Barbara of Cilli's Acquisition of Wealth, Power

CEU eTD Collection

THE PERQUISITE OF A MEDIEV CILLI

’ S ACQUISITION OF WEALTH, POWER, AND LANDS MA Thesis in Medieval Studies MA Thesis inMedieval Central European University

Sara Katanec May 2014 Budapest

AL WEDDING:AL BARBARA OF

CEU eTD Collection

THE PERQUISITE OFTHE AMEDIEVAL WEDDING: OFCILLI BARBARA Central European University,fulfillmentBudapest, oftherequirements partial in

ACQUISITION Accepted inconformancewiththe standards totheDepartmentThesis submitted Studies, ofMedieval ______of the Arts Master degree of Studies. inMedieval Chair, Examination CommitteeChair, Examination

OF POWER, WEALTH, AND LANDS

Thesis Supervisor Sara Katanec May 2014 Exami Examiner Budapest (Croatia) by

ner

of the CEU. of the

’ S

CEU eTD Collection

THE PERQUISITE OFTHE AMEDIEVAL WEDDING: OFCILLI’S BARBARA Central European University,fulfillmentBudapest, oftherequirements partial in

ACQUISITION OFACQUISITION POWER, WEALTH, AND LANDS Accepted inconformancewiththe standards CEU. of the totheDepartmentThesis submitted Studies, ofMedieval ______of the Arts Master degree of Studies. inMedieval

External Reader Sara Katanec May 2014 Budapest (Croatia) by

CEU eTD Collection degree. academic an for education higher of institution other any to thesis form the this in of submitted part been has no that declare also I copyright. institution’s or person’s any on infringes o no made was that use declare illegitimate I and bibliography. unidentified and notes in credited properly as information external such only and research my on based work, own my exclusively is thesis present the that herewith undersigned, the I,

Budapest, 2 1 May 2014 1 May Sara Katanec Sara

, candidate for the MA degree MA the for candidate , f the work of others, and no part of the thesis the of part no and others, of work the f ______Signature in Medieval Studies, declare Studies, Medieval in

CEU eTD Collection howtimes, many myIwrite. things have of That pages thesis up. still toreally speeded many too askingnot for important, most is what and dreams, mypursuing in emotionally and well as general in family my of members other but particular, andfind bits piecesBarbara ofCilli. on Muse Regional Celje Ifor reach. not butthat mycould thesis needed I that books the all scanning for Petrović Mišo colleague and friend my thank to like knowledge his János sharingforIncze thank to like especially would I intellectual. and emotional support, their for ones, myLatinhis helpwith sources,general for and teachingmeproper in Christian thank to like would I Finally, English. proper like sound paper ona ofwords Rasson, tothankJudith whomade like bunch suggestions.I this would Thirdly, the all for student, she that Ph.D. fact the a and shared she currently knowledge Kondor, Márta thank to like would I Secondly, a gave, she suggestions provided, she help the all also therefore and topic my in interest high the nd corrections she made. Without her this thesis would have looked very differently. differently. very looked have would thesis this her Without made. she corrections nd at bt o lat I least, not but Last, the of staff the all and Germadnik Fugger Rolanda thank to like would I Moreover old the and CEU from ones new the friends, myall thank to like would I Furthermore First

and foremost, I foremost, and um for generously placing their library at my disposal and helping me helping and disposal my at library their placing generously for um

would like to thank my supervis my thank to like would

would like to thank my parents, sisters, and grandfather in in grandfather and sisters, parents, my thank to like would

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and givingme and

voluntarily

good advice regarding myadviceregarding good ed y hss n gv m many me gave and thesis my read or, Professor Katalin Szende, for Szende, Katalin Professor or,

, for supporting me financially financially me supporting for

Latin. - thesis Nicolae Ga Nicolae

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CEU eTD Collection Secondary literature Primary sources BIBLIOGRAPHYSELECTED CONCLUSION increase gradual The in power estatesThe Slavonia in Barbara’s properties thetime her at wedding of CHAPTER THREE thewedding placeThe of Problems dating wedding: The resolved? with Krapina Acharter from and theevents 1405 Bosnia of Cilli The family Introduction CHAPTER TWO in medievalQueenship Europe Historiography Sources Research and methodology questions CHAPTER ONE Research topic the“GermanJustifying ruchlos) Messalina”(DieBarbara istgeil un Keiserin INTRODUCTION

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and Barbara’sand Sigismund engagement to ......

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fragment Fugger Ger (Rolanda western wall of the castle; H castle; the of wall western –

castrum workshops and economical buildings near the east wall of the castle; C C castle; the of wall east the near buildings economical and workshops

courtyard; J J courtyard; ......

in Krapina in ih: abr o Cli s Venus, as Cilli of Barbara Right: rapina, 16 November 1405 16Novemberrapina, –

Kna Kee, elfri, aucit 30 flo 002v, folio 1360, manuscript Bellifortis, Kyeser, (Konrad living space in front of the large cave (storage room for the the for room (storage cave large the of front in space living – –

(Sara Katanec)

gate towe gate south defense wall of the lower courtyard; K courtyard; lower the of wall defense south –

LIST OFLIST FIGURES defensive around part ofthe ditch thenorthern castl

sno, is hl o te itet century, fifteenth the of half first esançon, (A történelmi Magya történelmi (A ...... (SaraKatanec) – madnik, Barbara Celje,madnik, 10). of

r of the upper castle courtyard; E courtyard; castle upper the of r northeastern tower of the castle; I castle; the of tower northeastern ii

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(Croatian places in the collection of prints of collection of of the prints (Croatian places in (Sara Katanec)

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– rország várai [Castles of historical of [Castles várai rország

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CEU eTD Collection 302). 12 Croatia, Continental 12 Hrvatske kontinentalne P tower. Z defense gallery; the approach of floor second and hall great the of floor first the Požega. near Velika 12. Figure “Stambeni prostori”, 38). – P floor: First fireplace. palace. the of plan Ground Left: Garić. 11. Figure “Stambeni prostori”, 39). Z rock; PI floor: First hall. entrance palace. the of plan Ground Kalnik. Veliki 10. Figure ...... stronghold the to route Approach Kalnik. Mali 9. Figure

access to the second floor. Right: Reconstruction of t of Reconstruction Right: floor. second the to access

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lavatory; B lavatory; ...... – –

– th console lavatories (Zorislav Horvat, “Zidine i braništa na utvrdama utvrdama na braništa i “Zidine Horvat, (Zorislav lavatories console wall towards the tower on the highest part of the stronghold (Horvat, stronghold the of part highest the on tower the towards wall

tile stove; L stove; tile ...... –

15 – - 5 sojć” [Walls stoljeća” 15.

th exit into a small garden; D garden; small a into exit

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...... chapel, the shrine from the eastern wall is missing; II. missing; is wall eastern the from shrine the chapel, Prostor Prostor iii ......

4 (1996): 182; Horvat, “Pomoćni prostori”, “Pomoćni Horvat, 182; (1996): 4

n Btlmns n otfctos in Fortifications on Battlements and he east façade of the palace (Horvat, (Horvat, palace the of façade east he

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62 58 57 64 – –

CEU eTD Collection MHEZ domus senioriscomitum Zichy de et Zich Vasonkeo CDZ CDH CD -

Codex Diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae RegniCodex et Croatiae, Slavoniae Diplomaticus - -

A zichi és vásonkeői gróf Zichy gróf vásonkeői és zichi A Codex diplomaticus HungariaeecclesiasticusCodex ac civilis diplomaticus -

Monumenta historica episcopatusMonumenta historica Zagrabiensis LIST OFLIST ABBREVIATIONS - cs alád idősb ágának okmánytára. Codex diplomaticus diplomaticus Codex okmánytára. ágának idősb alád iv

CEU eTD Collection “Sardanapalus,” Britannica Academic Edition, Edition, Academic Diese sey. 043ac3b63fe2c9d87c021c9cd zuhoffen andres heidelberg.de/diglit/drwFugger1668/0438?page_query=459&navmode=struct&action=pagesearch&sid=266e5b3 kein diesem http://digi.ub.uni nach weil Kayser gebrauchen Jah 60 nahe schon Lebens sie wiewohl / Britannica dieses suchend Wollust húndischer in Paradies ihr und / Erde unflátigen der auf Himmel ihren Freuden / nun Gottesveráchterinn der sich sie / vermahnet / Sardanapalisch gut auf / sie hingegen móchten: verehren Gott erdichteten undeinen / zerquálen Leibalso den sie / daß gescholten oft / beteten und fasteten sie wann / Hofmägde dannihre T noch Engel weder auch / Gott keinen sie daß / ruchlos so 2 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/524121/Sardanapalus decadent a as “Sardanapalus,” characterized is who Sardanapalus, man, debauchery a in life his of spending figure, speaks expression, this used first who historian 1 w snow almost pale, of woman a about talks Piccolomini looks, her describing When anything. if it neutralized or attitude, his change Piccolomini did death her after Only character. Barbara’s denigrate to words hateful such with tried Piccolomini their under been Lehensherrschaft had that family a Cillis, the of enemies the always were Habsburgs the (1415 Habsburg of III Frederick (1405 Piccolomini Silvio Aenea contemporary, 1668. year the from Oesterreich Erzhauses Johann the“GermanJustifying Messalina”(DieBarbara ist Keiserin

Seine Gemahlinn Barbara, war eine Teutsche Messalina, ein Weib von unersáttlicher Wollust unersáttlicher von Weib ein Messalina, Teutsche eine war Barbara, Gemahlinn Seine A literary figure, indicates the legendary king of Assyria, and referrs probably to Ashurbanipal. The Greek Greek The Ashurbanipal. to probably referrs and Assyria, of king legendary the indicates figure, literary A -

in described thesis, this of person central the Cilli, of Barbara is words these With evenyears shealready though was 60 old… no lust,grovelingher paradise foulearthandupon this in searching for heaven her is there one, this after because Sardanapalus, of spirit the in admonishes, hand other the on she god: fictional a worshipped t when devil nor angel neither and God believein not did she that heinous so time same the at lust; for appetite insatiable of woman a Messalina, German a was Barbara consort His Jakob Fugger’s Spiegel der Ehren des Hoechstloeblichsten Kayser Hoechstloeblichsten des Ehren der Spiegel Fugger’s Jakob n Keilce Ezass Oesterreich Erzhauses Koeniglichen und - e fse ad ryd ta te wr aoiig hi bde and bodies their agonizing were they that prayed, and fasted hey

n sne hn re t cib h lde o nblt, t is it nobility, of ladder the climb to tried then since and 1

, ht hy hud ae s o al h pesrs f hs life, this of pleasures the all of use make should they that

ete hae nr el Hw h sodd e maidservants her scolded she How hell. nor heaven neither (last accessed: May 2014). May accessed: (last ren ware / … Johann Jakob Fugger, Jakob Johann … / ware ren

, and who was responsible for the downfall of Assyria. See Gloria Lotha, Lotha, Gloria See Assyria. of downfall the for responsible was who and , - 1493), who later became the Holy Roman Emperor. Since Since Emperor. Roman Holy the became later who 1493), INTRODUCTION

e. iimn vn ikn Nrbr, 68, 459, 1668), (Nürnberg, Birken von Sigismund ed. , te t hp fr Ti dne o God, of denier This for. hope to other 1 The notion about Barbara was taken from her her from taken was Barbara about notion The

- 44, h ltr oe is I chancello II, Pius Pope later the 1464), eufel / weder Himmel noch Hölle / glaubte. Wie sie sie Wie glaubte. / Hölle noch Himmel weder / eufel

(last accessed: May 2014). May accessed: (last

Spiegel der Ehren des Hoechstloeblichsten Hoechstloeblichsten des Ehren der Spiegel

geil un ruchlos)geil un hite skin and of a beautiful a of and skin hite -

und Koeniglichen Koeniglichen und sollten auf alle weise alle auf sollten

- begierde; daebey daebey begierde;

la why clear r of of r CEU eTD Collection 82 (1966), 228 (1966), 82 ca so 4 Landeskunde Salzburger weddi 3 and engagement their particularly Sigismund; with relationship Barbara’s research. do written primarily utilize will thesis my if Even woman. a of idealization an lust, and love of goddess the Venus, representing is she hand, other the On picture. left the with compared be (Figure below picture right the on seen be can as contemporaries, her by perceived was Barbara how see to way best the are they althoughsources, visual the study not Idid thesis, my of focus narrower m not are there since on, work to wanted I that ideas the of one was Barbara representing sources visual the all of comparison The activities. the historiographygender st of conference of tradition scholarly the and into fit will and gap catalogues a fill will thesis my exhibition Sigismund, about volumes in articles useful some for except alone, Barbara th Regarding life. her of part early an on answers Research topic Ages,Middle carried whichyears. was the onbyrecent historyuntil up woma versatile a such why explanation diplomacy. another therefore and politics for interest an unusually displayed an and education, had profound languages, several knew Barbara Furthermore, constitution. physical

Csaba Csapodi, “Az úgynevezett ‘Liber de septem signis’. Kyeser ‘Bellifortis’ Kyeser septemsignis’. de ‘Liber úgynevezett “Az Csapodi, Csaba Thomas cuments and archaeological remains, I will keep this idea and image in my mind during my my during mind my in imageand idea this keep will Iremains, archaeological and cuments lled “Liber de septem signis”. A Budapest fragment of the ‚Bellifortis’ by Kyeser], in in Kyeser], by ‚Bellifortis’ the of fragment Budapest A signis”. septem de “Liber lled of beginnings the highlight to hand one the on be will research my of aim The and life Barbara’s of areas the all cover to intended I work, my of outset the At give can but Cilli, of Barbara on monograph needed much a from far is thesis This Krzenck, “Barbara von Cilli Cilli von “Barbara Krzenck,

- 229. 1

On one On 131 (1991): 48, 62 48, (1991): 131

hand a woman on horseback, playing a male role, a leader, as can can as leader, a role, male a playing horseback, on woman a hand udies and altogether. queenship

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63. ie etce esln? in Messalina?” deutsche eine

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CEU eTD Collection influence. political increasing an gaining time same the t at of century, fifteenth one the become of and queens wealthiest life comfortable a live to her enabled castles her of prestige the and estates her of distribution geographicalthe how show to like would I authority. more gain Ag itself. wedding the with linked inseparably therefore Sigismund, from gift wedding a as received Slavonia, in estates and properties Barbara’s of research the be will thesis my of point focal second The d I why is This development. personal and political further her in stone stepping a as most used she which the life, Barbara’s in among events important was wedding The event. the to approach new a in result will that way a evidence neglected often but known already at look and roots theto return to Iintend scholars, among disputed still are wedding the placeof and time exact the Since wedding. the of date precise more the and place, took wedding the where location

ain on the basis of these properties Barbara could increase her wealth and and wealth her increase could Barbara properties these of basis the on ain ecided to focus the most on this particular event. particular this on most the focus to ecided

, and combine the old sources in sources old the combine and , he

CEU eTD Collection Bellifortis May Besanço accessed: [last de http://www.enluminures.culture.fr/Wave/savimage/enlumine/irht5/IRHT_085827 municipale Bibliothèque Figure 1 Lf: aair Kna Kee, elfri, aucit 30 flo 002v, folio 1360, manuscript Bellifortis, Kyeser, (Konrad Cavalier Left: . - fragment Fugger (Rolanda Germadnik

2014]); Right: Barbara of Cilli as Venus, “Liber de septem signis”, septem de “Liber Venus, as Cilli of Barbara Right: 2014]); n, first half of the fifteenth century, century, fifteenth the of half first n, 4

, Barbara of Celje, 10).

- p.jpg, p.jpg, CEU eTD Collection artv rltrr ore addpoai rlgl ore. The sources. legal or diplomatic and sources literary or narrative Sources the close reading oftheearlier statem source basis of to addition in scholarship of revision critical the also was work my of aspect methodological important an Furthermore, literature. available the with as well as sources, narrative with among them comparing them, analyzing and available sources diplomatic and narrative the all studying by questions these answer to tried I conducted? they were how e her or herself to refer Barbara did How authority? her to linked be finances queen’s the Can purpose? a have it did yes, if and possessions her of pattern geographical a there Was it? earn is while and possessions ruler substitute a she was present? be to expected was who andcoronation, the role? residential and ceremonial its support place wedding proposed the of appearance physical the does How involved? parties the of aspirations political the and time the of constellation political the Barbara? marry Luxemburg of Sigismund I thesis, my three of bases three those as life her of Regarding aspects life. personal her and properties, her queen, and ruler substitute a Research and methodology questions states in the charters, and how was she referred to? What decisions did she make in them and them shedidin makedecisions What to? referredshe was how and charters, the in states s led mnind tee r to ye o sucs ht ue fr y research: my for used I that sources of types two are there mentioned, already As Ithesis In my

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to answer to ? Furthermore, how much power did Barbara have over her her over have Barbara did power much how Furthermore, ? CHAPTER ONE

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CEU eTD Collection Sigismund von Luxemburg. Ein Kaiser in Europa. Tagungsband des internationalen historischen und und historischen internationalen des in Tagungsband Europa. vo Philipp Verlag in Kaiser 8 Luxemburg, in Ein Kongresses kunsthistorischen Luxemburg. von Sigismund 7 chronicle. Cilli the willit as to Inthe refer text I Lubensky,1883). und 6 1893) Gaertner, (Berlin: 5 anddisputed modern denied scholarship. by espe aiming am I Here altogether. inaccuracy their and chronology their regarding sources the of unreliability the is problem Another family. the of members male notable the for space more allot to decided famil the all among hierarchy social the in rank highest the achieving therefore well, as empress an and queen, a member, family female important most the was she although chronicle, family detailed relatively otherwise o mentioned is Barbara that disappointing somehow also is It contemporaries. male her by Barbara on comments negative mostly the behind reason a be Gender source. the of objectivitythe affects severely then which authors, between animosity personal a than other sources, the in unpopularity Barbara’s for explanation one be could This well. as wealthy was and power in was that woman a about to marginally. rather mentioned is have sources the that seems it she Furthermore, her. about silent keep chronicles these so Otherwise king, the husband, her to connected somehow relia their and problems, some encountered I these sources researching and reading by Still, life. her in anecdotes valuable way either but few, amount of giving a butvaluable small, Cilli von Grafen als Chronik ihre und Saneck were on focused

Franz Krones, ed., ed., Krones, Franz Wilhelm Altmann, ed., ed., Altmann, Wilhelm Amalie Amalie iimn vn uebr. i Kie i Erp. augbn ds nentoae hsoice und historischen internationalen des Tagungsband Europa. in Kaiser Ein Luxemburg. von Sigismund be taken be

öe, Braa o Cli Ir füe Jhe l Gmhi Si Gemahlin als Jahre frühen Ihre Cilli. von “Barbara Fößel, cum grano salis grano cum iiy abr’ cneprre woeaot e ny hnhratos were actions her when only her about wrote contemporaries Barbara’s bility. n Zabern, 2006), 100 (and n. 33); 33); n. (and 100 2006), Zabern, n

Die Freien von Saneck und ihre Chronik als Grafen von Cilli von Grafen als Chronik ihre und Saneck von Freien Die Das Leben König Sigismunds König Leben Das .

Eberhart Windeckes Denkwürdigkeiten zur Geschichte des Zeitalters Kaiser Sigmunds Kaiser Zeitalters des Geschichte zur Denkwürdigkeiten Windeckes Eberhart cially at Windeke’s work, in which several details have already been been already have details several which in work, Windeke’s at cially , even more than usually, probably because they were speaking were they because probably usually, than more even ,

information on Barbara, the other giving insight onBarbara, a an in information theother my main one being notably the scarcity of information of scarcity the notably being one main my mmes loehr Nvrhls, h chronicler the Nevertheless, altogether. members y - 10. Juni 2005 Juni 10. Peter Johanek, Johanek, Peter 7

5 6

by Eberhard Windecke and Windecke Eberhard by Each one is important in its own way, way, own its in important is one Each , ed. Michel ed. , “Eberhard Windecke und Kaiser Sigismund,” Sigismund,” Kaiser und Windecke “Eberhard

nly twice in the Cilli chronicle, an chronicle, Cilli the in twice nly gismunds und ungarische Königin,” in in Königin,” ungarische und gismunds

Pauly and François Reinert (Mainz: (Mainz: Reinert François and Pauly

(Graz: Verlag von Leuschner Leuschner von Verlag (Graz: - related bias can also can bias related

Die Freien von Freien Die her and the the and her one

CEU eTD Collection ouet o Mdea Hnay, nie dto (DL edition online Hungary], Medieval of http://mol.arcanum.hu/dldf/opt/a110505htm?v=pdf&a=start Documents 17 92 Hungary], of Archives National the in monasteries Pauline Croatian oklevelei kolostorok pálos középkori horvátországi Közlemények Levéltári Levéltárban” 16 Vasonkeo et Zich de Zichy comitum senioris 15 henceforth Gelchich, 1887), oklevéltára összeköttetéseinek és Magyarország Raguza Hungariae. 14 CDH. henceforth 13 century 12 Tkalčić, Slavoniae. et Croatiae 11 1201 annorum Diplomata ed., Smičiklas, Tadija 18; CD henceforth 1395 annorum Diplomata 10 Listine Venice] of Republic meridionalium the Slavorum and Slavs southern the between relations 9 henceforthMHEZ. 1992), sadašnjost, Kršćanska (Zagreb: 5 vol. Zagrabiensis], 8 151 von 2006), Zabern, Philipp 8 Luxemburg, in Kongresses kunsthistorischen Vasonkeo et K Zich de Zichy comitum senioris domus diplomaticus Ragusanae reipublicae relationum Diplomatarium like sources of editions Hungarian which Croatiae Dalmatiae, regni metropolis Zagrabiae Slavoniae et Dalmatiae Croatiae, Regni Republike Mletačke i Slavenstva južnog između odnošajih o Listine like sources of editions Croatian used I Firstly

Šime Ljubić, ed., ed., Ljubić, Šime özlemények Ferdo Šišić,”Nekoliko isprava iz početka XV. stoljeća“ stoljeća“ XV. početka iz isprava Šišić,”Nekoliko Ferdo ed. Tkalčić, Krstitelj Ivan Imre Nagy, ed., Nagy, Imre - ed., Lukinović, Andrija olci Dpoaia ugrc, kzpoi Ma középkori A Hungarica, Diplomatica Collectio Georgius Fejér, ed., ed., Fejér, Georgius ue Rendić Duje ósf ecc ad ao Talcy e Thallóczy, Lajos and Gelcich József Elemér Mályusz, “A szlavóniai és horvátországi középkori pálos kolostorok oklevelei az Országos Országos az oklevelei kolostorok pálos középkori horvátországi és szlavóniai “A Mályusz, Elemér 123, henceforth Mályusz, henceforth Mályusz, 123, .

], ], Monumenta sources. legal or diplomatic the are research my in used I sources of type second The the charter regarding Barbara’s wedding is published. Furthermore I also used used also I Furthermore published. is wedding Barbara’s regarding charter the Starine

[The charters of Slavonian and Croatian Pauline monasteries in the National Archives of Hungary], Hungary], of Archives National thein monasteries Pauline Croatian and Slavonian of charters [The - 16 Miočević et al., ed., ed., al., et Miočević

39 (1938): 130 (1938): 39

journal A zichi és vásonkeői gróf Zich gróf vásonkeői és zichi A Listine o odnošajih između južnog Slavenstva i Mletačke Republike Mletačke i Slavenstva južnog između odnošajih o Listine .

(98: 87 (1928): 6 oe dpoaiu Hnaie clsatcs c civilis ac ecclesiasticus Hungariae diplomaticus Codex o. , ilmt: 1400 Diplomata: 2, vol.

- 1235 continens (Zagreb: Dionička tiskara, 1905), henceforth CD 3. henceforth CD tiskara,1905), Dionička continens(Zagreb: 1235 Zge: Jugoslaven (Zagreb: - , as well as the Hungarian State Archives (MOL) online database online (MOL) Archives State Hungarian the as well as ,

1399 continens (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti znanosti akademija Jugoslavenska (Zagreb: continens 1399 Monument Diplomatarium Levéltári oien soeii arbče biskupije Zagrebačke spomenici Povijesni - 152. - 320.

203, henceforth Mályusz, Mályusz, henceforth 203,

oe Dpoaiu Rgi raie Dlaie t Slavoniae et Dalmatiae Croatiae, Regni Diplomaticus Codex 10. a historica liberae regiae civitatis Zagrabiae metropolis regni Dalmatiae, Dalmatiae, regni metropolis Zagrabiae civitatis regiae liberae historica a

Codex Diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae et Dalmatiae Croatiae, Regni Diplomaticus Codex Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis ac ecclesiasticus Hungariae diplomaticus Codex . , vol. 5 (Budapest, 1888), henceforth5. CDZ (Budapest, 1888), 5 vol. , d., d.,

ska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1875), henceforth Ljubić, Ljubić, henceforth 1875), umjetnosti, i znanosti akademija ska - Diplomatarium relationum reipublicae Ragusanae cum regno regno cum Ragusanae reipublicae relationum Diplomatarium 10. Juni 2005 Juni 10. y - - 49 Zge: roikm . lrct, 84, henceforth 1894), Albrechta, K. Brzotiskom (Zagreb: 1499 család idősb ágának okmánytára. Codex diplomaticus domus diplomaticus Codex okmánytára. ágának idősb család , 10 az Országos Levéltárban” [The charters of Slavonian and and Slavonian of charters [The Levéltárban” Országos az

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sed: Mai 2014). Mai sed: o. 5, vol. chel

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11 Pauly and François Reinert (Mainz: (Mainz: Reinert François and Pauly [Monumenta historica episcopatus episcopatus historica [Monumenta

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CEU eTD Collection (Residenzenforschung 11) (Stuttgart: Thorbecke, 2000). Thorbecke, (Stuttgart: 11) (Residenzenforschung ed., Paravicini, Repräsentation (16. Höfen in proposal," a and overview an studies: court Modern "Early Duindam, Jeroen Spätmittelalter deutschen im Identität kultureller in Fürstenheiraten," internationalen bei Gefolges Karl 2010); University, European 21 20 1954 Akadémiai, (Budapest: 19 268 Elizabeth]” and Barbara queens Hungarian the of domains the on evidence 18 residences royal and princely of history the ( and studies queenship new up in opened has perspectives culture material on information with history social and political on T Slavonia. in residences possible her and wedding Barbara’s understand better could I which through information of source important an were interpretation, and analysis their with together buildings, standing still of remains exca The conclusions. my for foundation a and research my of part important an as well, as here mentioned be to need they therefore and way, exploited less hitherto and useful a in evidence written utilized traditionally the in gaps the fill sources of Isources.them inthe said they Although manner, usedare notrefer editions Hungarian or Croatian the in versions published their the and of documents locations original the on remarks provide they because stone stepping helpful a were they Hung in exclusively published are theysince themselves me to help particular of not published are Barbara to donations land digitized Residenzenforschung

References to the excavation reports will be given at the points where they are discussed in detail. in discussed are they where points will giventhe at be reports the excavation to References al., et Mályusz Elemér Gusztáv Wenzel, ed., “Okmányi adalék Borbála és Erzsébet magyar királynék birtokáról (1424 birtokáról királynék magyar Erzsébet és Borbála adalék “Okmányi ed., Wenzel, Gusztáv roy R Orsolya - 287. evidence. architectural and archaeological used also I research my in Finally,

- s 18. Jahrhundert): Studien zum Hof als Produktionsort von Geschichtsschreibung und historischer historischer und Geschichtsschreibung von Produktionsort als Hof zum Studien Jahrhundert): 18. ources éthelyi, “Mary of Hungary in Court Context (1521 Context Court in Hungary of “Mary éthelyi, , ed. Markus Völkel and Arno Stroymeyer (Berlin 2009), 37 2009), (Berlin Stroymeyer Arno and Völkel Markus ed. , a Fr Das

and the the and Zsigmondkori oklevéltár Zsigmondkori )

unimr De ru e Hf i Sämteatr n füe Neuzeit früher und Spätmittelalter in Hofe bei Frau Die auenzimmer. in general – 2009). Magyar Történelmi Tár Történelmi Magyar - Heinz Spiess, "Fremdheit und Integration der ausländischen Ehefrau und ihres ihres und Ehefrau ausländischen der Integration und "Fremdheit Spiess, Heinz

a s well as my work inparticular.s well as work my

. . F , ed. Thomas Zotz (Würzburg: Egon Verlag, 2004), 267 2004), Verlag, Egon (Würzburg: Zotz Thomas ed. ,

(1387 ürstenhöfe und ihre Außenwelt. Aspekte gesellschaftlicher und und gesellschaftlicher Aspekte Außenwelt. ihre und ürstenhöfe his multidisciplinary approach, combining evidence combining approach,multidisciplinary his The regestas of the of regestas The 8

–

1424) , 18

where the charters regarding Sigismund’s regarding charters the where

[Charters from the time of Sigismund], vol. 1 vol. Sigismund], of time from the [Charters - 1531),” Ph.D. dissertation (Budapest: Central Central (Budapest: dissertation Ph.D. 1531),” Zsigmondkori oklevéltár Zsigmondkori ain eot ad eot on reports and reports vation Magyar Történelmi Tár Történelmi Magyar - 60; Jan Hirschbiegel and Werner Werner and Hirschbiegel Jan 60; Historiog enced in thetext. enced in

raphie an europäischen europäischen an raphie - 1439) [Charter [Charter 1439)

arian, but arian, 12 (1863): (1863): 12 20 19

These

were - 290; 290; – 11

CEU eTD Collection overview of the history of the Croatian people. First part], reprint of the 3rd edition, ed. Jaroslav Šidak (Split: (Split: Šidak Jaroslav ed. edition, 3rd henceforth Šišić, tisak, 2004), Marjan the of reprint part], First people. Croatian the of history the of overview Klaić, henceforth Šišić, 1985), hrvatske, Matice zavod Nakladni (Zagreb: Macan Trpimir third the three: book century: nineteenth (1301 porodica raznih iz Povije Klaić, henceforth 1985), hrvatske, Matice zavod Nakladni (Zagreb: Macan (1301 families various from kings of rule age: third the two: book century: nineteenth the of (1301 porodica iz raznih kraljeva vladanje : doba 24 jugoslavensku 23 thesis(Zagreb: MA Cilli], of the counts about i “Hrvatska Marušić, 22 the for base the were which sources in appearance her to due mentioned is Barbara world, na works two the are place their find also can well, as Barbara therefore and family, Cilli the which worth scholarship. revisiting infuture Queen “Black the folklore, Croatian the from figure a to Barbara linked whichlegends the concerning literature main the as important particularly is work This work the in the light negative a in and explain sporadically mentioned might which be, should it as scholars underrepresentation of Barbara inCroatian history. Croatian by researched as the by shadowed all, imp also is What relatives. at male her of histories if mostly, and light, negative a in usually overviews, historical in mentioned rather is She scholarship. Croatian the among exist Cilli of Barbara particularly reigned butwithvarying over over, inspacetime.and intensity Historiography

For a first comprehensive overview of the Croatian and Slovenian historiography of the counts of Cilli see Mia Mia see Cilli of counts the of historiography Slovenian and Croatian ofthe overview firsta comprehensive For Vjekoslav Klaić, Klaić, Vjekoslav vn uujvć acnk, Dgđj Mdegaa [h hsoy f Med of history [The Medvedgrada” “Događaji Sakcinski, Kukuljević Ivan st Hrvata: Hrvata: st oiet raa Peld oiet hvtkg aoa 600. naroda hrvatskog povijesti Pregled Hrvata. Povijest in century twentieth the of half first the of overviews historical important most The Barb century, nineteenth the of half second the to pertaining works the From t noted be to has it historiography, Croatian with Starting she as lands many as least at in pursued been has Cilli of Barbara on Scholarship med

3 (1854): 31 3 (1854): Povijest Hrvata Povijest od najstarijih vremena do svršetka XIX stoljeća : knjiga treća : treće doba : vladanje kraljeva kraljeva vladanje : doba treće : treća knjiga : stoljeća XIX svršetka do vremena najstarijih od

Povijest Hrvata: Hrvata: Povijest

slovenska historiografija o grofovima Celjskim” [Croatian and Slovenian historiography historiography Slovenian and [Croatian Celjskim” grofovima o historiografija slovenska - 56(rg dio) 1526)(drugi - 76.

