DOCSLIB.ORG

Post-Soviet Political Transformation in Ukraine (1991-2004)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Post-Soviet Political Transformation in Ukraine (1991-2004) POST-SOVIET POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE (1991-2004) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EL İF Şİ MŞEK IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EURASIAN STUDIES NOVEMBER 2005 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences. _____________________________ Prof. Dr. Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. ____________________________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ceylan Tokluo ğlu Head of Department This is to certify that we have read thesis and that in our opinion it s fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. _______________________________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Oktay Tanrısever Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Ba ğcı (METU, IR) _______________ Assist. Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever (METU, IR) _______________ Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kamer Kasım (AIBU, IR) _______________ I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name Surname: Signature: iii ABSTRACT POST SOVIET POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE (1991-2004) Şim şek, Elif M.S., Department of Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever November 2005, 125 pages This thesis seeks to examine the post-Soviet political transformation in Ukraine between 1991 and 2004. Since Ukraine declared independence in 1991, the problems of political transformation to democracy in Ukraine have affected the outbreak of the Orange Revolution. The thesis attempts to examine the problems of post-Soviet political transformation in Ukraine under Leonid Kravchuk and Leonid Kuchma in order to analyse the dynamics of the Orange Revolution in 2004. The dynamics of the Orange Revolution are in part a result of the mass movements against the ongoing problems of the post-Soviet political transformation to democracy in Ukraine. This thesis also argues that the Orange Revolution does not indicate the conclusion of the political transformation in Ukraine, since the problems of the political transformation in Ukraine still remain as it has been seen in the short-term evolution of the political progress of Viktor Yushchenko, who elected to the presidency in the 2004 presidential elections. Keywords: Ukraine, Political Transformation, Orange Revolution, Leonid Kravchuk, Leonid Kuchma, Viktor Yushchenko iv ÖZ UKRAYNA’DA SOVYET SONRASI S İYASAL DÖNÜ ŞÜM (1991-2004) Şim şek, Elif Yüksek Lisans, Avrasya Çalı şmaları Yüksek Lisans Programı Tez Yöneticisi: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever Kasım 2005, 125 sayfa Bu tez 1991 ve 2004 yılları arasında, Ukrayna’daki Sovyet sonrası siyasal dönü şümü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. 1991’de Ukrayna’nın ba ğımsızlı ğını ilan etmesinden itibaren, Ukrayna’da demokratikle şmeye yönelik siyasi dönü şümde ya şanan problemler Turuncu Devrim’e yol açan etkenlerdendir. 2004’teki Turuncu Devrim’in dinamiklerini analiz edebilmek için, tez, Leonid Kravchuk ve Leonid Kuchma dönemlerinde Sovyet sonrası siyasi dönü şüm sürecinde ya şanan problemleri açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Ukrayna’da Sovyet sonrası siyasi dönü şümde ya şanan problemlere kar şıt olarak geli şen kitle hareketleri belli oranda Turuncu Devrimin dinamiklerini olu şturmu ştur. Viktor Yuschenko’nun. 2004 Ba şkanlık Seçimlerinde Ukrayna devlet ba şkanı olarak seçilmesinin ardından sonra geçen kısa dönemde Ukrayna’da Sovyet sonrası siyasi dönü şümün problemlerinin izlerinin hala silinememesi nedeniyle, bu tez aynı zamanda da Ukrayna’da ya şanan Turuncu Devrim’in Ukrayna’nın siyasi dönü şümünün sona erip ermedi ğini tartı şmayı amaçlar. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ukrayna, Siyasal Dönü şüm, Turuncu Devrim, Leonid Kravçuk, Leonid Kuçma, Viktor Yu şçenko. v To the dearest, who taught me all I know, H. Necati Ergül, always living in our hearts… vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my Supervisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Oktay F. Tanrısever, who has always encouraged me to work harder since the beginning of my M.S. in the Eurasian Studies Programme. I express sincere appreciation to him for accepting to be my supervisor and his encouragement at every step of the process of writing this thesis. The completion of this study would not have been possible without his profound guidance. I also thank the chairperson of the examining committee Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Ba ğcı and member Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kamer Kasım. Their comments were invaluable for me to greatly improve my thesis. To my grandfather, Hasan Necati Ergül, I express genuine gratitude for raising me, encouraging me to learn and read more, I am also grateful to my grandmother, Cemile Ergül, who also raised me. I believe you see me there. I am greatly indebted to my parents, Hülya Şim şek and Necdet Şim şek, for their patience during my B.A. and M.S. for their kindness and for being such amazing parents. I also thank Kemal Dervi ş who is the perfect role-model for me and no words of gratitude would be sufficient enough to thank Zeynep Damla Gürel for her encouragement and her support for my academic studies. I also thank M. Murat Erdo ğan and Mahmut Şenel for their great efforts and faith in my abilities. And last but not least, I especially thank Murat Sanio ğlu and Barı ş Çınar for motivating me during my research and writing thesis, and for their great effort in helping me not to feel depressed during this process. