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Re-Using Open Data

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Re-Using Open Data This study has been prepared by Capgemini Invent as part of the European Data Portal. The European Data Portal is an initiative of the European Commission, implemented with the support of a consortiumi led by Capgemini Invent, including Intrasoft International, Fraunhofer Fokus, con.terra, Sogeti, 52North, Time.Lex, the Lisbon Council, and the University of Southampton. The Publications Office of the European Union is responsible for contract management of the European Data Portal. For more information about this paper, please contact: European Commission Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology Unit G.1 Data Policy and Innovation Daniele Rizzi – Policy Officer Email: [email protected] European Data Portal Gianfranco Cecconi, European Data Portal Lead Email: [email protected] Written by: Jorn Berends Wendy Carrara Wander Engbers Heleen Vollers Last update: 15.07.2020 www: https://europeandataportal.eu/ @: [email protected] DISCLAIMER By the European Commission, Directorate-General of Communications Networks, Content and Technology. The information and views set out in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use, which may be made of the information contained therein. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2020 © European Union, 2020 OA-03-20-042-EN-N ISBN: 978-92-78-41872-4 doi: 10.2830/876679 The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. i At the time this report was first issued the consortium consisted of: Capgemini Invent, Intrasoft International, Fraunhofer Fokus, con.terra, Sogeti, the Open Data Institute, Time.Lex, and the University of Southampton. Abstract Well-established businesses use Open Data to enhance their existing services, to optimise their processes or to provide insights derived from data analysis to help solve clients’ business challenges. 23% of the organisations expect their turnover related to Open Data to grow between 11% and 60% in the coming years, while 37% of the respondents forecast their turnover to increase by at least 61% annually. The objective of this report is to understand how organisations, primarily within the private sector, use Open Data and what business models have been developed around its re-use. One of the key findings is the mismatch between available data sets and the data sets that are most re-used. In order to access Open Data, national Open Data portals are used most, followed by directly accessing the public administrations themselves. External as well as internal barriers do remain and hinder re-users to standardise or automate the collection and processing of Open Data. The report concludes on a series of recommendations for both the public and private sector. The public sector needs to better align their data provision strategy with the specific needs of users. The private sector is invited to share further success stories around the re- use of Open Data and demonstrate how it benefits growth and innovation. Résumé Les entreprises établies depuis quelques temps vont principalement faire usage des données ouvertes dans le but d’améliorer leurs services existants, leur process ou encore travailler à la résolution des défis posés par leurs clients. Dans les 5 années à venir, 23% des organisations interrogées s’attendent à une augmentation de 11 à 60% de la part de leur chiffre d’affaire lié à l’utilisation de données ouvertes. Cette croissance est estimée à plus de 61% par plus d’un tiers des entreprises interrogées. Cette étude vise à comprendre comment les différentes organisations utilisent les données ouvertes et quel modèle économique elles ont développé dans ce sens, et ce plus particulièrement dans le secteur privé. L’étude a permis de révéler l’inadéquation entre l’offre de données et les jeux de données les plus utilisés. L’accès aux données ouvertes se pratique désormais davantage par le biais de portails nationaux, ou bien encore auprès des administrations publiques. Toutes fois, des freins internes et externes limitent encore l’utilisation des données, notamment dans le domaine de la standardisation et de la collecte automatique de données. Le rapport conclut sur une liste de recommandations s’adressant à la fois aux utilisateurs de données mais aussi aux administrations publiques qui les fournissent. Le secteur public est appelé à mieux aligner l’offre de données avec la demande exprimée par le secteur privé et associatif. Le secteur privé, quant à lui est invité à partager davantage de belles histoires sur l’utilisation des données et les bénéfices liés à la croissance et à l’innovation. 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3 List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 14 2. Why Open Data Matters ............................................................................................................... 17 2.1 The Open Data Value Chain ................................................................................................... 17 2.2 The Economic Impact of Open Data ...................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 Value created through Open Data in the EU28+ ........................................................... 18 2.2.2 Societal benefits of Open Data ...................................................................................... 21 2.3 Understanding the benefits of Open Data at company level ................................................ 22 3. What data do businesses re-use? ................................................................................................. 25 3.1 Which data categories are the most re-used? ...................................................................... 25 3.2 Where does the Data come from? ........................................................................................ 33 3.3 The access to Open Data ....................................................................................................... 35 3.4 The benefits of working with Open Data .............................................................................. 37 4. What business is there with Open Data? ...................................................................................... 41 4.1 What business does Open Data bring? ................................................................................. 41 4.1.1 Selling services as the most important source of revenue ........................................... 41 4.1.2 Who are the clients? ..................................................................................................... 45 4.1.3 Large discrepancies remain when investigating share of Open Data in turnover ........ 46 4.2 The role of Open Data in business models ............................................................................ 49 4.2.1 The emergence of data brokers .................................................................................... 49 4.2.2 Organisations are combining business models ............................................................. 51 4.2.3 Adding value with the use of Open Data ....................................................................... 53 4.2.4 Web shops and websites are the most important distribution mechanisms ............... 58 4.3 The Open Data capacity of organisations .............................................................................. 59 5. What skills are needed to work with Open Data? ......................................................................... 61 5.1 Profiles companies are seeking to hire ................................................................................. 61 5.2 How to acquire these skills? .................................................................................................. 65 6. The way forward ............................................................................................................................ 66 6.1 The main barriers encountered by businesses...................................................................... 66 6.2 Success factors for working with Open Data ......................................................................... 71 6.3 What do organisations using Open Data want for the future? ............................................. 76 3 7. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................
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