DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Golden Aging Golden Aging Prospects for Healthy, Active, and Prosperous Aging in Europe and Central Asia Maurizio Bussolo, Johannes Koettl, and Emily Sinnott © 2015 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 18 17 16 15 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Bussolo, Maurizio, Johannes Koettl, and Emily Sinnott. 2015. G olden Aging: Prospects for Healthy, Active, and Prosperous Aging in Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0353-6. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an offi cial World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party- owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, fi gures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights @worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-0353-6 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-0354-3 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0353-6 Cover photo: © Lyubomir Bukov. Used with the permission of Lyubomir Bukov. Further permission required for reuse. Cover and interior design: Debra Naylor, Naylor Design Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been requested. Contents About the Authors and Contributors . xv Foreword . xix Acknowledgments . xxi Abbreviations . xxv Regional Classifications Used in This Report . xxix Overview: Golden Aging . 1 Introduction . 1 The Demographics of Europe and Central Asia and Those of the Rest of the World . 5 Mixed Economic Consequences . 13 A Comprehensive Policy Agenda . 21 Notes . 30 References. 30 Part I The Demographic Transition in Europe and Central Asia . 33 Overview . 35 The Demographic Transition and the “Golden Age” . 35 The Effects of Fertility Declines on Aging across the Region . 36 High Rates of Disease and Disability in Europe and Central Asia . 37 Limiting the Rise in Dependency Ratios and Improving Health Outcomes in the Region . 37 Migration Affects Demographics More in the Long Run . 38 Reference . 38 1 The Drivers of Aging in Europe and Central Asia . 39 Introduction . 39 The Aging Populations of Europe and Central Asia . 39 The Effects of Declining Fertility on Aging and Population Growth . 42 The Slower Improvement of Life Expectancy in Europe and Central Asia. 52 The Contribution of Migration to Aging in Some Countries . 56 Toward More Balanced Age Structures over the Next Half-Century . 62 Notes . 71 References . 72 v vi ● Golden Aging 2 Improving Health Outcomes in the Transition to the “Golden Age” . 77 Introduction . 77 Lengthy Disability for People in Europe and Central Asia . 77 Declines in the Health of the Older Population in Some Countries since 1959 . 79 Women’s Unequal Burden of Caring for the Dependent . 81 Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer, the Principal Causes of Premature Death in the Region . 89 Achieving More Healthy Aging in the Region . 92 Notes . 94 References . 95 Part II The Economic Consequences of Population Aging . 99 Overview . 101 Aging and the Economy: Challenges and Opportunities . 101 The Economic Impact of Aging in Europe and Central Asia . 104 Note . 106 References . 106 3 The Macroeconomic Impact of Population Aging . 109 Introduction . 109 The Diverse Effects of Aging on Income and Growth . 110 The Effect of Aging on Savings and Labor Force Participation . 118 The Links between Aging and Public Finances . 136 Annex 3A: Brief Description of the Overlapping Generations Model . 151 Annex 3B: Population Aging and the Labor Force . 153 Annex 3C: Aging and Public Expenditures in Bulgaria in the Base Case Scenario . 158 Notes . 161 References . 162 4 The Effects of Aging on Productivity: Diverse, Not Alarming . 167 Introduction . 167 Transient Effects of Aging on the Productivity of the Workforce . 168 The Stability of the Human Capital Stock and the Labor Force . 170 The Improving Quality of Education . 171 The Skills of Older Workers: Shifting, Not Declining . 178 How Firms Are Adjusting to the New Comparative Advantages. 185 Does Labor Reallocation Become Less Efficient with Aging? . 188 Does Aging Slow Innovation and Technology Adaption? . 193 Does Entrepreneurship Decline with Aging? . 198 The Mixed Impact of Aging on Productivity . 205 Notes . 206 References . 206 Contents ● vii 5 Aging and Poverty and Inequality . 213 Introduction ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spencer P. Boyer April 2009