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PLAGIARISM….…………………………………….…………..……….………….iii ABSTRACT...………........………………………………….......……….……….…..vii ÖZ.…………………................................. ...........…….......……………..…….……..vii DEDICATION.......................................................................……………….……….Ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................x TABLE OF CONTENTS.……...……………...………………………..….................xi LIST OF TABLES.……...….....……...........................................................................xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION…………...………..…………………...………………………1 1.1 Why Ukraine?..... ....................................................................................1 1.2 Literature Review ....…………………...……….....……….……..........3 1.3 The Argument ...................................................……….…………..…...7 1.4 Structure of the Thesis ...............................................……..……….......11 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND…………...…………...…………………………13 2.1 Introduction... ……………………………….........………...…..…......13 2.2 Origin of the Ukrainian Identity......................... ....................................14 2.3 Polarisation of the Western and the Eastern Ukrainian Identity......….19 2.4 The Hetmanete Years and the Bolshevik Revolution .…...….................23 2.5 Leninist and Stalinist Policies towards Ukraine .……………...…...…..25 2.6 De-Stalinisation under Khrushchev and Brezhnev.…….……......……31 2.7 Perestroika and the Dissolution of the USS R.………….........…...…....34 2.8 Conclusion……………………………………...…...…......…..………35 3. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION DURIN G THE KRAVCHUK ERA…….... 37 3.1. Introduction…………………...……………………...…..…......…..…37 3.2. Beyond Independence………………………………..……...….……..38 3.3. Political Performance of Kravchuk……………..………......………..41 3.4. The 1994 Presidential Elections ….…………………………..…...….45 3.5. Problems of Political Transformation during the Kravchuk Era…......48 3.6. Conclusion ....……….…..……………………………………............56 4. POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION DURING THE KUCHMA ERA…………. 58 4.1. Introduction……………….……………………………………….. .…58 4.2. Political Transformation in Kuchma’s First Term…….……..……..…59 4.3. The 1999 Presidential Elections……………............……………..…..64 4.4. Political Transformation in Kuchma’s Second Term............................69 4.5. Problems of Political Transformation during the Kuchma Era …….....75 4.6. Conclusion.....………..…….………………………...….……………..83 viii 5. THE ORANGE REVOLUTION AND POST-REVOLUTIONARY UKRAINE 84 5.1. Introduction……………………….........……………...….………….84 5.2. The 2004 Presidential Elections ……………..…………...……...…..…85 5.3. The Orange Revolution………………..…………..............................90 5.4. Political Developments in Post-Revolutionary Ukraine ..........….…...97 5.5. Conclusion........…………….…………………………...…..………..101 6. C ONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................................103 BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................111 ix LIST OF TABLES TABLES 3.1 Breakdown of Voting in the 1994 Presidential Elections…..............................47 3.2 Sources of Ethnic Identification in Ukraine in the Kravchuk Era…………….53 4.1 Results of the 1999 Presidential Elections........ ........................….................…68 4.2 Runoff Results of the 1999 Presidential Elections……………………………...68 5.1 Distribution of the Votes in the Second Round of the 2004 Elections…...… 91 5.2 Official Results of the 2004 Presidential Elections………….……….…………94 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This thesis seeks to explore the factors affecting Ukraine’s political transformation under Leonid Kravchuk, and Leonid Kuchma in order to examine the dynamics of the Orange Revolution. Problems of post-Soviet transformation to democracy in Ukraine resulted in the mass mobilisation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ukraine and the Yugoslav Conflict
    Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, No. 3, 1997 UKRAINE AND THE YUGOSLAV CONFLICT Taras Kuzio Even before gaining independence in December 1991 from the former USSR, Ukraine had supported Slovenia and Croatia's drive to independence from the former Yugoslavia. In May 1991, Croatian President Franjo Tudjman paid an official visit to Ukraine where then parliamentary speaker Leonid Kravchuk expressed sympathy with Croatia's desire for independence. Tudjman pointed out how Ukraine's seat at the United Nations had given it a head start in obtaining international recognition of its independent status. On 12 December 1991, twelve days after the Ukrainian referendum on independence, Kyiv became one of the first states to diplomatically recognise Croatia and Slovenia; and further, it announced its readiness to open embassies in both countries.1 Ukraine was the first member of the U.N. to recognise Croatia; the second and third countries, Slovenia and Lithuania, were not members of the U.N. when they recognised Croatia. Ukraine's motives were quite clear early on vis-a-vis Yugoslavia. First, it wanted to reaffirm its independent status as a new international state. Secondly, Kyiv desired to distance itself from Russian sympathy with Serbia and Yugoslavia2 in order to show the outside world—particularly at that stage, the sceptical West—that Ukraine and Russia were indeed different peoples and nations.3 Fourthly, Ukraine desired to show the outside world that it was a respectable and co-operative member of the international community. Finally, a majority of the Ukrainian leadership sympathised with the Croats and Slovenes in their drive to independence, comparing it to Ukraine's quest to divorce itself from Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine Media Assessment and Program Recommendations
    UKRAINE MEDIA ASSESSMENT AND PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS VOLUME I FINAL REPORT June 2001 USAID Contract: AEP –I-00-00-00-00018-00 Management Systems International (MSI) Programme in Comparative Media Law & Policy, Oxford University Consultants: Dennis M. Chandler Daniel De Luce Elizabeth Tucker MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL 600 Water Street, S.W. 202/484-7170 Washington, D.C. 20024 Fax: 202/488-0754 USA TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I Acronyms and Glossary.................................................................................................................iii I. Executive Summary............................................................................................................... 1 II. Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................. 6 III. Findings.................................................................................................................................. 7 A. Overall Media Environment............................................................................................7 B. Print Media....................................................................................................................11 C. Broadcast Media............................................................................................................17 D. Internet...........................................................................................................................25 E. Business Practices .........................................................................................................26
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project
    NEDO —IC-00ER01 Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project IVIarch, 2001 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) usted by: Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. 020005064 -9 Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project Entrusted by : Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Prepared on : March, 2001 Study purpose This project has been framed to apply Scrap & Build project of 300MW Electric power plan, to the Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant owned by the JST Dneproenergo in the UKRAINE,. This project is aimed at improving the efficiency of aged facilities of the plant; enhancing its environment-friendliness; and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. NEDO-IC —00ER01 Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project March, 2001 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Entrusted by: Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Preface This Report is a result of the survey of the Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project, which Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. received consignment of New Energy Development and Industrial Technology Organization (NEDO) to conduct this study. In December 1997, the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3) was held in Kyoto. At the conference, the "Kyoto Protocol" was adopted in order to prevent global warming caused by greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide. It commits developed countries to reduce their average emissions of greenhouse gases by at least 5% "in the period 2008 - 15" from the 1990 level. Japan set its target of reduction at 6%. The Kyoto Protocol also provides measures to give flexibility in attaining the goals: "Joint Implementation (JI)" and "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)." In JI, greenhouse gas reductions are shared among developed countries through implementation of specific international projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Project