. 24 Povijest Hrvata Povijest

d asaii veea o všta I sojć : nia rg : treće : druga knjiga : stoljeća XIX svršetka do vremena najstarijih od

Although shown in a black and white understanding of the of understanding white and black a in shown Although

age: rule of kings from various families (1301 families various from kings of rule age:

[History of the Croats: from the earliest times to the end of the the of end the to times earliest the from Croats: the of [History Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2013 Sciences, Social and FacultyofHumanities - 1526) .

[History of the Croats: from th from Croats: ofthe [History

ortant is that the Cilli family altogether is not is altogether family Cilli the that is ortant 22

- 1526. Prvi dio dio Prvi 1526. of

Povijest Hrvata Povijest Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski Kukuljević Ivan ”, a character that would be be would that character a ”, vedgrad], vedgrad], a vr fw ok on works few very hat Te itr o Cot. An Croats. of history [The oiet Hrvata Povijest e earliest times to the end end the to times earliest e - 1526) (part two)], ed. two)], (part 1526) Arkiv za povjestnicu povjestnicu za Arkiv

- 2; Vjekoslav Klaić, Vjekoslav 2; 1526)], ed. Trpimir Trpimir ed. 1526)], ).

3; 3; ara is is ara Ferdo Ferdo . 23

CEU eTD Collection eme irr etne i dr arbr n Kieae Gsashf i Sämteatr (1385 Spätmittelalter im Gespanschaft Križevacer Jahrbuch und Zagreber der in (1385. festungen ihrer vijeku Beamten srednjem kasnom u županiji Križevačkoj 97 (1397 Mittelalters (2012): des Ende zu Zagoriensis) (comitatus Zagorje von Fürstentum das (1397. vijeka srednjeg krajem Zagoriensis) 32 CEU at Studies 31 zbornik Historijski 30 2005). 29 Samobor], in analchemist 28 Ages ], Middle late 27 Crown] Holy the 1982). Celju, of territories the in Cilli of Counts last [The 26 Gradec], and 25 the on monograph no is still there family, noble national Slovene the be to deemed are and Slovenia, today’s of area the in Barbara’s castellans. a has one latter The family. Cilli the of officials the on light new should Celjskih Cilli last the of identity and alchemist focus family. mainly lastthree Cilli onthe male ofthe members the article and Cillis, the of history the on light new a shed to tries author the which zagrebačkog Gradeca the are family Cilli the regarding important most centurythe twentieth the of half second the In books. these of narration

Robert Kurelić, “The Status of the Cou the of Status “The Kurelić, Robert Snježana Paušek Snježana Robert Kurelić, “The uncrowned lion: rank, st rank, lion: uncrowned “The Kurelić, Robert Croatian the and Cilli of Counts [The srednjovjekovlje” kasno hrvatsko i Celjski “Grofovi Raukar, Tomislav Ivan Kampuš, “Odnosi grofova Celjskih i zagrebačkog Gra zagrebačkog i Celjskih grofova “Odnosi Kampuš, Ivan Nada Klaić. Klaić. Nada Suzana Miljan, “Grofovi Celjski, njihovi službenici njemačkog porijekla i Zagorsko kneštvo (comitatus (comitatus kneštvo Zagorsko i porijekla njemačkog službenici njihovi Celjski, “Grofovi Miljan, Suzana Robert Kurelić, “Pregled povijesti grofova Celjskih” [Overview of the history of the Counts of Cilli], Cilli], of Counts the of history the of [Overview Celjskih” grofova povijesti “Pregled Kurelić, Robert

by Tomislav Raukar Tomislav by properties main their had Cillis the although historiography, Slovenian the to Turning Among be mentioned. Worth mentioning are also two articles by Suzana Miljan Suzana by articles two also are mentioning Worth mentioned. be

” 20 (2013): 11(2013): 20 30 - 28 1; uaa ijn “rfv Clsi Njmi subnc nioi uvd u Z u utvrda njihovih službenici Nijemci, i Celjski “Grofovi Miljan, Suzana 118;

, andof theworks Historijskizbornik and “ and oleni nzv Clsi zmjm See rn (ani nz Clsi džlh v Krone) Sv. deželah v Celjski knezi (Zadnji Krune Svete zemljama u Celjski knezovi Posljednji 12 (2006): 143(2006): 12

the recent works works recent the - 59 (2006): 201 (2006): 59 His Baždar, “Kraljica Barbara Celjska kao alkemičarka u Samoboru“ [Queen Barbara of Cilli as as Cilli of Barbara [Queen Samoboru“ u alkemičarka kao Celjska Barbara “Kraljica Baždar, The Status of the Counts of Cilli as Princes of the Holy Roman Empire Roman Holy the of Princes as Cilli of Counts the of Status The torijski zbornik torijski - 22.

” 25 VDG Jahrbuch VDG

, the - 162.

” “ - book 216. 29

Grofovi Celjski i hrvatsko kasno srednjovjekovlje kasno hrvatsko i Celjski Grofovi - Cilli family, let alone Barbara herself. Up to the second half of half second the to Up herself. Barbara alone let family, Cilli Robert Kurelić, his

30 (1976 30

and the articles by the same author same the by articles the and

36, no.1 (1983): 113 no.1 (1983): 36,

n h Cli aiy the family Cilli the on of Nada Klaić Nada Klaić of nts of Cilli as Princes of the Holy Roman Empire,” Empire,” Roman Holy the of Princes as Cilli of nts

15 (2008): 275 (2008): 15 - 1456

- ril b Ia Kmu “ Kampuš Ivan by article 1977): 161 1977): .)” [Die Grafen von Cilli, ihre Beamten deutschen Stammes und und Stammes deutschen Beamten ihre Cilli, von Grafen [Die .)” atus and identity of the last Cilli,” MA thesis (Budapest: CEU, CEU, (Budapest: thesis MA Cilli,” last the of identity and atus 10

- - 180.

280. - Zadnji knezi Celjski v deželah Sv. kneziKrone Zadnji vdeželah Celjski MA thesis MA 1456.)” [Die Grafen von Zilli und die Deutschen, Deutschen, die und Zilli von Grafen [Die 1456.)” - 140.

deca” [The relations between the Counts of Cilli Cilli of Counts the between relations [The deca”

Cle Očn Cle Zooiso ršv v društvo Zgodovinsko : Celje Občina (Celje: re is an article about Barbara as an an as Barbara about article an is re “ The uncrowned lion: rank,The lion: status uncrowned

doi rfv Clsi i Celjskih grofova Odnosi “ Pregled povijes Pregled sfl aarp about paragraph useful - 1456)], 1456)], Annual of Medieval of Annual ”. DG Jahrbuch DG 27 32

responding geakj i agrebačkoj The works The -

1456)], 1456)], ti grofova ti that shed that

works , 26 DG

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19 in 31

CEU eTD Collection lbl n Rgoa Prpcie = mtot ko 10. lbli n regionaln in Globalni 1400. okrog Umetnost = 103 2012), Maribor, of theArtsUniversity of Faculty (Maribor: of Vidmar Polona and Ciglenečki Perspectives Regional and Global 39 1 2013), 38 1998 Thema altes Cilli, von Grafen Die Symposiums internationalen des 37 sta grofje, Celjski 2004), simpozija mednarodnega Slovenije, društev zgodovinskih Zveza (Ljubljana: (?1394 r Celjska Barbara of Image 37 227 in Landes], Cillier des und Gewalt landesfürstlichen ihrer Frage die Cilli, von Grafen [Die Celjske” dežele in oblasti deželnoknežje njihove vprašanje grofje, “Celjski the from part: First surroundings. 36 35 1955). matica, Slovenska (Ljubljana: century] the fifteenth to settlement 34 33 Golob “ the Slovene historiography. rightfulfind her place in Celje of Barbara Cilli. of Barbara on expert Slovene the leading currently is and works her in Cilli of Barbara of research and promotion the on much for interest growing the gender with decade, past the in changed has situation This mentioned. Štih. Peter by in and Orožen byJanko book the in found be family can Cilli the historyof the Kos Milko by overview historical n the of end the from work important most The discussions. short or overviews historical the in them find could one themselves; Cillis the on works no almost were there century twentieth the eferatov 32. zborovanja slovenskih zgodovinarjev, Celje, 30. september september 30. Celje, zgodovinarjev, slovenskih zborovanja 32. eferatov

Franjo Baš, “Celjski grofi in njihova doba” [The counts of Cilli and their time], theirtime], Cilli countsand [The of njihovadoba” grofi “Celjski in Baš, Franjo IgnacOr Rolanda Fugger Germadnik, Germadnik, Fugger Rolanda Janko Orožen, Orožen, Janko Nataša Golob, “Barbara of Celje (Cilli): In Search of Her Image,” in in Image,” Her of Search In (Cilli): Celje of “Barbara Golob, Nataša oad Fge Grank “ooe abr Clse (?1394 Celjske Barbare “Podobe Germadnik, Fugger Rolanda Kos, Milko - 256.

(Celje: Pokrajinski muzej, 1999). muzej, Pokrajinski (Celje: - -

eae ise ad hge fcs n oe. oad Fugge Rolanda women. on focus higher a and issues related 2. ineteenth century is the is century ineteenth Barbara of Celje: InBarbara Image ofCelje: Her Search of ožen, gdvn Soecv d aeiv d ptasea stoletja petnajstega do naselitve od Slovencev Zgodovina Celska kronika Celska 36 Zgodovina Celja in okolice. Prvi del: od začetka do leta 1848 leta do začetka od del: Prvi okolice. in Celja Zgodovina

n ot f hs wrs n ohr lvna hsoigah Braa s not is Barbara historiography Slovenian other and works these of most In

is to clear the name of the “German Messal “German the of name the clear to is Barbara of Celje of Barbara

[The Cilli chronicle] (Celje: Julius Jeretin, 1854). Jeretin, Julius (Celje: Cilli [The chronicle] onain o h ya 14] Cle Klun suns, 91; ee Štih, Peter 1971); skupnost, Kulturna (Celje: 1848] year the to foundation - 41 i Soee itrorpy, in Historiography], Slovene in 1451) Celska kronika Celska

ra tema tema ra and the discussion by Franjo Baš. Franjo by discussion the and

translation by Margaret Davis (Celje: Celje Regional Museum, Museum, Regional Celje (Celje: Davis Margaret by translation - Grafenaurjev Grafenaurjev

nova spoznanja, Celje, 27. 27. Celje, spoznanja, nova 11 37

. 33

h am f e rcnl pbihd booklet published recently her of aim The ”

39 In the twentieth century to highlight are the are highlight to century twentieth the In

is alsoworth mentioning. 38 - 48; Rolanda Fugger Germadnik, ed., ed., Germadnik, Fugger Rolanda 48;

A recent and important work by Nataša work by important and A recent zbornik - 1451) v slovenskem zgodovinopisju” [The [The zgodovinopisju” slovenskem v 1451) -

neue Erkenntnisse, Celje, 27. 27. Celje, Erkenntnisse, neue –

, ed. Vincenc Rajšp (Ljubljana, 1996), (Ljubljana, Rajšp Vincenc ed. , 2. oktober 2004 oktober 2. ina”, in order for her to finally to her for order in ina”,

r ad rhtcue rud 1400. around Architecture and Art [History of the Slovenes from the the from Slovenes the of [History ese kz zooio Zbornik zgodovino, skozi Ženske

Celjski zbornik Celjski -

[The history of Celje and its its and Celje of history [The 29. maj 1998 = Sammelband Sammelband = 1998 maj 29. r Germadnik has done done has Germadnik r 35

A good overview on overview good A pogledi i , ed. Aleksander Žižek Aleksander ,ed.

the discussionthe

(1951): 7 (1951): - 118. e. Marjeta ed. ,

9 Mai 29. Zbornik - 22.

CEU eTD Collection Handlungsspielräume Fößel, Amalie Cilli”; 49 48 1996). 47 9 (1974/1975): 46 Fakultät 1911). Philosophische (Halle: dissertation Ph.D. 1908); Leipzig, 45 1759). Breitkopfia, officina (Leipzig: Ex 44 1387 Luxemburg von Zeit Sigismunds 43 1990). 42 41 Cilly,” Ges heraldischen königlichen 40 Barbaraand ingeneral. queenship arearticle Krzenck theby Thomas Hoensch, Dopsch Heinz by Cillis Max the about and discussion Chillian Hans by century twentieth the Zawadsky. of beginning the from others two coniuge altera imperatoris Sigismundi Celeiense, Barbara Barbara by Engel, Pál by history Hungarian on generalwork the mention should one works recent more the from and wedding, Wertner Moriz by articles the

Krzenck, “Messalina”. Krzenck, Engel, Pál Iohannes Gotthelf Martini, “De Barbara Celeiense, Sigismundi imperatoris altera coniuge,” Ph.D. dissertation dissertation Ph.D. coniuge,” altera imperatoris Sigismundi Celeiense, Barbara “De Martini, Gotthelf Iohannes in Cilli,” von Grafen die und “Barbara Pálosfalvi, Tamás Elemér Mályusz, Kaiser Sigismund in Ungarn, translation by Anikó Szmodits (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, Kiadó, Akadémiai (Budapest: Szmodits Anikó by translation Ungarn, in Sigismund Kaiser Mályusz, Elemér Amalie Fößel, “The Queen’s Wealth in the Middle Ages,” Middle the in Wealth Queen’s “The Fößel, Amalie ög . Hoensch, K. Jörg Moriz Wertner, “Eine unbekannte eheliche Allianz des Kaisers Sigismund,” Sigismund,” Kaisers des Allianz eheliche unbekannte “Eine Wertner, Moriz H en Dpc, De rfn o Cilli von Grafen “Die Dopsch, Heinz ans Chilian, “Barbara von Cilli,” Ph.D. dissertation (Leipzig: Philosophische Fakultät der Universität Universität der Fakultät Philosophische (Leipzig: dissertation Ph.D. Cilli,” von “Barbara Chilian, ans

Monatsblatt der kaiserlichen königlichen heraldischen Gesellschaft “Adler” Gesellschaft heraldischen königlichen kaiserlichen der Monatsblatt dissertation the consider should one historiography older German the From concerning scholarship older Hungarian the From 47 45 The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 89 Hungary, Medieval of History A Stephen: St. of Realm The

Elemér Mályusz which mentiones Barbara in passing. Important works about Barbara to highlight to Barbara about works Important passing. in Barbara mentiones which -

49. Max Zawadsky, “Die Cillier und ihre Beziehungen zu Kaiser Sigmund und König Albrecht”, Albrecht”, König und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen ihre und Cillier “Die Zawadsky, Max rm h rltvl nwr coasi oe hud ae no con the account into take should one scholarship newer relatively the From

asr iimn. erce a dr cwle u Nuet 1 Neuzeit zur Schwelle der an Herrscher Sigismund. Kaiser

(Stuttgart: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2000). Verlag, Thorbecke Jan (Stuttgart:

Die Königin im mittelalterlichen Reich. Reich. mittelalterlichen im Königin Die 41

lshf “Adler” ellschaft h mngah n Sig on monograph the , 42

and the - 40 1437

48 hc big ih o seii eet rgrig Barbara’s regarding events specific on light bring which

, ed. Imre Takács (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern Verlag, 2006). Verlag, Zabern von Philipp (Mainz: ed.Imre , Takács and recent themost Fößel works byAmalie

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Majestas - 262; Moriz Wertner, “Zur Genealogie der der Genealogie “Zur Wertner, Moriz 262; Barbara it is worthwhile to mention to worthwhile is it Barbara Herrschaftsausübung, Herrschaftsausübung, 44 -

Rex et Imperator. Kunst und Kultur zur Kultur und Kunst Imperator. et Rex 13 (2005): 23 (2005): 13 from the from 5 - 1526 .

43 üotetce Archiv Südostdeutsches -

nvriä Halle Universität 2001). Tauris, (London: I.B. Monatsblatt der kaiserlichen kaiserlichen der Monatsblatt

4, no. 5 (1896): 38 (1896): 5 no. 4,

368 eig - 45; 45; - hteenth century and century hteenth 1437 Fößel, “Barbara von “Barbara Fößel,

Herrschaftsrechte, Herrschaftsrechte, (München: Beck, Beck, (München: 49

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Márta Kondor, “‘Double Kondor, Márta J. L. Laynesmith, Laynesmith, L. J. Daniela Dvořáková, Dvořáková, Daniela in therefore and sources medieval in queens of visibility the of problem The the with decades, few last the in only examined be to started queenship of office The the In Hungary? in century fourteenth the of turn the at queen a be to like it was What been have attempts new Recently - German Personal Union (1410 Union Personal German

, I did not have the opportunity to read it and integrate the author’s views in my study. study. my in views author’s the integrate it and read to opportunity not have the did I , - 5. -

German, and Bohemian queen] (Budmerice; Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo RAK : Historický Historický : RAK Vydavateľstvo Bratislava: (Budmerice; queen] Bohemian and German, The Last Medieval Queens. English Queenship 1445 Queenship English Queens. Medieval Last The 1410 and 1419. 1410 ira rľvá Broa ejk: (1392 Celjská: Barbora kráľovná. Čierna -

hatted’ in the Middle Ages? Sigismund of Luxembourg and the First Decade of the the of Decade First the and Luxembourg of Sigismund Ages? Middle the in hatted’ [The black queen. Barbara of Cilli: (1392 Cilli: of Barbara queen. black [The gnant? gnant? forming a roleforming aofauthority. 50

who also intends to write about Barbara’s coronation, inabout and Barbara’s to write also intends who

- 51 1419),” Ph.D. disserta Ph.D. 1419),”

made to establish a new understanding of Barbara in in Barbaraof understanding new a establish to made -

related questions. Before this time, the queens were were queens the time, this Before questions. related queens, stripped of their title to being, at the end, end, the at being, to title their of stripped queens, 13

tion (Budapest: Central European University). University). European Central (Budapest: tion 52 - - 41 žvtý rbh hrkj rímsko uhorskej, príbeh životný 1451) 1451) i 1451)

- 1503 then, other circumstances like circumstances other then, ceal a vital part of everyday of part vital a ceal nsightful book about the life of the the of lifethe about book nsightful

(New York: Oxford University University Oxford York: (New

- CEU eTD Collection College London 1995 April London College 55 54 231. 1997), Press, Boydell The UK: (Woodbridge, Anne Duggan ed. 53 and positive stereotypes the from women imperial and royal of history true a extract to possible Gottesleugnerin”), Go of denier and bitch “faulty a of speak sources narrative the if not, was she if And pious? reallywas person this that thinking in trusted be sources visual the Can t praying or cross the beneath kneeling depicted are Ages Middle the of queens Often silence. and mercy, chastity, piety, beauty, were queen a from required qualities a player, w political dangerous a be queen the Could coin? the of side another there was or succession, the secure and children bear to used, be to waiting scapegoats, only Ages Middle one sto whole the out Can figure differently? reinterpreted be sources the can But connections. family good with and dowry good a with additionally got one prize the end; an to means a were women, only

ealthy land ealthy Krzenck, “Messalina,” 62. “Messalina,” Krzenck, János M. Bak, “Queens as Scapegoats in Medieval Hungary,” in Hungary,” Medieval in Scapegoats as “Queens Bak, M. János Anne Duggan, ed., ed., Duggan, Anne

– - owner, with own ambitions and ideas, with a wish for authority? for wish a with ideas, and ambitions own with owner,

which pictorial image, narrative history,and literary 54 Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at King's King's at Held Conference a of Proceedings Europe: Medieval in Queenship and Queens

how can that be interpreted? interpreted? be that can how

(Wo

ry from the details that still are written down? Were the queens of the of queens the Were down? written are still that details the from ry odbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 1997), xv. 1997), Boydell Press, The UK: odbridge,

n h wrs f ne ugn “s it “Is Duggan: Anne of words the In Queens and Queens

topoi Queenship in Medieval Europe Medieval in Queenship

have constructed?” have d” (“feile Dirne und und Dirne (“feile d” o the Virgin Mary. Mary. Virgin the o 53

The general The –

negative 55 ,

CEU eTD Collection sch to known was charter this active, was he when century, twentieth the of beginning the and nineteenth the of end 57 (Zagreb: yearthe1526] to times oldest fromthe First part: history. Smičiklas, Tadija See time. took his wedding the that overview historical his “ac written in is work His 1406. in wrote place Smičiklas Tadija 20. Albrecht”, König und Sigmund Sigism as Barbara mention that charters the consors being foundation his 1406, February in wedding the places 56 Croatian the for wedding; the with dealing when scholars international and Croatian between division intere is it Furthermore, Croatia. of outside themselves establish to opinions their for hard it made Croatian in written were works their all that fact the charter, following twe the of area the in heard widely not of half first the and nineteenth the from scholars is the though even so scholarship, international scholars Croatian of voice the that also is problem Gr als Chronik ihre und in information false the to due fixed been had that dates general the by overruled gets usually author the hi the in or Cillis the about texts Croatian few much get not did Barbara like woman a did, it if even and wealth, and importance their to due deserve w extent the to family Cilli the with deal not did scholarship Croatian her about sources narrative the in given information the by birth her dated they around: way other the just is it rather, Sigismund. to marriage her dating with problems significant some had scholarship early Introduction

In agreement with my research Šišić places the marriage in the year 1405 in Krapina, which means that at the the at that means which Krapina, in 1405 year the in marriage the places Šišić research my with agreement In 16 Cilli”, von “Barbara Chilian, See olars, or at least a few of them, but it has apparently been forgotten. See forgotten. hasbeen apparently but it them, few least a of at or olars, , Regarding the fact that no known sources mention the date or year of Barbara's birth, birth, Barbara's of year or date the mention sources known no that fact the Regarding

teh etr dd rmt 10 a te ae f h wdig n wr aae f the of aware were and wedding the of date the as 1405 promote did century ntieth domina regina domina coas rpn i te niptd lc o te wedding the of place undisputed the is Krapina scholars attention. This is why the issue of the year of year the of issue the why is This attention.

the narrative sources narrative the

or or serenissima princeps serenissima fn von afen ois hvtk. i pv: d asaii veea o oie 1526 godine do vremena najstarijih od prvi: Dio hrvatska. Poviest wedding cording to the sources” sources” the to cording

- 18. Max Zawadsky, who wrote his dissertation a few years after Chilian, Chilian, after years few a dissertation his wrote who Zawadsky, Max 18. Cilli Das Leben König König Leben Das

CHAPTER rlig lnl o te rt o te sources. the of truth the on blindly relying , wih il e icse i dti below. detail in discussed be will which , . See . 15 storical overviews, or if it does it if or overviews, storical Zawadsky, “Die Cillier und ihre Beziehungen zu Kaiser Kaiser zu Beziehungen ihre und Cillier “Die Zawadsky,

TWO –

no references are available, as was the custom in in custom the was as available, are references no Sigismunds Matica hrvatska, 1882), 473. 473. 1882), hrvatska, Matica

the wedding the Šišić,

and Povijest Hrvata Povijest , for international ones, ones, international for ,

does not emerge in the the in emerge not does hich this family would family this hich Die Freien von Saneck Saneck von Freien Die 57 sting to see the the see to sting , the opinion of opinion the ,

, 228. ,

Another Another [Croatian 56

und’s und’s The

Or CEU eTD Collection Press, 1991), 55, 59, 65. 59, 55, 1991), Press, 60 kronológiája történeti h support not does he overview, his of character general the to due but 1405, in place took marriage the that states 59 “Mati Izdanje time](Zagreb: Šišić, Krapina], medieval of development urban [The traditions] their and Krapina around Zagrebu u muzeja [Castles Arheološkog njima” o predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, Vjekoslav Zlatar] and Krapina of districts the of [Monuments 58 Mary approaching suitors several also and throne the to pretenders several with complicated, necessary. mi was consummation a only valid, (Figure be to cousins marriage were couple the since relation, family close of problem the with deal also would which requested, was dispensation papal a strata, royal the in common a celebrate to able be to order in therefore seven, under ageof were the gotyoungest both at thatLouis’ time the engaged in1373; of daughters, ro into Anjou, them of Mary and Sigismund son. marrying a him bears wife his by that hoping secretly while families, daughters, three his and kingdom his of future the secure to wanted Anjou, of Louis Croatia, and Poland, Hungary, of king The motivated. politically Cilli The Barbara’sfamily and Sigismu engagement to events precedingwedding Barbara’s charter and relating the toit. evidence. the of interpretation correct more th that Luxembourg, and Hungary by organized “ project exhibition the to connected 2006 and 2005 would couple in Sigismund about conferences and research recent to onlydue the is it scholarship, international where place likely least the is Krapina is statement with any sources, see sources, any with statement is

Pálosfalvi, “Barbara und “Barbara Pálosfalvi, sa Halecki, Oscar Those who mention the wedding in Krapina are Gjuro Szabo, “Spomenici kotara Krapina i Zlatar” Zlatar” i Krapina kotara “Spomenici Szabo, Gjuro are Krapina in wedding the mention who Those ovd Hvj Vki Hvtnć neoo oa (1350 doba njegovo i Hrvatinić Vukčić Hrvoje Vojvoda Sigismund’s first marriage was, like many others among the nobles of that time, time, that of nobles the among others many like was, marriage first Sigismund’s

ic te oiia stain n ugr atr oi’ dah a mr than more was death I Louis’ after Hungary in situation political the Since awg o Aju n te ie f E of Rise the and Anjou of Jadwiga

[Historical chronology of Hungary], vol. 1 (Budapest: Akadémiai, 1981), 241. 1981), Akadémiai, (Budapest: 1 vol. Hungary], chronology of [Historical

die Grafen von Cilli,” 296; Föß 296; Cilli,” von Grafen die ce hrvatske”, 1902), 192. 192. hrvatske”,1902), ce

10, no. 1 (1909): 13; (1909): 1 no. 10, Engel, Engel,

The Realm of St. Stephen St. of Realm The

aoi nttt z pvjs umjetnosti povijest za Instituta Radovi Vjes 59 Ratko Vučetić, “Prostorni razvoj srednjo razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, Ratko

In the following pag following Inthe 16 nik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu u muzeja Arheološkog nik Europe Central ast

el, “Barbara von Cilli”, 101. Pál Engel also correctly correctly also Engel Pál 101. Cilli”, von “Barbara el, r hs en sih mvmn twrs a towards movement slight a been has ere sponsalia de sponsalia ssing, no other religious ceremony was was ceremony religious other no ssing, - 1416) iimnu rx t imperator et rex Sigismundus nd , 207; Benda Kálmán, ed., ed., Kálmán, Benda 207; ,

[Duke Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić and his his and Hrvatinić Vukčić Hrvoje [Duke

futuro (New Jersey: Columbia University University Columbia Jersey: (New ae married. have

es I am going to analyze the analyze goingto am I es , a form of engagement of form a ,

4 20) 1; Ferdo 12; (2000): 24 13, no. 1 (1914): 111; 111; (1914): 1 no. 13, vjekovne Krapine” Krapine” vjekovne 58

Magyarország Magyarország 2 s o the for As . o the For ).