    CENTER FOR AMERI FOR CENTER ca N PROGRESS/ N S UZI UZI E MMERLING Learning from Each Other The Integration of Immigrant and Minority Groups in the United States and Europe Spencer P. Boyer April 2009 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Learning from Each Other The Integration of Immigrant and Minority Groups in the United States and Europe Spencer P. Boyer April 2009 Cover photo: A mother walks her children home from school in the borough of Berlin called “Kreuzberg,” known for its large percentage of Turkish immi- grants. As of 2006, 31.6% of Kreuzberg’s inhabitants did not have German citizenship­­—one of the highest rates of anywhere in the country. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 5 Historical and current integration perspectives 5 The United States 7 Europe 13 European Union and integration policy 13 European Commission efforts on integration 14 European Commission antidiscrimination legislation 15 Analysis 18 German integration policy—a case study 20 Government integration structure and courses 20 Education 21 Employment 21 Housing 21 Antidiscrimination efforts in Germany 22 Analysis 24 U.S. immigration and integration policy 24 Federal immigration policy: Federal role and structure 26 Recent federal initiatives on integration 28 Analysis 29 Policy recommendations for the United States and the European Union 29 For the United States 31 For the European Union 32 Endnotes 35 About the author Introduction and summary The United States and the European Union share much in common, including a similar religious and cultural heritage, strong democratic institutions, and a commitment to civil society. One thing they do not share, however, is a common set of political atti- tudes and attendant policies on how best to integrate immigrant and minority groups into their larger societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Botrychium Simplex E. Hitchc. (Ophioglossaceae) – a New Species for the Native Flora of Ukraine
    Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 43: 7-12, 2016 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl DOI 10.1515/biorc-2016-0015 Submitted 8.04.2016, Accepted 23.09.2016 Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. (Ophioglossaceae) – a new species for the native flora of Ukraine Ivan Yu. Parnikoza1* & Zbigniew Celka2 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho 150, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine 2Department of Plant Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland * corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The work presents the results of herbarium survey that resulted in findingBotrychium simplex E. Hitchc. – a new for the native Ukrainian flora species of the family Ophioglossaceae. A specimen of this taxon was found in the National Herbarium of Ukraine in the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv (KW) among the specimens of Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. originating from the surroundings of Kharkiv. Thus, this finding indicates the most south-eastern locality of B. simplex in Europe found so far. Key words: least moonwort, common moonwort, rare species, Ukraine, herbarium, Kyiv, KW 1. Introduction have been conducted in Ukraine for over 10 years (see Parnikoza 2002, 2010; Chorney et al. 2004; Parnikoza The genus Botrychium Sw. is represented in the & Tsukanova 2005; Melnik 2009, Bezsmertna & Heluta world flora by 25 species (Mabberley 2008), while 2013; Votkalchuk et al. 2014; Parnikoza & Celka 2016). in Europe by seven (Valentine & Moore 2007). The The aim of this work is to provide information on majority of European species of Botrychium belong Botrychium simplex, a species not previously identified to threatened taxa on the scale of whole Europe (e.g., and listed in the native flora of Ukraine.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline for Final Paper
    Egiziani-Italiani: Balancing Two Identities A Brief Ethnographic Exploration of Clash, Cultural Pluralism and Identity-Negotiation in Milan, Italy. An Honors Capstone Project by Amy `Aminah' Teachout General University Honors, Spring 2008 Advisor: Prof. David Vine Abstract: This project sought a nuanced understanding of migration and identity negotiation among Egyptian immigrants in Milan, Italy. The primary goal was to identify components of cultural pluralism and sources of cultural clash via ethnographic research. In this paper, I analyze the experience of immigration based on research conducted over three months among Egyptian-Italians with family-run businesses and native Milanese in two neighborhoods salient for their immigrant population. A thorough review of related literature preceded my research and is also provided for context. Findings show that there are critical differences in the immigration experience of Muslims and Non-Muslims and that language use is the primary means of identity negotiation. Additionally, standards and expectations relating to sexual activity, religious practices and social behavior are the definitive topics for clash or cultural pluralism. Analysis suggests that the existence of common Mediterranean values could form the basis of pluralism in Milan. Cultural clash in the communities studied could derive from a crisis of Italian identity as a result of changing demographics (European integration, low fertility rates, aging population, and high rates of immigration) and differences in norms of behavior
    [Show full text]
  • The Specifics of Modern Educational Migration in the Countries of the Customs Union (Russia, Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan)