    Report on the Project: Dimensions, Opportunities and Benefits of Ukraine - NATO Relations. Impact of NATO Enlargement on Ukraine’s Foreign Policy Process NATO - EAPC Research Fellowship Programme, 1999 – 2001 By Dr. Sergiy Tolstov, Supervisory Research Fellow, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and Director of the Institute for Political Analysis and International Studies 28 June 2001, Kyiv (Ukraine) 2 Conents: 1. Introduction 2. Dimensions of European and Euro-Atlantic Security Cooperation (concepts and scenarios) 2.1. The New World Order 2.2. Strategic Approaches and Perceptions 2.3. Towards the New European Security Architecture 3. The Internal Factors and Features of Ukraine’s Development in the Context of European Transformation Processes 3.1. General Trends 3.2. Constitutional Referendum 2000 and Political Opposition 3.3. The Tapegate Affair 3.4. Situation in the System of Power 4. Monitoring of Domestic Debates on Foreign Policy Matters. 4.1. The Foreign Policy Concept 4.2. Peculiarities of the National Foreign Policy Process 4.3. Parliamentary Debates and the 1999 Presidential Elections 4.4. Security Issues in the Domestic Political Discussion 5. Impact of Ukraine - NATO Cooperation on Ukraine’s Foreign Policy. 5.1. Developing Ukraine – NATO Partnership 5.2. Ukraine’s Security Prospects in the Context of NATO Enlargement 5.3. State Programme for Cooperation of Ukraine with NATO, 1998 - 2001 5.4. State Programme for Cooperation of Ukraine with NATO, 2001-2004 6. Tendencies of International Relations in Central Eastern Europe 6.1. Results of Transformations in the Central Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space 6.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors Ryan Barrett [email protected]
    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 1-20-2018 Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors Ryan Barrett [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Barrett, Ryan, "Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors" (2018). Dissertations. 725. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/725 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ukraine at the Crossroad in Post-Communist Europe: Policymaking and the Role of Foreign Actors Ryan Barrett M.A. Political Science, The University of Missouri - Saint Louis, 2015 M.A. International Relations, Webster University, 2010 B.A. International Studies, 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School at the The University of Missouri - Saint Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor Philosophy in Political Science May 2018 Advisory Committee: Joyce Mushaben, Ph.D. Jeanne Wilson, PhD. Kenny Thomas, Ph.D. David Kimball, Ph.D. Contents Introduction 1 Chapter I. Policy Formulation 30 Chapter II. Reform Initiatives 84 Chapter III. Economic Policy 122 Chapter IV. Energy Policy 169 Chapter V. Security and Defense Policy 199 Conclusion 237 Appendix 246 Bibliography 248 To the Pat Tillman Foundation for graciously sponsoring this important research Introduction: Ukraine at a Crossroads Ukraine, like many European countries, has experienced a complex history and occupies a unique geographic position that places it in a peculiar situation be- tween its liberal future and communist past; it also finds itself tugged in two opposing directions by the gravitational forces of Russia and the West.
    [Show full text]
  • General Information About Ukraine
    General Information about Ukraine Introduction The purpose of this document is to give a general overview of Ukrainian economy and the city of Slavutych to potential investors. The information provided covers a broad range of subjects to help potential investors understand Ukraine’s developing economy and was gathered from a variety of sources, including the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund. Ukraine is rich in culture, history and natural resources. The government of Ukraine is transforming its economic structure to a western market economy and continues solving problems related to this change. More detailed information about Slavutych, the hometown of Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant workers, is provided. As the date of the Chornobyl NPP closure approaches, the Ukrainian government is taking steps toward economic diversification, including educating and attracting foreign and domestic investors. This guide aims to provide valuable information about investment opportunities, geography, people, government, and the economy of Ukraine and Slavutych. Geography Ukraine sits at a favorable strategic position between Europe and Asia and is the second-largest country in Europe. The contemporary city of Kyiv is Ukraine’s capital and one of the biggest cities in Europe. With a population of almost 3 million, it stands preeminent as the administrative, economic, research, cultural and educational center. The President, Supreme Council (Verhovna Rada), all ministries and government departments are all located in Kyiv. Location Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia Time zone GMT +2:00 Area Total 603,700 sq. km (slightly smaller than Texas ) Land 603,700 sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Reforms in Ukraine After Revolution of Dignity