”, jointly jointly ”, Vjesnik Vjesnik yal CEU eTD Collection 66 animos desierit, 65 esse eorum See uncle. Sigismund's ofPomerania, Duke ofIV, Casimir rex mortua, coniuge Sigismundus, 64 quasi regem, intenderant novum sibi sufficiendum claim his also that thought nobles many that seemed it however, death Mary’s After captivity. in were they while and Mary Queen and Elizabeth Regent Halecki, See one. male a preferably 63 him, succeed to child a and J throne steady a of serious need rather a in in was himself found he Sigismund position; pregnant, while died Mary and Poland, of ruler the and alive still siste her inherit would one other die the would descendants, without sisters and another Anjou before the of one if that decided was it 1383 from agreement an in that was problem Another cr was Sigismund death. his after “king” 62 61 throne. Polish the to claim a had have could Sigismund so dynasty, Piast the of descendant independence. his of demonstration a and barons the against powerlessness his towards rebellion of act an therefore Margaretawas with engagement Sigismund’s adversary. political Sigismund’s and Naples of King the Durazzo, daughterof the even candidateswasthe of one so value, political their weighingking, side. wife, his of seemed more urgent. than succession direct by not marriage, king was Sigismund that fact the and 1395 in death tragic Mary’s With mature. more be to bride the for wait to necessity the to due than rather be should consummation consummated. be would marriage praesenti de sponsalia her before adwiga of Anjou of adwiga

Since his wife Mary had died and h and died had wifeMary Since his Hoensch, Halecki, Sigismund was elected king of Hungary on 31 March 1387 in his own right, during the uprising against Queen Queen against uprising the during right, own his in 1387 March 31 on Hungary of king elected was Sigismund She His father was the Holy Roman Emperor, but Mary's father was the king of Hungary, and she was crowned crowned was she and Hungary, of king the was father Mary's but Emperor, Roman Holy the was father His 64 was the daughter of Henry VIII, Duke of Brzeg and his wife Margareta of Masovia, who was the widow widow the was who Masovia, of Margareta wife his and Brzeg of Duke VIII, Henry of daughter the was

s ög onc sae, h brn wr crfly erhn fr nw ie o the for wife new a for searching carefully were barons the states, Hoensch Jörg As What is rarely mentioned is that Sigismund got engaged almost a year after the death death the after year a almost engaged got Sigismund that is mentioned rarely is What

Jadwiga of Anjou of Jadwiga 63 . See Klaić, Klaić, See . Kaiser Sigismund sponsalia

and was otherwise a stranger in the Kingdom of Hungary, the need for a new wifenew a for need the Hungary, of Kingdom the in stranger a otherwise was and with Princess Margareta, Duchess of Brzeg (Brieg), his cousin on his mother’s mother’s his on cousin his (Brieg), Brzeg of Duchess Margareta, Princess with , 223. , 220, Povijest Hrvata

with Sigismund with

happened. It is known that on 12 May 1386 it was decided that the that decided was it 1386 May 12 on that known is It happened. , 158. , , 91. ,

nesod n ead o h aoe etoe pltcl situation, political mentioned above the to regard in understood

er sister had a legal opportunity to claim the Hungarian throne. Hungarian the claim to legalopportunity a had sister er

2, 264, 312 264, 2, owned afterwards, but his function was seen more as a prince consort. consort. prince a as more seen was function his but afterwards, owned

61 o h Hnain hoe a waee. … weakened. was throne Hungarian the to

Mary was fifteen at that time, but such a “late” age of age “late” a such but time, that at fifteen was Mary was consummated, it is difficult to say when the actual actual the when say to difficult is it consummated, was - 313; Halecki, 313; 65 17

agrt ws lo go a also was Margareta

Hoensch, Hoensch, Jadwiga of Anjou of Jadwiga Kaiser Sigismund Kaiser r’s throne. Since Mary’s sister was sister Mary’s Since throne. r’s , 240. , , ad primates Hungarorum

91.

d hie en a being choice od

62 bt by but ,

Charles Charles 66

Figure *1365 DaughterN.N. 2 . The family tree of Mary of Anjou and Sigismund of treeMaryandof Anjou Sigismund Luxemburg family . The of of Katanec) (Sara - † 1366 Catherine of Anjou

CEU eTD Collection *1370 - † 1378 King of Hungaryand Croatia King of Hungary,Croatia Charles Robertof Anjou Elizabeth Kotromanić of * c. * 1339c. Regent of Poland Elizabeth Piast *1326 *1288 *1305 Louis I Anjou andPoland ∞ ∞ Bosnia 1353 1320 - - - † † † - † 1382 1342 1380 1387 King of Hungaryand *1371 Mary of Anjou Croatia - † 1395 18

Władysław Władysław JagiełłoII *c.1351 Hedwig of Anjou *1374 King of Poland Hedwig of Kalisz *1260 King of Poland *1266 ∞ 1386 - the Elbow - † - ∞ † 1434† - 1399 † † 1339 1333 - High

Sigismund Sigismund of Luxemburg Charles IV, HolyRoman Elizabeth of Pomerania Bogislaw V, Duke of Elizabeth Piast (1.) 2. 2. Barbara of Cilli ∞ ∞ (1373)1385, 1. 1. Mary of Anjou * 1326 * 1368 *1316 *1347 (1401)1405 Pomerania Emperor ∞ 1343 - - - ∞ - † † † † 1378 1393 1437 1361 ∞ 1. Aldona of Lithuania Casimir Casimir TheIII Great 4. 4. Hedwig of Żagán * 1310 King of Poland ∞ 1325, 1365 - † 1370 Willliam, Willliam, Count of Cilli Władysław JagiełłoII 1380/81 *c.1351 Anna Piast (4.) *1361 *1366 King of Poland Anna of Cilli ∞ ∞ ∞ 1402 1380/82 - - - - † † † 1434† † 1394 1425 1416

CEU eTD Collection 71 See matter. whole this on new light might shed Margareta called also was Margareta since anything 70 69 see thecharter 68 “Ei See Wertner, kam…”). Schaden grossem zu darnach er davon ausrichtete, Ungarn gegen Wille unserem nach Schwester seine Fräulein das Muhme liebe unsere er (“da betrothal her for sister his equipping while troubles financial into Ludwig brother Her dowry. her for funds receiving probably beneficiary, a as 1400 May 67 baron the by imprisoned was Sigismund disputed. still is 1401 April from charter the lineage, royal of spouses the wrong were assumptions their that considering and year, later a to marriage Barbara’s dating when wife his calledMargareta he that settled, been had so was he or ceremony, the finalize happened mid in settled was dowry the After this: like looked have carissima nostra conthorali Breega, ( Hungary to entourage an with brought be to was and wife, Sigismund’s as addressed was Margareta 1401, April 8 sto the to more was there that indications was are there off, broken which engagement an only was there that claimed or relationship this of aware been not mostly has scholarship recent Although years. of couple a for postponed was marriage dowry. the for funds raising trouble had family bride’s the and relationship, close too the of because dispensation papal a needed marriage bride his several marriage: new choice, the his from Sigismund apparently kept Although problems young”. “very been have would she occurred engagement the when 1396 in that say others old; years twelve least at been have would she a Some

See Altmann, Altmann, See Allianz”,261. eheliche unbekannte “Eine Wertner, Wertner, “Zur Genealogie der Cilly”, 38; 38; Cilly”, der Genealogie “Zur Wertner, Hoensch, Hoensch, Föß l rus th argues el 70

uthors claim that Margareta was born before 1384, so at the time of the engagement the of time the at so 1384, before born was Margareta that claim uthors , Iwo , per procurationem per ne unbekannte eheliche Allianz”, eheliche unbekannte ne Kaiser Sigismund Kaiser CDZ 5, 242 5, CDZ Medium regni Medium uld support that the marriage happened by proxy, since it was a custom betweencustom a was it since byproxy, happened marriage the that support uld t abr ws eerd o as to referred was Barbara at - 243. pro conducenda serenissima principe domina Margaretha ducissa de ducissa Margaretha domina principe serenissima conducenda pro , 201. , , 91; 91; ,

and Sigismund was waiting for his bride to come to Hungary to Hungary to come to bride his for waiting was Sigismund and

According to Wertner, Margareta is mentioned twice in a charter from 17 17 from charter a in twice mentioned is Margareta Wertner, to According rather than Sigismund’s wishful thinking. What happened after happened What thinking. wishful Sigismund’s than rather

conthoralis

Wertner, “Eine unbekannte eheliche Allianz”, 258. For the edition of edition the For 258. Allianz”, eheliche unbekannte “Eine Wertner, sure that the marriage would happen now that the dowry dowry the that now happen would marriage the that sure ).

68 259

In explan In - conthoralis 260. 260.

. This old This . 19

Föß

Because Margareta was still was Margareta Because ation, the line of events would most likely most would events of line the ation, in spe in

el, “Barbara von Cilli”, “Barbara el, after December 1405, but that it does not prove prove not does it that but 1405, December after - new insight into Sigismund’s relationship with with relationship Sigismund’s into insight new . 69

Scholars had a similar explanation similar a had Scholars - a 10, ihr h marriage the either 1400, May ry. According to a charter from from charter a to According ry. - to - be was still underage, the the underage, still was be

101. II is said to have gotten gotten have to said is II

under age, the age, under s at the at s

CEU eTD Collection Niclas, das er ihn gefangen in gefangknus solt halten. Des (ward) graff Hermann von Cilli gewahr und nahm nahm und gewahr Cilli gross dem von mit Traa der an do Hermann tädingt und gemercken ungrischen graff dem zu sandt und an (ward) darumb (sich) Des halten. solt gefangknus in gefangen und ihn er herrn das ihren Niclas, antworte hern und ungrisch fingen, etlich und das anfielen sich, fügt Sigmunden Nun könig Görtz. könig, von Heinrichen graff er gab elter die töchter: 75 74 73 72 powerful chronicle AstheCilli states: families. and wealthy with alliances made family Cilli the way this In instead. hand daughter’s his from king the free to Garai and him between arrangement an was daughter Garai Nicolas Palatine to Anna He under power gain to family year.the same of fall the in Barbara with engagement another for chance the had savior, his as mind in Cilli keepingAugustand havingin releasedbeenSigismund, and 1401, of summer the wife. new a of need in again king the leaving release, Sigismund’s after shortly died and late too Hungary reached Margareta but happened, had marriage the that argue authors some so April, of end

Föß Allianz”,261. eheliche unbekannte “Eine Wertner, 15. Albrecht”, König und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen undihre Cillier “Die Zawadsky, Krones, Krones,

married his eldest daughter, Elizabeth, to Henry, count of Gorizia and his middle daughter middle his and Gorizia of count Henry, to Elizabeth, daughter, eldest his married el, “Barbara von Cilli,”96. “Barbara el, . Besides three (legitimate) sons, Besides three(legitimate) Hermann

sons: the oldest he he oldest the sons: count mentioned above The h aoe etoe pltn, n h st re h aoe etoe King mentioned above the free set he Sigismund, whowould otherwise havediedinprison. and palatine, mentioned above the Count thi when And prison. his of out him help to liked have would he that of because And … counts them made and dignity in name their raised who and Cilli, of counts the forefathers, his for had Sigismund, King mentioned the of father the Charles, Emperor that favor, and love great the remembered Sigismund he then free; him set could heKing how about about palatine the and with borderlands River HungarianDrava thethe on to there sent negotiated and it of care took and this of aware Co prison. in captured him hold may he King that so king, and lord their captured Nicolas, calledGarai palatine, the capturedoverto him handedand Sigismund, and attacked nobles Hungarian several Die 72 Freien von Saneck von Freien

Others claim that, according to an an to according that, claim Others 73 Hermann

of Cilli was a practical man practicala was Cilli of n go ot f h vassalage the of out grow and

of Cilli promised to give the hand of his middle daughter to daughter middle his of hand the give to promised Cilli of

gave to the Count Henry of Gorizia. Then it occurred that occurred it Then Gorizia. of Henry Count the to gave , 73 , as hpee, hn h mte ws eoitd that negotiated, was matter the then happened, also s -

74. “Auch hat der obgenandt graff Hermann zu den dreyen suhnen drey drey suhnen dreyen den zu Hermann graff obgenandt der hat “Auch 74. 74 Acrig o h crnce te arae f i middle his of marriage the chronicle, the to According . Hermann

Herman

, an important and wealthy count who count wealthyand important an ,

20 had also three daughters beside the three the beside daughters three also had n II also hadthree ofCilli daughters(Figuren

anniversarium ten ihn gefangen dem grossgraffen, genandt Gara Gara genandt grossgraffen, dem gefangen ihn ten hc te asug hv pt them put have Habsburgs the which unt unt Hermann 75

from Brieg, Margareta died in died Margareta Brieg, from

of Cilli became Cilli of

prison and receive and prison

Hermann

wanted his his wanted - graffe

n von von n

3 of of ).

CEU eTD Collection 78 16. Albrecht”, König und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen choice. perfect the was Anna, king, Piast ofa granddaughter the so and rights, withhereditary possibly was sought, spouse new suitable right,a hus her and empty was throne the Because 1399. in child newborn 77 13 1939), štampa, historije svjetlu u Desinićka Veronika 76 mussen.” hettsterben gefengknus in der anders der ledig, königSigmundt dem Cilli von Hermann graff das gross vertheidingt, ehegenandten sach die wardt do beschah, das auch Als geholffen. an gefenknus sy und hett, Cilli von graffen un die erhöht den hett gunst, würdigkeit vorfodern undnamen ihrem seinen lieb zu gross vatter, die Sigmundts bedacht könig er bemelten dann des machen; Carl, mugen keyser ledig hett ihn er wie wegen, Sigmundts könig The event. famous this regarding chronicler that: states one the is Barbara mentioning references few the of after they dau count’s the of engagement marriage, the on agreed royal a of advantages financial the of also likely most and political the of comply. The mar 1400, in girl the for sent king widowed the When throne. Polish the strengthen to order in Anjou, of Hedwig wife dying his by than other none by and wife next the be to chosen was remarried, mother uncle, her As succession. of game the in and Figure 3 king, Polish the of daughters the of one Anna, wife, his and of daughter the was She influence. and court, his king, link a was Anna and Hungary, of king the to connection direct a as useful was glory and titles, lands, Cilli the of all inherit to was Frederick Anna. cousin their

Chilian, “Barbara von Cilli”, 16 von Cilli”, “Barbara Chilian, her shortly after died She Poland. “king”of as crowned similarly was who sister, Anjou's of Mary was Hedwig xet n h yas f h dsgemn bten h fte ad h sn (1422 son the and father the between disagreement the of years the in Except the king’s the Since Sigismund owed his life to life his owed Sigismund Since Amo ng all of his children, he built up his hopes mostly upon Frederick, Barbara, and and Barbara, Frederick, upon mostly hopes his up built he children, his of all ng ). Beinggranddaughter ). Piast of the thelast -

14. release from prison in August 1401. August in prison from release - riage took place on riage took graffen ehelich zu geben sein mittere tochter versprach, und und versprach, tochter mittere sein geben zu ehelich graffen

raising her in Celje together with Barbara and her sisters. Apparently she she Apparently sisters. her and Barbara with together Celje in her raising

Halecki, - 17, Klaić, Klaić, 17, of the soon the of

d zu graffen gemacht … . Und darumb hett er ihm auch gern aus seiner seiner aus gern auch ihm er hett darumb Und . … gemacht graffen zu d [Veronika awg o Anjou of Jadwiga

29 January 1402. Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest Herman

Hermann - of Desinić in the light of history] (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska Jugoslavenska (Zagreb: history] of light the in Desinić of to ghter, Barbara, with Sigismund Sigismund with Barbara, ghter, - 21 be widowed Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło, Jagiełło, II Władysław king Polish widowed be

27 264 257, , 2, 341, 383. 341, 2, of Cilli of

78 adopted her adopted 77

In the chronicle of the Cilli family one family Cilli the of chronicle the In

king, she was toplaya role significant band had to be re be to had band

Hermann , and because because and , Hermann -

265; 265;

Casimir The Great (see Figure 2 2 Figure (see Great The Casimir

after her father died and her her and died father her after aasy “i Clir u Cillier “Die Zawadsky, ’s cousin, William of Cilli, of William cousin, ’s machet also den ehegenandten ehegenandten den also machet

was more than happy to happy than more was - 1425). See Viktor Kučinić, Kučinić, Viktor See 1425). - elected as king in his own own his in king as elected the Count was aware aware was Count the probably already probably to the Polish the to

76 , Barbara , nd ihre ihre nd

CEU eTD Collection und darumb bathen. Und also wardt graff Hermann von Cilli jüngere tochter könig Sigmunden zu einer einer zu Sigmunden Smičiklas, könig tochter jüngere Cilli von 80 Hermann graff wardt gegeben.” gemahl ehelichen also Und bathen. darumb und schrieben darumb all Ungern in herrn mechtigsten die ihn wan als beschah, Das baten. darumb vleissig auch ihn Nur wolt. thun nicht wohlgefall und zusagten ersten herrn und prelaten ungrischen am die ihm das zuwegen, nicht es Hermann bracht könig der allein graff aber freundtschaft das geben, grosser zu gemahl ehelichen und He einer zu treu graff die ihm Sigmundt Barbara, solcher könig auch aber ihn bat und wolt lassen, und unvergolten ihm gegen hinwiederumb Sigmundt könig ih und thet, 79 gratefulness of result a as marriage the of speaks also Windecke all. at Celje to go to having s Pápa, in meeting Sigismun the at was chronicle, the in mentioned engagement, his for prelates betrothed. his tha notable also is Sigismund that claims Klaićsince especiallyCelje, to refer Pápa. of city the in October 29 Hungary to returned he Afterwards death. Mary’s Queen after life immoral and amorous Sigismund’s criticized who Hungary in nobles the calm to wanted he way this In daughter.” his to engaged got he where Hermann, to “went at personally met have might couple the Klaić, Vjekoslav king the and barons Hungarian the of plea the upon only so did finally that meaning

Krones, Krones, Klaić, Klaić,

wife. Count of daughter younger the was so And it. for him asked and him to wrote Hungary in nobles powerful wer they and lords most the of all because happened, This it. for diligently count) (the him begged and prelates Hungarian the from consent Count first at which wife, his be to Barbara, named daughter, young his him give to Cilli a unrewarded, friendship great and fidelity such leave to want not did and mind in him kept Sigismund King why is that died, have otherwise should he which in prison, hard his from flee Sinc Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest Die Freien von Saneck von Freien Die Poviest hrvatska Poviest wn t Cle ny afterwards only Celje to went d n aus seiner harten gefengknus geholffen hett, darin er anders hett sterben mussen, do bedacht nun nun bedacht do mussen, sterben hett anders er darin hett, geholffen gefengknus harten seiner aus n e the Count the e 79

There Hermann

t neither Klaić, nor any other Croatian scholar mentions Margareta, even as as even Margareta, mentions scholar Croatian other any nor Klaić, neither t Herman

is a possibility that the consent that Sigismund got from the barons and barons the from got Sigismund that consent the that possibility a is , 4. mčka as age ta Sgsud et o ej t gt erte, see betrothed, get to Celje to went Sigismund that argues also Smičiklas 341. 2, , 466. ,

Herman thought profoundly about giving Barbara’s hand to the king, and and king, the to hand Barbara’s giving about profoundly thought n did not want to do. But the king himself managed to get to managed himself king the But do. to want not did n

, 74 , - 80 75. “Do nun graff Hermann von Cilli so gar wol an dem könig Sigmunden Sigmunden könig dem an wol gar so Cilli von Hermann graff nun “Do 75. n of Cilli did good to King Sigismund and helped him helped and Sigismund King to good did Cilli of n

The place where Sigismund went in this assumption might assumption this in went Sigismund where place The Hermann

nd so King Sigismund asked Count Count asked Sigismund King so nd

and called the barons and prelates to a meeting on meeting a to prelates and barons the called and r lil are with agreed plainly or

22 of Cilli given to King Sigismund as a a as Sigismund King to given Cilli of

rmann von Cilli umb sein junge tochter, genandt genandt tochter, junge sein umb Cilli von rmann

that time already, since Sigismund since already, time that returned Hermann

to Hungary afterwards. It afterwards. Hungary to himself. and pleased e Herman

n h so, not spot, the on According to to According n of n en sy und und sy en o CEU eTD Collection 86 12. Albrecht”, König nob Hungarian “nationalized” Baronum this have to were Cillis the Vrbova that stated and also charter Vinica the castles the and Varaždin of city the Hermann gave Sigismund when 1397, from donation the With foreigner. a as barons and nobles other the by seen was he that argue still would I kingdom, the of part 85 84 dynastisch 52. 2003), Thorbecke, (Ostfildern: Ein Reich. spätmittelalterlichen 83 82 81 since wi Hungary and Poland between connections family reestablish to wanted Sigismund that is opinion another Again weight. most the decision his gave probably reasons g a of out this did he that be may certainly It kingdom. the in persons foreigner a of captive him held counselors. foreign his of himself who rid he that demanded barons, the of spite in prison from released was he after this did Sigismund that stating couple, the of betrothal the on perspective another gives Engel Pál for Habsburgs the of out get to tried Cillis the shows, family Cilli the of history reason. enough strong a not was Barbara to engaged be to Sigismund for motive a to were he if in himself find would he position new the and Habsburgs the to relation in only marriage the about thoughts second notes, wisely Chilian As sides. both for benefits with agreement engagemen the so king, the from for longed he that a in ally wealthyand strong needed Sigismund as much as because true been have to likely not is this above, stated “repayingfor prison,it, or as Sigismund’s releasefrom he putsloyalt

Zawadsky, “Die Cillier und ihre Beziehungen zu Kaiser Sigmund und König Albrecht”, 16. Albrecht”, König und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen undihre Cillier “Die Zawadsky, Engel, 16. von Cilli”, “Barbara Chilian, n.See Although Hermann was by that time the owner of lands in southern in lands of owner the time that by was Hermann Although oans rbae, Cli Gae vn Sneg Fee o)” in von),” Freie (Sannegg, von Grafen “Cilli, Grabmayer, Johannes

111. The Realm of St. Stephen St. of Realm The o cousin close a was Barbara , giving them therefore the same status as the Hungarian barons had, but the Cillis were still seen as as seen still were Cillis the but had, barons Hungarian the as status same the therefore them giving ,

85 years, so years, , but he also made the foreigner, foreigner, the made also he but ,

Hermann e. See les. Herman , 207. ,

Zawadsky, “Die Cillier und ihre Beziehungen zu Kaiser Sigmund und und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen ihre und Cillier “Die Zawadsky,

’s decision could have only been a move in this direction. this in move a been only have could decision ’s n, n, engage in an alliance with the king, and gratitude alone as as alone gratitude and king, the with alliance an in engage Herman

- oorpice Handbuch topographisches n equally needed the support in lands and money money and lands in support the needed equally n 23 more et ad instar ceterorum ipsius regni nostri Hungarie Hungarie nostri regni ipsius ceterorum instar ad et more te e Pls quee Polish new the f

Hermann t would most likely have been a mutual a been have likely most would t 84

Not only did he marry the daughter the marry he did only Not

Hungary and Slavonia, so technically a a technically so Slavonia, and Hungary

f il, n o te wealthiest the of one Cilli, of ,

o. 1, vol. Hermann y withloyalty” Lehensherrschaft öe und Höfe

rudge, but the other other the but rudge, ed. Werner Paravicini Paravicini Werner ed. (iue 3 (Figure n h hs marriage, this th

could have had had have could

eiezn im Residenzen 81 82 , but as I, butas

As the As of the the of and ). 86 83 c, c,

*1380/81 *c. 1331*c. William, of Count William, Ulrich I, Count of CountI, Ulrich *c.1351 *1366 *1361 King of Poland of King Władysław IIWładysław Anna of Cilli of Anna Adelheid of Adelheid Anna Piast Anna Ortenburg *1436 Jagiełło ∞ 1402∞ 1380∞ ∞ 1360∞ Herman IV † 1391† Cilli Cilli Figure - - - - - † 1425† 1392† - †1452 † 1434 † 1368† † 1416† 3 Ulrich Ulrich II (1.), Countof Katarina Branković *1405/06 . The Cilli family tree(Sara family Katanec) Cilli . The *1438/9 †1443/5 George Bishop of Bishop Freising ∞ 1434 *1385 *1385 Cilli additionally additionally illegitimate, legitimized IV Herman - - †1456 - † 1421 † Matthias Corvinus *1441 Elizabeth Elizabeth II Frederick Frederick (2.) III - ∞ †1455 Frederick CountII, Celje of 3. Veronika Cyeszynof 1. Elizabeta Frankapan 2. Veronika Desinić († (*1386 *1379 (Teschen) CEU eTD Collection ∞ c. 1405 1425) - - †1422) †1454 † after after 1462 † John Diemut of Wallsee of Diemut Frederick I, CountI, Frederick of Cilli from 1341 from Cilli of *c. 1300*c. Herman II II Herman Daughter Daughter N. 1359/60 *1431 † 1357† (1.) † bef. bef. † 1474 ∞

- † *1363 George I George (1.) Hans - *1433 † 1372† 2.Władysław Cyeszynof († Herman III, Herman III, Count Celje of 1. Elizabeth Abensbergof 1. Herman of Montfort 2. Beatrice of Bavaria Catherine Catherine Kotromanić *c. 1411/15 Herman I, I, Hermanof Count Pfanberg (†1435) ∞ 1430,∞ 1444/5 *1332/34 *1332/34 ∞ 1403,∞ 1422 Margareth (1.) *1380 *1336 *1336 ( † bef. †bef. 1423 1460/63) of Bosnia of ∞ ∞ 1361/2 - Cilli †1426 - - †c.1396 - †1480 † 1385 † Johann Johann III ) *c. 1358*c. CountII, Herman *1434 (1.) *1365 - Schaunberg Anna of Anna ∞ 1377∞ of Cilli of 24

- - † 1435†

† 1396† 1. Albert Albert 1. III, of Count †1434 Waldburg Anna *1334/40 *1334/40 Barbara Barbara (1.) Gorizia Gorizia 1365) († ∞ ∞ 1352, 1366 ∞ Truchsess Truchsess von Henry VI, Count of VI,Count Henry 2. 2. *1435 *1376 Katarina *1382 Johann Johann II. Elizabeth Gorizia - († († 1424) † 1389 † - ∞ - † 1454† †1426 Margaret † 1450† *c. 1340 *c.1340 Otto Otto IV,Count of Nicholas II GarayIINicholas Ortenburg † 1374/76 † *1367 *1384 Anna - ∞ 1401/2∞ † † after 1354 ∞ Anna 1438 - - † 1433† † after† *1387 *1387 *1432 Habsburg Anne of Anneof Louis - - †1462 † 1417 † *1435 George - †1435 Albert Albert Habsburg II * 1392* *1368 Sigismund of Sigismund *1397 *1397 *1409 Luxemburg Elizabeth Elizabeth of Luxemburg Barbara ∞ 1405∞ ∞ ∞ 1421 - - - - † 1439 † 1442 † † 1437† † 1451 *1437/8 Elizabeth Elizabeth of Habsburg - † 1505 *1440 Posthumus LadislasV - †1457 CEU eTD Collection König Albrecht”, 21. Albrecht”, König 88 20. Albrecht”, König ac Klaić, see spectabili castra dilecto districtum, assignatis… ac datis boni… sincere puri auri florenis milibus ad octo et quadraginta pro heredibus, grato utilitatibus nostro quibuslibet Zag fideli Cilii, comiti et pertinentibus, Hermanno domino et pertinenciis spectantibus ipsius possessio rite ac ac huiusmodi nuncupatis possessionem eorum Strygo omnibus et Chaaktornya cum castris vocatam, necnon eiusdem, dominio ac territorio 251 stoljeća”, date correctly was charter The 1405. year the for May 24 was date correct the therefore calendar, Orthodox the by affected was calendar liturgical Hungarian the that and date 14 August the 23 calculated as Zawadsky correctly below. Bosnia on discussion the See second. the in beginning war the and 1405, of half first the in Bosnia in campaign the for prepared Sigismund that states he als where narrative, date his This into fit not date. the miscalculated probably he because also but calendars, the between difference the of because only not 1405, August 21 was pledge the of date the that states wrongly Klaić Christianity. Orthodox 87 By Bosnia. in campaigns and war of years the during supremacy his acknowledge and side a became Sigismund connections, family Blagaj of counts also the Thehad familyconnectionswith FrederickElizabeth waspalatine ofCilli. of thewife Croatia medieval in nobleman important and powerful most the brother king’s the marrying By Sigismund. King to help great 1406, of spring the in HermannDalmatia, became of Croatia, ban and Slavonia. wedding, the after and Varaždin, of city the to rights Hermann’s B in campaign a preparing was Sigismund as disposal, his at cash needed much the had who someone for looking just he was or County soon his of favor forints. 48000 for Cilli of Hermann to Međimurje in Čakovec

Klaić, Klaić, The charter is dated with the feast day of St. Helen, which was celeb was which Helen, St. of day feast the with dated is charter The A few months before the wedding, on 24 May 1405 May 24 on wedding, the before months few A father her and Barbara families, noble of number a to related Being Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest Povijest Hrvata Povijest - 252. … 252. , and Nicholas and ,

- -

to in nos totum districtum Drava districtum totum nos - - be father be 2, 375, 383 375, 2, law. The palatine’s sister was the second wife of Nikola IV Frankapan, IV Nikola of wife second the was sister palatine’s The law. 05, but did not take into account that the charter was issued in a Hungarian chancery, chancery, Hungarian a in issued was charter the that account into take not did but 05,

2, 375, 383; 383; 375, 2, - - orie etc., necnon Friderico, Hermanno et Lodovico, filiis suis ipsorumque ipsorumque suis filiis Lodovico, et Hermanno Friderico, necnon etc., orie

in 384; Zawadsky, “Die Cillier und ihre Beziehungen zu Kaiser Sigmund und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen ihre und Cillier “Die Zawadsky, 384; with the Zrinski and Kurjaković families. With such importantsuch With families. Kurjaković and Zrinski the with

- law to grant him a possession near his own in the Zagorje the in own his near possession a him grant to law Zawadsky, “Die Cillier und ihre und Cillier “Die Zawadsky,

desirable ally, so many nobles decided to take his take to decided nobles many so ally, desirable - Murakwz vocatum simulcum universis opidis, villis et totali et villis opidis, universis simulcum vocatum Murakwz si. n Ags 10 Sgsud confirmed Sigismund 1405 August 3 On osnia. Hermann 25

d and edited in Šišić, “Nekoliko isprava iz početka XV. XV. početka iz isprava “Nekoliko Šišić, in edited and d

’s daughter Anna, the palatine became palatine the Anna, daughter ’s 88

87 or Latin to according differently rated , Sigismund pledged the city of city the pledged Sigismund , Beziehungen zu Kaiser Sigmund und und Sigmund Kaiser zu Beziehungen It is not known if he did that in in that did he if known not is It

t ht ie ad i niece his and time, that at . For the other examples examples other the For . Hermann nem Bednya Bednya nem

were of of were o does does o CEU eTD Collection Leroux, 1899), 126. Iorga took his information from Gelcich, Gelcich, from information his took Iorga 126. 1899), Leroux, XV 92 Bosnian Sigismund. to allegiance withdrew their and theirking, the on claim his however him cost how move seeing after crown; This death. to nobles Bosnian captured the all condemned 91 f discussion not would nobles Klaić, See Bosnian king. the their but as Mary, Sigismund Queen accept after months few a died Dabiša happened. never meeting the d his after Sigismund to pass should throne him, Bosnian with the peace that agreed made Dabiša and while king Bosnian rightful the as Dabiša acknowledged Sigismund 1393; July in Dabiša 90 89 coronationeserenissimo sua etinista domineregine regni ( Senate the and Council Major the 1410, October 21 on envoys its to issued Ragusa of Republic the instructions of letter hindered. got plans his but rulers, Bosnian as himself and Barbara crown Sigismund self the of grandniece Bosnia,beingthronethe of the rightto the hadhaveBarbara hand, would other the On throne. stab needed desperately Sigismund given and Mary, Queenlate the of cousin as well as Anjou, of Louisto related beingher through and Elizabeth of grandniece the being Hungary, of throne the to right the had have would she hand, one On ha would Barbara way, Either Kotromanić. I Tvrtko Stephen of sister the or Kotromanić Elizabeth of sister the been have might she disputed; still is noblewoman this Ko Catherine granddaughterof advantage. an take could Sigismund which and theevents 1405 Bosnia of Marrying Barbara ther return. in favors on count could them of everyone issues, political his with king the helping

Klaić, Klaić, Šišić, Šišić, Šišić took the information from Nicolae Iorga, ed., ed., Iorga, Nicolae from information the took Šišić Klaić argues that Sigismund's m Sigismund's that argues Klaić e

siécle Povijest Hrvata Povijest The Cilli’s connections with Hungarian noble families were not the only thing from from thing only the not were families noble Hungarian with connections Cilli’s The

Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest

[Notes and extracts for use in the history of the Crusades in the fifteenth century], vol. 2 (Paris: Ernest (Paris: 2 vol. century], fifteenth the in Crusades the of history the inuse for extracts and [Notes or other scholars. other or o pursue to , 229 , Sigismund dealt with them, the remaining Bosnian nobility reelected Stephen Ostoja as Ostoja Stephen reelected nobility Bosnian remaining the them, with dealt Sigismund 2, 383 2,

- efore seemed tobeaplanned well political tactic. proclaimed first king of Bosnia, which might be another be might which Bosnia, of king first proclaimed h Bo the

- 230. 230. - 384. The war in Bosnia was successful; Sigismund captured the castle Dobor and and Dobor castle the captured Sigismund successful; was Bosnia in war The otivation came from an agreement he made with the Bosnian King Stephen Stephen King Bosnian the with made he agreement an from came otivation na throne. snian

tromanić of Bosnia (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 Figure and 3 Figure (seeBosnia of tromanić

rogati Povijest Hrvata Povijest

) decided to give 1500 ducats as a gift a as ducats 1500 give to decided ) 90

Notes et extraits pour servir a l'histoire des croisades au croisades des l'histoire a servir pour extraits et Notes 26 ii age ta Sgsud vn nedd to intended even Sigismund that argues Šišić As Barbara’s family tree shows, she was the the was she shows, tree family Barbara’s As

2, 306, 312 306, 2, Diplomatarium ilization to his claim for the Hungarian the for claim his to ilization Bossine - 313. This might also be an interesting interesting an be also might This 313. , 195 , . 92 - eath. Some authors claim that that claim authors Some eath.

