (Dipsacaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 450 North-west Slopes Schizomeria ovata Crabapple This species is found in the The thin, reinous or acid flesh is reported to make a good jam. (Cunoniaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 520

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Schoenoplectus validus This species is found in the The apical 3 to 4 cm of very young stems is boiled, and is of excellent flavour. Older stems (Cyperaceae) following botanical regions: are pithy and fibrous. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 367 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Sedum acre (Crassulaceae) Stonecrop This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb that is mildly poisonous, causing headaches, dizziness and nausea, but Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: used as a remedy against piles and anal irritations, and in folk medicine the bruised plant volume, on page 527 region. Northern Tablelands was used on wounds and minor burns. Senna occidentalis This species is This species is found in the The seeds have been roasted and used as a coffee substitute in the Americas and Africa. (Fabaceae introduced to the following botanical regions: In Indonesia the young leaves and pods are recorded as a green vegetable, although there (Caesalpinioideae)) region. North-west Slopes are reports of the species having a laxative effect. Found in the NSW flora at: The raw seeds are a laxative, and the plant is believed to be toxic. 2nd volume, on page 318 Setaria italica (Poaceae) Foxtail Millet This species is This species is found in the The grain (caryopsis) is useable. Its quality nor any required treatments are recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 496 region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes North-west Plains Silene vulgaris subspecies Bladder Campion This species is This species is found in the the leaves and young shoots are edible, either raw in salads, or boiled for 5 to 10 minutes. vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: They may be used alone, or mixed withother green leaf vegetables Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 271 Silybum marianum Variegated Thistle, This species is This species is found in the The mature achenes (collected in the mature head before it sheds them) are used to treat (Asteraceae) Milk Thistle introduced to the following botanical regions: liver complaints and to relieve spasms. The use is again increasing and several proprietary Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands medicines use the product. For home use an infusion is recommended. 3rd volume, on page 324 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Sinapis arvensis Charlock This species is This species is found in the Leaves can be used as a salad vegetable, or boiled (for 30 minutes in salted water) and (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: eaten. Young inflorescences are a suitable substitute for brocolli. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. North-west Slopes volume, on page 463 North-west Plains Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard This species is This species is found in the The plant is reported to be edible, being suitable for adding to a salad, sauce, soup or (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: omelette. As a medicinal herb, it is a bronchial sedative and mild heart tonic. Also used in Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands France as a spring tonic against colds and as an expectorant volume, on page 481 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Smilax australis Sarsaparilla, Bush This species is found in the The black, globular fruit have a peppery taste, and there are many records or their being (Smilacaceae) Lawyer, Wait-a-while, following botanical regions: eaten by the Aborigines. I have tasted them, foinding them strong but definitely not Found in the NSW flora at: Barbwire Vine Northern Tablelands unpleasant. 4th volume, on page 040 Smilax glyciphylla Sweet Sarsaparilla, This species is found in the The leaves may be used to provide a bitter-sweet tea that gained reputation as a tonic. I (Smilacaceae) Spineless Sarsaparilla following botanical regions: enjoy the flavour of nibbling gently on the leaves while walking, and the fruit are edible, and Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands although strongly flavoured are pleasant. 4th volume, on page 040 Solanum americanum Glossy Nightshade This species is found in the The ripe (purple-black) fruits are sweet with a hint of sourness, and make an excellent (Solanaceae) following botanical regions: topping for sweet desserts if stewed with sugar, of a very good quality jam. The foliage and Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands young growth have been known to be used as a boiled vegetable (but see toxicity note). 3rd volume, on page 356 North-west Slopes Leaves and unripe fruit are supposedly poisonous.