    REFORMS IN UKRAINE AFTER REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY What was done, why not more and what to do next This publicaon was produced with financial Responsibility for the informaon and views set out assistance from the EBRD-Ukraine Stabilisaon and in this publicaon lies enrely with the authors. The Sustainable Growth Mul-Donor Account, the EBRD makes no representaon or warranty, express donors of which are Denmark, Finland, France, or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, informaon set forth in the publicaon. The EBRD Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, has not independently verified any of the informaon the United States of America and the European contained in the publicaon and the EBRD accepts Union, the largest donor. The views expressed herein no liability whatsoever for any of the informaon can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion contained in the publicaon or for any misstatement of the EBRD or any donor of the account. or omission therein. The publicaon remains the property of the EBRD. REFORMS IN UKRAINE AFTER REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY What was done, why not more and what to do next Editors Ivan Miklos Pavlo Kukhta Contents Foreword 4 Introducon What was done, why not more and what to do next: Ukrainian reforms aer the Revoluon of Dignity 7 Chapter 1 Polical economy of reforms: polical system, governance and corrupon 10 Chapter 2 Macroeconomic policies 35 Chapter 3 Rule of law 48 Chapter 4 Energy policy 75 Chapter 5 Business environment 87 Chapter 6 Land reform 101 Chapter 7 Privasaon and SOE reform 112 Chapter 8 Healthcare reform 132 Chapter 9 Ukraine and the European Union 144 Annex 1 Report on reforms in 2016-17 162 Annex 2 The role of the government and MPs in reform implementaon in Ukraine 167 About SAGSUR (Strategic Advisory Group for Support of Ukrainian Reforms) 173 Glossary of terms 174 Foreword Foreword | 4 Foreword Maeo Patrone and Peter M.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Ukraine Advisory Board
    THE HISTORY OF UKRAINE ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF UKRAINE Paul Kubicek The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kubicek, Paul. The history of Ukraine / Paul Kubicek. p. cm. — (The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096 –2095) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978 – 0 –313 – 34920 –1 (alk. paper) 1. Ukraine —History. I. Title. DK508.51.K825 2008 947.7— dc22 2008026717 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2008 by Paul Kubicek All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2008026717 ISBN: 978– 0– 313 – 34920 –1 ISSN: 1096 –2905 First published in 2008 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48 –1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Every reasonable effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright materials in this book, but in some instances this has proven impossible.
    [Show full text]
  • Interstitio East European Review of Historical and Cultural Anthropology INTERSTITIO East European Review of Historical and Cultural Anthropology
    December 2012 Volume IV Number 1-2 (7-8) Interstitio East European Review of Historical and Cultural Anthropology INTERSTITIO East European Review of Historical and Cultural Anthropology December 2012 Volume IV Number 1-2 (7-8) Contents/ Spis Treści/ Sumar: FROM THE EDITORS Virgiliu Bîrlădeanu (Chişinău, Republic of Moldova) Tomasz Pawelec (Katowice, Poland) ...................................................................................5 Studies/ Studia/ Studii RECUPERAREA MEMORIEI COLECTIVE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA: PROBLEME ŞI PERSPECTIVE Ludmila D. Cojocaru (Chişinău, Republic of Moldova) ..............................................................7 MITOLOGIILE LUI DECEMBRIE 1989. “LOCURI ALE MEMORIEI”: STATUI, CIMITIRE, MĂRTURII Mihaela Grancea (Sibiu, Romania) ....................................................................................19 THE OVERLAPPING REALMS OF MEMORY AND POLITICS IN UKRAINE, 2004-2012 Alexandr Osipian (Kramatorsk, Ukraine) ...........................................................................41 NATIONALIZING THE SOVIET MYTH: MEMORY OF WORLD WAR II IN BELARUS Aliaksei Lastouski (Minsk, Belarus) .....................................................................................63 “NORMALIZATION” VS/ OR “NORMATIVITY”: MEMORY POLITICS AND IDENTITY ISSUES IN GERMAN AND RUSSIAN DISCOURSES Andrey Makarychev (Berlin, Germany) ..................................................................................77 THE GUILT OF PRIESTHOOD. THE CASE OF A PROTESTANT PRIEST FROM TRANSYLVANIA, REFLECTED IN HIS SECURITATE
    [Show full text]
  • Parliamentary Elections in Ukraine, 1998
    COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE 234 FORD HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING WASHINGTON, DC 20515 (202) 225-1901 EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] INTERNET WEB SITE: http://www.house.gov/csce UKRAINE’S PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION March 29, l998 A Report Prepared by the Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe April 1998 Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe 234 Ford House Office Building Washington, DC 20515-6460 (202) 225-1901 [email protected] http://www.house.gov/csce/ ALFONSE D’AMATO, New York, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, Co-Chairman JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia SPENCER ABRAHAM, Michigan MATT SALMON, Arizona CONRAD BURNS, Montana JON CHRISTENSEN, Nebraska OLYMPIA SNOWE, Maine STENY H. HOYER, Maryland FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts HARRY REID, Nevada BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland BOB GRAHAM, Florida LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New York RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin Executive Branch HON. JOHN H. F. SHATTUCK, Department of State VACANT, Department of Defense VACANT, Department of Commerce ________________________ Professional Staff MICHAEL R. HATHAWAY, Chief of Staff DOROTHY DOUGLAS TAFT, Deputy Chief of Staff E. WAYNE MERRY, Senior Advisor MARIA COLL, Office Administrator OREST DEYCHAKIWSKY, Staff Advisor JOHN FINERTY, Staff Advisor CHADWICK R. GORE, Communications Director ROBERT HAND, Staff Advisor JANICE HELWIG, Staff Advisor (Vienna) MARLENE KAUFMANN, Counsel for International Trade SANDY LIST, GPO Liaison KAREN S. LORD, Counsel for Freedom of Religion RONALD MCNAMARA, Staff Advisor MICHAEL OCHS, Staff Advisor ERIKA B. SCHLAGER, Counsel for International Law ii ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION (OSCE) The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki pro- cess, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    MUDDLING ALONG: THE FIRST DECADE OF INDEPENDENT UKRAINE Taras Kuzio he aim of this article is twofold. First, to or where it is heading. Indeed, President Leonid outline a general framework for the study of Kuchma hoped that a Ukrainian scholarly conference post-Soviet Ukraine that draws on my study of in Summer 2001 would provide him with these Tdevelopments in different areas over the last decade. answers, seven years after first being elected. Ukraine became an independent state in January The national aspects of Ukraine’s path 1992 with historical baggage from empire and dependency have played the decisive role in totalitarianism. Of the 27 post-communist countries determining two further outcomes? Ukraine’s those with the lightest burdens of legacy from inherited legacy within the national domain produced empire and totalitarianism have produced a more a country lying midway between denationalized successful transition.1 Belarus and the highly nationally conscious three This baggage has shaped a path dependency in a Baltic states. This has influenced such questions as country divided into roughly three equal camps: active support for current borders, the weakness of national democrats (often mistakenly referred to as separatism, a close correlation between national “nationalists”) who form the basis of civil society, a identity and civil society and an amorphous passive center that draws upon those with an “pragmatic center,” which acts as a buffer between amorphous identity and former national communists national democrats and communists. Ukraine’s path turned oligarchs, and Ukraine’s largest political party, dependency has helped to facilitate a delegative as well as an unreformed Communist Party of Ukraine democracy where Russophones and Sovietophiles, (KPU).
    [Show full text]
  • Abuse of Power – Corruption in the Office of the President Is His Most Recent Book
    Contents 1. Preface 2. 1 “Evil has to be stopped” 3. 2 Marchuk, the arch-conspirator 4. 3 Kuchma fixes his re-election 5. 4 East & West celebrate Kuchma’s victory 6. 5 Kuchma and Putin share secrets 7. 6 Corruption 8. 7 Haunted by Lazarenko 9. 8 Bakai “the conman” 10. 9 “Yuliya must be destroyed” 11. 10 Prime minister’s wife “from the CIA”? 12. 11 Kidnapping Podolsky & killing Gongadze 13. 12 Covering up murder 14. 13 Marchuk’s “secret coordinating center” 15. 14 Kolchuga fails to oust Kuchma 16. 15 The Melnychenko-Kuchma pact 17. 16 “We can put anyone against the wall” 18. 17 Fixed election sparks Orange Revolution 19. 18 Yanukovych’s revenge 20. Bibliography 21. Acknowledgements 22. A note on the author 23. Books by JV Koshiw Artemia Press Ltd Published by Artemia Press Ltd, 2013 www.artemiabooks.com ISBN 978-0-9543764-3-7 Copyright © JV Koshiw, 2013 All rights reserved. Database right Artemia Press Ltd (maker) The photograph on the front cover It shows President Leonid Kuchma and Viktor Yushchenko clasping hands, while his rival Viktor Yanukovych looks on. Yushchenko’s pot marked face bears witness to the Dioxin poisoning inflicted on him a few weeks earlier during the 2004 presidential election campaign. Photo taken by Valeri Soloviov on Nov. 26, 2004, during the negotiations to end the Orange Revolution (Photo UNIAN). System of transliterations The study uses the Library of Congress system of transliteration for Ukrainian, with exceptions in order to make Ukrainian words easier to read in English. The letter є will be transcribed as ye and not ie.
    [Show full text]