200 and Jovan Radonić, “Der “Der Radonić, Jovan and 200

ve had royal blood. blood. royal had ve 91 ). The descent of descent The ).

codn o a to According domino nostro domino motivation

for 89

CEU eTD Collection 93 be scholars. other by solved be to this remains issue should Barbara, through thethrone that payment of amount the the of thi Since for Sigismund. mention to Banić granted no Josip is (a colleague there campaigns dear edition my the Gelchich’s thank in that I Furthermore, and peace. translation. the days, and following coronation the said castles. the in endanger king would crowned Bosnians) be agreement, the to by his subjects are will, Bosnians the who translation, ruler In regno.” del incoronarano lo of gurni quisti che et concordio facto one Italian: in them edited and recorded Gelchich although Latin, in to instructions the cites Iorga why meis to unclear still is What 414. 1897), Buchhandlung, Weidmannsche (Berlin: fled Sand Bosnien von Grossvojvode Ostoja and king, elected was Tvrtković Sigismund. to II Hrvoje Tvrtko Stephen 1404, June in recommend Ostoja; depose to decided would nobles Bosnian other Meanwhile Ragusa and throne, Bosnian the on protégé wou Ragusa alliance: an such from profit ( would sides Duke Both Hrvatinić. him: Vukčić with annoyed also was but throne, the on him put who man the with cooperating by rival Bosnian their deposing at work to decided Ragusa of Republic decisio this by Angered Hungary. of king the with peace make to chose Ostoja him, since tactics; his changed to themselves he subject would who opponents war, his of all for the amnesty an proclaimed Sigismund win not would he that saw Ostoja When them. he to Sigismund urged Ragusa of citizens the king, the with relationship good a Having 1403. of summer the in began war a Sigismund, to loyal stayed and refused Ragusa After t demanded Ostoja king. as Ladislaus acknowledge to refused also but supremacy, his acknowledge to refused constantly which Ragusa, of Republic the with war to go to decided Ostoja Zadar, in r the inherit would he death Ladislaus’ after that hoping Venice, of Republic the of ally an and Naples of Ladislaus King of opponent political a was Ostoja Stephen King Bosnian The cause. their support to order Bosni of rulers later and he area, this into reaching by and well, as Dalmatia and Croatia of king be to claimed He state. independent an became

Klaić, Klaić, After Stephen Tvrtko I crowned himself king of Bosnia and Serbia in 1377, Bosnia 1377, in Serbia and Bosnia of king himself crowned I Tvrtko Stephen After

Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest hat Ragusa returns the lands he once gave it and to raise his banners in the city. the in banners his raise to and it gave once he lands the returns Ragusa hat 2, 368 2, - s matter is not really of my concern, but only Sigismund’s motives for pursuing pursuing for motives Sigismund’s only but concern, my of really not is matter s 373. alj Hranić alj ule over all of Croatia and Dalmatia. After Ladislaus’ coronation Ladislaus’ After Dalmatia. and Croatia of all over ule

- Kosača,” in in Kosača,” 27

Archiv für slawische Philologie Philologie slawische für Archiv

a tried to make allies on different sides in sides different on allies make to tried a “che li Bossignani sanno rinduti al signore et a et signore al rinduti sanno Bossignani li “che

19, ed. Vatroslav Jagić Jagić Vatroslav ed. 19, herceg ld place their their place ld

) Hrvoje Hrvoje ) gainst the the gainst , the n,

lp 93

(the relationship) possible dashed lines represent Figu re 4 . The Kotromanić familyKotromanić tree . The King of Hungary,Croatia and Elizabeth Kotromanić *c. *c. 1339 *1326 Louis I Anjou Poland ∞1353 - - †1382

CEU eTD Collection 1387† ∞ ∞ 1323/ legalized1339 3. 3. Elizabeth of Kuyavia Stephen Kotromanić II *1292 Ban of Bosnia

(Sara Katanec)(Sara - † 1353

Herman I, Count of Cilli CatherineKotromanić *1332/34 *1336 ∞ 1361/62 -

†c.1396 - † 1385† King of Bosnia (1404 Stephen Tvrtko II Tvrtković * c.1375 1421 Elizabeth Nemanjić of Serbia - 1382 28 - Stephen I Kotromanić

1443)

*1242 *1270 Ban of Bosnia - † 1443 StephenTvrtko I Kotromanić ∞ ∞ 1284 Ban of Bosnia (1353 King Bosnia of (1377 - 1409, - - Vladislav Kotromanić Dorothea of Bulgaria Co † 1313 † 1331 *c.1306 *1295 - *1338 Jelena Šubić regent of Bosnia † c.1391† ∞1374 - - ∞ - † c. c. † 1378 † 1354 †1391 King of Bosnia - - 1377) 1391) Stephen Ostoja 1409 †1418 - 1418) (1398 King of Bosnia (1391 - 1404, Jelena (Gruba)Nikolić Ninoslav Kotromanić *after 1339 Stephen Dabiša * c.1288 ∞ - †1395 - 1395) CEU eTD Collection century 96 95 94 these questions( Sigismund King by 1405 November 16 on Slavonia medieval Krapina in issued charter a Yet, Sigismund. to marriage her dating as well as year birth Problems dating wedding: The resolved? with Krapina Acharter from wintertime and hisstrengthagather togo war for during fighting avoid to probably again, retreated he so successful, were 1407 of half second the in campaigns the of none illness, his to Due down. turned repeatedly was which Venice, m to trying Sigismund with 1407, and 1406 during continued friction withdrew. army his so it, arm the hold not could through he castle, Bihać breached having after but Bosnia: in long stay not did directly, Sigismund not although Ragusa, in also and Ladislaus King in allies having Bosnia with 1405, of half second the in started war The army. an gathering su his of deposition the with unhappy was Sigismund and King However, formalities. other Bosnia it giving with war recent the in lost had republic the lands the all back giving Ragusa, Tvrtko revoked.

Klaić, Klaić, Klaić, Ferdo Šišić, “Nekoliko isprava iz početka XV. stoljeća” [ stoljeća” XV. početka iz isprava “Nekoliko Šišić, Ferdo jc i Bsi, o e rprd o a a i te is hl o 10, asn fns and funds raising 1405, of half first the in war a for prepared he so Bosnia, in bject ], ], As mentioned above, scholarship had significant problems with establishing Barbara’s establishing with problems significant had scholarship above, mentioned As were moves political his of most influence, Ostoja’s of themselves rid to order In

Povijest Hrvat Povijest Hrvata Povijest atclry rieoty n p and praiseworthy particularly a in beginning good this continue should we that so also and chamber wedding our of consort a made have we Her marriage. of laws the to according queen a Zagorje, lord of daughter Barbara, lady young famous the that right it found have werule, our to subjects faithful those all to even but us, long and joy future the in that so After was toourheartpa it tochoose suggested flame theright by thehighest Starine

39 (1938): 258; 258; (1938): 39 should be joined to us as a spouse and should be joined in our rule as rule our in joined be should and spouse a as us to joined be should F I udr h ifune f ue roe md pae ih h Rpbi of Republic the with peace made Hrvoje, Duke of influence the under II, igure igure a 2, 378 2, 374 2, 5 ). 94 - - 96 379; 379; 376.

On their way home Sigismund married Barbara in Krapina. The The Krapina. in Barbara married Sigismund home way their On CDZ5 The interesting most inthis part

Mályusz, Mályusz,

, 416 ,

- 417. Kaiser Sigismund in Ungarn in Sigismund Kaiser asbe a, e ae eie t distinguish to decided have we way, lausible - lasting security should come forth not just for for just not forth come should security lasting

in 1408. Several

charters from the from charters Hermann 95

document

could help to find an answer to to answer an find to help could ,139 , count of Cilli and Cilli of count , - 140.

is the

beginning of the fifteenth the of beginning k a alac with alliance an ake

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CEU eTD Collection oie eto et e vbs rmse ooain rgnl itrse eets e tnaii nbs t eidem et nobis teneamini, seu seu debeatis interesse vos reginali ut co honores regine coronacioni quoque, premisse volentes vobis ex enunciare, certi testimoni fidelitatibus vestro vestris nomine Budensis, gaudium nostri solemnitatis castellani huius eidem Zeeli nostrum committentes fidelem magistri per reginalis germanum coronacionis premisse Jacobum locum et dilectum diem ad volentes, effici participes desiderati, 98 38 Cilly”, author. the by Translated a proxime confessoris nunc ut Nicolai beati vero festo in hanc videlicet dominica sociavimus, die in regio deducamus, utilius nostro et laudabilius thoro bonum concrescat, principium quam copulandam, perennis duximus no matrimonii Sagurie, tranquillitas lege et reginam leticiaet Cyli in comitis nostris fidelibus Hermanni domini subiectis filiam nostro Barbaram, virginem regimini inclitam cunctis eciam verum nobis, 97 been to factinvitation found. thatthecrowning this The wonder preserved was by isa itself. ceremonycrowning It aofitself has pitynowrittendocument the also queen. that thefuture is were also hiscourt, probably invited, aspartwith him of already not were who king, the of subjects other several which to event, festive and important steadin his ifhe himselfcannot attend: shou he that highlighting coronation, the in part take and witness to provost Dayin upcomingNicholas’ the Saint crownedhave on her chapte some distinguish can one Inessentialthe charter announces information. King andtothe Sigismund Buda totheprovost expressions courteous the past looking formula, customary a things the of most Although

CDZ 5, 417. 417. 5, CDZ CDZ 5, 417. 417. 5, CDZ r that he has married Barbara of Cilli, consummated the marriage, and that he plans to plans he that and marriage, the consummated Cilli, of Barbara married has he that r From this part of the charter one can see that Barbara’s coronation was also an an also was coronation Barbara’s that see can one charter the of part this From

show usthe to and queen the to and us to honors due the pay to order in there be to obliged be should behalf your on people designated some or you either queen, our of occ solemn coronation aforementioned the this at present be of should you that joy want we because the faithfulness your to announce to entrusting to queen, our the him of to coronation aforesaid Buda, the from of date castellan the on our and Zeel,place master of brother the Jacob, beloved pres the of means by faithfulness your joy of kind invite we truthfullysuspect, I as time this long a for you bydesired been of has which part a faithfulness your make to wishing this, of Because one which iscoming now. of city royal the in the queens, Confessor, the Nicholas for St. of feast the custom namely Sunday, on Székesfehérvár the is it as crown, holy the with her - 39.

ffuturo ad instar moris reginalis in regali civitate Albensi sacro diademate decrevimus insignire. decrevimus diademate sacro Albensi civitate regali in reginalis moris instar ad ffuturo ugrne siquidem Suggerente upotr eta fid vestram Quapropter ngruos impensuri, fidelitatemque debitam ostensuri. debitam fidelitatemque impensuri, ngruos

loyalty youloyaltyowe us. For the German translation of the same charter see Wertner, “Zur Genealogie der der Genealogie “Zur Wertner, see charter same the of translation German the For

that are stated in the charter are figures of speech that are part of of part are that speech of figures are charter the in stated are that

cordi nostro altissimo flamine partem bonam eligere, ut exinde nedum nedum exinde ut eligere, bonam partem flamine altissimo nostro cordi

97 elitatem huiusmodi gaudii per vos, ut verisimiliter estimamus, a diu diu a estimamus, verisimiliter ut vos, per gaudii huiusmodi elitatem

ent letter and through our faithful and faithful our through and letter ent

not only to honor their liege lord, but their but liege honor lord, not only to

Translated by author. the Translated Székesfehérvár i i cnue a regnis ac coniugem in bis o presencium invitamus, invitamus, presencium o . He also invites the the invites He also . so, also asion, ld send somebody send ld

CEU eTD Collection 99 diadem unidentified an with crowned was Elizabeth daughter Barbara’s similarities. possible estab to order in successors her of those to compared be only can coronation Barbara’s either. coronation Barbara’s about been preserved, even is charter greaterconsiders ifnoacc one that this of importance the Furthermore, Visegrád? or Buda in happened had marriage the if different be it Would Bosnia? in campaign a from back way his on Barbara Was account. into taken be also should haste letter. whole the of neatness the or details to attention the pay not so did scribe copy, one only in not above, stated as and, haste, in written clearly was it because t for hard is script gothic cursive the that see can one writing, the importance. of mark greater a invitation the giving paper, the on visible are crowning a to out invitation handed and written were invitations such of dozens because probably parchment, of instead degradable, easily is which paper, on written is invitation The Figure

Fößel, “The Queen’s Wealth”, 39. Queen’s“The Wealth”, Fößel, Similarly to the wedding to be discussed below in detail, hardly anything is known known is anything hardly detail, in below discussed be to wedding the to Similarly

5 . Charter from Krapina,1405 (MNLCharter 16NovemberDL78655) from OL . 99

so this charterso this infurther aBarbara has keyresearch of ofCilli. position –

and parchment was more expensive. Traces of the big majesty seal seal majesty big the of Traces expensive. more was parchment and

ounts of the royal northecontract of marriageounts household have

ic the Since 31 the rush necessary because Sigismund married Sigismund because necessary rush the

ordo

of the coronation was not preserved, preserved, not was coronation the of e oen y t read to eye modern he –

it was, after all, an an all, after was, it The reason for this this for reason The

Also, looking at at looking Also,

lish lish CEU eTD Collection 103 See December. 22 on Buda 102 in place took wedding formal Altmann, a then and 1476 December 10 on Székesfehérvár 101 queens regents. and kings crowned ofEsztergom whilethe archbishops consorts, queens crowned in 1440”, Visegrád Succession, Ragusa of Republic the by 100 1406 May 19 on issued letter responding the in lies one this like charter another least) (at of existence the of proof The coronation. queen’s h that event important and festive the of subjects Sigismund’s informing kingdom, the throughout sent and copies orderso in t byproxy a marriage therefore descent; of direct royal not was that Barbara account into one take should occur also wedding Barbara’s that wer probably that dignitaries high and nobles other inviting also coronation, the to invitations the issued king the Székesfehérvár, had anointment. her during shoulder her above held only was Crown Holy The sapphires. and rubies, diamonds, with ornamented of bishop the by crowned was and oath an took Beatrix and Crown, Holy the also therefore insignia, royal the wearing was king The followed. coronation reception the After place. took wedding the where Buda to continue afterwards could Matthias betrothed her met in she Corvinus special: also are ceremonies her of circumstances The preserved. and down written were ceremonies crowning and wedding the since comparison, Esztergom. of archbishop the by Crown Holy the with crowned was Albert, husband, her while Veszprém, of bishop the by

Klaić, Klaić, Altmann, cr first was Beatrix was postponed. ceremony wedding formal a so wasproxy by married couple The James Ross Ross James ot probably most As was already mentioned above, this charter would have been written in dozens of dozens in written been have would charter this above, mentioned already was As

Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest Medium regni Medium , customarily performed when both parties were of royal descent, royal wereof parties both when performedcustomarily , Medium regni Medium o be crowned queen,o be crowned tobemarried shefirst. toSigismund had zkseévr poal bcue t a coe t Npe, n t and Naples, to closer was it because probably Székesfehérvár, Sweeney , 201. , apnd n rpn, n beca and Krapina, in happened “h Tik ue n hr lvrLd nWiig taigteCont Secure to Crown the Stealing Waiting: in Lady Clever her and Queen Tricky “The , 2, 383; Föß 383; 2, ad happened and inviting the most noble of them to witness the future future the witness to them of noble most the inviting and happened ad , 201. ,

East Centra East

el, el, 100 102

“Barbara von Cilli,” “Barbara

red in the second half of December, around Christmas, around December, of half second the in red In Barbara’s case Barbara’sIn h crnto o Barx f rgn make Aragon of Beatrix of coronation The

l Europe l e not present in Krapina in present not e

20 32

- 23

102. (1993 , as will be discussed below, discussed be will as , s i wud ae oe ie o reach to time some take would it use

- 1996), 89. The bishops of Veszprém usually usually Veszprém of bishops The 89. 1996), Veszprém with a golden crown crown golden a with Veszprém . As other scholars suggested scholars other As .

was not performed, performed, not was i which in , e participants he

the wedding the a good a s owned in in owned 101

t the 103 he

CEU eTD Collection 105 colletandum. eventibus vestris prosperis de conga ad venire poterimus feliciter maiestates reginalem et regiam vestras ipsas ad quod et provideri, consequi taliter et sic remediis, et provixionibus regiis mediantibus vestris et divina gratia fruente sperantes remota ad liced gaudium, tamen quod exigentibus, modis congaudium ad adesse potuisse habuissemus, gratum valde impedimentis, et discriminibus viarum cessantibus placuisse, Deo 104 reign, Sigismund’s during times several for asked Ragusans the which to territory, one its expand the especially rights, and liberties its acknowledge to Kingdom the asked Ragusa ( servants” loyal and “faithful king’s the were Ragusans the that and ( lord” “natural city’s the was king the that constantly parties both city” king’s “the ( it calling formality, this accepted readily Ragusans the and hereditary, as Ragusa to rights their claim could kings Hungarian the treaty, this With city. the of affairs powers two distance the between great the of issue the state, a such caused arrangement this if even Furthermore, affairs. its into interfering it without but Kingdom, Hungarian the of protection the under arra favorable a Such ducats. 500 of tribute annual an pay and Kingdom the of flag the bear cathedral, city’s the in king current the to lauds sing sovereignty, its acknowledge to were Hungary of Kingdom the towards obligations less or more was Ragusa 1358, in Visegrád of treaty the Since distance and traveldifficulties: Rag c ivitas vestra ivitas

See Gelcich, See Gelcich, usans excused themselves for not attending the wedding and the coronation with the great the with coronation the and wedding the attending not for themselves excused usans

come safely to your and your queens royal Majesties in order to rejoice and rejoice to order yourshare inthese pleasure happy events. in Majesties royal queens your and your to safely come r your through and grace divine by that hoping minds, our in joy that of partake still and obstacles the if and it wished away, we weeven removed; far been remain had though troubles of had thevoyage God if measure expected the in else toge rejoice and queen lady our said the of coronation the and ceremony wedding the attend to able be to glad very been have would We Diplomatarium Diplomatarium oyal dispositions and arrangements it should become possible for us to us for possible become should it arrangements and dispositions oyal ). Pleasantries in the mutual communication served the purpose of reminding of of reminding of purpose the served communication mutual the in Pleasantries ). , 168. 168. , lo de t te erae f nevnin it te governmental the into interventions of decrease the to added also , 167 , Ad quod festum nuptiarum et coronationis prefate domine nostre regine ubi ubi regine nostre domine prefate coronationis et nuptiarum festum quod Ad -

168.

ngement allowed Ragusa to pursue its own politics politics own its pursue to Ragusaallowed ngement 33

104

simus in mentibus partecipavimus [sic], [sic], partecipavimus mentibus in simus an independent republic: the the republic: independent an ther with everyone everyone with ther dominus noster naturalis noster dominus fideles ). 105

udendum et udendum n return, In ) CEU eTD Collection 108 1382 Controversy, 107 Univers CentralEuropean (Budapest: dissertation Ph.D. 106 havemust thecharter been issued inKrapina: similarto that conclude can one wording the from and 1406, April 1 on Buda in issued letter rather sum. small ha enemies, his of movements political with date to up always was king the while socially, and economically both advance and activity economic main its pursue further could city the prospered; parties both way this le the was it that than other candidate; perfect the was political and strategic, intelligence, of expertise main its and geostrategicposition favorable its to Due information. supplying constant through also but benefits, visu through allegiance its show to had only not Ragusa that fact the is above, loyalty w led or with disputes had kings Hungarian the which of all Bosnia, also later and Venice, and Serbia it appreciate not did kings Hungarian city the in asylum grant or not arms with them supply would could they allies, prospective their they support openly if game; double a played often allies, political desirable as Ragusans, the enemies. its from city the defend to and

Pešorda Lovro Kunčević, “The Myth of Ragusa: Discourses on Civic Identity in an Adriatic City Adriatic an in Identity Civic on Discourses Ragusa: of Myth “The Kunčević, Lovro rna Pešorda Zrinka Turning back to the document, in this partthis in document, the Turningto back

walls of this, your city, by which we are protected, will stand. In accordance In stand. will protected, are we which by city, your this, of walls the to change any without it enticemen and threatsall against firm stand wemay andworse in endure we may and disposition and fidelity same firmly inthe most us andyour retain Majesty keep said and May thought. an upon, looked and comforted be to worthy faithful, his us, considered has encouragementwithdelightful and kind such who majesty royal kind most your to and noblest the to thanks give We – ars against. By protecting the city’s economic interests, the kingdom earned Ragusa’s Ragusa’s earned kingdom the interests, economic city’s the protecting By against. ars –

- real and on paper. on and real Vardić, “The Crown, the King and the City”, 28. the City”, the and Crown, King “The Vardić,

whatever would suit their suit would whatever - 1390,” 1390,” - Vardić, “The Crown, the King and the City: Dubrovnik, Hungary and the Dynastic Dynastic the and Hungary Dubrovnik, City: the and King the Crown, “The Vardić, 108

Dubrovnik Annals Dubrovnik 107 d a great ally in Ragusa, and collected tribute, even if it was a was it if even tribute, collected and Ragusa, in ally great a d

What is also important, and supplements the letter mentioned letter the supplements and important, also is What

10 (2006): 19(2006): 10 interests. It was partially also their right their also partially was It interests. –

since Louis I granted them rights to trade freely with freely trade to rights them granted I Louis since 106

However, as c as However, d who has recognized our fidelity in mind in fidelity our recognized has who d 34 ity, 2012), 78 2012), ity,

20. the writer partially summarizes Sigismund’s thewriterpartiallysummarizes

ast thing that it owed to the kingdom. Inkingdom. the to owed it that thing ast

- an be seen in the discussion below, discussion the in seen be an 82.

ts, as long as the as longas ts, - – State (1350 State

al and material and al trade –

even if the the if even it – s

Ragusa Ragusa content - 1600),” 1600),” CEU eTD Collection udne, t is eune eintt gaim rse poi prmntr uaue cm rmsin et promissione cum durature, Omnipotenti perempniter preces collectari. continuo fideles subditi et vestri quoque gloriari, prolis auxiliatorem, prestet et Ha gratiam gratum facta benignitate fidelibus benedictione sequente et eius regnicolis ut suis fundentes, et alleviatorem suorum qu socerum, laborum adinvenerit sibi tallem maiestas ipsa quod letamur, magis quidem hoc copullatam. consortio matrimoniali grato sibi maiestatem ipsam audiri expetivimus desideriis ardentibus vestr dicta quo die, a nostra procerum vota cetera baronum, prelatorum, deliberatione inter quia valde, magnum gaudium ad nobis audivimus,fuit et cum quod sociasse, matrimonialiter sibi Cilie natam, consilio cum ac divina ce dispositione significat gaudia et cons ex maiestas regia protecti, sumus quibus vestre, civitatis muri donec declinare, non blandiciis et terroribus dampnis, postpositis omnibus ea ab dispositos et permansuros nos maiestas vestra dicta firmissime mente in et nostram consolari fideles fidelitatem suos nos et dignatur visitare, hortationibus amenis et dulcibus tam que maiestati regie gratiosissime 109 and theoutcome of hisend had, he men and ships of number the stating undertaken, has Naples of Ladislaus that siege a of him inform they manner that In letter. his in up brought likely most Sigismund issues the king’s faithfulright subject.and hand and importance, political her ignores one if role primary her Barbar letter father his from get can he help the all and descendants many king the wishing the about happiness its expresses Republic the excerpt, the from seen be can As terorumque regnicolarum serenissimam principem dominam Barbaram illustris domini Hermanni comitis comitis Hermanni domini illustris Barbaram dominam principem serenissimam regnicolarum terorumque

For the edition of the charter see Gelcich, Gelcich, see charter the of edition the For Apart from only the best wishes for t for wishes best the only from Apart

to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. And may your Majesty glory in this this in glory Majesty your may And with it. Jacob. and and time long a for descendance Isaac, Abraham, to given blessing the and promise the to according grace forever, last may which descendance, your to grant may he kindness his by that Almighty the to pray subject faithful your to also pleasant assistant an and work laborious all father has a Majesty acquired your that fact the by rejoiced especially are we And will. divine wish its to depriv according was Majesty said your when day, matrimony that since ever in joined been has Majesty your that learn to ardently most wished always have we prayers other our all among because the and of inhabitants disposition other divine and nobles barons, by prelates, the of Cilli consultation the of and counsel the Count following the Hermann, lord illustrious the kindness, accustomed its it of account on that know us let has joys, majestyand yourprosperity in share to faithful its us wishing royal said your this with

has joined in matrimony the most serene noble lady Barbara, the daughter of daughter the Barbara, lady noble serene most the matrimony in joined has a plays only the role of the mother of future successors, which would have been been have would which successors, future of mother the of role the only plays a 109

u brahe, Ixahach et Jacob. Et in ipsam prolem ipsa m[aiestas] longo tempore valeat valeat tempore longo m[aiestas] ipsa prolem ipsam in Et Jacob. et Ixahach brahe, eta benignitate ad nos suos fideles volens partecipare volens fideles suos nos ad benignitate eta - in eavor. - law, in whom it may certainly hope to find a helper with helper a find to hope certainly may it whom in law,

realm. When we heard this, we took great joy in it, it, in joy great took we this, heard we When realm.

maie t nm recognoscit. animo et

stas voluntate divina primo fuit matrimonio fuit primo divina voluntate stas

Diplomatarium your faithful subjects always rejoice together together rejoice always subjects faithful your

heir king, the Ragusans also responded to other to responded also Ragusans the king, heir 35

Translated by author. the Translated 167 ,

n u fdltt e aio aet t teneat et habeat animo et fidelitate qua In - 170. 170. Hermann Regratiamur altissimo et vestre tam tam vestre et altissimo Regratiamur ed of its first spouse by spouse first its of ed

nobis durant. Sequenter dicta vestra vestra dicta Sequenter durant. nobis

[sic]

nobiscum suas prosperitates prosperitates suas nobiscum

plays the main role, as as role, main the plays em firmiter sperare possit, possit, sperare firmiter em - desollata, continuis, desollata, - in s. We We s. - law. In this this In law. marriage Et in Et , CEU eTD Collection and queens] (Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 2005), 83 2005), Akadémia, Tudományos Magyar (Budapest: queens] and 113 Altmann, See happened. had events the after long 112 so not book his wrote Denkwürdigkeiten he that fact the as well as hand, at cou Sigismund’s of part was he that considering hisstatements, on authorsrely a is notions the of one that possibility low a is there so 1408, year the in it puts genant vor der bleip und 400 tusent also zalt man das biß gesalbet. Ungarn, zü konig und gecrönet koniginne Römsche und Ungersche eine ir uß und vergolten, v du also Ungeren, zu lantherren der bevehelniße von hette gefengnisse sime in Sigemondus konig grofe große der wenne gefengnißes, des erlösung koniges des umb hette gebeten [eine] döchter seiner Ungern von grofen grossen dem dar er nam die machte. konigin Friderichs einer zü grofen sie er des und was, die dochter [sic!] Cilion Barbara, von Sigemont konig nam reise selben der uf “Und 21. 1893), Gaertner, (Berlin: 111 110 (See again Buda to back then and towards Krapina through Slavonia, of part eastern the across returning and follo he that shows 1405 Windecke. confused have might region this Tvrtković II Tvrtko Stephen rival his against Ostoja Stephen to 1405 from there campaigns several Hungary which in1408,amiscalculation many authors later also to Bosnia from back way their on Barbara married Sigismund that states mistakes, to prone chr a and in1437. describingafter the probably death his time, latter’s Sigismund King of biography a wrote who Mainz from merchant a was is Sigismund to Barbara of marriage the

See See Wilhelm Altmann, ed, ed, Altmann, Wilhelm Pál Engel and Norbert C. Tóth, ed., ed., Tóth, C. Norbert and Engel Pál Šišić, Johanek, Since Sigismund was on his way back from Bosnia in 1405 as well, because he led he because well, as 1405 in Bosnia from back way his on was Sigismund Since mentions that sources narrative contemporary, entirely not but important, the of One

King why alreadyyear Hungary, 1410. the mentionedkinguntil in is the stayed so And That queen. Roman and book. Hungarian a anointed and this crowned was in loyalty, with repaid below loyalty was and So daughter. the above Hungarian married Sigismund the find of can command you on as prison lords, his in Sigismund his King of had one palatine given had Cilli Palatine of the Count to the daughters that reason the of out her married [ Frederick Count of daughter t was who Barbara, married Sigismund King journey same the during And or und noch in diseme büch vindst. darumbe nam konig Sigemont die dochter. do wart truwen mit truwe mitwart truwe do truwen dochter. die konigSigemont nam darumbe büchvindst. diseme noch in und or

Povijest Hrvata Povijest “Eberhard Windecke”, 143 Windecke”, “Eberhard , 19. ,

Translated by author. the Translated Eberhart Windeck Eberhart , 228 , wed a circular route starting from Buda to the south, visiting Bosnia visiting south, the to Buda from starting route circular a wed - 230; Engel, 230;

Királyok és királynék itineráriumai, 1382 itineráriumai, királynék és Királyok of Hungary to free the king from prison, as the the as prison, from king the free to Hungary of Figure - es Denkwürdigkeiten zur Geschichte des Zeitalters Kaiser Sigmunds Kaiser Zeitalters des Geschichte zur Denkwürdigkeiten es 146. 146.

The King supporting time that at 1408, in war a and 1407, sic!

Kaiser Sigismunds Buch Sigismunds Kaiser

10 jor.” Windecke mentions the marriage once more, but also also but more, once marriage the mentions Windecke jor.” 10 Realm of St Stephen St of Realm 6 ]

). of Cilli, and he made her a queen. He He queen. a her made he and Cilli, of

113 36 xmnn Sgsuds tnrr fr h year the for itinerary Sigismund’s Examining

Knowing this, it is easier to assume that the that assume to easier is it this, Knowing - 84.

