Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches Bught Road, Inverness Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment
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Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches Bught Road, Inverness Archaeological Desk-based Assessment AOC 70013 3rd March 2015 © AOC Archaeology Group 2015 Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report On Behalf of: Capita Kingmoor Business Park Carlisle Cumbria CA6 4SJ National Grid Reference (NGR): NH 6555 4346 AOC Project No: 70013 Client Ref: HRS7141 Prepared by: Lynn Fraser and Mary Peteranna Date of Report: 3rd March 2015 This document has been prepared in accordance with AOC standard operating procedures. Authors: Lynn Fraser and Mary Peteranna Date: 03/03/2015 Approved by: Mary Peteranna Date: 03/03/2015 Final Report Stage: Date: 04/03/2015 Enquiries to: AOC Archaeology Group Shore Street Cromarty IV11 8XL Tel. 01381 600726 Mob. 07972 259255 E-mail [email protected] www.aocarchaeology.com AOC 70013 Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report Contents Page Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ - 2 - Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. - 3 - Project Background ..................................................................................................................................... - 3 - Character of the Study Area ....................................................................................................................... - 3 - Desk-based Assessment ............................................................................................................................ - 3 - Results .......................................................................................................................................................... - 3 - Cartographic Sources ................................................................................................................................. - 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................................ - 7 - References ................................................................................................................................................... - 7 - List of Figures Figure 1: Location of the study area Figure 2: Excerpt from the First Edition 25-inch-to-the-mile OS map, Sheet XII.5 Figure 3: Excerpt from the Second Edition 25-inch-to-the-mile OS map, Sheet 012.05 - 1 - AOC 70013 Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report Abstract This report details the results of an archaeological desk-based assessment on the site of the Highland Rugby Clubhouse and pitches located on the southwest side of Bught Road in Inverness. The work was conducted as part of an application to upgrade the facilities. Although at present the site comprises landscaped sports fields, it has substantial archaeological potential based on the historical documentation identified during the study. - 2 - AOC 70013 Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report Introduction 1. An archaeological desk-based assessment was carried out in March 2015 on behalf of Capita and the Highland Council as part of an application to upgrade facilities at the Highland Rugby Club playing fields. The aim of the study was to assess the potential for any archaeology likely to be directly affected by the proposed development. A walkover survey was not conducted as part of this study as it had already been completed during ground investigations associated with the Inverness West Link Road development. Project Background 2. The study area is centred at NH 6555 4346, on the southwest side of Inverness near the Highland Archive Centre. It is located adjacent to the southwest side of Bught Road between the Caledonian Canal and the River Ness (Figure 1). The purpose of this study was to identify any archaeological sites of interest within the study area and to assess the archaeological potential of the site as part of an application to upgrade the facilities of the Highland Rugby Club. 3. A walkover survey of the fields was not conducted during the present study. The project manager had previously conducted a survey of the grounds in November 2012 as part of fieldwork conducted ahead of the Inverness West Link Road ground investigations. There are no visible archaeological sites within the study area. However, the former Bught Mill lade borders the southeast side of the site (Peteranna 2013). Character of the Study Area 4. At present the site consists of flat, grass-covered sports pitches located at the base of the Caledonian Canal bank to the northwest. The Highland Rugby Clubhouse is located along the northeast side of the site along with gravel parking areas adjacent to Bught Road. The southeast side of the site borders a stream course (a former mill lade) with Whin Park playground next to it between the site and the River Ness. Desk-based Assessment 5. A desk-based assessment was conducted in order to assess the archaeological potential of the area based on previously recorded sites and any historical documentation. A full check of all available historical and archaeological records, aerial photographs and historical maps was conducted using the Highland Historic Environment Record (HHER), the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS), Ordnance Survey Name Books, Historic Scotland’s databases, the National Library of Scotland, the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland databases, statistical accounts and other available records, literary sources or online resources about the site. This work was conducted in accordance with the Highland Council Standards for Archaeological Work (2012) and the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists standards (CIfA 2014). Results 6. Inverness has a rich archaeological and historical background. The rugby playing fields, situated to the southwest of the limits of the historical town, could be expected to have a limited archaeological and historical background. Despite the present, curated condition of the grounds, this is not the case. The study area sits amidst significant prehistoric and historic landscape. - 3 - AOC 70013 Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report Figure 1: Location of the study area (supplied by Capita) 7. To the north of the development site is Tomnahurich, now a cemetery site. According to the New Statistical Account, this prominent hill was used as a gathering hill on occasions of public importance (New Statistical Account, 1834-45). A prehistoric burial cist (HHER No. MHG3804) and a prehistoric carved ball (HHER No. MHG3803) were found at Tomnahurich in the 19th century. To the west of the site, on Torvean hill overlooking the Caledonian Canal, is a possible fort of Iron date (HHER No. MHG3749), which has associated with it a possible burial cairn at the base of the hill (HHER No. MHG40992). In the vicinity of this location, a large Pictish silver chain was found during construction of the canal in 1808. Other prehistoric finds in this area include a Neolithic axe (HHER No. MHG3802) and a polished flint axe (HHER No. MHG29581). 8. In close proximity to the study area, another significant known site of prehistoric activity was found in 1954 when workmen were removing trees in Bught Park. A cist containing a male inhumation and a bronze dagger (HHER No. MHG3757) was discovered. While the exact location is unknown, the burial was located somewhere within the immediate landscape. Interestingly, the New Statistical Account of - 4 - AOC 70013 Highland Rugby Clubhouse and Pitches: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Report Scotland refers to this area, the Estate of Bught, as ‘Kil a Bhean or Bean’s burying-ground (1834-45: 13-14).’ 9. Two cropmark locations were identified on aerial imagery approximately 50m to the northeast of the study area. In 1997 oblique aerial photography revealed a possible site southeast of Bught Nursery comprising the cropmarks of four concentric outer ditches measuring 30m in diameter (NMRS No. NH64SE59). To the south of it, a cropmark of a possible enclosure (NMRS No. NH64SE 237) was also revealed by aerial photography in 1995. During an evaluation in 2005 ahead of construction of the Highland Archive Centre in this location, the possible enclosure was not located and there were no archaeological features identified (Buchanan 2005). 10. The National Collection of Aerial Photography (RCAHMS 2015) images was searched to assess further potential for archaeological remains in the survey area. There were no features of interest identified on images taken showing the site in 1942, 1947 and 2011. 11. The study area is bordered on the southeast by the disused mill lade. The mill was located near the southeastern corner of the site, as shown on the 1st and 2nd edition Ordnance Survey (OS) maps (Figures 2, 3). The Bishop of Moray was granted land on the west side of the River Ness at Bught in 1232 together with the right to use a mill other than the king’s mills; it is likely that the mill was built at Bught around this time. It continued in use as a mill until it was badly damaged by fire in 1908. At some point after this, the owners of nearby Bught House used the old mill wheels to generate hydro- electricity for the house. The remains of the mill buildings were demolished