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Solanum aviculare Kangaroo Apple This species is found in the Although recorded as edible, the fruit are often too bitter to be pleasant, even after cooking. (Solanaceae) following botanical regions: The species is grown in Russia as a source of various steroid drugs. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands Many Solanum species are known to be quite toxic. 3rd volume, on page 358 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Solanum esuriale Quena This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible, either raw or roasted. However, no further record is made (Solanaceae) following botanical regions: of the edibility. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes Many Solanum species are known to be quite toxic. 3rd volume, on page 362 North-west Plains Solanum laciniatum Large-flowered This species is found in the Although recorded as edible, the quality and slavour of the fruit (and any required (Solanaceae) Kangaroo Apple following botanical regions: treatment) is not recorded. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes Many Solanum species are known to be quite toxic. 3rd volume, on page 358 Solanum nigrum Black-berry This species is This species is found in the The ripe (purple-black) fruits are sweet with a hint of sourness, and make an excellent (Solanaceae) Nightshade introduced to the following botanical regions: topping for sweet desserts if stewed with sugar, of a very good quality jam. The leaves of Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands this species have been cooked as a green vegetable. An infusion of the whole plant is 3rd volume, on page 356 North-west Slopes recommended for spasms and epilepsy. In one reference (Launert, 1981) it is suggested North-west Plains the fruit may be poisonous, a fact shown to be otherwise by experience and the information in Cribb and Cribb (1987). Many Solanum species are known to be quite toxic. Solanum vescum Green Kangaroo This species is found in the The fruit are recorded as edible. However, no record is made of the required treatments, if (Solanaceae) Apple following botanical regions: any, needed to make the fruit edible. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands Many Solanum species are known to be quite toxic. 3rd volume, on page 358 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Sonchus asper subspecies Prickly Sowthistle This species is This species is found in the The young stems may be used raw or cooked. Raw they are tangy or slightly bitter. glaucescens (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Cooked, they provide a most pleasant green vegetable. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 338 North-west Slopes Sonchus oleraceus Common Sowthistle This species is This species is found in the The young stems may be used raw or cooked. Raw they are tangy or slightly bitter. (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Cooked, they provide a most pleasant green vegetable. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 338 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Spiraea cantoniensis variety Reeve's Spiraea, This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated, particularly in cooler climates lanceolatus (Malaceae) Bridalwreath, May introduced to the following botanical regions: region. North-west Slopes Spiranthes sinensis Ladies' Tresses This species is found in the The tubers are probably edible. subspecies australis following botanical regions: (Orchidaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: 4th volume, on page 221 Sporobolus caroli (Poaceae) Fairy Grass, Yakka This species is found in the The grain (caryopsis) is ground for flour, the dough being baked into damper. Found in the NSW flora at: Grass following botanical regions: 4th volume, on page 524 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Stellaria media Common Chickweed This species is This species is found in the The raw or cooked young shoots are edible, although of little flavour. As a medicinal herb it (Caryophyllaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: is reputed to be effective against dropsy, rheumatism, arthritis and inflammation of the Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands joints. Freshly bruised material may be applied as a poultice to slow-healing wounds and volume, on page 275 North-west Slopes skin irritations. North-west Plains Striga parviflora Witchweed This species is found in the Some aboriginal records of S. curvifolia being used to treat skin disorders by the (Scrophulariaceae) following botanical regions: Aborigines. North-west Slopes Styphelia triflora This species is found in the The fruit are edible, sweet-succulent with a relatively large stone. (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 414 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Styphelia viridis subspecies This species is found in the The fruit are edible, sweet-succulent with a relatively large stone. breviflora (Epacridaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 415

Swainsona formosa Sturt's Desert Pea This species is found in the The seed is edible, but its quality nor any required treatments are recorded. (Fabaceae (Faboideae)) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 439 North-west Plains Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae) Stinking Roger This species is This species is found in the The oil produced by the plants are desirable for the perfume and confectionery trades, Found in the NSW flora at: introduced to the following botanical regions: being similar to apple or passionfruit when dilute. The oils (about 12 different aromatics in 3rd volume, on page 284 region. Northern Tablelands all) are removed by steam distillation. North-west Slopes Most Tagetes species cause dermatitis. North-west Plains Tanacetum vulgare Tansy This species is This species is found in the A toxic, medicinal herb used to treat menstrual pains and worms, now largely replaced by (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: safer drugs. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 289 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Taraxacum officinale Dandelion This species is This species is found in the A medicinal and culinary herb, used to treat rheumatism, neuralgia and stomach (Asteraceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: complaints. As a vegetable they may be used raw (in salads) or younger stems boiled, Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands tasting like brussel sprouts. The tap roots are also able to be eaten, boiled and treated like 3rd volume, on page 337 North-west Slopes salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius) North-west Plains Tasmannia glaucifolia Fragrant Pepperbush This species is found in the The fruit and all soft vegetative parts (leaves and new shoots mainly) are able to be used (Winteraceae) following botanical regions: as a condiment, replacing the commercial papper to some extent Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 126 Tasmannia insipida Brush Pepperbush This species is found in the The fruit is edible, but is recorded as insipid. The seeds and the leaves have a very hot (Winteraceae) following botanical regions: 'peppery' taste not unlike some of the chilies. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 126 Tasmannia purpurascens Broad Leaved This species is found in the The leaves, fruit and seeds have a hot, peppery taste. (Winteraceae) Pepperbush following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 127