, 233 , 110 112

InWindecke, whois place one 111 - 234. , the number of his visits to visits his of number the , followed: rt and had most of the information information most the of had and rt

lapsus calami lapsus by Eberhard Windecke. He He Windecke. Eberhard by

umbe, das der grofe grofe der das umbe, - 1438

[The itineraries of kings kings of itineraries [The

. This is why many many why is This . Székesfehérvár, and she she and he he von onicle onicle

Cilien

CEU eTD Collection 115 114 later. father future his to reference honorary an been have may addressing of forms these how explaining them, ignore to decides he but earlier, as mentioned is Barbara where 1408 addresses Sigismund where 1406 from one charters, two of dec he so bieten”, Zweifel zum Anlaß keinen uns “Zeitangaben Windecke’s that states He sources. important product i.e.,thelossofcertain evidence? ofhistorical events, and coincidence a just this all is Or subordinates? his of one of estate the on but residence, because Or importan as seen not was charter this besides anywhere recorded known is marriage first Sigismund’s of date the that to himself Windecke for hard been have r further without correctly dates must the all remember surely it so year, the by noted not still weddings when years the recording in increase an was there Ages Middle late the In nevertheless. happened event the but correct chronologically not are statements wrot he above, his that instance only the not is this and place, took wedding yearsafterthe mentioned 32 chroniclesome I as but, Bosnia, from return Sigismund’s it on that happened known have must surely Windecke itself, event the for As issued. was the coronation to invitation the where place the was it because Krapina in place took really wedding

Ch above. Mary Queen about thediscussion See ilian, “Barbara von Cilli”, 17. von Cilli”, “Barbara ilian, 115 Chilian, in his dissertation about Barbara, relies on Windecke as one of his most most his of one as Windecke on relies Barbara, about dissertation his in Chilian,

happened, but, as can be seen by Barbara’s missing birth year, most events were events most year, birth missing Barbara’s by seen be can as but, happened, the wedding ides to date the marriage to the year 1408. He mentions that he is also aware aware also is he that mentions He year1408. the to marriage the date to ides , as I will explain in more detail below, below, detail more in explain will I as , t or because Barbara was not of royal, but “only” of noble descent noble of “only” but royal, of not was Barbara because or t

consors

studied above studied

, both indicating that the marriage had happened happened had marriage the that indicating both , 37 -

eferences. What is interesting additionally is additionally interesting is What eferences. - law and the marriage that would take place take would that marriage the and law 114 . Was this this Was , but his marriage with Barbara is not is Barbara with marriage his but ,

Hermann so because his other marriage marriage other his because so events such like birthdays or or birthdays like such events did not take place take not did

as socer

and one from one and

in a royal a in e his his e

? a CEU eTD Collection 116 meant say to latter one. the charter the of author the that argue still would I with above, explained already problem reasons various a had also they term translators: the of Bible meaning the the distinguishing of aspect the from seen be can December. 6 and November 16 between somewhere marriage issu he day the on spouse Sigismund’s been have not would Barbara terminology, this of because that argues and virgin” “renowned translates he explained: ar there contrast, In details. some of understanding the in helpful was it although mine, writing while translation his on into rely didn’t it I translated German. and Krapina from charter the analyzed also He Cillis. the of genealogy

Wertner, “Zur Genealogie der Cilly”, 38 Cilly”, der “Zur Genealogie Wertner, Moriz Wertner wrote at the end of the nineteenth century a shor a century nineteenth the of end the at wrote Wertner Moriz

nlt virgo inclita

- 39.

from the charter that refers to Barbara wrongly as as wrongly Barbara to refers that charter the from ed the charter. He therefore places the date of the the of date the places therefore He charter. the ed

virgo 38

as “virgin” or as “young woman”. For the the For woman”. “young as or “virgin” as sm prs hc ne t b further be to need which parts some e 116

The problem with the with problem The t contribution to the to contribution t virgo

CEU eTD Collection 122 121 120 119 njima”, o 13. predaje i gradovi 118 117 other each know to get to couple the for opportunity an was place, took supposedly wedding the where Buda, to met, couple the where Krapina, future be should there where places in tenses perfect adding it, wrote who scribe the of literacy the suspect or it, in believe either can one so differently, speaks charter the but residence, royal a in place took wedding chapter Buda the ( marriage the consummated had he that even written, was charter the time the by Barbara married already stat clearly Sigismund charter the In Krapina. from charter the misinterpreted rulership. and life h Klaić Šišić’s, after years few a published work, reinterpretsdate the weddingand inKrapina. also it places next his In work. his in it mentions c the of aware was who Šišić, Ferdo contemporary, his of that before of consent the with Sigismund’s issued was charter a day that on because December, 28 before wife S was Barbara that argues He lasted. any) were there (if festivities the long how or place took wedding the whenceremony, the performed who known not is it that adding Buda, Figure as made a great effort to reveal and describe in general important years Barbara’s great most reveal in asa of anddescribe the made to effort

Föß n.See Föß Föß Klaić, Compare Klaić, Klaić, Compare el, “Barbara von Cilli,”101. “Barbara el, von Cilli,” “Barbara el, el, Amalie Fö Amalie in 1405 Christmas around it places but wedding, the mentions also Klaić Vjekoslav

6 Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest 97. “Barbara von Cilli,” 95 “Barbara . Map of Sigismund'sMap of 1405 travel. route in

conthoralis quam thoro nostro regio sociavimus regio nostro thoro quam Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest 120 ß 119 el, , but the but , 2, 383. 2,

a scholar a A . Föß with mostly agree I lthough 117

101.

112.

The peculiarity lies in the fact that Klaić’s work was published was work Klaić’s that fact the in lies peculiarity The

presence

, 8; Šišić 383; 2, ones

who has who 121

acrig o Föß to according , of its provost. its of recently , ovd Hvj Vki Hrvatinić Vukčić Hrvoje Vojvoda 39

). conducted a thorough research on Barbara, Barbara, on research thorough a conducted Sigismund does not require presents from from presents require not does Sigismund

(Sara Kata

122 For me me For

seems like an attempt to romanticize to attempt an like seems l Hr pno ta te rp from trip the that opinion Her el. 118

l I hn ta se a have may she that think I el, it also seems plausible that the that plausible seems also it nec)

harter harter , 192; Klaić, Klaić, 192; , from Krapina from es that he had had he that es igismund’s igismund’s “Krapinski “Krapinski and and CEU eTD Collection 126 no has content 125 zbornik Historijski Luxembur von Sigismund zwischen Auseinandersetzung Die Friaul. und Dalmatien Wakounig: “Marija Budak, Neven see it, in mistakes factual some from quite made she content that see can one this work, Wakounig’s withof review the at letter looks one If mistake. a of existence the dismiss would I congratulations. und Hus Türkenkrieg Konstanz, Sigismund. im Vorherrschaft die um Venedig Raum Republik adriatischen der und Luxemburg von Sigismund zwischen Auseinandersetzung 124 123 avail. no an sign to them get to years for trying Republic, the with disputes Ragusa Maywas issuedon19 1406. th on issued charter a for Venice. for Wakounig by misunderstood was Ragusa, meaning Klaić, by mentioned “Republic” the menti Ragusa, in issued congratulations trail the charter, said the find to tries and argument this for sources the follows one if However, happened. supposedly had it after month a exactly Serenissima the that and dates, stated already two the between happened had wedding the that argument Venice. in issued congratulations previously a by supported also 29, and 13 December between sometime Buda in happened wedding the that argument her strengthen to order in charters in consent of right royal her use to started Barbara when and Buda to returned Sigismund when indicate or in charters other two includes She coronation. the of fact the the misses date, establish wedding to trying while but, account, into charter this takes who scholars recent few it event: whole the Wakounig cites Klaić, Klaić, cites Wakounig

Klaić, Klaić, at n.56 See There is a charter issued by the Republic of Venice on that date, but addressed to the count of Senj and the the and Senj of count the to addressed but date, that on Venice of Republic the by issued charter a is There Fößel takes as her source for this information the n. 103 in Marija Wakounig, Marija in 103 n. the information this for source her as takes Fößel nte ruetaant eiewudb h at htSgsudwsi constant in was Sigismund that fact the be would Venice against argument Another

Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest How the authors came up with 15 January 1406 is still not clear to me, and the search search the and me, to clear not still is 1406 January 15 with up came authors the How 126

The situation was especially sharp after 1403, when Sigismund heard rumors that rumors heard Sigismund when 1403, after sharp especially was situation The

traces of congratulations nor is even related to King Sigismund. See Ljubić, Ljubić, See King to Sigismund. related is even nor ofcongratulations traces ud e Rpbi Vndg m i Vrercat m ditshn am Bč 90 14 str.” 154 1990, Beč Raum, adriatischen im Vorherrschaft die um Venedig Republik der und g Föß congratulates Sigismund on his marriage issuing marriage his on Sigismund congratulates

el, “Barbara von“Barbara Cilli,”102. el, 45 (1992): 287 (1992): 45

(Vienna: Dissertationen der Universität Wien 212, 1990), 37 and Wilhelm Baum, Baum, Wilhelm and 37 1990), 212, Wien Universität der Dissertationen (Vienna:

sounds nice, but it is not really supported by evidence. by supported really not is it but nice, sounds oiet Hrvata Povijest 2, 376. 2, t ae n wt ta cnet rvs fruitless proves content that with and date at

- 288.

, 8. li mnin ol te hre fo Rgs a a etr of letter a as Ragusa from charter the only mentions Klaić 383. 2, 123 e

(Graz: (Graz: Wien:Baumto 57. Wakounigrefers 1993), Köln:Styria, and

Föß oned above. above. oned l ss hs etr f ogauain a another as congratulations of letter this uses el 40

The cause of misunderstanding was that that was misunderstanding of cause The 124

ed t Kać n te etr of letter the and Klaić to leads

this letter on 15 January 1406, 1406, January 15 on letter this alliance agreement, but to but agreement, alliance Venice and call it a simple simple a it call and Venice Dalmatien und und Dalmatien 125

Föß te hre from charter the ; unknown letter of of letter unknown Listine el is one of the the of one is el

5, 67. 5, ral Die Friaul.

der to der Kaiser Kaiser

CEU eTD Collection engagemen 131 130 129 Ljubić, See 128 127 be able age tomarryfrom the of12, th atage well. as waterproofbe to seemschronology the and it to points evidence charter the all since November, of middle the into dated be should the before happened 6 December coronation on the wedding, that invitation, coronation the trusts one if means, to expresstheir congratulations. as i changes inthekingdom, hissubjects of toinform natural the king for disposal. king’s the at itself put Ragusa and him, refused Venice after p the for suitable was as help its adjusting ally, Sigismund’s been mostly had Ragusa hand, response. no got ships for demands Sigismund’s and 1405, October 20 and opponent his supporting Ladislaus. secretly although excuse, an as wars other using Hrvoje, Duke and Ladislaus King against alliance an for offer Sigismund’s refused again once Venice 1405 would they that or matter, a such on them to written have would he that unlikely is it atmosphere an such In allies. his help to refused and Sigismund) to important especially was which Bosnia, in (e.g., supporters mostly it interests, different had Venice because speaking, Generally Naples. of Ladislaus opponent, his from Dalmatia buy would Venice olitics and economic interests of the city. That is why he turned to them for help in 1405 in help for them to turned he why is That city. the of interests economic and olitics

Halecki, Klaić, Klaić, … See Chilian, “Barbara von Cilli”, 16 Cilli”, von “Barbara Chilian, See rogamus maiestatem suam, quatenus velit excusatos nos habere, si non complacemus in hoc sue se sue hoc in complacemus non si habere, nos excusatos velit quatenus suam, maiestatem rogamus However, as I already stated, if the wedding had happened in Buda at this late date, it it date, late this at Buda in happened had wedding the if stated, already I as However,

Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest Hrvata Povijest e time of the marriage. Knowing that for girls in the Middle Ages it was customary to customarywas it Ages Middle the in girls for that Knowingmarriage. the of time e t, see Klaić, Klaić, see t, Listine Jadwiga of Anjou of Jadwiga 127

Other refusals of alliances followed shortly before the wedding, on 17 October 17 on wedding, the before shortly followed alliances of refusals Other

5, 65 5, Povijest Hrvata Povijest - 66. 2, 382. 2, 382. 2,

, 93; Fugger Germadnik, 93; FuggerGermadnik, ,

wih de hgl improbable. highly deem I which , respond with congratulations, even only formal ones. On 3 August 3 On ones. formal only even congratulations, with respond

2, 341. 341. 2, - 18; Klaić already states that Barbara had nine years at the time of the of time the at years nine had Barbara that states already Klaić 18; 130

Barbara’s birth year Barbara’sestimated birth can to1392. be

Barbara 41

Thus, one can also roughly estimate Barbara’s estimate roughly also canone Thus,

supported Sigismund’s opponents and their their and opponents Sigismund’s supported , 2. ,

n y pno, h wedding the opinion, my In t was thesubjects for t 129

hrfr i was it Therefore 128

On the other the On 131

renitati.

CEU eTD Collection 136 Mittelalter (1412 Italien in und (1410) Bosnien in Sigismunds Kriegszüge 135 37588. underDL found be with seal can the charter 134 133 132 p similar received nobles and barons of number a that seems it Furthermore, in 1403 person, in king in the made donation earlier an of Székesfehérvár confirmation “usual” the “only” is charter Macsó. of ban the of favor in coronation, the before shortly also and wedding Maróti and Sigismund of theory my together; travelling support to seems which charter another is There probab most and Mačva of ban the why reason through return to order in Krapina in while a for rested which 1405, in Bosnia to campaign his during entourage Sigismund’s in was he armies, Sigismund’s of one commanded even and below described campaigns Bosnian the in fought who servant, helpful and loyal Mačva). of ban Morović, Ivan (Cro. Macsó of ban the Maróti, John not was issuer the that finds one charter the to directly going when time, that at there was Sigismund that fact a as understand investigation, further on issued coronation. supposed the after day in issued charter a is there because there was Sigismund that known out leaves but Buda, towards Đurđevac and Koprivnica through

I would like to thank mysupervisor wouldthank to I like Klaić, See Engel, DL 37 587. 587. 37 DL For the edition of the charter see Šišić, “Nekoliko isprava iz početka XV. stoljeća”, 259 stoljeća”, XV. početka iz isprava “Nekoliko Šišić, see charter the of edition the For n h iieay f h c the of itinerary the In

Királyok és királynék itineráriumai és királynék Királyok , ed. Robert ed. ,

Dcme 10 a a at f iimn’ iieay wih n cud without could, one which itinerary, Sigismund’s of part a as 1405 December 7 Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest Márta Kondor, “Die Kanzlei im Feldlager. im Kanzlei “Die Kondor, Márta , 135 l y that was the reason why Engel put this date into Sigismund’s itinerary. Sigismund’s into date this put Engel why reason the was that y

Novotný, Petr Elbel, Alexandra Kaar (Wien Kaar Alexandra Elbel, Petr Novotný, there is a good reason to assume that Maróti asked for the privilege from privilege the for asked Maróti that assume to reason good a is there 136 a privilege issued by Sigismund on 28 November 1405, shortly after the the after shortly 1405, November 28 on Sigismund by issued privilege a

since festive events like weddings were a good opportunity to do so. do to opportunity good a were weddings like events festive since 2, 372 2, , a region in today’s Serbia, would have been in been have would Serbia, today’s in region a , - 373, 375, 380. 375, 373, , Professor Katalin Szende, for the help and clarification withissue. this clarification the and for help Katalin Szende, Professor ,

ul Föß ouple 132 Székesfehérvár to Buda. to Székesfehérvár

, 84. For the edition of the charter see CDZ 5, 425 5, CDZ see the edition For ofthe charter 84. ,

Although Engel uses Engel Although l lo etos hi ti tgte fo Krapina from together trip their mentions also el

an important asset to his king and was surely surely was and king his to asset important an

Die Tätigkeit der königlichen Kanzleien wä Kanzleien königlichen der Tätigkeit Die - 1413),” in 1413),” - Köln

Sigismund, but one of his subjects, his of one but Sigismund, 133 - this Weimar 2014), manuscript, n.88. manuscript, 2014), Weimar

Otherwise there is no apparent no is there Otherwise Kommunikation im Krieg im Späten Späten im Krieg im Kommunikation Székesfehérvár charter fr charter Székesfehérvár As he was Sigismund’s was he As om om 134 - Székesfehérvár Székesfehérvár - 263. The original The 263. , although it is it although , iiee from rivileges 426. 426.

Although the Although

only one one only hrend der der hrend

CEU eTD Collection “Messalina”, 49. “Messalina”, 140 139 138 thisfor issue. provided 137 1408. December 12 on Order said the established Barbara and Sigismund King Bosnia, in victory recent the and child the of birth the celebrate to order in so 1408, end December the of beginning around born was Elizabeth that argues Klaić heard. be should Dragon the of Order the of establishment the and 1408 year the with wedding Barbara’s linked usually historiography older Since child. only Barbara’s Elizabeth, stand by thatSigismund argument was my 1405 on7December in support strong a gets Krapina from charter the in announced waswas issued,and he Therefore, knowledge. his without and absence royali.e., bodies, transcript towards route a on lie to Krapina Dubovac) (Cro. Vásárosdombó or Dombol) from(Cro. Kastélyosdombó Dombóvár, way his on indeed in issued was was document This Székesfehérvár. Sigismund that indicates coronation, the around at him i.e.,participated that time, weddingcoronation. and inthe mid from Sigismund

Chilian, “Barbara von Cilli,” 19 von Cilli,” “Barbara Chilian, 740. DL87 Klaić, Klaić, I would like to thank my colleague, the Ph. D. student Márta Kondor, for the help and clarification she she clarification and help the for Kondor, Márta student D. Ph. the colleague, my thank to like would I 140 A final thing that should be mentioned in connection to the wedding is the bir the is wedding the to connection in mentioned be should that thing final A De 6 on happening coronation the of idea the mind, in this all With Finally,

Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest According to Barbara’s and Sigismund’s itinerary, both itinerary, Sigismund’s and Barbara’s to According does not specify the type of seal used, it seal used,it type of notspecifythe does

a charter issued by Sigismund on 3 December 1405, December 3 on Sigismund by issued charter a

judical court judical

- November to early December, indicating that this part of the elite was elite the of part this that indicating December, early to November 2, 389. 389. 2, somewhere Székesfehérvár. ; Krzenck states that Elizabeth was born on 28 February 1409, see Krzenck, see 1409, February 28 on born was Elizabeth that states Krzenck Krzenck, “Messalina”, 48. 48. “Messalina”, Krzenck, s, which had the right to issue to right the had which s,

in the area near Székesfehérvár.area near in the

Although Although

43 Dombó

Sigismund was surely

hs hre i ol a isr and insert an only is charter this , which could be identified with today’s today’s with identified be could which , charters in the king’s name in his in king’sname the in charters must have been have must not

for further development and I and development further for were at that time in Buda, soBuda, in time that at were written Székesfehérvár

138

only a few days few a only 139 137

bya , one other opinion other one ,

f oebr or November of

ny of thewriting ny of present when it it when present –

all of of all ebr as cember

before them them h of th the CEU eTD Collection 144 143 scholars. other for topic a maybe also isme, and to interesting seemed constellation 142 141 an as it mention which sources the to according whi town, fully developed a in onlyhostedcould eventbe an such and citizens Krapina’s of participation the and resources great required have would itself wedding the of weddin this call scholars Some ceremony? wedding the for chosen place and time particular this was that thefestivities inBuda lastedat for least fivedays. for travelbetween Székesfehérv also accountcan days into needed taking see, the one December, 22 on happening wedding the December, 17 on Buda in party dinner grand day several for lasted also feast their Corvinus, Matthias and Aragon of Beatrix of celebration wedding and coronation the with again comparison In wedding. royal a for day proper a be with festivities royal important connected often strata royal the that mind in keep to has still one but important, so be not would week the of day the days, several for lasted have would likely most celebrations November 15 on occurred wedding the that manner that in state Šišić and Klaić itself. Krapina in occurred wedding the that also and ceremony, bedding the and wedding proper a have to enough long time a issued, was charter thewedding placeThe of Barbara’s inthefollowing authority discussed chapter. possible. be would events of line a such

Altmann, njima”, o 13: predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, See Engel, Even if the said line of events is not cor not is events of line said the if Even s. Since the coronation happened on 10 December, and the king is reported to have given a given tohave a theking happenedisreported coronation and on10December, Since the s. g “one of the most important happenings in the history of Krapina”; the organization the Krapina”; of history the in happenings important most the of “one g why emerges question the invitation”, “coronation this of contents the seeing After weddi the that charter the from assume can One

Királyok és királynék itineráriumai és királynék Királyok Medium regni Medium church holidays or great saint’s feast days, so a Sunday would probably probably would Sunday a so days, feast saint’s great or holidays church , 201. , -

Krapina

rect and if Elizabeth's birth is to be postponed to the year 1409, this 1409, year the to postponed be to is birth Elizabeth's if and rect

, 88 , - 89, 169 89,

141 45 wih a as a Sunday. a also was which 1405, 44

h nto i iprat o te sus about issues the for important is notion The

Šišić, -

170. oppidum

Vojvoda Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić Vukčić Hrvoje Vojvoda 144 142

ng had happened shortly before the the before shortly happened had ng

from the beginning of the fifteenth fifteenth the of beginning the from

ch Krapina was Krapinawas ch , 143 192. ár and Buda, andár

ic the Since

CEU eTD Collection 151 150 149 148 147 244 CD18, see charters ofboth the editions County. For Zagorje which werein all Vrbovac, giving 1397, in II Hermann to charters two issue fact in stoljeća kroz okolica castl the of history Ortner, 50; Stjepan 1994), Feletar”, “Dr. kuća Nakladna Ages](Zagreb: stoljeća 16. 1397, Budak, Neven in see County Zagorje and Krapina of possession got Cillis the that state authors Some 12. njima”, o predaje K kotara “Spomenici Szabo, Gjuro 126; 1986), Akadémiai, 146 145 sal and pepper, saffron, like spices expensive and imported things), other (among namely the to according contrast, f a of that thereexisted already. term the understand authors highlighting judge, town a than rural called judge, the that and itself, market the or town the not it beneath living citizens its and Krapina in castle the only mentions Louis privilege, 1347. in Krapina to privileges several granting charter a issued I more the on lay which important north Varaždin, as fast as develop not did it Styria, with border the on east important an on lay Krapina although Budak, Neven to According connections and acknowledge thefamily to their importancetohim. Count of possession century.

The Croatian term for this is “zalaznina”. isthis termfor Croatian The njima”, o 11. predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, Budak, civibu in Ortner, is available ofthe charter edition The 11 Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, Erik Fügedi, Fügedi, Erik Croatian scholars have different opinions regarding Krapina in the Middle Ages. Ages. Middle the in Krapina regarding opinions different have scholars Croatian

s et hospitibus nostris sub castro Crapina castro sub nostris hospitibus set 145 Gradovi Varaždinske županije Varaždinske Gradovi

[Development of urban settlements in north in settlements urban of [Development

e ryl iy uprs ua’ oiin f h udreeomn o Kaia In Krapina. of underdevelopment the of opinion Budak’s supports city royal ree Krapina was a castle in Zagorje County, which Sigismund personally gave into the into gave personally Sigismund which Zagorje County, in castle a was Krapina ate n Scey n eivl ugr (1000 Hungary Medieval in Society and Castle - e and the market town of Krapina] (Zagreb: F. Bogović, 1899), 29; Antun Kozina, Kozina, Antun 29; 1899), Bogović, F. (Zagreb: Krapina] of town market the and e župa Varaždinske urbanizacija vijeku: srednjem u županije Varaždinske Gradovi south route. It route.south duringgainedperiod, a theAngevinLouis position when better

(Krapina: Gradski muzej, 1960), 28. This was probably a mistake, because Sigismund did Sigismund because mistake, a probably was This 28. 1960), muzej, Gradski (Krapina: 150 Hermann

The fact that Louis I granted the status of a royal market town and not and a town ILouis royalThegranted thestatus of fact market that ecnu vlaie zallas volgariter descensum libera villa libera

I f il i 1399, in Cilli of II , 49 ,

the slow development of the suburb in this way. this in suburb the of development slow the - 50.

from the charter as the term for a market town that town market a for term the as charter the from , Ortner, Ortner, , Povjest gradine i trgovišta Krapine i trgovišta gradine Povjest

west Croatia (district of Varaždin) during the Middle Middle the during Varaždin) of (district Croatia west him the city of Varaždin and two castles, Vinica and and Vinica castles, two and Varaždin of city the him Povjest gradine i trgovišta Krapine i trgovišta Povjest gradine - 12. 12. aia Zaa” 11 Kać “rpnk gaoi i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, 111; Zlatar”, i rapina

146 -

1437) 151 ab wa maybe villicus

Povjest gradine i trgovišta Krapine i trgovišta gradine Povjest ht h ctzn oe te king, the owed citizens the that , Studia Historica vol 187 (Budapest: (Budapest: 187 vol Historica Studia , 147 in the privilege was more a more was privilegethe in

tn t so hs close his show to nting Budak argues that in his in that argues Budak , 199 , - west trade route trade west - - 200. 251. , 199. ,

nije do kraja do nije

149 Krapina i Krapina 148

Other , but ,

[The [The and t CEU eTD Collection of Stari grad Krapina in 2008] in 2008] Krapina grad ofStari 159 158 157 156 155 154 153 152 sources the in appear not does it Cilli of counts the that possibility thata is there afterwards, and known not is chapel former the of position the archite chapel’s indicating the windows, of light design three superior and two of parts and vaults of traces with facilities century. fifteenth the of beginning Tri Holy the of chapel the namely object, sacral another of castrum none other thanKrapina. ( appeared one ( County thi the below. elaborated be will importance which Styria, in Celje and Ptuj with Zagreb connected River Krapinčica the of valley the through went that road ancient the good a andcastle, the with century. twelfth the of muchearlier, a becauseKrapinawas built scholars was thatit assume th of valley the center international of trade. ( unam liberam de pipere et croco, ac sal dare debent dare sal accroco, et piperede liberam unam

Vučetić, “Prostorni razvoj srednjovjekovne Krapine”, 12. Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, regis domini in capella …, Crapine loco in 9. Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, njima”, o 10. predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, 7. Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, “Prostor Vučetić, Tatjana Tkalčec, “Arheološka istraživanja na istraživanja “Arheološka Tkalčec, Tatjana rteenth century Krapina was the seat of the archdeaconry the of seat the was Krapina century rteenth catr sud n 25 etos h eitne f ryl hpl nie the inside chapel royal a of existence the mentions 1225 in issued charter A The

. 157 comitatus de Crapuna de comitatus

In the southeastern part of the of part southeastern the In castrum atu d Zagoria de castrum e Krapinčica River (Figure 7 (Figure River Krapinčica e ni razvoj srednjovjekovne Krapine”, 10; 10; Krapine”, srednjovjekovne ni razvoj

in Krapina was built on a strategically convenient place, a plateau atop atop plateau a place, convenient strategically a on built was Krapina in 154

Annales Instituti Archaeologici Instituti Annales

Beneath the the Beneath road connection encouraged its further growth. In the Middle Ages Middle the In growth.further its connectionencouraged road 152

), and when that name disappeared from the sources, another sources, the from disappeared name that when and ),

158 , eern t te etr f aoj Cut, which County, Zagorje of center the to referring ),

. See the charter in CD 3, 244. CD3, in thecharter See . Excavations have also recovered remains of large hall large of remains recovered also have Excavations castrum

trl ornaments. ctural Starom gradu u Krapini 2008. g.” [Archaeological Excavations Excavations [Archaeological g.” 2008. Krapini u gradu Starom castrum

) 46 . 153

sbr fre wih a wl connected well was which formed suburb a

It is mentioned in the sources in 1330, but 1330, in sources the in mentioned is It Ortner, Ortner,

, vol. 5, no. 1 (2009): 95. (2009): 1 no. 5, vol. , archaeological excavations found remains found excavations archaeological ), Krapina would have been an importantanbeen have Krapinawould ),

built the latter one in its place, which, which, place, its in one latter the built Povjest gradine i trgovišta Krapine i trgovišta gradine Povjest 159 nity, which the Cillis built at the at built Cillis the which nity,

u t te at ht h exact the that fact the to Due

156

and the center of Krapina of center the and locus 155

At the beginning of beginning the At

as end earlyas the , 199. , was was

CEU eTD Collection 163 Szabó, Krapine i trgovišta gradine Tibor http://jupiter.elte.hu/terkep+lista2.php see complex, whole the of visualization better a For 208. 1902), (Zagreb: figures] 112 with Croats: the of homeland descriptio Historical 1. Part slika 112 sa Hrvata: domovine gradjevina povjesnih drugih i crkava samostana, 162 161 160 castrum the Allover devotional purposes. andsacral was for reserved complex the southeastern of part residen and structures economic where the of center the Beneath below. part residential the with connected was it and enough, big been have would room The been. chi a with fireplace a where kitchen, a of existence square a has cave the of part front The doors. of existence the indicate walls both complex; whole roo the dividing wall a and vaults rib of traces showing wide, meters five and high meters five about is cave The complex. the of north the on cave natural the of center The buildings. of complex large a been have related ofKrapina. tothe tradeand significance transportation been may have which merchants, and travelers of patron the wasNicholas St. that considering Hungary. similar in of churches position archdeaconry customary the with agree would which archdeaconry, the of seat the of role the played have might church This structure. spatial central connected well a formed the of south suburbanand the settlement of outside built was which Nicholas, St. of church parish the was building sacral important Another place. took wedding royal the where site the been have may enough, early built was chapel the if

Croatian “palas”, by definition a definition “palas”,by Croatian srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, 10. Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, mlj Laszowski, Emilij - hpd pnn a te o i te hp o a chimney. a of shape the in top the at opening shaped According to the remains of the of remains the to According

large numbers of artifacts were recovered, like ceramic vessels, stove tiles, bricks, bricks, tiles, stove vessels, ceramic like recovered, were artifacts of numbers large Hrvatske povjesne građevine. Knjiga 1. Mjestopisni i povjesni opisi gradova, kula, kula, gradova, opisi povjesni i Mjestopisni 1. Knjiga građevine. povjesne Hrvatske tréem Mgaosá várai Magyarország történelmi A , 14. , n of castles, towers, monasteries, churches and other historical buildings of the the of buildings historical other and churches monasteries, towers, castles, of n

residential building with a banquet hall in a medieval fortified town. fortified medieval ina hall banquet witha building residential

(accessed: May 2014); for the picture of the cave see Ortner, Ortner, see cave the of picture the for 2014); May (accessed: castrum 160

Krapine”, 10. Krapine”,

h coc o te patr the of choice The il aiiis nml a aae wr built. were palace, a namely facilities, tial castrum the Cillis built up the terrace on a lower plateau, plateau, lower a on terrace the up built Cillis the 47

, some scholars concluded th concluded scholars some ,

mney and a cooking space would have have would space cooking a and mney castrum

Csls f h of [Castles 161 castrum

, but on th on but , n an i as interesting, also is saint on . nte wl coe the closed wall Another m. 162

[Croatian historical buildings. buildings. historical [Croatian hs ih idct the indicate might This

a fre aon a around formed was e main road, which which road, main e istorical Hungary], Hungary], istorical at there would would there at 163

Povjest Povjest

The CEU eTD Collection 168 167 166 165 19 2011), uZagrebu, Sveučilišta fakultet 164 way. Kr making thereby Celje, towards traffic the all redirecting by city this bypassed they Ptuj, Ljubljanaand to ones the for except Styria, and Carniola in routes travel the of all controlled family Cilli the Since Ptuj. towards led County t market and cities their of growth the encourage to interest their in was it trade, and transport from revenues on wealth t The lands. their of extension natural a were and Slavonia, on bordered River Sutla the of area the in and Styria in properties their that considering Cillis, the to general in County Zagorje and clear. was county the of center defensive and administrative the for choice the border, the on and road, by accessible easily spacious, was Krapina and smaller much were county this in castles other that fact the to Due the point, some at family Cilli the by owned also Oštrc, 8 Figure the century fifteenth the from date finds the of most that showed also excavations The earth. of layers additional by up covered was and downhill slid out, thrown t statement the support bones animal many and heated, were rooms the that show tiles stove The Krapina. in place took wedding the that proof perhaps activities, elite with associated got of fragments hat there must have been a kitchen in the upper part of the castle, and that the waste, as it was it aswaste, the that andcastle, the of partupper the in kitchen a been have theremust hat

Vučetić, “Prostorni razvoj srednjovjekovne Krapine”, 11. Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, 106 i Zlatar”, Krapina “Spomenici kotara Szabo, 12. Krapine”, srednjovjekovne razvoj “Prostorni Vučetić, “Arheološka istraživ Tkalčec, Ivančica Janžek, “Krapina u srednjem vijeku” [Krapina in the Middle Ages], MA thesis (Zagreb: Filozofski Filozofski (Zagreb: thesis MA Ages], Middle the in [Krapina vijeku” srednjem u “Krapina Janžek, Ivančica castrum 168 wo regions also had a good road connection, and as the Cilli family based part of their their of part based family Cilli the as and connection, road good a had also regions wo

). 166 oe 20 ees n egh oee around covered length in meters 250 over ,

n oprsn ih te csls n aoj Cut, ie oo, ee, and Belec, Lobor, like County, Zagorje in castles other with comparison In hic sacral sculptures, frescoes, and animal bones. animal and frescoes, sculptures, sacral hic owns by giving them privileges. them giving by owns anja na Starom gradu”, 98. nagradu”, Starom anja 167

- It was also a natural choice for Sigismund to give Krapina give to Sigismund for choice natural a also was It 20.

