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Rules for Classification and Construction I Ship Technology 4 Rigging Technology 1 Tall Ship Rigs Edition 1997 The following Rules come into force on May 1st, 1997 Germanischer Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft Head Office Vorsetzen 35, 20459 Hamburg, Germany Phone: +49 40 36149-0 Fax: +49 40 36149-200 [email protected] www.gl-group.com "General Terms and Conditions" of the respective latest edition will be applicable (see Rules for Classification and Construction, I - Ship Technology, Part 0 - Classification and Surveys). Reproduction by printing or photostatic means is only permissible with the consent of Germanischer Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft. Published by: Germanischer Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft, Hamburg Printed by: Gebrüder Braasch GmbH, Hamburg I - Part 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1 GL 1997 Page 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditionell Rigs) A. General ....................................................................................................................................... 1- 1 B. Definitions .................................................................................................................................. 1- 1 C. Dimensioning of Masts, Topmasts, Yards, Booms and Bowsprits ............................................. 1- 3 D. Standing Rigging ........................................................................................................................ 1- 9 E. Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................. 1- 10 I - Part 4 Section 1 B Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional Chapter 1 GL 1997 Rigs) Page 1–1 Section 1 Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional Rigs) A. General 2.2 The forces acting at the crosstree and the cap are to be determined and submitted to GL for ap- 1. Scope proval. 2.3 Calculations of Intact Stability and, if need 1.1 These rules are applicable to all seagoing be, of Damage Stability are likewise to be submitted. ships with class ? 100 A5 sailing ship (or training sailing ship). B. Definitions 1.2 Germanischer Lloyd (GL) applies these rules to the testing of the masting and rigging also of ships 1. Types of rig without class where it is commissioned to carry out such testing. 1.1 The term "Rig" is used for the masts and the 1.3 The construction of the hull is subject to the standing rigging of a sailing ship. In these Rules the running rigging does not come under this term. Society's currently most recent rules for the construc- tion of seagoing ships. 1.2 The rigs of sailing ships are of two basic types: 1.4 For ships which cannot be classified accord- ing to Section B. and having a length not exceeding – Square rig 24 m the "Rules for Classification and Construction, I – Ship Technology, Part 3 "Pleasure Craft, Chapter – Fore-and-aft rig. 2, Mast and Rigging" apply. 1.3 The masts of square-rigged ships carry yards. In cases of doubt an agreement is to be sought with (Square- and stay sails.) GL Head Office. 1.4 The masts of fore-and-aft rigged ships carry 2. Documents for approval no yards ("schooner rig", gaff-, top- and stay-sails). 2.1 Fully dimensioned drawings of the following 2. Types of ships parts of the rigging shall be submitted to the Society in triplicate for examination: Depending on the type of rig used, sailing ships are classed as: – Rigging plan showing sail areas and centres of effort as well as the arrangement and dimen- sions of the standing rigging; 2.1 Square-rigged ships (each mast carrying square sails). These include: – Masts, upper masts and crosstrees; – the brig (two masts) – Yards with their fastenings to masts and upper masts; – full-rigged ships with three masts or more (e.g. a four-masted ship-rigged vessel). – Booms for gaff sails with their fastenings to masts and upper masts; 2.2 Ships with mixed rig: – Bowsprits; These include: – Fastenings for standing rigging on hull, masts and upper masts; – the schooner brig or brigantine (square-rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged mainmast) – Substructures of masts and bowsprits; – the topsail schooner or barkentine (square- – Running rigging, where this is subjected to rigged foremast, fore-and-aft rigged main and forces transmitted by yards, booms, etc. mizzenmast) Chapter 1 Section 1 B Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional I - Part 4 Page 1–2 Rigs) GL 1997 – the bark (square-rigged fore- and mainmast, 3.3 Three-masted ships fore-and-aft rigged mizzenmast) – the bark with more than three masts (the after- most mast invariably fore-and-aft riggid) – the square topsail schooner (masts are both square and fore-and-aft rigged). 