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Tasmannia stipitata Northern Pepperbush This species is found in the The fruit and all soft vegetative parts (leaves and new shoots mainly) are able to be used (Winteraceae) following botanical regions: as a condiment, replacing the commercial papper to some extent Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Northern Tablelands volume, on page 127 Telopea aspera (Proteaceae) Gibraltar Waratah This species is found in the The flowers produce copious nectar, and was sought by the Aborigines. Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: 2nd volume, on page 030 Northern Tablelands

Telopea speciosissima Waratah This species is found in the The flowers produce copious nectar, and was sought by the Aborigines. (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 2nd volume, on page 030 Tetragonia tetragonoides New Zealand Spinach This species is found in the A very good green vegetable, of quality and taste similar to Spinach. One of the few (Aizoaceae) following botanical regions: Australian plants to be grown in Europe as a vegetable (under the names New Zealand Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes Spinach or Botany Bay Greens). volume, on page 194 North-west Plains Thelymitra carnea Tiny Sun-orchid, Pink This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) Sun-orchid following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 151 Thelymitra circumsepta Naked Sun-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 149 Thelymitra cyanea Veined Sun-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 151 Thelymitra fragrans This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 149 Thelymitra megacalyptra Scented Sun-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 148 Thelymitra nuda Plain Sun-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 149 North-west Slopes

Thelymitra pauciflora Slender Sun-orchid This species is found in the The tubers are edible. (Orchidaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 148 North-west Slopes Thlaspi arvense Penny Cress This species is This species is found in the A small amount of finely chopped leaves adds a bitter flavour to salads, sandwiches, (Brassicaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: scrambled eggs, soups and sauces. Found in the NSW flora at: 1st region. Northern Tablelands volume, on page 472

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily This species is found in the The tuberous roots were eaten by the Aborigines, either roasted (or more frequently) raw. (Anthericaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 091 Thysanotus tuberosus Common Fringe-lily This species is found in the The tuberous roots were eaten by the Aborigines, either roasted (or more frequently) raw. subspecies tuberosus following botanical regions: They are crisp and translucent, with little flavour. (Anthericaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 091 North-west Plains Trachymene glaucifolia Wild Parsnip This species is found in the The roots probably appears and tastes of Parsnip, and would be pleasantly edible either (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: raw or cooked. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 103 North-west Plains Trachymene incisa This species is found in the The roots appears and tastes of Parsnip, and is pleasantly edible either raw or cooked. subspecies incisa (Apiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 104 North-west Slopes Tradescantia albiflora Wandering Jew This species is This species is found in the Often present as a weed in daper spots in gardens. (Commelinaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: Many Tradescantia species are known to cause dermatitis. Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 257 Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify, Vegetable This species is This species is found in the When boiled, the Parsnip-like roots have a flavour reminiscent of seafood. (Asteraceae) Oyster introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 336 North-west Slopes Tribulus terrestris Caltrop, Cat-head This species is This species is found in the In Africa and India the leaves and young shoots have been cooked as a green vegetable, (Zygophyllaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: and in India the fruits have also been ground and baked into bread. Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 013 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover This species is This species is found in the Cultivated as a fodder species. (Fabaceae (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: region. North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 457 Trifolium pratense (Fabaceae Red Clover This species is This species is found in the Flowers are able to be eaten, generally being collected in the morning before the nectar (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: has been collected by foraging bees. They can also be used in a pickle, relish or wine. An Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands infusion of the dried flowers makes a very acceptable tea substitute. The leaves may be 2nd volume, on page 459 North-west Slopes used as a salad, sauce and soup herb, and may also be prepared as a spinach substitute. As with all clovers, it is also a mainstay of the grazing industry. Trifolium repens (Fabaceae White Clover This species is This species is found in the Flowers are able to be eaten, generally being collected in the morning before the nectar (Faboideae)) introduced to the following botanical regions: has been collected by foraging bees. They can also be used in a pickle, relish or wine. An Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands infusion of the dried flowers makes a very acceptable tea substitute. The leaves may be 2nd volume, on page 458 North-west Slopes used as a salad, sauce and soup herb, and may also be prepared as a spinach substitute. As with all clovers, it is also a mainstay of the grazing industry. Triglochin procerum Water Ribbons This species is found in the The roots may swell to form small white, globular tubers which are reported as having been (Juncaginaceae) following botanical regions: baked before eating by the Aborigines. The fruit are also edible raw, tasting of Peas. They Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands can be collected by running the hand up the inflorescence. 4th volume, on page 020 North-west Slopes