- 110. apina one of the most important stops along the along stops important most the of one apina 48

castle at Krapina was much larger. larger. much was Krapina at castle 00 qae ees Fgr 7 (Figure meters square 2000

T he main route main he 164 . 165

These might have been have might These

Altogether the area of area the Altogether s through Zagorje through s

and and CEU eTD Collection Kreppen.” Cill von Grafen als 171 170 Archives, 169 State Krapina”. called Zagorje, county. the of chronic seat the as Croatian importance its place, first highlighting the in Krapina county, this in towns the among mentions, which and County, January the http://arhinet.arhiv.hr/_DigitalniArhiv/GrafikeHrvatskihMjesta/Krapina2.htm of Figure

About the Chronicle of the Cilli family see Chapter 1 and further below. further and 1 Chapter see family Cilli the of Chronicle About the njima”, o 12. predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, Klaić, “Krapinski gradovi i predaje o njima”, 13; Franz Krones, ed., ed., Krones, Franz 13; njima”, o predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, nte iprat at s eeld n h aray etoe catr sud n 27 on issued charter mentioned already the in revealed is fact important Another

le 7

1399, with which Sigismund gave Count Count gave Sigismund which with 1399, . Krapina. Castle, nineteenth century (Croatian places in the collection of prints of collection the in places (Croatian century nineteenth Castle, Krapina. . 170

etfe t te infcne f rpn, eern t i a: te an ate in castle main “the as: it to referring Krapina, of significance the to testifies i

(Graz: Leuschner und Lubensky, 1883), 153. “ … das hauptgeschloss im Seger, genandt die die genandt Seger, im hauptgeschloss das … “ 153. 1883), Lubensky, und Leuschner (Graz: 171

Krapina was a place of great events once more in 1422, when 1422, in more once events great of place a was Krapina

See the edition of the charter in CD 18, 413 CD18, in charter ofthe the edition See 49

Hermann 169 Die Freien von Saneck und ihre Chronik ihre und Saneck von Freien Die

II of Cilli the whole Zagorje Zagorje whole the Cilli of II utemr, vn h Cilli the even Furthermore, - 418.

)

CEU eTD Collection 172 M features; thenorthernaround thecastle. part of fortification medieval of remains the with rock natural K courtyard; I castle; (storageroom thefood);G for E C castle; the B castle; the of fundament http://jupiter.elte.hu/krapina Hungary], historical Figure later beas they theFrankapans) known during thenight inKrapina castle. spent together whi family the (of Elizabeth wife his killed brother, Barbara’s Cilli, of Frederick

Klaić, “Krapinski gradovi i predaje njima”, o 13. predaje i gradovi “Krapinski Klaić, –

remains of the living quarters (palace); quarters living the of remains

8 – . The The .

south defense wall of the upper courtyard; J courtyard; upper the of wall defense south – –

chapel of the Holy Trinity; D Trinity; Holy the of chapel

barbican of th of barbican castrum

n rpn ( tréem Mgaosá vri Csls of [Castles várai Magyarország történelmi (A Krapina in –

workshops and economical buildings near the east wall of wall east the near buildings economical and workshops

– e lower courtyard and the gate of the lower castle; L L castle; lower the of gate the and courtyard lower e

western wall ofthe castle; H wall western

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gate tower of the upper castle courtyard; castle upper the of tower gate –

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CEU eTD Collection 178 177 215 2012), Weimar: Cologne; (Vienna; Kaar Alexandra and Hruza Karel ed. Kaiser zur (Forschungen in 1419,” Sigismunds König Regierungszeit der in Blindenburg 20 176 175 174 65. (2005): 13 173 likely most Buda, in place took wedding Matthias’ King comparison, In there. happened have not could it ceremony, wedding the of placethe Budaas arguments the suggest if even palace.newAccordingly, the built Sigismund there moved court the when residence a as 1355 and 1347 between time short a for and purposes, ceremonial for palace Buda the there. court his and offices government his moved Sigismund residence royal the became only Buda and Visegrád in were court and residence Angevin the century fourteenth the in that is important also is What instead. Krapina in wedding the hold to reason good a was there so well, as 1405 in been have would wedding). her celebrated later Elizabeth which (in commissioned was palace new a daughter of building Sigismund’s the so for 1411, in ceremony Elizabeth engagement the at shown also were palace old the time. some quite for site construction a be to had it area; palace the of state the also but insufficiency, the only not demonstrates which constructions, the as continued castle the since Diósgyőr, even or residence, his as Visegrád preferred who I, Louis of rule the during insufficient proved palace Buda substitutes. weak are they opinion, my In place. took wedding

1, 49 01), Altmann, Altmann, Fügedi, Altmannal., et Julianna István Draskóczy,“Die Besitztümer der ungarischen Königinnen im 15. Jahrhundert und Diósgyőr,” und Jahrhundert 15. im Königinnen ungarischen der Besitztümer Draskóczy,“Die István John M. Steane, Steane, M. John hr i as te su o rsdne ohr hn Kra than other residences of issue the also is There

- 1 Altmann, 51; asr iimn (1368 Sigismund Kaiser Castle and Society Castleand Medium regni Medium regni Medium

The Archaeology of Power: England and Northern Europe AD 800 AD Europe Northern and England Power: of Archaeology The status quo status eim regni Medium -

und Papstgeschichte des Mittelalters. Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii 31) Imperii Regesta Böhmer, F. J. zu Beihefte Mittelalters. des Papstgeschichte und , 201. , 167. 120, , Medium regni regni Medium , 130. ,

during Sigismund’s rule. During the 1370s Louis I ordered palace palace ordered I Louis 1370s the During rule. Sigismund’s during

- 1437) 1437) 175

, 121, 167; Márta Kondor, “Hof, Residenz und Verwaltung: Ofen und und Ofen Verwaltung: und Residenz “Hof, Kondor, Márta 167; 121, ,

f h plc ws n a cniin n 41 i most it 1411, in condition bad in was palace the If –

– Medieval Hungarian Royal Seats Royal Hungarian Medieval

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Fügedi states that the issues with issues the that states Fügedi 176 ia hr shlr cam the claim scholars where pina –

As Erik Fügedi suggests, the suggests, Fügedi Erik As 233.

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1408, when when 1408, ,

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CEU eTD Collection 180 http://woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB/?lemid=GM07409&mode=linking 179 preserved.donations is a such whom for Hungaryof queen first the is Barbara preserved, re charters Since properties. other her grants or Barbara to donations previous his confirms either Sigismund charters these In 1428. and 1424 of series a in received lies confirmation she that doubt no be would there Although wedding. their property widow's the of part a as but estate, deceased's the of part a as count not did it since her, before Morgengabe negotiations t wedding the before upon agreed oftenwas and donations, land and money Itusuallyincluded wedding. The husband Barbara’s properties thetime her at wedding of

Réthelyi, “Mary of Hungary in Court Context,” 35. Context,” Court in Hungary “Maryof Réthelyi, See Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, ed., ed., Grimm, Wilhelm and Grimm Jacob See Morgengabe s a csoay n h Mdl Ae, fe te edn was wedding the after Ages, Middle the in customary was As

( ( Gračenica d the also and of ( out (dying disposition seed of disappearance hands royal the Kapy de Poharos by called Oswald late the ago of descendants) time ( some Stupčanica Slavonia, called castle royal the to generosity open to also wishing these, Considering Crysiensi Kwkaproncha

was supposed was which she could keep. could she which ook place. Such an agreement might also have happened in 1401 upon Sigismund's Sigismund's upon 1401 in happened have also might agreement an Such place. ook

with Herman II of Cilli to marry to Cilli of II Herman with was a means of financial security for the wife in case the husband would di would husband the case in wife the for security financial of means a was , n as te iy f arb ( Zagreb of city the also and ),

was a present given by the husband to his wife on the morning after the the after morning the on wife his to husband the by given present a was also with castles called the two Kalnik ( Kalnik two the called castles with also in a proper and legitimate manner, and other out of our particular our of out other and manner, legitimate and proper a in Gersenche ) and with the town similarly called called similarly town the with and ) 180 src Vlk ( Velika istrict to bestow his new wife with a “morning present” (Ger. present” “morning a with wife new his bestow to Kingdom, Kingdom,

, and ), 179

much later later much

This was also the case with Sigismund and Barbara after Barbara and Sigismund with case the also was This we have given, granted, and bestowed bestowed and granted, given, have we CHAPTER THREE

Velike aenk ( Palešnik Soploncha charters issued by Sigismund to her in the years the in her to Sigismund by issued charters , n wt the with and ),

his daughter, which was discu was which daughter, his

with goodwill the royal bosom bosom royal the goodwill with ae t te arae gemns r rarely are agreements marriage the to lated

ots rcni d Zagrabia de Grecensis Montis Palichna ) situated in our Kingdom of of Kingdom our in situated )

etce Wörterbuch Deutsches (l ast accessed: May 2014). May ast accessed:

Kemplek Koprivnica )

estates in Morgengabe passed ), and ), ržvi County Križevci

ai ( Garić

(

Kaprwncha such a gift, further further gift, a such down to our to down Kamengrad consummated our certain our , online edition, edition, online , Garygh ssed above. The The above. ssed

including land including Morgengabe of our of in ) ), ), ),

, the the , ). e CEU eTD Collection (2011): 237. (2011): in Paližna [Ivan Historiography], and historiografiji” Sources Historical i vrelima povijesnim u Paližna “Ivan Gračanin, Hrvoje See servant. unfaithful century. fourteenth the of end the at regent queen the mother her and Mary Queen against uprising the of protagonists the of one and Vrana in ( Garić 182 271 Elizabeth]” and Barbara queens Hungarian the of domains the on evidence bi királynék magyar Erzsébet és Borbála adalék “Okmányi ed., Wenzel, Gusztáv collatum et dispositum, donatum, conseruante, viduitatem nomine nostro n Regnorum si decessum, ac nostrum Regine comite, post nobiscum aliis eciam sibi Barbare vita conservatione et honoris domine et status Principi, sui possessionibus pro carissime Serenissime nostre conthorali predictorum, cunctisque moventibus, tenutorum; nostrum ejusdem, et animum decimis villarum causis Districtuum, rationalibus ac oppidorum, mardurinis Comitatuum, castrorum, et dictorum pertinenciie Comitatu preterea cum Sclauonie, nostri similiter Regni Vereuche dicti ac mardurinis Comitatuque castro vniuersis cum Posegawar necnon ciuitate Comitatibus, Zagrabiensi in Zagrabia Distr ac Kaprwacha, similiter ciuitate et nostra appelatis speciali Kwkaproncha et ex Kemplek, utrisque alias castris et cum simul devolutum, dispositione legitime et rite Regias nostras manus ad Kapy de Poharos dicti Osvaldi dudu situatum Sclauonie nostro Regno in vocatum Soploncha Regale nostrum 181 whole the castle, the with Požega of town the Zagreb, of city the County, andGračenica, Garić, estatesthe Velika, of district Koprivnica,the Stupčanica disposal her at had queen request recove estatesthe that learn can Garai,one

The estate Paližna (Palisna) or Palična (possessio Palichna, Palychna) lay in the area around the stronghold o stronghold the around area the in lay Palychna) Palichna, (possessio Palična or (Palisna) Paližna estate The castrum quoddam fauore, cum aperire Regio munificentie nostre Regalis sinum eidem volentes intuitu Horum - 274. ictu Velice, et possessionibus Garygh, Gersenche, et Palichna in Crysiensi, ac ciuitate Montis Grecensis de de Grecensis Montis ciuitate ac Crysiensi, in Palichna et Gersenche, Garygh, possessionibus et Velice, ictu castrum Garić castrum red from his wife in exchange for exchange in wife his from red . From this charter, which was actually a donation charter to the Palatine Nicholas Nicholas Palatine the to charter donation a actually was which charter, this From

should remainshould bearing a widow, ourname. under life, own her of duration the for her, before die we that happen would it if death, our after even and live, we as long as for rank, and status her preserve to order in sere spouse, beloved most our kingdoms, most the to causes, towns, counties, castles,mentioned the of thingspertaining other propertiesand whole c the the moreover county; same the fur marten on tax the also and county the and castle the the addition in Slavonia, of Kingdom our fur marten on tax entire the also and County, Zagreb hs oain hre i iprat n re t se which see to order in important is charter donation This

bt Ml Kli ad eii ank ad aega wt te on of town the with Kamengrad and Kalnik, Veliki and Kalnik Mali both , ounty and the tax on marten fur and also and fur marten on tax the and ounty districts, villages and properties; inspired by certain and reasonable reasonable and certain by inspired properties; and villages districts, ). It is the estate by which John of Palisna got his name. He was the prior of the monastery monastery the of prior the was He name. his got Palisna of John which by estate the is It ).

This estate probably got into Sigismund’s possession as a punishment of his his of punishment a as possession Sigismund’s into got probably estate This os prius quam ipsam mori contigat, ad tempora vite sue, eadem tamen sub tamen eadem sue, vite tempora ad contigat, mori ipsam quam prius os n Slavonia in

Radovi Zavoda za znanstveno za Zavoda Radovi e ol ld Braa qen f h aforesaid the of queen Barbara, lady noble ne

in Slavonia in

town

estates in central medieval Bohemia medieval central in estates mardurinis in eodem Comitatu exigi solitis; ceterum ciuitate ciuitate ceterum solitis; exigi Comitatu eodem in mardurinis .

mn te rpris the properties the Among

53 of of

that that

Virovitica ( Virovitica 181 town Sigismund

the tithe the

of condition however, that she she that however, condition istraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru u rad umjetnički i istraživački Požega ( Požega Vereuche … For the edition of the charter see see charter the of edition the For … (

gives him him gives marturina

Magyar Történelmi Tár Történelmi Magyar of the same, with the with same, the of collected as usual usual as collected m per defectum seminis condam condam seminis defectum per m Palešnik

rtokáról (1424 rtokáról estates Posegawar iial with similarly ) re were the the were re

) of the said the of ) are the same that he he that same the are Požega County and and County Požega

182 and revenues revenues and

- in the Križevcithe in

) with ) and upon and - 1439) [Charter [Charter 1439)

in cri et certis x 12 (1863): (1863): 12 castles castles her the the

4 f CEU eTD Collection Fößel, “The Queen’s Wealth”, 44; Bak, “Queens as Scapegoats”, 231. “Queens as Scapegoats”, Bak, 44; Wealth”, Queen’s “The Fößel, thesis doctoral his writing is who Incze János colleague my thank to like 184 66. 49; bis Mittelslowakei der “Messalina”, in Königinnen 1478], Jahre ungarischen zum der Krzenck, Witwenguts des Institution [Die manuscript; 1478” roku do oblasti University), European Germadnik, Central (Budapest: dissertation Hungarian the of Decade First the and Luxembourg of Sigismund 183 f her of estates the with living costsfrom independent Sigismund. her and court own her manage could Barbara income great a such With Witwengut). (Ger. a as it use could she death his after and Sigismund, with revenues life her their during and Slavonia in estates said the use could Barbara that is charter the from estates. receive would she and money, needed most the receive wo he husband: her with agreed pledges by further wealth her increase to managed She loan. a him give to on depend most could he whom on person the was Barbara travels, often money in Szanda and Buják Tolnavár. of town marketthe andNógrádCounty, castles the Cumans, the with Kecskemét town the Óbuda, Csepel, a Supposedly year. florins per year, 28000 totalhad income of a she florins per 20000 estimated tobringher the with and year, per florins 8000 to estimated was domains mentioned ch could she since independent, external on depended trade the fully In Barbarawas matter a this alsoincome. steady secure of would times conditions, peace Since year. whole the during on count could queen the th of customs export and import the With Slavonia. ( tithes the and fur onmarten fur tax ( its

Sigismund started to take loans from Barbara only after 1425. For the help with Sigismund’s pledges I would I pledges Sigismund’s with help the For 1425. after only Barbara from loans take to started Sigismund See

Mályusz, Mályusz, cnieig i wr n ona cmags gis the against campaigns Bosnia, in war his considering , Most of the estates lied beyond the Drava River, in Slavonia, where they formed a unit unit a formed they where Slavonia, in River, Drava the beyond lied estatesthe of Most

Barbara ccording to the customs of the kingdom, in her possession were also the island the also were possession her in kingdom, the of customs the to ccording asr iimn i Ungarn in Sigismund Kaiser Historický časopis Historický ,

4; Martina Kalábová, “Venné majetky uhorských král’ovien v stredoslovenskej banskej banskej stredoslovenskej v král’ovien uhorských majetky “Venné Kalábová, Martina 4; decima mardurina amily, previously donated by Sigismund. As some scholars explain, scholars some As Sigismund. by donated previously amily, , Cro. desetina), as well as the tax on marten fur for the whole whole the for fur marten on tax the as well as desetina), Cro. ,

), the town of Virovitica with the county and its tax on marten onmarten ), the tax its town ofwiththe county Virovitica and oose and appoint her own officials. The income from the the from income The officials. own her appoint and oose

(2004): 7; Draskóczy,“Die Besitztümer der ungarischen Königinnen”, Königinnen”, ungarischen der Besitztümer Draskóczy,“Die 7; (2004):

91 ,

- 3 Mra odr “‘Double Kondor, Márta 93; 54

183 e thirtieth ( thirtieth e

Since Sigismund was in constant need ofneedconstantin was Sigismund Since - German Personal Union (1410 Union Personal German

on this topic. this on tricesima Ottomans 184

- htoecnas learn also can one What atd i te ide Ages? Middle the in hatted’

Kondor, “Double Kondor, , Ger. Dreißigstzölle) Ger. , tricesima

and Hussites, and and Hussites, and widow’s property property widow’s - 1419),” Ph.D. 1419),”

which was was which - hatted” Fugger Fugger uld ;

CEU eTD Collection Fugger Germadnik, FuggerGermadnik, 190 189 188 this for issue important s it, had she if or queen, court, a her maintainas to role money nor her influence fill political not no had could she intelligent, very not and beautiful not was she Barbara: to contrast sheer the from Sforza Maria Maximilia of Bianca wife is second other the The century, daughter. fifteenth a also Barbara’s, like child, a of birth the before shortly Ho the of wife century, tenth the from Theophanu Empress the is one work; Fößel’s in given are examples Other pregnant. was she that realizing after only marriage, their after years two queen a as crowned was Halszańska, Sophia Princess m twice married Jagiełło II Władysław King Anna, cousin Barbara's and wife his of death the 187 186 20. 1996), Intézete, Történettudományi MTA 185 can one County, Zagorje in castles father’s her to close fairlywere and Slavonia in estates her co her as Zagreb, of Archbishop the Eberhard, appointedand Kalnik atcourt her had Barbara time that in scholars, some to According Kanizsai. János Archbishop the and Garai Nicholas Palatine of counsel Roman Holy re new as Barbara appointed the he so elected Emperor, been had he since 1412, late in Aachen towards later and time. that at issued she charters the by visible is which he spent but Slavonia, in castellans her appointed languages. learn to as well as law, and business, politics, in skilled get to time the had she until postponed been have would business administrative important a still marriage, her at even was, Barbara that is explanation Another responsibility. and prestige, power, more granted been have would she king, the to children bearing of capable proved namely she After above. discussed 1409, of beginning the or 1408 lat in Elizabeth child only her of birth recent the with connection into brought over. be governance perhaps the take could Barbara until estates the of care taken have Barb 1409 in 1408 until ban wasalliance. Herman family new their andwedding recent the of honor in Croatia, and Slavonia of Ban as 1406 in Herman father Barbara’s appointed Sigismund

Pálosfalvi, “Barbara”, 296. See the appendix with charters issued by Barbara in Kondor, in Kondor, by Barbara issued withcharters See 296. the appendix “Barbara”, Pálosfalvi, von Cilli”, 103. “Barbara Fößel, Cilli,”296. von Grafenund die “Barbara Pálosfalvi, A similar event occured later in Poland, but would have most likely been a custom in the Middle Ages. After After Ages. Middle the in custom a been likely most have would but Poland, in later occured event similar A Pál Engel, Pál odr “Double Kondor,

Magyarország világi archontológiája világi Magyarország ly Roman Emperor Otto II, who got large estates in her marriage contract, but also other estates estates other also but contract, marriage her in estates large got who II, Otto Emperor Roman ly ara took over the governance of the granted estates. In this way Herman could Herman way this In estates. granted the of governance the over took ara Barbara - hatted” – unselor.

she remained childless. See Fößel, “The Queen’s Wealth”, 29 Wealth”, Queen’s “The Fößel, See childless. sheremained , 8; Chilian, “Barbara von Cilli”, 20. von Cilli”, “Barbara Chilian, 8; , ;

Fößel, Fößel, 190

Although both Kalnik castles had a central position regarding position central a had castles Kalnik both Although i Kngn m itllelce Reich mittelalterlichen im Königin Die

n I. Although in the same position, she seemed to have been a been have to seemed she position, same the in Although I. n gent ( gent

[The secular archontology of Hungary], vol. 1 (Budapest: 1 vol. Hungary], of archontology secular [The

55 Statthalterin

r time there only between 1407 and 1413, 1413, and 1407 between only there time r

189 ) of Hungary, leaving her with the the with her leaving Hungary, of )

Sigismund had to depart for Italy for depart to had Sigismund he spent it unwisely, and and unwisely, it spent he , 369; 369; , 188

Since 1409 Barbara has Barbara 1409 Since

Krzenck, “Messalina”, “Messalina”, Krzenck, young woman, so the the so woman, young - 31, 33. 31, “Double

ore. His last wife, last His ore. 186 -

hatted”. hs can This – 185

what is is what , and,

50; 50; 187 e

CEU eTD Collection castles of northwestern Croatia] (Varaždin: NIŠRO Varaždin, 1981), 188. 1981), Varaždin, NIŠRO (Varaždin: Croatia] northwestern castlesof 194 Župa, Rijeka: 1979). (Gornja Buturac, Josip reach. K Veliki and Mali of history the 13 of th description between Castles of [Locations stoljeća” 12 193 83. 29, 1920), tiskare, zemaljske kraljevske (Zagreb: Tisak 192 191 that was inthevicinity the of “ chapel. court a and warehouses stables, with hill, the of bottom the at one and structures, wooden detached ( security and defense stronghold’s the increased which drawbridge, a by entrance main the from separated t of most resided they where simply or chambers their had have would court her and Barbara heated. wide and two a was stronghold level. estatesThe Slavonia in from other of estates. her than more not charter, one only issued she itself Kalnik from and another, to castle one from moving constantly was Barbara estates, her visited actively she period the in issued to charters According not. or period longer a for there resided she if certainty with say hardly he time. he Pusta Pusta

th Föß Tomislav Đurić and Dragutin Feletar, Feletar, Dragutin and Đurić Tomislav For a detailed description of the stronghold see Zorislav Horvat, “Ulazi u burgove 12. burgove u “Ulazi Horvat, Zorislav see stronghold the of description detailed a For Gjuro Szabo, Szabo, Gjuro - 15 el, “Barbara von Cilli”, 105, 109. von Cilli”, 105, “Barbara el, th t a a ml srnhl poetd y n nrne oe. h plc isd the inside palace The tower. entrance an by protected stronghold small a was It

192

The Barbara” Century Burgs], Burgs], Century

The stronghold was accessible only by a narrow and steep way between the rocks, rocks, the between way steep and narrow a by only accessible was stronghold The G The size of the windows and the heating the and windows the of size The castru othic windows with windows othic 193 Figure rdjven g Srednjovječni

Today the hill on which the remains of the stronghold lay is lay stronghold the of remains the which on hill the Today

(Eng. desolated) (Eng. m oiet one iee okolice i Rijeke Gornje Povijest

Mali 9 Prostor - ). The stronghold most likely also had a suburb on the on suburb a had also likely most stronghold The ). story building which had narrow Gothic windows on the lower floor floor lower the on windows Gothic narrow had which building story

191 Kalnik (Kiskemlé Kalnik

6, no. 1 no. 6, aoi Hvtkj Slavoniji i Hrvatskoj u radovi stronghold, and

window

, Stari gradovi i dvor gradovi Stari - supposedly in reme in supposedly 2 (1998): 62 (1998): 2

th alnik see a book by Josip Buturac which the author could not could author the which Buturac Josip by book a see alnik

crosses n 15 and k)

which wasawhich usedascourt chapel 56 - lay

13. tijekom burgova “Pozicije Horvat, Zorislav 63;

[The history of Gornja Rijeka and its surroundings] surroundings] its and Rijeka Gornja of history [The th

on the upper floor, which was which floor, upper the on Centuries], Centuries], on a rocky hill about 460 meters above sea sea above meters 460 about hill rocky a on ci sjeverozapadne Hrvatske sjeverozapadne ci

indicates that this was the was this that indicates

mbrance of mbrance [Medieval castles in Croatia and Slavonia] Slavonia] and Croatia in castles [Medieval Prostor

6 20) 2. o a detailed a For 29. (2008): 16 the chapel of St. Barbara Barbara St. of chapel the

[Old fortified cities and and cities fortified [Old - 15. stoljeća” [Gates in [Gates stoljeća” 15. popularly called popularly

. rocky hill with hill rocky 194

place where place

most likely most

- the 15 -

CEU eTD Collection Century Burgs in Continen in CenturyBurgs 195 the that indicate building bui was palace residential the of corners the on blocks stone shaped”) (“cushion carved quality a was this that see can one remains the By floor. first the the in visitor the which through small channel a shaft; communication a been have to seems there floor first the of entrance the at hall the In consoles. stone on supported beams wooden with constructed been has ceiling The a was there floor second the of façade living the on whereas space, the indicating probably benches, stone with windows big were there floor first the On staircases. stone spiral with connected were floors The levels. three on building residential frees a was there stronghold the inside that plan. shown have ground excavations Romanesque Archaeological a with chapel a of remains are there stronghold the of base thirtee the of east kilometers six and Gora, Kalnička Hill the passing for used was that road ancient an overlooking hill high meter 500 61) Figure

oilv ovt “aee broia 13. burgovima u “Kapele Horvat, Zorislav

nth century and was also the center of administration of the whole Kalnik estate. On the On estate. Kalnik whole the of administration centerof the also was centuryand nth The

9 . Mali Kalnik. Approach route to the stronghold (Horvat, “Ulazi u burgove”, u “Ulazi (Horvat, stronghold the to route Approach Kalnik. Mali . castrum

Veliki K tal Croatia], Croatia], tal lt in the fifteenth century, since similar building styles can be found found be can styles building similar since century, fifteenth the in lt alnik (Nagykemlék) lay in a strategically favorable position, on a ona strategicallyposition, alnikfavorable (Nagykemlék)in a lay

Prostor

castrum

7, no.2 (1999): 190. (1999): no.2 7, - 5 sojć u otnnanj raso” Caes n 13 on [Chapels Hrvatskoj” kontinentalnoj u stoljeća 15. hall could have communicated with the resident on resident the with communicated have could hall 57

ai ank Te togod a bit n the in built was stronghold The Kalnik. Mali

lavatory supported by consoles. consoles. by supported lavatory - made residence, and the the and residence, made tanding th - 15 195 th

CEU eTD Collection Rsdnil pcs n otnna Cota Csls n 13 in Castles Croatian Srednjovj Continental in Spaces [Residential 196 PI floor: First hall. entrance Figure existence ofamore alsobe chapel, permanent possible. a stay would this in stay pleasant a have would residents. “common” and royal the between division a indicating stronghold, the of areas other the from divided also was area palace The Barbara. Queenof stay the adaptedforleast erected,at then not if was,particularbuilding this conclude can one Thus chapel. the with tower the adapted Cilli of Frederick where area in fifteenth

e Zrsa Hra, Sabn potr u ugvm 13. burgovima u prostori “Stambeni Horvat, Zorislav See

ečni gradovi ečni 10 . -

century Bohemia. Also, similar traces can be found on the castle in Krapina, in the inthe inKrapina, castle can foundBohemia. tracesonthe Also,similar be century eii ank Gon pa o the of plan Ground Kalnik. Veliki , 94 , - 97.