    Yessentayeva, A., Akhemetova, B., Kadirsizova, S, et al., (2019) /Vol. 8 Núm. 19: 130-137/ Marzo - abril 2019 130 Artículo de investigación The specifics of modern educational migration in the countries of the Customs Union (Russia, Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan) ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ МИГРАЦИИ В СТРАНАХ ТАМОЖЕННОГО СОЮЗА Los detalles de la migración educativa moderna en los países de la Unión Aduanera (Rusia, Republica de Belarus, Kazakstan) Recibido: 15 de febrero de 2019. Aceptado: 18 de marzo de 2019 Written by: Assel Yessentayeva46 Bigaysha Z. Akhmetova47 Shynar B. Kadirsizova48 Karas Kaziev49 Gani Baiulov50 Guldensin O. Rakhimbekova51 Saltanat K. Akhtanova52 Abstract Resumen The article describes the types of student El artículo describe los tipos de migración migration and methodological approaches to its estudiantil y los enfoques metodológicos para su study. The global trends in educational migration estudio. Se analizan las tendencias mundiales de and the development of this process in Belarus in la migración educativa y el desarrollo de este the period 1999–2014 are analyzed. The countries proceso en Bielorrusia en el período 1999- of origin are highlighted, and factors that 2014. Se destacan los países de origen y se contribute to attracting educational migrants to indican los factores que contribuyen a atraer the Republic of Belarus are indicated. One of the migrantes educativos a la República de characteristic trends in the development of the Bielorrusia. Una de las tendencias características modern education system is the rapid growth of en el desarrollo del sistema educativo moderno student migration throughout the twentieth es el rápido crecimiento de la migración century. The scale of academic mobility and estudiantil a lo largo del siglo XX.
    [Show full text]
  • 11083/15 Cf/Ab 1 DG C 1 Die Delegationen
    Rat der Europäischen Union Brüssel, den 20. Juli 2015 (OR. en) 11083/15 CFSP/PESC 435 COPS 245 FIN 527 PE 128 BERATUNGSERGEBNISSE Absender: Generalsekretariat des Rates Empfänger: Delegationen Nr. Vordok.: 10549/15 Betr.: Hauptaspekte und grundlegende Optionen der GASP (Teil II Buchstabe E Nummer 25 der Interinstitutionellen Vereinbarung vom 2. Dezember 2013) - 2014 Entwurf des Jahresberichts der Hohen Vertreterin der Europäischen Union für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik an das Europäische Parlament Die Delegationen erhalten beigefügt das Dokument "Hauptaspekte und grundlegende Optionen der GASP (Teil II Buchstabe E Nummer 25 der Interinstitutionellen Vereinbarung vom 2. Dezember 2013) – 2014 – Entwurf des Jahresberichts der Hohen Vertreterin der Europäischen Union für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik an das Europäische Parlament", wie es der Rat am 20. Juli 2015 gebilligt hat. 11083/15 cf/ab 1 DG C 1 DE Entwurf des Jahresberichts der Hohen Vertreterin der Europäischen Union für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik an das Europäische Parlament Hauptaspekte und grundlegende Optionen der GASP – 2014 – EINLEITUNG ................................................................................................................................ 15 1. Beispiele für das weltweite Engagement der EU ............................................................... 16 2. Künftige Herausforderungen.............................................................................................. 20 A. Tätigkeitsüberblick nach Regionen ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Blanding's Turtle
    Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project July 20, 2006 Justin D. Congdon, Ph.D.1 and Douglas A. Keinath2 1University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 2Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, P. O. Box 3381, Laramie, WY 82071 Peer Review Administered by Society for Conservation Biology Congdon, J.D. and D.A. Keinath. (2006, July 20). Blanding’s Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/ projects/scp/assessments/blandingsturtle.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. Jeff Lang for information about the Blanding’s turtle in Nebraska and Michael Pappas for information on breeding behavior of the Blanding’s turtle. Janet Hostetter, Owen Kinney, and Roy Nagle provided photographs. Nancy Dickson made comments on earlier drafts of the report. AUTHORS’ BIOGRAPHIES Justin Congdon is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Georgia’s Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL) where he was a Senior Research Scientist until 2001. He holds adjunct positions at the University of Michigan and Arizona State University. Research focus at SREL was primarily on toxicology of reptiles, amphibians, and fish related to coal ash disposal. He has conducted long-term research on aspects of aging, ecology, and life histories of three species of turtles (painted turtles, Blanding’s turtles, and snapping turtles) on the University of Michigan’s Edwin S. George Reserve (31 years), the Sonoran mud turtles in the Chiricahua Mountains in southeastern Arizona (16 years), and on hatchling orientation and dispersal from nests and the composition of a seven species turtle community in the Weaver Dunes area in southeastern Minnesota (6 years).