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Typha domingensis Narrow-leaved This species is found in the The pollen may be collected and mixed with milk or flour and milk for baking into richly (Typhaceae) Cumbungi, Bulrush following botanical regions: flavoured deep-yellow cakes. Young flower spikes are also able to be eaten raw or cooked, Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes served like corn-on-the-cob. 4th volume, on page 254 North-west Plains Typha orientalis (Typhaceae) Broad-leaved This species is found in the The pollen may be collected and mixed with milk or flour and milk for baking into richly Found in the NSW flora at: Cumbungi, Bulrush following botanical regions: flavoured deep-yellow cakes. Young flower spikes are also able to be eaten raw or cooked, 4th volume, on page 254 Northern Tablelands served like corn-on-the-cob. North-west Slopes North-west Plains Typhonium brownii (Araceae) Native Arum This species is found in the The rhizome is reportedly edible after repeated baking and pounding. Boiling will not Found in the NSW flora at: following botanical regions: remove the poison from the stem, and this species and its relatives should be avoided as a 4th volume, on page 035 Northern Tablelands food source.

Ulmus parvifolia (Ulmaceae) Chinese Elm This species is This species is found in the Often planted as an ornamental shade tree. introduced to the following botanical regions: Many Ulmus species are known to cause dermatitis. region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Urtica incisa (Urticaceae) Stinging Nettle This species is found in the The young shoots are boiled, mainly to denature the stinging hairs, the result being a green Found in the NSW flora at: 1st following botanical regions: with an excellent, nutty or almost cabbage-like flavour. I know of one person who ate them volume, on page 353 Northern Tablelands raw, and would not advise it! The oil from the seed of an Urtica species is used as an North-west Slopes illuminant in Egypt. North-west Plains Urtica species are known to cause dermatitis. Urtica urens (Urticaceae) Small Nettle, Stinging This species is This species is found in the The young shoots are boiled, mainly to denature the stinging hairs, the result being a green Found in the NSW flora at: 1st Nettle introduced to the following botanical regions: with an excellent, nutty or almost cabbage-like flavour. I know of one person who ate them volume, on page 353 region. North-west Slopes raw, and would not advise it! The plant also has a range of medicinal uses, mainly North-west Plains concerned with blood flow and rheumatic pain. The oil from the seed of an Urtica species is used as an illuminant in Egypt. Urtica species are known to cause dermatitis. Vallisneria gigantea Ribbonweed, This species is found in the Widely used in the aquarium trade. (Hydrocharitaceae) Eelweed following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 4th volume, on page 014 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Ventilago viminalis Supplejack, Supple This species is found in the Widely lopped as a fodder source during drought times. (Rhamnaceae) Jack following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: 1st North-west Slopes volume, on page 355 North-west Plains Verbena incompta This species is This species is found in the A weed, mainly of waste places. (Verbenaceae) introduced to the following botanical regions: region. Northern Tablelands North-west Slopes Verbena officinalis Common Verbena, This species is This species is found in the A medicinal herb with astringent, diuretic and antidiaorrhoeal properties, and also used to (Verbenaceae) Vervain introduced to the following botanical regions: aid insomnia, nervous exhaustion, rheumatic pains, menstrual flow and milk secretion. The Found in the NSW flora at: region. Northern Tablelands whole flowering plant is prepared into an essence or infusion. 3rd volume, on page 613 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