–

exit into a small garden; D garden; small a into exit

castrum 196 58 ad y h qaiy f osrcin n the and construction of quality the by and ,

l o te men the of All

aae Gon for ŽS floor: Ground palace. th - 15 th

- 15. stoljeća u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj” Hrvatskoj” kontinentalnoj u stoljeća 15. Century], Century], – ind ugss ht Barbara that suggests tioned

communication shaft; S S shaft; communication Prostor

17 (2009): 38; Szabo, Szabo, 38; (2009): 17 –

ok n the in rock that that –

CEU eTD Collection znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru Bjelovaru u rad Sources], umjetnički i znanstvenoistraživački Historical in Garić Toponym [The izvorima” povijesnim u Garić “Toponim Pisk, 200 88 (2007): 11 no. 6, Settlements], Urban Medieval other among Place its emerged; Koprivnica of Town the which under i “Razlozi Pavleš, naseljim urbanim Ranko srednjovjekovnim među mjesto see njeno i Koprivnice references nastanka uvjeti bibliographical detailed and Koprivnica of history the a over overview not likely most was She estates. these fromof both charters issuing was whyBarbara explain would this that so money, of need in was since he abroad, 199 Koprivnice, vijeku srednjem 198 Germadnik, Oklevéltár, Zsigmondkori the from Föß from taken is information 197 of number a and estate royal bigger, a into divided was estate Garić the century thirteenth monastery. Pauline the and area, administrative an mountain, strong a estate, an place, a terms: several mark to came it Ages Middle the castrum residing people and tenants guests, inhabitants, citizens, the “all addresses he where December1407 12 from charter Sigismund’s selo. Kameno or Kamen named village a also was location chart the In century. fourteenth the of half first royal the vicinityof the Koprivnicain and Kamengrad. stronghold medieval medieval the linking by location, the of mystery Kaprwncha civitas (Horvat,stronghold “Stambeni prostori”, 39). Z rock; vertical

Interestingly enough, Klaić argues that Sigismund may have pledged Koprivnica and Kamengad while he was he while Kamengad and Koprivnica pledged have may Sigismund that argues Klaić enough, Interestingly For the detailed description of the Garić estate and administrative area, as well as the strongh the as well as area, administrative and estate Garić the of description detailed the For ua i te ugra tasain o “tn vlae o Kmn sl, see selo, Kameno or village” “stone for translation Hungarian the is Kuvar ugr emdi cmie te w lctos no h tdys aneoe na Kpinc. Th Koprivnica. near Jagnjedovec today’s the into locations two the combines Germadnik Fugger The toponym Garić is mentioned in the sources since the twelfth century. Throughout century. twelfth the since sources the in mentioned is Garić toponym The The

Kamen

1987), 1987), Barbara castrum Kwkaproncha castrum Te iy o city [The - 81. - Koprivnica” ( 106. , 4; Föß 4; ,

– or even for other nearby locations. nearby other for even or

lavatory; B B lavatory; el, “Barbara von Cilli”, 105. von Cilli”, 105. el, “Barbara Kpinc i te ide gs ( Ages] Middle the in Koprivnica f el, who addresses only Kőkapronca as Jagnjedovec. She takes her information information her takes She Jagnjedovec. as Kőkapronca only addresses who el,

Ku which does not mention the contemporary name of the location. Fugger Fugger location. the of name contemporary the mention not does which

- Kaproncha Kamengrad

– ware of the donation charter. charter. donation the of ware was often misunderstood by international scholars as the as scholars international by misunderstood often was

al oad te oe o te ihs pr o the of part highest the on tower the towards wall in the neighborhood of our castle Koprivnica and the the and Koprivnica castle our of neighborhood the in castrum castrum 4 (2011): 4 1 ). 59

was built on a hill by the streams Jagnjedovec Jagnjedovec streams the by hill a on built was 199

r i ws eodd as recorded was it ers Ko - 14. Kwkaproncha 197 privnica ( privnica Koprivnica: Centar za kulturu: Muzej grada grada Muzej kulturu: za Centar Koprivnica:

Nada Klaić seems to have solved thesolved have to seems Klaić Nada Klaić, Klaić, 198 200 Kaprwncha, Kapronca Kaprwncha,

sc caiiain gives clarification such A

Koprivnica n h scn hl o the of half second the In ih h lcto o the of location the with a” [Reasons and Conditions Conditions and [Reasons a” Nada Klaić, Klaić, Nada Kuvar , hold, a stream, a stream, a hold,

80 Radovi Zavoda za Zavoda Radovi sne n this in since , - 4 Fr good a For 84. old, see Silvija see old, orvia u Koprivnica Podravina ) in the in ) e

CEU eTD Collection 204 203 202 34. ofGarić], Town Aristocratic 201 simila a and details to attention excellent an show excavations during found tiles stove The consoles. stone on lavatory a also was there and stove, tile a and fireplace a by heated were rooms The staircases. internal with connected likely most ro a palaceall one surrounding insideofthe was walls. The from distance certain a at was palace the and bars, with secured were windows the elevated, d of walls. the against leaning buildings bigger or number smaller a and cistern a palace, or tower central detached a tower, defense a entrances, young delay was toherage. owed still this that argument my support might estate this into introduction Barbara’s of period late This 1419. in king the with dispute the to led which recklessly, w behaved still she she but since wanton, way this in queen young the over watch to was Eberhard that argue Some 1412. around probably agreeably Barbara to Garić left Eberhard scholars, some to According 1400. around it built probably and Barbara, before owners Garić’s of a one was was there Zagreb of stronghold Archbishop Eberhard, to the ascribed is inside which palace, residential that freestanding see can one excavations archaeological upon hands. episcopal into royal from changed often County Garić the and The jurisdiction. king’s the under stronghold a as century thirteenth the in mentioned the gora, Moslavačka mountain the upon hill Garić the of estates smaller efense

Regan, “Plemićki grad Garić”, 36. Garić”, grad “Plemićki Regan, 29 Garić”, grad “Plemićki Regan, Szabo,

o a eald ecito o te togod n ai se Krešimi see Garić in stronghold the of description detailed a For

- The central par central The tower, enabling security as well as comfort and dwelling standards. The entrance was was entrance The standards. dwelling and comfort as well as security enabling tower, Srednjovječni gradovi Srednjovječni t of the stronghold consists out of a long and narrow courtyard, three three courtyard, narrow and long a of out consists stronghold the of t Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru Bjelovaru u rad i umjetnički znanstvenoistraživački za Zavoda Radovi , 105 , iobagiones castri iobagiones -

- 30; 30; 106.

Klaić, Klaić,

Povijest Hrvata Povijest iy o ns on i te ua aae i te part the in palace, Buda the in found ones to rity 60 . 201

The i magna via

204 3, castr

102 The design of the palace reminds of a of reminds palace the of design The - 103. um r Regan, “Plemićki grad Garić” [The [The Garić” grad “Plemićki Regan, r

on aog t bto. t is It bottom. its along going

Garić

was situated on a rocky a on situated was 202 om area onthreefloors om

By the remains and remains the By as young and and young as 4 (2011): 32 (2011): 4 castrum , who who , 203 -

CEU eTD Collection stubišta, pretprostori, rovovi i sl.” [Some Accessory Spaces in Castles of Continental Croatia. Lavatories, Lavatories, Croatia. Continental of Castles in 208 Spaces Accessory [Some the and like], Shafts Anterooms, Staircases, sl.” i rovovi pretprostori, stubišta, pro pomoćni “Neki Horvat, Zorislav 31; 29, 13 (2007): between Castles Croatian Continental of Towers [Defense stoljeća” 15. do 207 Croatia], Continental in CenturyBurgs 206 n. 114. 44, Garić”, grad Regan, “Plemićki 229; (1994): 4 stoves], tile and chimneys Fireplaces, Croatia. Continental of Burgs Medieval in [Heating peći” 205 equipped and tolive. secure place well a was this that show Garić in stronghold the of remains The one. busy and prosperous place high property. toequipsuch qualitythatwas a needed royal resi noble a for suitable also be would it equipment prestigious the to due but owner, current the stronghold. woul which tower defense built sturdy a was there stronghold the of area northern the In archbishop. the for daylight. in work Th (so windows”). “Bohemian mullions called stone with divided were and floor the to reached they big; rather were floor Sigismund. King by rebuilt be to known is which

Pisk, “Pavlinski Pisk, kaljeve i dimnjaci Kamini, Hrvatske. kontinentalne burgovima srednjovjekovnim u “Grijanje Horvat, Zorislav Horvat, Horvat, Zorislav Horvat, “Prozori na burgovima 13 burgovima na “Prozori Horvat, Zorislav dent. The presence of artwork conducted by Bohemian master craftsmen also indicates the indicates also craftsmen master Bohemian by conducted artwork of presence The dent. 208 pilgrimage popular a was Garić of Mary Virgin Holy the of Church nearby the Since

, and Garić had a a had Garić and , “Stambeni prostori”, 38; Zorislav Horvat, “Branič Horvat, Zorislav 38; prostori”, “Stambeni 207

The interior of the palace indicates that it could accommodate the castellan of castellan the accommodate could it that indicates palace the of interior The samostani”, 156. samostani”, 206 d enable the needed security for the palace in the middle of the the of middle the in palace the for security needed the enable d On the second floor there was a small chapel on consoles built probably built consoles on chapel small a was there floor second the On od od oncin oe a asm ta ti ae ws a was area this that assume can one connection, road good

Prostor

e stone benches in the window niches enabled comfortable enabled niches window the in benches stone e Prostor

- 5 (1997): 52 (1997): 5 15. stoljeća u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj” [Windows on 13 on [Windows Hrvatskoj” kontinentalnoj u stoljeća 15.

3 (1996): 304 (1996): 3 stori u starim gradovima kontinentalne Hrvatske. Zahodi, Zahodi, Hrvatske. kontinentalne gradovima starim u stori 61

- 53. - 205 kule na burgovima kontinentalne Hrvatske od 13. 13. od Hrvatske kontinentalne burgovima na kule

- h wnos n h frt n second and first the on windows The 305.

and 15 and th

Century], Prost or Prostor

2, no. 3 no. 2, th - 15

15 th - -

CEU eTD Collection main square where probably fairs probably where square main a and church a had Gračenica century thirteenth the of end the From area. important and good very a in lay Gračenica and Garić both that see can Zagreb,one and Sisak towards further and Mi the in routes travel main the since and Garić, with connected well very was Gračenica of disctrict The nearby. also lay which town a Garešnica, ( differ the of Because stronghold. a and area, administrative an estate, an settlement, a stream, a terms: different several marked also it Garić, Like century. thirteenth palace (Horvat,prostori”, “Stambeni 38 II. missing; P floor: First fireplace. Figure Gresenche The 11 .

, toponym of Gračenica was recorded in the sources since the second half of the the of half second the since sources the in recorded was Gračenica of toponym ai. et Gon pa o te pa the of plan Ground Left: Garić. – Guersenicha

access to the second floor. Right: Reconstruction of the east façade of the of façade east the of Reconstruction Right: floor. second the to access , – Grezinche

tile stove; L L stove; tile

were conducted, and from the end of the fourteenth century fourteenth the of end the from and conducted, were …) it was often mistaken by the older scholarship for for scholarship older the by mistaken often was it …) ). –

62 hpl te hie rm h esen al is wall eastern the from shrine the chapel,

ae Gon for U floor: Ground lace. ddle Ages usually went through Garić Garić through went usually Ages ddle ent forms of its name name its of forms ent –

nrne K entrance;

–

CEU eTD Collection Kamilo Dočkal, “Srednjovjekovna naselja oko Dobre Kuće. Prilog našoj srednjovjekovnoj topografiji” topografiji” 211 srednjovjekovnoj the basin], River Krapina in našoj fortifications (II.)”[Medieval Krapine Prilog porječja građevine obrambene Kuće. “Srednjovjekovne Regan, Krešimir Dobre oko t medieval our to contribution A Kuća. naselja Dobra around settlements [Medieval “Srednjovjekovna Dočkal, Kamilo topografiji” srednjovjekovnoj našoj Cilli Prilog aro the settlements Streze. [Medieval of oko estates naselja the “Srednjovjekovna neighbor logically Dočkal, would Kamilo which See County, family. Zagorje or Krapina the of east estate, Lobor the under meant that certainty is high Velika with Kraljeva tell can one it, to relating charters other issued who Sigismund to linked be can Velika Welike castrum 210 2014). May accessed: Moslavine 209 second the of space the floor. into went hood fireplace the of part upper the since heated also la a had which floor second the On room. living the been have probably would there floor first the on whereas floor, ground the on likely most was kitchen The chimney. same the use to order in corner, same the in the for defense the In people. of number fit big a of gathering hall great a had palace The building. the in palace a and tower defense storied two a was there that indicate Požega near Velika in stronghold the of remains The Požega. th also was Barbara since position, logical a be also could which said the of location possible the that argue scholars stro posavski, Sibenik, Zador, Benedikt, a aIn smaller fort big fourteenthveličanstveni), parishcenturyand of seat. the also instead the Rogozna, (pakrački, villages several comprising (Figure County ( Velika Kraljeva castle the indicates probably it part, anda stronghold had whichlocation disputed.today is notknownandstill is ( town market a as named is Gračenica

Horvat, “Grijanje”, 217; Horvat, “Pomoćni prostori”, 302 Horvat,“Pomoćni prostori”, 217; “Grijanje”, Horvat, Silvija Pisk, “Toponim Gračenica u srednjem vijeku” [The Toponym Gračenica in the Middle Ages], Middle the in Gračenica Toponym [The vijeku” srednjem u Gračenica “Toponim Pisk, Silvija The problem with this estate is that scholars are still disputing about the exact location, since there was also a a also was there since location, exact the about disputing still are scholars that is estate this with problem The nghold was built. In the fifteenth century, as its name indicates, it wasroyal name it Other indicates, In a estate. fifteenthas century, nghold its the built. was 211 The

3 21) 29 (2012): 13 location of th of location or

Velyke 12

Kaj ). 210

und Streza. A contribution to our medieval topography], topography], medieval our to contribution A Streza. und 46 (2013): 81 (2013): 46 near Požega. This one however is mentioned is however one This Požega. near

- rlea eia a te et f bg sae Co vlastelinstvo), (Cro. estate big a of seat the was Velika Kraljeva 34, 34, e districtus Velike districtus http://issuu.com/muzej districtus Velike districtus vatory on consoles there was most likely the bedroom. It was It bedroom. the likely most was there consoles on vatory

- 82.

libera villa libera

. Another opinion is that the estate Velika la Velika estate the that is opinion Another . is still disputed among scholars. Some argue that that argue Some scholars. among disputed still is 63

moslavine/docs/zbornik_moslavine_13_final/33 ). The town consisted of an upper and lower lower and upper an of consisted town The ). - 303. eia Regalis Velica

tower there were fireplaces on both floors floors both on fireplaces were there tower districtus Velike districtus

only in later charters, and since Kraljeva Kraljeva since and charters, later in only opography], opography], ) in the medieval Križevci Križevci medieval the in ) e owner of the town of of town the of owner e

Starine is Velike near Požega, Požega, near Velike is Starine

46 (1956): 195 (1956): 46

48 (1958): 157; (1958): 48 209 y south of the the of south y

Zbornik Zbornik

- 196; 196; (last - CEU eTD Collection 195 213 212 have been again. of castellans the orders Sigismund when of authority the from it separating subjects, his of some to Rogozna village the gives Sigismund 1403 In “Pomoćni prostori”, 302). 12 12 Croatia, Continental Hrvatske in Fortifications kontinentalne utvrdama G P tower. defense the of floor second and hall great the of floor first the of plan Figure

Má Dočkal, “Srednjovjekovna naselja oko Dobre Kuće”, 157; Dočkal, “Srednjovjekovna naselja oko Streze”, Streze”, oko naselja “Srednjovjekovna Dočkal, 157; Kuće”, Dobre oko naselja “Srednjovjekovna Dočkal, – - 196; Mályusz, 196;

approach gallery; Z Z gallery; approach lyusz, 213

From this we can assume that by the time Barbara got the got Barbara time the by that assume can we this From . comprised out of acomprisedvillages stronghold andfive out it. adjoining Levéltári eia er oea Lf: eosrcin f h stronghold the of reconstruction Left: Požega. near Velika Velike Levéltári Levéltári

. 6, 101 (no. 39); DL34667. 39); (no. 101 6, 212

The last m last The 6, 102, no. 41. no. 102, 6,

–

console lavatories (Zorislav Horvat, “Zidine i braništa na na braništa i “Zidine Horvat, (Zorislav lavatories console

ention of this village is in a charter from 23 November 1405,November 23 from charter a in is village this of ention

th - Velyke

5 sojć” Wls n Ba and [Walls stoljeća” 15. – 64

century], not to affiliate this village to the castle castle the to village this affiliate to not Prostor Prostor districtus Velike districtus 4 (1996): 182; Horvat, Horvat, 182; (1996): 4

. Right: ground ground Right: . ttlements on on ttlements , it would it , –

palace;

CEU eTD Collection 215 circa prestolantes, Hrvata demorando, propriis studeatis… in adhibere poteritis vestris quo fiende, salve istas, antefate civitatis ad conservacionem et custodiam partes duce deo adventum regis 214 father her from either charters issued authority. and prestige more with awarded been have would she successor, another of awaiting the in so fertile, be to proved Barbara but the not was which girl, a was child The pregnant. was she that certain was it after only power more with entrusted was Barbara that argument previous my Kin the regarding decisions own her make to able she that extent that to not but Kingdom, the of issues the with her trust to started consignari facimus regis Sigismundi nostri domini a the “in seal, Sigismund’s with authenticated is charter the hand, other the On over. take to return would king, the time, that at legislator real the until all them postponed she i.e. decisions, best the in done be way.possible to city the of business the for attention strong pay would king’s she the return After city. their of care good meanwhile take to and husband her of return the she so there, cit king the and representative the the ordering by finding him comforts not for concerned was emissary Gradec the that see can one charter, her to According absent. were father and husband her while Gradec of town royal ( Čakovec in increase gradual The in power

Tkalčić, Tkalčić, … ideo vestre fidelitati consulimus, eidem nichilominus firmiter mandamus, quatenus ipsius domini nostri nostri domini ipsius quatenus mandamus, firmiter nichilominus eidem consulimus, fidelitati vestre ideo sne f e on el ( seal” own her of bsence

2, 387. 2, c it charter this From issued she charter a in mentioned first is Barbara Slavonia, to relating and queen a As Monumenta

Chaktu 214

, 13. , rnya

o 9 aur 10, hr se eevs the receives she where 1408, January 9 on )

o te dto o te hre see charter the of edition the For an be seen that Barbara at this time still did not make any any make not did still time this at Barbara that seen be an

rsne atm betbs oti sgli, iil prefati sigillo sigillis, nostris absentibus autem Presentes

’s estates (like Čakovec was from 1405), or from other other from or 1405), from was Čakovec (like estates ’s curam vigilem et solertem medio tempore fideliter modo meliori modo fideliter tempore medio solertem et vigilem curam

Furthermore, up to the birth of Elizabeth, Barbara Elizabeth, of birth the to up Furthermore, 65

gdom of Slavonia. This would also support also would This Slavonia. of gdom ). 215 izens of Gradec to wait patiently for patiently wait to Gradec of izens

hs a idct ta Sigismund that indicate may This Tkalčić, Tkalčić,

perfect and awaited outcome, outcome, awaited and perfect Monumenta representative of the the of representative

13; Klaić, Klaić, 13;

would yetbe would Povijest Povijest CEU eTD Collection uu edm osri nsre rcre oo sno edm ioa Pltn matri Palatino Nicolao 119 eidem 1982), senior soror precarae 217 nostrae copulata Consortis dilecti, nostri Soceri eidem etc. Cilii, Comitis cuius Hermanni Domini Viri Spectabilis videlicet filiae carissimae, nostrae 216 been have to claimed town, royal exempt free a of burghers as latter, the which from Gradec, of burghers the from services and taxes demanded Kaptol, of overlords the i.e. Zagreb, of chapter the and bishop The space: limited a in resources limited for struggle a was It reasons. from revenue of issues of because constantly fought Zagreb, of city the form later would which towns opposing two Gradec of citizens 28 on Samobor, from namely domains, already repeat which phrase formal polite a only then. already Slavonia and Croatia the of government the wife his left he that indicate might charter this August, from Bosnia in war the with occupied was Sigismund plead, Barbara’s upon it issued Klaić, to According power. gaining started and estates, her got she when important, more got role Barbara’s when time the be might This vacantibus ( th herinto estates. was introduced not Buda. Thisalsomightroyal thatshe or still Kosice indicate residences like amta, raie reitrm t lvna rgou nsrrmbnts honoribus nostrorum…banatus regnorum Slavoniae et praedictorum Croatiae Dalmatiae, Gri rtes I te hre i i hglgtd ht h sa o te a i vacated is ban the of seat the that highlighted is it charter the In brothers. Garai e

Nada Klaić, Klaić, Nada … supplicibus nihilominus serenissimae nihilominus supplicibus …CDH 10, 660 …CDH10, 217 father’s her of one from charter a again issues Barbara year same the of fall the In of estates the confirms he which in charter a issued Sigismund King 1408 July 12 On pregnant - 156. I would like to than to like would I 156. :

), so it is certain that Herman had at that time no influence on the said p said the on influence no time that at had Herman that certain is it so ), Zagreb u srednjem vijeku srednjem u Zagreb

at she that time, might better had have a influence onSigismund. and the representative of Kaptol. The inhabitants of Gradec and Kaptol, Kaptol, and Gradec of inhabitants The Kaptol. of representative the and - 679; 679; the trade Gradec conducted, the ownership over the land, and political political and land, the over ownership the conducted, Gradec trade the Klaić, Klaić, Povijest Hrvata Hrvata Povijest k my friend and colleague Luka Rukavina for the help with this issue. For issue. this with help the for Rukavina Luka colleague and friend my k

“since her older sister is m is sister older her “since

[Zagreb in the middle ages], vol. 1 (Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada Liber, naklada Sveučilišna (Zagreb: 1 vol. ages], middle the in [Zagreb Principis Dominae Barbarae dictorum Regnorum Reginae Consortis Consortis Reginae Regnorum dictorum Barbarae Dominae Principis

ed itself in many charters. However, if Barbara was was Barbara if However, charters. many in itself ed September 1408. She settles a dispute between the the between dispute a settles She 1408. September 2, 387; 387; 2, 66

Föß el, “Barbara von Cilli”, 104. “Barbara el, arried to the Palatine”, and since since and Palatine”, the to arried the charter states that Sigismund that states charter the 216

introduced introduced monialiter extitit extitit monialiter hs ih be might This

rovinces. into into

CEU eTD Collection vinorum et frugum compellere et astringere nullo modo debeatis, nec niteremini ad vestras recipere recipere vestras erga ad vestro homine 219 niteremini vel vobis nec nostros facturi. non nostragracia pro igitur aliud debeatis, cives dictos modo per c prediximus, manus nullo apud videlicet abbatem ut dominum memoratum vina, astringere ipsa et sed manus, compellere presumpmatis frugum pa sedecimam et predictarum solucionem ad vinorum et cives nostros precipimus predictos firmiter quatenus vestre volentes, igitur omnino Fidelitati mandamus collocentur. effective et reponantur plenarie communes, Mar manus beate ecclesie abbatem dominum virum religiosum erga hospites et nostros cives dictos per disposuerit, et deliberavit personaliter premissis de etc., Hungarie rex gracia ser quosque interim, u 218 “Gradec Rukavina, Luka see 1382 Cillis institutions1382 institucijama the crkvenim of time i the plemstvom in s Gradec sukobu and Kaptol between disputes the on details charters more two issue will she 1413, April in Later, kingdoms. the in rule the over take the to has leaves Barbara Sigismund when period the this is coincidence by not proves. Probably evidence charter as well, as others in but city, this in authority exercise to started she when date the indicate might This 1411. in Sigismund by granted privilege a confirms changeestate status ofher as ( city” “our as city to refers she one second the in Gradec, of inhabitants the of problems the with deal and well. ascharters laterinpattern the be to althou disputes, settle

See Et quia nos id deliberavimus nostreque omnino existit voluntatis, ut predicta sedecima pars vini et frugum frugum et vini pars sedecima predicta ut voluntatis, existit omnino nostreque deliberavimus id nos quia Et Kondor, “Double Kondor, she which in October1412, in issued is Koprivnica to addressed charter Barbara’sfirst to power and rights more and more got gradually Barbara that shows charter This you for dootherwise not must oursake man your or you to citizens wine same sixteen compel that entirely, wishing command we Therefore effectively. arranged pres the in namely the about prev the regulated of abbot and decided etc., Hungary of mentioned, already king grace same the by Sigismund lord husband, and lord beloved most our leader, distinguished most will, our of entirely mentioned was it and considered we because And - th part th 1458], MA thesis (Zagreb: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences), manuscript. Sciences), Social and of FacultyHumanities MA thesis(Zagreb: 1458], In Kamengrad. from

and commit commit and nsiu picp dmns t aiu nse crsiu, oiu Sgsuds eadem Sigismundus dominus carissimus, noster maritus et dominus princeps enissimus s civitas nostra civitas one , - which,

hatted”. gh she only confirmed Sigismund’s previous decision. This would prove would This decision. previous confirmedSigismund’s onlyshe gh of wine and and wine of - sixteen iously mentioned church of the H the of church mentioned iously ne f ulc hands public of ence by our said our by

our citizens to citizens our as we have prescribed, have we as - holder eight during months. these th part of wine of part th ), and in the ones following this charter. This might indicate a a indicate might This charter. this following ones the in and ),

grain

For the edition of the charter see Tkalčić, Tkalčić, see thecharter ofthe edition For the one from 6 April 1413 she orders that the estate Črni estate the that orders she 1413 April 6 from one the in favor of of favor in

citizens and guests against the pious man, lord lord man, pious the against guests and citizens , nor , you 219

the previously mentioned payment of payment mentioned previously the Although both charters are issued in the same yearthe same in charters areissued both Although are not allowed and must not must and allowed not are - should togy ntut Y instruct strongly

48 [rdc n ofit wi conflict in [Gradec 1458” 67 ommunes plenarie reponantur et integraliter collocentur; collocentur; integraliter et reponantur plenarie ommunes and of and . 218

the mentioned lord abbot lord mentioned the

te wud ae etrd ul and fully restored have would they ,

you have to be deposited be to have e igns e arba rdca au videlicet apud predicta, Zagrabia de virginis ie grain dare

oly Virgin Mary of Zagreb, of Mary Virgin oly at the same time, when the when time, same the at

lay our your hands hands your Fidelity and we we and Fidelity Monumenta th the nobility and church church and nobility the th that publicly and and publicly

by our said our by

in any way any in h before the

, 14. , on country, and and country,

one

the

- rtem the

CEU eTD Collection 222 litterarum. testimonio et vigore nostrarum harum reddimus, temporibus futuris perpetuis absolutos omnia per et supportamus expedimus, quos habeantur, et sint solucione et dicacione spectantibus…mardurinali claustrum dictum … 404. MHEZ, see Streza of monastery Garić on Mary Virgin mountain) (Moslavina Blessed the of monastery the of privileges and rights the monasteries: Pauline medieval Blaž samostana povlastice 221 Monumenta utmini cadem vosmet vel se debeatis tradere feudum in et arendere oportunum et est civitatis opus dicte quod nostris secundum civibus nostre dictis ex uni et removere Farkasii Stephano eo ab arendatam, Farkasii Stephano 220 rewarded Barbara that document, this with connection in highlight to important also is It forests. and meadows, lands, arable so villages, curie fundus peas the of All land. of jutro) (Cro. acres 120 had have would plots six pratis et arabilibus terris cum extendens ( plots tenant six comprised which predium monastery of Sigi King by later month a confirmed was privilege The Paulines. the disturb to fur marten on tax the of collectors the their and Garić of monastery Pauline matter. and and hadwho supported helped inthis people her ruling to accustomed more got Barbara that indicate might This Gradec. of city the of matters char the since position higher ( Šafar estate. own her of favor in more once decides she way this In Gradec. otok onthe rivergiven,against Savaof thedecision th is cundum premissam testamentariam legacionem et disposicionem… et legacionem testamentariam premissam cundum

Dočkal, “Srednjovjekovna naselja oko Streze”, 170. Streze”, oko naselja “Srednjovjekovna Dočkal, Mályusz, Mályusz, … rcpms t adms qaeu rbs i hbniu, prefata habentibus, sic rebus quatenus mandamus, et precipimus Petrus dictus Saphar dictus Petrus the brothers his and Nicholas tenant the granted Barbara 1417 February 15 On ch a issued Barbara 1412 November 25 On

dsre vlae Kmn fo te sae f her of estate the from Kameno village) (deserted , , 16 Levéltári , a lot in the suburbs, but also a also but suburbs, the in lot a , - Streza 17.

], ],

10, 108; Silvija Pisk, Pisk, Silvija 108; 10,

Radovi ( Ztreza n Deie aie a aiu Msaak gr) [ gora)” (Moslavačka Gariću na Marije Djevice ene mn. n h sm dy h as gv te ae rvlg t the to privilege same the gave also she day same the On smund.

43 (2011): 160. Pisk, “Toponim Garić”, 11. For the edition of the charter for the the for charter the of edition the For 11. Garić”, “Toponim Pisk, 160. (2011): 43 ). ), a judge form Gradec, is mentioned again. Apart from gaining a gaining from Apart again. mentioned is Gradec, form judge a ), 221 ter form Čakovec in 1408, he seems to be her confidant in the the in confidant her be to seems he 1408, in Čakovec form ter

dicto claustro ipsisque ac universis populis et iobagionibus ipsorum ad ipsorum iobagionibus et populis universis ac ipsisque claustro dicto ad sex sessiones jobagionalies seu fundos curiarum se se curiarum fundos seu jobagionalies sessiones sex ad

jobagiones “Prilog povijesti srednjovjekovnih pavlinskih samostana: prava i i prava samostana: pavlinskih srednjovjekovnih povijesti “Prilog ).