    [Show full text]
  • Uncorrected Transcript
    1 EUROPE-2015/11/05 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION EUROPE IN A CHANGING WORLD: FROM CRISIS TO OPPORTUNITY AN ALAN AND JANE BATKIN INTERNATIONAL LEADERS FORUM WITH VICE PRESIDENT OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION KRISTALINA GEORGIEVA Washington, D.C. Thursday, November 5, 2015 Introduction: STROBE TALBOTT President The Brookings Institution Featured Speaker: KRISTALINA GEORGIEVA Vice President and Commissioner for the Budget and Human Resources European Commission Moderator: JEREMY SHAPIRO Fellow, Center on the United States and Europe The Brookings Institution * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 2 EUROPE-2015/11/05 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. TALBOTT: Good afternoon to all of you, and particularly the diplomatic corps, which seems to have turned out in force, and in great distinction. Kristalina Georgieva, our speaker this afternoon, has an important title at an important institution. She is the European Commission's Vice President for Budget and Human Resources. She has given me permission to veer a little bit from what that set of phrases means. The last phrase, human resources, has taken on a different and very much in a minor key meaning in today's world, in today's Europe. She and her fellow European leaders are dealing with a crisis in the human resources of two regions of the world. That is the massive wave of refugees escaping from the Middle East in hopes of finding safety in Europe. No doubt, she will address that issue in her remarks. Her experience and credentials make her a particularly timely person to be talking to us on that set of issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation of Human Rights in Belarus in 2012
    Human Rights Center «Viasna» Situation of Human Rights in Belarus in 2012 REVIEW-CHRONICLE Мinsk, 2013 SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN BELARUS IN 2012 REVIEW-CHRONICLE Compiled by Tatsiana Reviaka Editing and introduction by Valiantsin Stefanovich The book was prepared on the basis of the monthly reviews of the situation of human rights in Belarus in 2012. Each of the monthly reviews includes the analysis of the most important events which influenced the observation of human rights for the given period, as well as the most evident and characteristic features of the abuses registered at that time. The review was prepared on the basis of personal applications of victims of human rights violations, the facts that were registered by human rigths defenders or voiced in open information sources. The book makes use of photos by Yuliya Darashkevich Dzmitry Bushko, Siarhei Hudzilin, Nastassia Loika, the web-sites http://photo.bymedia. net, http://nn.by, http://euroradio.fm, http://www.svaboda.org, http://volkovysk.by, http://gazetaby.com, http://mfront.net, http://www.reuters.com, http://belsat.eu/be, belhouse.org and the archive of the Human Rights Center «Viasna». TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 9 Review-Chronicle of Human Rights Violations in Belarus in January 2012 19 Politically motivated criminal prosecution 19 Harassment and pressurization of human rights activists and organizations 21 Torture and cruel treatment, poor conditions of detention 23 Death penalty 25 Administrative prosecution of social and political activists 25 Restrictions on freedom of speech 27 Restrictions on freedom of assembly 28 Situation of freedom of association 30 Review-Chronicle of Human Rights Violations in Belarus in February 2012 31 Political prisoners.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in Belarus the Case for Investment
    Empowered lives. Resilient nations. RUBLE Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Belarus The case for investment a Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in Belarus The case for investment Prepared for the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus by WHO Regional Office for Europe United Nations Development Programme Authors: Anna Kontsevaya Jill Farrington Oxana Rotar Dudley Tarlton Lika Gamgebeli Valiantsin Rusovich Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Abstract Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases and their risk factors are an increasing public health and development challenge in Belarus. This report provides evidence that NCDs reduce economic output and discusses potential options in response. An economic burden analysis shows that economic losses from NCDs (direct and indirect costs) are 46.7 trillion old Belarusian rubles per year, which is equivalent to 5.4% of the country’s gross domestic product in 2015. An intervention costing analysis provides an estimation of the funding required to implement a set of policy interventions for tobacco and alcohol control and salt reduction, and cardiovascular disease and diabetes clinical interventions. The economic analysis demonstrated significant returns on investment for all policy interventions. Keywords CHRONIC DISEASE – ECONOMICS CHRONIC DISEASE – PREVENTION AND CONTROL COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS REPUBLIC OF BELARUS Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest).