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SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Vigna lanceolata variety Maloga Bean This species is found in the The tuberous roots were used after roasting, and is reportedly 'one of the best vegetables lanceolata (Fabaceae following botanical regions: available to the natives'. It also produces some underground pods, like the commercial (Faboideae)) North-west Slopes peanut, but there are no records of their edibility. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Plains 2nd volume, on page 422 Viola odorata (Violaceae) Sweet Violet This species is This species is found in the Widely cultivated as an ornamental, and as a medicinal herb (an expecrtorant and to Found in the NSW flora at: 1st introduced to the following botanical regions: stimulate the glands). Flowers are also used as an edible garnish for salads, ice cream and volume, on page 437 region. North-west Slopes puddings. The seeds of Viola species are somewhat toxic. Wahlenbergia ceracea Waxy Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 119 Wahlenbergia communis Tufted Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 122 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Wahlenbergia fluminalis River Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 121 North-west Plains Wahlenbergia gracilenta Annual Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 120 North-west Plains Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling Bluebell, This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) Australian Bluebell following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 123 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Wahlenbergia graniticola Granite Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 121 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Wahlenbergia littoricola This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 121 Wahlenbergia luteola This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 121 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Wahlenbergia multicaulis Tadgell's Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 120

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 63 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Wahlenbergia planiflora This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to subspecies longipila following botanical regions: a salad. (Campanulaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 121 North-west Plains Wahlenbergia queenslandica This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 122 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Wahlenbergia sp (Pt. This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to Lookout) (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Northern Tablelands Wahlenbergia stricta Tall Bluebell This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to subspecies stricta following botanical regions: a salad. (Campanulaceae) Northern Tablelands Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 122 North-west Plains Wahlenbergia tumidifructa This species is found in the The flowers of Wahlenbergia may be eaten, making a colourful (albeit tasteless) addition to (Campanulaceae) following botanical regions: a salad. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 3rd volume, on page 123 North-west Plains Westringia fruticosa Coast Rosemary This species is found in the widely cultivated (Lamiaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands 3rd volume, on page 644 Xanthorrhoea acaulis Ground Blackboy, This species is found in the The flowers produce a drop of nectar that may be licked from the opened flowers, or the (Xanthorrhoeaceae) Tussock Grasstree following botanical regions: spike may be soaked in water and then drunk fresh or after a short period of fermentation. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands The leaf bases and crown are also edible, but poor fare. 4th volume, on page 066 North-west Slopes North-west Plains Xanthorrhoea glauca Grasstree, Blackboy This species is found in the The flowers produce a drop of nectar that may be licked from the opened flowers, or the subspecies angustifolia following botanical regions: spike may be soaked in water and then drunk fresh or after a short period of fermentation. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) Northern Tablelands The leaf bases and crown are also edible, but poor fare. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 066 North-west Plains Xanthorrhoea glauca Grasstree, Blackboy This species is found in the The flowers produce a drop of nectar that may be licked from the opened flowers, or the subspecies glauca following botanical regions: spike may be soaked in water and then drunk fresh or after a short period of fermentation. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) Northern Tablelands The leaf bases and crown are also edible, but poor fare. Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 4th volume, on page 066 Xanthorrhoea johnsonii Grasstree, Blackboy This species is found in the The flowers produce a drop of nectar that may be licked from the opened flowers, or the (Xanthorrhoeaceae) following botanical regions: spike may be soaked in water and then drunk fresh or after a short period of fermentation. Found in the NSW flora at: Northern Tablelands The leaf bases and crown are also edible, but poor fare. 4th volume, on page 064 North-west Slopes North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 64 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html List of plant species from northern NSW that may be used as food plants

SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION USE Xylomelum cunninghamianum Western Woody Pear This species is found in the The seed is reported to be edible. (Proteaceae) following botanical regions: Found in the NSW flora at: North-west Slopes 2nd volume, on page 064 North-west Plains

This information sourced from data collected by Greg Steenbeeke as part of the Plants Directory project. Page 65 of 65 Copyright © 2001 Orkology Kreations. http://members.dodo.com.au/~orkology/index.html