2.3 Schooners (fore-and-aft rig only). These include: – the two-masted schooner C BA Barks, topsail schooners and full-rigged ships: – the fore-and-aft schooner with three or more A: foremast masts (e.g. a five-masted schooner). B: mainmast C: mizzenmast 3. Nomenclature applied to masts 3.1 Different names are given to the masts on the Fig. 1.2 various types of vessel. The following terms are used: 3.2 Two-masted ships 3.4 Four-masted ships Independent of the kind of rig there is for – brigs, – schooner brigs – schooners D C B A Four-masted barks and full-rigged ships: A: foremast B: mainmast C: mizzenmast D: jigger or spanker-mast BA A: foremast B: mainmast Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.3 I - Part 4 Section 1 C Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional Chapter 1 GL 1997 Rigs) Page 1–3 3.5 Five-masted ships 5. Nomenclature applied to the standing rig- ging 5.1 The nomenclature applied to the shrouds and backstays is shown in Fig. 1.6. The names given to the stays are shown in Fig. 1.7. 5.2 The names given to the bowsprit stays are shown in Fig. 1.8. EDC B A 6. Nomenclature applied to sails Five-masted barks and full-rigged ships: A: foremast 6.1 Sails are divided into three typs: B: mainmast C: mizzenmast – Square sails D: jigger-mast – Gaff sails E: spanker-mast – Stay sails Fig. 1.4 6.2 The nomenclature applied to square sails is Royal yard ** shown in Fig. 1.5. Royal ** Topgallant yard * 6.3 The lower gaff sails are named according to Topgallant sail * the masts on which they are carried (e.g. gaff foresail, Upper top sail gaff mainsail) but that on the mizzen is called a yard spanker. Corresponding names are also given to the Upper topsail Lower top sail gaff-topsails (e.g. main, fore and mizzen gaff-topsail). yard Further details are shown in Fig. 1.9. Lower topsail Lower yard e.g. 6.4 The nomenclature applied to stay sails is Course fore yard, shown in Fig. 1.10 e.g. main yard, foresail, mizzen yard, mainsail, etc. crossjack C. Dimensioning of Masts, Topmasts, Yards, Booms and Bowsprits * On large sailing ships the topgallant sail may be devided into an upper and lower topgallant sail with the corresponding upper and lower top- 1. General gallant yards. ** On very large sailing ships, the sky yard and/or 1.1 The dimensions of the parts given in the the sky sail will be arranged above the royal yard. Tables Nos. 1.1 to 1.7 are based on steel with a tensile strength of 400 – 490 N/mm2. For further details on the materials please refer to "Rules for Classification Fig. 1.5 Nomenclature of yards and sails and Construction, II – Material and Welding Technol- ogy, Part 1 – Metallic Materials". 4. Nomenclature applied to yards Where materials of different tensile strength are used, 4.1 The nomenclature applied to the yards is the dimensions given in Tables Nos. 1.1 to 1.7 must be shown in Fig. 1.5. resp. are allowed to be modified accordingly. Chapter 1 Section 1 C Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional I - Part 4 Page 1–4 Rigs) GL 1997 Lateral view Front view Royal backstay Topgallant mast Topgallant mast shrouds Topgallant backstay Topmast cap Topmast shrouds Topmast head backstay Topmast Topmast backstay Lower head shrouds Mast crosstree Futtock shrouds Lower shrouds Lower mast Fig. 1.6 Shrouds and backstays 7 1 11 2 3 12 5 9 8 4 13 6 10 1 Fore royal stay 8 Main topgallant stay 2 Fore topgallant stay 9 Main topmast stay 3 Outer jib stay 10 Main stay 4 Inner jib stay 11 Mizzen topgallant stay 5 Fore topmast stay 12 Mizzen topmast stay 6 Fore stay 13 Mizzen stay 7 Main royal stay Fig. 1.7 Stays (for a bark) I - Part 4 Section 1 C Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional Chapter 1 GL 1997 Rigs) Page 1–5 Fore royal stay Fore topgallant stay Jib stay Fore topmast stay Turnbuckle Forward jibboom guy After jibboom guy Fore stay (double) Bowsprit shrouds Turnbuckle Turnbuckles Martingale Martingale boom Bobstay Jib netting After jibboom guy Forward jibboom guy Jib netting Bowsprit Turnbuckles Bowsprit shrouds Fig. 1.8 Bowsprit stays Chapter 1 Section 1 C Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional I - Part 4 Page 1–6 Rigs) GL 1997 Gaff-topsail Gaff Gaffsail (or upper and Middle gaff lower gaffsail) (if any) Boom Fig. 1.9 Nomenclature of Gaff sails 7 10 6 9 4 5 2 3 8 1 1 Fore top mast stay sail 2 Inner jib 3 Outer jib 4 Flying jib 5 Main top mast stay sail 6 Main topgallant stay sail 7 Main royal stay sail 8 Mizzen stay sail 9 Mizzen topmast stay sail 10 Mizzen topgallant stay sail Fig. 1.10 Stay sails I - Part 4 Section 1 C Rules for the Masting and Rigging of Sailing Ships (Traditional Chapter 1 GL 1997 Rigs) Page 1–7 1.2 If solid spars are used they get the same di- The top portion of the lower mast above the "Lloyd's ameters as specified in the text or Tables depending on length" may be gradually tapered to the diameter of their kind of use.
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