222

sessio jobagionalis sessio According to calculations, this village with those villagewith this calculations, to According

68 her subject with the largest village from her her from village largest the with subject her

from payment of any state tax, and prohibits prohibits and tax, state any of payment from arter from the from arter ea tothe of testament,citizens fief as

exempti et absoluti ac per omnia expediti omnia per ac absoluti et exempti For the edition of the charter see charter the of edition the For

islm e vs u dctr dicto dicitur, ut vos, per insulam m castrum , pieces of land outside of the the of outside land of pieces , castrum otiuin o h hsoy of history the to Contribution

220 aega ( Kamengrad

Garić, relieving the the relieving Garić, In the charter Petar charter the In n hlig a a had holdings ant Kwv Tkalčić, Tkalčić, ar ), CEU eTD Collection Barbare Regine, mutata ipsa nostra dispositione ab eadem domina Regina; similiter cum aliis castris, castris, aliis castri cum similiter videlicet Budyethyn Castri loco Regina; ac appelatis, Owar possessionibus, et domina Ztrechen Hracho, Biztricia, Orozlankw, oppidis, eadem Zwcha, ac Trynchiniensi, ab Districtibus, dispositione Civitatibus, nostra comitatibus, ipsa mutata Regine, Barbare d invadencium, continuo partes ipsas 226 225 224 223 1428, where pledgesthePalatine to domains Garai. allBarbara’s Sigismund previous f charter the in again repeated and 1424 Mai 22 from Barbara to charter donation Sigismund’s in noted is which Hungary, northern in ones for them exchanged and 1435. in death unt up position that held and 1423 in again ban appointed was Herman father her since in Slavonia. a only can one area, the crumble. estateafterwards thewhole to and started time, Kamengrad was at which desolated estate, that

Mályusz, Mályusz, Engel, Klaić, …

demumque propter insultus Turcorum, Crucis Christi persecutorum et nostrorum notoriorum emulorum emulorum notoriorum nostrorum et persecutorum Christi Crucis Turcorum, insultus propter demumque family, Cilli the of interests the administer to Slavonia in stay to have not did Barbara h castle the ( ( Podhradie Vršatské prop towns, ( districts, cities, counties, enemies, known above attacks the the of concerning account on Barbara queen lady provision mentioned above constant the by the request persistent and and our wish expressed freely changed the following queen, have lady mentioned we afterwards And nobly beenadequately and with. contented has and will own her of Barbara queen lady said the mentioned, before all those to dist cities, counties, castles, same the of usefulness and things pertaining and properties villages, towns, the all with ( Štiavnica before ( Neusohl called otherwise namely towns mining our with also County; same the Dobra ( Brezno called cities the with similarly also Zvolen; castle our and city and county the building own its within Koprivnica Hracho Trynchen Magyarország világi archontológiája világi Magyarország 223 Kaiser Sigismund in Ungarn in Sigismund Kaiser

Was it because of her misguidance or if Barbara tried ad that moment to resettle to moment that ad tried Barbara if or misguidance her of because it Was ia ( Niva 224 etoe Zoe Cut, n as Kenc ( Kremnica also and County, Zvolen mentioned ), Strečno ( Strečno ), Brezebanja

, ) with ) vln County Zvolen

This is one explanation why she agreed to give up her estates in Slavonia in estates her up give to agreed she why explanation one is This uaí ( Budatín 86 Sebnych - 87. Dobronya of the the of

ssume; however, a few years afterwards Barbara gives up her estates estates her up gives Barbara afterwards years few a however, ssume; Trenčí who kept invading those regions; si regions; those invading kept who ), Nová Baňa ( Baňa Nová ), Ztrechen ) and Krupina ( Krupina and ) Budyethyn Turks Orozlankw n County, and also with also and County, n ) e beneplacita voluntate ac instanti et continua peticione predicte domine domine predicte peticione continua et instanti ac voluntate beneplacita e destroyed, desolated, and obliterated; in addition with addition in obliterated; and desolated, destroyed,

, , Slovenská ,92. and Novizolio te persec the , ) and Óvár ( Óvár and )

)

, 20. , with t ht ie codn to according time that at , oasá ytia ( Bystrica Považská ), Kwnysperg Carpona

ricts, ), and and ), Ľupča Šášovské 69

utors of Christ’s cross and our our and cross Christ’s of utors Owar ris nml te ate Trenčí castle the namely erties, urburae

); moreover with our castles called castles our with moreover ); Ľubietová ( Lyp ), and Pukanec ( Pukanec and ), 226 Banská Banská ), and and ), castles Podhradie

cha

and our castles, in addition in castles, our and milarly with other castles, castles, other with milarly ), with the place ( place the with

ytia ( Bystrica and called ( Li Crem

bet

( a reasonable cause cause reasonable a Biztricia Vígľaš Saaskw h Sučany Tyce cm Comitatu cum Trynchen s Bakaban a pne big n the in being ) Bystriciensis ch rom ) ( ), Hrušov Hrušov ),

Vegles ), Banská Banská ),

in locus ( Zwcha a 28 November 28 Tekov Tekov ), and ), well ) of )

in 225 ), n )

il his il

CEU eTD Collection 229 228 227 sufficienter ac liberaliter et sponte contenta… extiterat Regina Barbara domina urburarum dicta premissis Districtuum, omnibus quibus Civitatum, super nostrarum, Comitatuum, Castrorum, eorundem utilitatibus et e pertinenciis ac Novizoli, possessionibus villis, oppidis, universisque Bakabana, et Kwnysperg alias Sebnych, Crempnech, item existentibus, Bystriciensis, videlicet nostrarum, montanarum Civitatibus item Barsiensi; in Saaskw ac Zoliensi, eodem in nuncupati Vegles et Lypcha Dobronya, domo et civitate ac Comitatu Zo preterea aboliti; et nostris desolati rupti, edificiis suis in causis ex racionabilibus tunc arms to nobles the calling charter, a issues Barbara 1413 June 1 On well. as Barbara to but com nobles and cities many was goodwill, too: occasion this king’s in role her played the Barbara lands. his of lost deprived and traitor quicklya proclaimed he altogether, ally an and godfather daughter’s Hrvoj Although noble. Bosnian a with even get to situation the used but neighbors, his help to appear not did upon, called although Hrvatinić, Vukčić Hrvoje Duke Ottomans. the against fought and themselves united nobles fo Sigismund asked despot Serbian The 1412. in Serbia invaded they since area the in were They Ottomans. the of invasions constant the exchange and which were barely enough tomanageher house later, decades some had Sforza MariaBianca mentioned the that florins 9000 to 4000 the than florins. 16000 around however was sum the calculations recent 28000 again authors some to according new her bring This would revenues well. as Diósgyőr received she year same the of March In coins. of production the her gave but her, t the took he 1427 February 1 On florins. 8000 of sum a up made together which the of part a as well as Brezno, and Krupina

Fößel, “The Queen’s Wealth”, 30. Queen’s“The Wealth”, Fößel, ungar der Besitztümer Draskóczy,“Die Mályusz, this for reason the as states Barbara above, quoted text the from seen be could it As of taxes the gaveBarbara Sigismund kingdom,the of north the in cities the fromApart liensi; item similiter civitatibus Brezenbanja et Carpona denominatis; ceterum castris nostris nostris castris ceterum denominatis; Carpona et Brezenbanja civitatibus similiter item liensi; Kaiser Sigismund in Ungarn in Sigismund Kaiser Wenzel, “Okmányi adalék Borbála”, 272. Borbála”, adalék “Okmányi Wenzel, urbura plained about the duke to Sigismund who was at that time abroad, time that at was who Sigismund to duke the about plained

n od sle, n la ised a wl a te ae o the on taxes the as well as instead, lead and silver, gold, on

,92. ischen Königinnen”, 66 Königinnen”, ischen

ws t ht ie n h kn’ mry big his being mercy, king’s the in time that at was e 70 urbura

t Libetha vocatis in predicto Zoliensi Comitatibus Comitatibus Zoliensi predicto in vocatis Libetha t

hold andliving expenses.

(tax given after revenues from mining) mining) from revenues after given (tax - 67. r help, so the Hungarian and Bosnian and Hungarian the so help, r

228 florins This was still much more much still was This 227 , but according to according but , 229

hirtieth from hirtieth

c domus ac

CEU eTD Collection Sigismund in in Sigismund 232 231 230 the dispute withher husband return uponhis toHungary in1419. to up likely most them held she that and wedding, their of time the at spouse Sigismund’s as t chapter, this of beginning the at analyzed already charter, this from is It Garai. Palatine the to above mentioned 1428 from charter the in Slavonia in possessions former Barbara’s also pledged he why plausible is it campaigns, of need constant in was Sigismund of that Considering Bishop the to 1428 May 1 on Kalnik Veliki stronghold the pledged he troops, his pay and form to needed money the lacked he among to, 1427 July 7 on charter a issued Sigismund armies, his of leaders the and servants loyal his reward to order In 1428. of summer the to up continued war The II. Murad son sultan’s late in Upper towns the her giving Barbara, to charter donation a issued Sigismund when 1424 May Instead battle. S a to came never it apparently but summer, the in Ottomans the with war a there. from estates They Ottomans. the Bosni invaded to help for turned Hrvoje enemies, his by Cornered Hrvoje. against gsudarne atuewt tesla emd , o h uain ffv years. five of duration the for I, Mehmed sultan the with truce a arranged igismund

Klaić, Klaić, Klaić, Klaić, Klaić, - Hungary, Ottoman armies were already invading Bosnia under the leadership of leadership the under Bosnia invading already were armies Ottoman Hungary,

others, John Maróti, giving Maróti, John others, Povijest Hrvata Povijest Hrvata Povijest oiet Hrvata Povijest Ungarn a in the summer of 1414, and were since then occasionally invading Croatian Croatian invading occasionally then since were and 1414, of summer the in a , , 139 230

3, 119 3, 3, Upon Sigismund’s return to Hungary in February 1419, he prepared for prepared he 1419, February in Hungary to return Sigismund’s Upon - 140;

79 3, 131, 135, 137; 137; 135, 131, 3, -

81, 87. 81, Engel, - 121.

The Realm of St. Stephen St. of Realm The

him the stronghold Velika in t in Velika stronghold the him

Hoensch, hat we know what domains Barbara had a right to right a had Barbara domains what know we hat 71 arb on f le fr 40 florins. 14000 for Alben of John Zagreb

asr Sigismund Kaiser , , 235

oe, t th at money, - 238.

24 341 284, ,

he Križevci County. Since Since County. Križevci he is time especially for his his for especially time is - 344; 344; Mályusz, Kaiser Kaiser 231

the

232 In

CEU eTD Collection be seen in the marriages that were arranged for Barbara’s sisters Elizabeth and Anna, and for for and Anna, and Elizabeth sisters Barbara’s for arranged were that marriages the in seen be Sigi from gain could he authority and lands of means by prosper would Cilli of Hermann hand, other the On childless. him left Mary Queen since well, as succession of issue the with but desired, Sigismund which throne Bosnian the linea Bosnian had she because only not rule, his secure to means a was Barbara Sigismund, for hand, one the on sides; both behind hidden motives ambitious with nature, political of exclusively was bond The time. first the for met have would couple where Celje, in upon agreed was dowry the and made were negotiations The release. search,after hisrelease, awife for new again. apparentlyimprisoned, anddied Margareta got Sigismund Since throne. Polish the to link his been have would awaited, he Hungary to arrival whose and proxy by married was he whom to woman the Brzeg, of Margareta Europe. aspi his accomplish and prosper to Sigismund for means political a as after sought was she companionship, or love for after sought not was wife new research into insights new bring can that them between established relationship the but ways, new in proven and forward brought are that facts individual the only not is It now. summarize to important several but queen, houses royal family Cilli entire the of member h eggmn wt Braa f il ws odce soty fe Sigismund’s after shortly conducted was Cilli of Barbara with engagement The A Mary. Queen wife, his of death the after choice first Sigimund’s not was Barbara aspect, political a from looking When on Barbaraher times. andon M tei hs oue ol o a hr pro i te ie f hs oa and woman this of life the in period short a on only focused has thesis My .

points have been made throughout the thesis, which I would like would I which thesis, the throughout made been have points . Her lineage Her .

CONCLUSION sometime in the middle of 1401, Sigismund had to to Sigismund had of1401, inthemiddle sometime

72 Barbara of Cilli was Cilli of Barbara smund. The motive from the Cilli side can also also can side Cilli the from motive The smund.

and legacy and

ain twr ifrn trns of thrones different toward rations can be traced into many European European many into traced be can ge and her father claims to to claims father her and ge the most important female important most the

the new new the CEU eTD Collection ierd ad l te oa gvrmn ofcs ee oe t Bu to moved were still offices government was royal residence the all royal and the Visegrád, 1405 in thesis; my confirm indications Other Hungary. of queen as a crowned tobe order first,in toSigismund married Barbara tobe events. had line of and Krapina through Bosnia, over Székesfehérvár movement circular a shows itinerary Sigismund’s that Bosnia.Considering in situation succession the of monitoring his and Venice, alliancewith an for negotiations constant the like time, that at occupations other Sigismund’s with explained Ag Middle the in majority of age the that Knowing Sigismund. to married got she when thirteen was thus she that 1392, meaning into year birth her put surely can one engagement, the of time the at nine was in December, 6 on follow, will coronation Barbara’s that and place taken has wedding the that notes which date, this on Krapina in issued charter a by confirmed is This wedding. royal proper a have to Novemb 16 before days some Krapina, in happened wedding The here. presented research the of result a as before than certainty greater a with reconstructed e necessary. helping and ambitions their following way, own its in prosper to party each enabled bonds family strong Such region. this in support also thus securing nobility, Croatian other with as well as family, Frankapan powerful the with connections family into go also Cillis the that see can one families, these of genealogy the into further looking By queen. sincethePolish also Poland, became regions Garai, in Anna and Palatine owned by the region the in lineage, his least at or influence, his secured Hermann marriages these with well; as Anna cousin her

the sources confirm his activities in Bosnia on different campaigns also in 1405, and that and 1405, in also campaigns different on Bosnia in activities his confirm sources the The series of events connected to Barbara’s and Sigismund’s marriage can be be can marriage Sigismund’s and Barbara’s to connected events of series The

Székesfehérvár , back to Buda, in my opinion there is no reason why one should doubt reason whyno should one is there my Buda,opinion in to back , s owned by the Count of Gorizia, namely Carinthia and Carniola, in the the in Carniola, and Carinthia namely Gorizia, of Count the by owned s es was twelve for girls, the additional year of waiting can be be can waiting of year additional the girls, for twelve was es .

Since the s the Since ources and literature most often state that Barbara that state often most literature and ources 73

er 1405, a time long enough long time a 1405, er a rdal fo 1408 from gradually da ach other when when other ach

the saidthe t CEU eTD Collection ban of Mačva on 28 November by Sigismund, confirming his old donations. Such a donation a Such donations. old his confirming Sigismund, by November 28 on Mačva of ban issued tothe such documentof thefirst isaprivilege Thebeforeafter coronation. thetime and around or in presence Sigismund’s confirm coronation charters other several no preserved, Although Day. Nicholas’ Saint said the on crowned was Barbara charter invitation issued inNovemberKrapina. 1405 the in ones the to correspond Republic the of notary the by formulated coronation; the to and wedding the to them inviting Ragusa, of residents the to letter Sigismund’s by confirmed also is Krapina in happenedwedding the that assumption The place. taken have could wedding the of church parish the was castle the of outside and Cillis, the by built chapel a was there castle the of area the In retinue. his and king a for was Krapina in castle The palaceresidentiala and kitchen, a heated, had archaeologicalexcavations, there. happened have not could the wedding why reason no see I Therefore subject. his to given had he estate the on received was he where Bosnia in campaign a from back way his on Krapina reach easily could Sigismund estates inStyriaCilli also theones Hunga bordering and inSlavonia, withthe with connecting the naturallyborderlocation, a Ityearsrather fewhadearlier. a himself Sigismund the place wedding. ofthe as mentioned mistakenly often most is which Buda, in place took wedding the that possibility no was there that indicate factors these All commissioned. was palace new a of construction and Barbara’s of engagement the for condition bad in considered still was Buda in palace the 1411 in Also, Buda. in palace the of shape bad and insufficiency the was Visegrád in was residence the why reason the Furthermore, onwards. After the wedding Sigismund and Barbara were on their way to to way their on were Barbara and Sigismund wedding Afterthe Kra ia a a ate n h pseso o Hran f il, rne t hm by him to granted Cilli, of Hermann of possession the in castle a was pina it can be seen from the Ragusans’ response letter that the sentences sentences the that letter response Ragusans’ the from seen be can it

St. Nicholas; in both of these sacral buildings buildings sacral these of both in Nicholas; St.

Sigismund’s only daughter Elizabeth, so a so Elizabeth, daughter only Sigismund’s Székesfehérvár –

everything proper , according to to according , Székesfehérvár rian estates.rian ordo , where where ,

CEU eTD Collection statement thattheBuda time was constructionfromcastle some under 1411. mentioned above the to correspond also might This Hungary. in castle other any as protected, w castles her since have, might she 1412, in Hungary left Sigismund after estates her of one to court her transferred she if sure not is it Although queen. a of worthy equipped and built and comfortable proved excavations, anddisputes, exercise authority. settle own, her on decide to started Barbara 1409 after Only own. her not estates, father’s othe Also, Sigismund. to directly her, to addressed approved if decision, the only transferred or decisions she Sigismund’s Elizabeth, of birth the before her by issued charters the to According inexperienc and age young her than other opinion, my In marriage. the after years several for properties landed her over authority full have not did she age young her of because apparently but them, into introduced Székesfehérvár in be would Serbia, today’s in region a Mačva, of ban the why reason no is there since sure, Alth coronation. supposed the after day him. without charter a such issued have could bodies writing the of none since issued, was it when present been have must Sigismund to route travel a on lie which of all today, in 1405 December 3 on issued was charter second A action. an such for occasion good a be l could coronation events festive and person, in king the from for asked be only could e etts oehr ih hi csls n reve and castles their with together estates Her the to related properties Barbara’s to Turning r than from the royal residences, from Slavonia she issued only charters from her her from charters only issued she Slavonia from residences, royal the from than r

at all, except if he if attendingat was coronation. all,except the Dombó a lc wih ol crepn wt tre osbe locations possible three with correspond would which place a , e, a major issue was that she still has not produced an heir. heir. an produced not has still she that was issue major a e,

ere as comfortable and spacious, and especially well well especially and spacious, and comfortable as ere

ough Sigismund is not mentioned, he was around for for around was he mentioned, not is Sigismund ough A

third charter was issued by the ban of Mačva, one one Mačva, of ban the by issued was charter third Székesfehérvár 75

wedding, it is not sure when Barbara got got Barbara when sure not is it wedding, nues, according to archaeological archaeological to according nues, . Al . though the charter is an insert, insert, an is charter the though

ike a wedding or a a or wedding a ike

CEU eTD Collection mn te hns te motneo h rpris ie pcfclyt th to specifically given properties the of importance the things, other among confirm, made I observations The particular. in queenship on studies and general in studies also ofbut other this, vision eventsBarbara’s liferule. during and Dvořákov Daniela andFößel Amalie bytakenbe will coronation Barbara’sto approach An GIS tools. of help the with estates queenly and personal Barbara’s of mapping and research detailed more a and himself, of king as Barbara, also therefore crown to other intention with Sigismund’s context contemporaries; into female her placed of coronation, coronations Barbara’s Celje; visited king the that idea thearchitect with happened Celje, incontext in another it if from engagement, Barbara’s are upon with dealt looked be to or need that her, things the about of Some perspective. uncovered be to need that things many still more. Thisact her wouldmake a theimplementation of in family her perfectagent agenda. even well, as own her of but family, her of influence and power the expand and on authority reve good with part rich a kingdom, the of part another to turned have would she her, to nuisance a such were Ottomans the that condition the under and already, supervision his under was region the Since exchange. the for asked yearshe before a Slavonia reinstatedas ban fathero bethatwas her could Another the ofproperties reason swapping for attack. of line first direct the on were them of all not and protected, well very were estates Ottoma were there since true, be might This Ottomans. the of attacks constant the stated she reason a As Hungary. medieval northern in estates towns and other for mining in1419, dispute Sigismund after their I hope that my thesis will find its rightful place among other contributions to gender to contributions other among place rightful its find will thesis my that hope I small a only covered research my stated, already I As Sl in estates her exchanged Barbara á, and I hope that my contribution will also help them to establish a more correct correct more a establish to them help also will contribution my that hope I and á, n incursions to these regions since 1414. But as I have shown, her shown, have I as But 1414. since regions these to incursions n Bosnia; the birth of Elizabeth in respect to other events; and and events; other to respect in Elizabeth of birth the Bosnia; avonia, after they have been returned to her by by her to returned been have they after avonia, 76 ural and archaeological evidence to support the andarchaeologicalsupportthe evidenceural to

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the specific character and ambition of each of ambition and character specific the CEU eTD Collection áys, lmr “ szlav “A Elemér. Mályusz, Tibor. Neumann, and Norbert Tóth, C. Iván, Borsa, Elemér, Mályusz, ed. Šime, Ljubić, ed. Andrija, Lukinović, L. J. Laynesmith, ed. Franz, Krones, Iorga,Nicolae, ed. ed. Thallóczy, Lajos and József Gelcich, Jakob. Johann Fugger, ed. Georgius, Fejér, forrásainak levéltári Magyarország középkori A Hungarica. Diplomatica Collectio ed. Wilhelm, Altmann, Primary sources Akadémiai, 1954 oklevéltár of Jugoslaven Republic the and Slavs southern the Venice] between relations the to related [Charters vol.5.Zagreb:Zagrabiensis], episcopatus sadašnjost, 1992. Kršćanska UniversityOxford 2004. Press, Lubensky,Leuschner 1883. und Leroux,Paris: Ernest 1899. and oklevéltára összeköttetéseinek Magyarország és Budapest: MagyarTudományos Raguza Akadémia, 1887. Hungariae. regno cum =pagesearch&sid=266e5b3043ac3b63fe2c9d87c021c9cd heidelberg.de/diglit/drwFugger1668/0438?page_query=459&navmode=struct&action OesterreichErzhauses Buda: 1841. 2014). 5.1). (DL edition Online Hungary]. Medieval of Documents of [Database adatbázisa. Sigmunds Kaiser in the Nationalof Hungary]. Archives monasteries Pauline Croatian and Slavonian of charters [The Levéltárban” Országos

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(1387 ska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, i znanosti 1875.ska akademija Notes et extraits pour servir a l'histoire des croisades au XV des croisades au et al'histoire extraitsservir pour Notes

h Las The itn o doai imđ jžo Saesv i ltče Republike Mletačke i Slavenstva južnog između odnošajih o Listine i Fee vn aek n ir Crnk l Gae vn Cilli. von Grafen als Chronik ihre und Saneck von Freien Die Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis ac ecclesiasticus Hungariae diplomaticus Codex Spiege

– Eberhart Windeckes Denkwürdigkeiten zur Geschichte Geschichte zur Denkwürdigkeiten Windeckes Eberhart . Berlin: Gaertner, 1893. – ouet setni hsoim lvrm meridionalium Slavorum historiam spectantia Monumenta 1424). 2009. oien soeii arbče biskupije Zagrebačke spomenici Povijesni óniai és horvátországi középkori pálos kolostorok oklevelei az az oklevelei kolostorok pálos középkori horvátországi és óniai Mdea Qen. nls Qenhp 1445 Queenship English Queens. Medieval t . Ed. Sigismund von Birken. Nürnberg, 1668. Nürnberg,1668. Birken. von Sigismund Ed. . l der Ehren des Hoechstloeblichsten Kayser Hoechstloeblichsten des Ehren der l SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHYSELECTED

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Nw York: New . siécle - 203. Zagreb: .

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CEU eTD Collection Neven. Budak, Wilhelm. Baum, Cil of counts [The doba” njihova in grofi “Celjski Franjo. Baš, In Hungary.” Medieval in Scapegoats as “Queens M. János Bak, Gyula Kovács, Annamária IstvánHorváth, Buzás, Gergely Biczó, Piroska Julianna, Altmann, Secondary literature birtokáról királynék magyar Erzsébet és Borbála adalék “Okmányi ed. Gusztáv Wenzel, ed. Tkalčić,Ivan Krstitelj, [ stoljeća” početkaXV. iz Ferdo. isprava “Nekoliko Šišić, ed. Tadija, Smičiklas, Rendić é szlavóniai “A Elemér. Mályusz, ay Ir, ed. Imre, Nagy, - Siklósi, and András Végh. Végh. Budapest: 1999. Nap, András and Siklósi, Elizabeth]” (1424 Brzotiskom K.Albrechta, 1894. D regni of the fifteenth Diplomata annorum 1201 akademija 1990. umjetnosti, i znanosti Slavoniae 1888. Vasonkeo et Zich de Zichy comitum senioris domus diplomaticus 123. Hungary]. of Archives National the in monasteries Pauline Croatian and Slavonian of charters [The Levéltárban” Országos uaie o rj 16 kraja do županije Styria, 1993. zbornik 1997. Europe Medieval Feletar”, 1994. “Dr. kuća Nakladna Zagreb: Ages]. Middle the during Varaždin) of (district Croatia ičvć ue t l, ed. al., et Duje Miočević

- 1439) [Charter evidence on the domains of the Hungarian queens queens Hungarian the of domains the on evidence [Charter 1439)

(1951): 7 laie Cota e Slavoniae. et Croatiae almatiae, Gradovi Varaždinske županije u srednjem vijeku: urbanizacija Varaždinske urbanizacija vijeku: srednjem u županije Varaždinske Gradovi

. Vol. 18, Diplomata 18, Vol. . zci s v és zichi A asr iimn. osaz Hs n Türkenkriege. und Hus Konstanz, Sigismund. Kaiser Magyar Történelmi Tár

century Codex Diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae et Dalmatiae Croatiae, Regni Diplomaticus Codex - , ed. Anne Duggan, 223 Duggan, Anne ed. , 22.

Monumenta historica liberae regiae civitatis Zagrabiae metropolis civitatis Zagrabiae regiae Monumenta liberae historica

stoljeća . ]. ]. snei rf Zichy gróf ásonkeői Starine - 1235 continens. Zagreb:1235 continens.Tisak dioničke 190 tiskare, s horvátországi középkori pálos kolostorok oklevelei az az oklevelei kolostorok pálos középkori horvátországi s

oe Dpoaiu Rgi raie Dlaie et Dalmatiae Croatiae, Regni Diplomaticus Codex eim regni Medium annorum 1395 annorum

39 (1938): 130 Dvlpet f ra stlmns n north in settlements urban of [Development

12 (1863): 268 79

Levéltári Közlemények Levéltári - 233. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, Press, Boydell The UK: Woodbridge, 233.

- család idősb ágának okmánytára. Codex Codex okmánytára. ágának idősb család o. . ilmt: 1400 Diplomata: 2. Vol. - 1399 continens. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska Jugoslavenska Zagreb: continens. 1399 – - 320.

eivl ugra ryl seats royal Hungarian Medieval Several - 287.

charters from the from charters li and their time]. time]. their and li Queens and Queenship in Queenship and Queens

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. Vol. 5. Budapest, 5. Vol. . rz We: Köln: Wien: Graz: - 49 Zagreb: 1499. - 2 (1932): 92 (1932): 2 Barbara and and Barbara

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CEU eTD Collection Föß Föß Tót C. Norbert and Pál Engel, Pál. Engel, Pál. Engel, Feletar. Dragutin and Tomislav Đurić, Daniela. Dvořáková, overview an studies: court Modern "Early Jeroen. Duindam, ed. Anne Duggan, Cilli von Grafen “Die Heinz. Dopsch, naselj “Srednjovjekovna Kamilo. Dočkal, srednjovjekovnoj našoj Prilog Streze. oko naselja “Srednjovjekovna Kamilo. Dočkal, ‘Bellifortis’ Kyeser signis’. septem de ‘Liber úgynevezett “Az Csaba. Csapodi, der Fakultät Philosophische Leipzig: dissertation. Ph.D. Cilli.” von “Barbara Hans. Chilian, l Amalie. el, el, Amalie. “The Wealth Ages.”el, inthe Middle Amalie. Queen’s Herrschaftsrechte, Handlungsspielräume. itineraries Budapest: Tudományos Magyar ofkings and queens]. Akadémia, 2005. I.B. 2001. Tauris, Vol. 1.Budapest: MTATörténettudományiIntézete, 1996. Varaždin, NIŠRO Varaždin: Croatia]. northwestern 1981. of castles and cities fortified SAV, 2013. Bratisl Budmerice; queen]. Bohemian (1392 rímsko uhorskej, Repräsentation historischer und Stroymeyer,Markus Völkel 37 and Arno Geschichtsschreibung von Produktionsort (16. Höfen europäischen an Historiographie CollegeHeld 1995. King's April at London 17/18 (1974/1975):9 our to contribution A Kuća. Dobra around medieval topography]. settlements [Medieval topografiji” medieval our to contribution A topography]. Streza. around settlements [Medieval topografiji” of the ‚Bellifortis’ byin Kyeser], fragment Budapest A signis”. septem de “Liber called so [The töredékéről budapesti Univ The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895 Hungary, Medieval of History A Stephen: St. of Realm The ersität Leipzig,ersität 1908. Magyarország

- 41 isgtu bo aot h lf o te ugra, Roman Hungarian, the of life the about book insightful 1451) Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference a of Proceedings Europe: Medieval in Queenship and Queens

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CEU eTD Collection Horvat, Zorislav. “Grijanje u srednjovjekovnim b srednjovjekovnim u “Grijanje Zorislav. Horvat, K. Jörg Hoensch, ed. Paravicini, Werner and Jan Hirschbiegel, Oscar. Halecki, in Paližna [Ivan historiografiji” i vrelima povijesnim u Paližna “Ivan Hrvoje. Gračanin, In von)”. Freie (Sannegg, von Grafen “Cilli, Johannes. Grabmayer, In Image.” Her of Search In (Cilli): Celje of “Barbara Nataša. Golob, Erik. Fügedi, Rolanda. Germadnik, Fugger Germ Fugger ed. Rolanda, Germadnik, Fugger Föß l Aai. Braa o Cli Ir füe Jhe l Gmhi Sgsud und Sigismunds Gemahlin als Jahre frühen Ihre Cilli. von “Barbara Amalie. el, München: Beck, 1996. 2000. Neuzeit früher und Spätmittelalter UniversityColumbia 1991 Press, umjetničkiu Bjelovaru rad Historiography]. and Sources Historical Werner Paravicini,51 Ein Reich. spätmittelalterlichen FacultyArts oftheUniversity of ofMaribor, 2012. pogledi regionalni i Globalni 1400. okrog Umetnost = Perspectives Regional and Global 1400. around 187. Budapest: Akadémiai, 1986. Regional Museum,2013. (?1394 Žižek, 37 Celjska septem 30. Celje, Barbara zgodovinarjev, slovenskih of In Image Historiography]. [The zgodovinopisju” Mai 1998 Thema altes Cilli, von Grafen Die Symposiums - vonZabern,Philipp 2006. 8 in Luxemburg, Kongresses kunsthistorischen und historischen internationalen des Tagungsband In Königin.” ungarische inai klee ei [etn i Mdea Brs f otnna Croatia. Continental of Burgs Medieval in [Heating peći” stoves]. Fireplaces, tile and chimneys kaljeve i dimnjaci

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CEU eTD Collection Nada. Klaić, grofova “Odnosi Ivan. Kampuš, ed.Benda Kálmán, oblasti banskej stredoslovenskej v král’ovien uhorských majetky “Venné Martina. Kalábová, Peter. Johanek, thesis. MA Ages]. Middle the in [Krapina vijeku” srednjem u “Krapina Ivančica. Janžek, b u prostori “Stambeni Zorislav. Horvat, 13. tijekom burgova “Pozicije Zorislav. Horvat, “Branič Zorislav. Horvat, 13. burgovima u “Kapele Zorislav. Horvat, 12. burgove u “Ulazi Zorislav. Horvat, 13 burgovima na “Prozori Zorislav. Horvat, na braništa i “Zidine Zorislav. Horvat, Counts of Cilli and Gradec]. ofCilli Counts Vol. 1.Budapest: Akadémiai, 1981. ungaris Mittelslowakei zum Jahre bis 1478]. der Witwenguts des Institution [Die 1478” roku do und historischen internationalen des Tagungsband François Reinert, 143 Europa. Luxembur in in Kongresses kunsthistorischen Kaiser Ein Zagreb: fakultetFilozofski SveučilištauZagrebu,2011. Prostor 13 in Castles Croatian Continental in Spaces [Residential Hrvatskoj” th 13 Prostor Croatian Continental of Towers [Defense on 13 Prostor 53. [Window Prostor 12 Croatia, Continental in Fortifications on Battlements and [Walls Koprivnica: M Centar kulturu: za

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