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Products Forest Annual Market Annual Review 2014-2015
    UNECE Forest Products Forest Annual MarketAnnual Review 2014-2015 UNECE Forest Products - Annual Market Review 2014-2015 UNITED NATIONS UNECE Forest Products Annual Market Review 2014-2015 II UNECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2014-2015 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Data for the Commonwealth of Independent States is composed of these twelve countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or carry the endorsement of the United Nations. ABSTRACT The Forest Products Annual Market Review 2014-2015 provides a comprehensive analysis of markets in the UNECE region and reports on the main market influences outside the UNECE region, using the best-available data from diverse sources. It covers the range of products from the forest to the end-user: from roundwood and primary-processed products to value-added products and those used in housing. Statistics-based chapters analyse the markets for wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood- based panels, paper, paperboard and woodpulp. Other chapters analyse policies, institutional forestland ownership and its effects on forest products markets, and markets for wood energy. The Review highlights the role of sustainable forest products in international markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Jean Monnet Project Appendix
    Jean Monnet Project Appendix This Jean Monnet Project (JMP) Appendix includes lesson plans, modules, activities, assignments and syllabi created by educators who participated in the Center’s EU in NC study tours in 2017-18. These resources are intended to provide educators with inspiration on how to incorporate EU-focused material into the classroom. Index Community College and HBCU Activity Multiple Selves: Exploring Identity in the European Union and US Amber DeBono, Winston Salem State University Assignments European Immigration Research Paper Abbe Allen, Sandhills Community College Film Otomo Assignment: Intercultural Reflection Paper Carol Hayes, Forsyth Tech Community College Creative Writing Assignment: Refugee Perspectives Ty Stumpf, Central Carolina Community College Lesson Plans Comparative Government Carla Cole, Guilford Technical Community College Differences between the EU and US, Current EU Issues Bart Ganzert, Forsyth Tech Community College The European Union and the Fourth Industrial Revolution Ping Liang, Forsyth Tech Community College Refugees and Migrants in the EU and US Carol Schmid, Guilford Technical Community College Syllabi Elementary French I Lisa Blair, Durham Technical Community College Literature of the African Diaspora Claudia Drieling, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Introduction to Sociology Kelly McEnany, AB Tech Community College American Government Tess Snodgrass, Alamance Community College K-12 Elementary School Lesson Plan Social Studies Lesson on the EU Crystal Whisenant,
    [Show full text]
  • European Union
    e-RG Electronic Resource Guide European Union Marylin J. Raisch* This page was last updated March 1, 2014. his electronic resource guide, often called the ERG, has been published online by the American Society of International Law (ASIL) since 1997. T Since then it has been systematically updated and continuously expanded. The chapter format of the ERG is designed to be used by students, teachers, practitioners and researchers as a self-guided tour of relevant, quality, up-to-date online resources covering important areas of international law. The ERG also serves as a ready-made teaching tool at graduate and undergraduate levels. The narrative format of the ERG is complemented and augmented by EISIL (Electronic Information System for International Law), a free online database that organizes and provides links to, and useful information on, web resources from the full spectrum of international law. EISIL's subject-organized format and expert-provided content also enhances its potential as teaching tool. 2 This page was last updated March 1, 2014. I. Introduction II. Treaties Establishing the European Union III. Community Acts and Sources of Law IV. Institutions and Powers V. European Court of Justice and Case Law VI. Selected Topical Areas of Research VII. Commentary and Databases VIII. Concluding Review of Updating and Citation Tools I. Introduction This chapter of the ASIL Electronic Resource Guide for International Law (ERG) presents electronic resources for research in the law of the European Union (EU) and its evolving institutional
    [Show full text]