DOCSLIB.ORG

Bosworth Battlefield

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bosworth Battlefield BOSWORTH BATTLEFIELD A Reassessment Glenn Foard 2004 This report has been prepared by Glenn Foard FSA MIFA for Chris Burnett Associates on behalf of Leicestershire County Council. Copyright © Leicestershire County Council & Glenn Foard 2004 Cover picture: King Richard’s Field as depicted on Smith’s map of Leicestershire of 1602 Page 2 22/07/2005 BOSWORTH BATTLEFIELD A Reassessment Glenn Foard Page 3 22/07/2005 Figure 1: A view by Rimmer (1898) of the Ambion Hill site looking east, showing King Richard's Well. This is the battlefield as currently interpreted at the Battlefield Centre, which now occupies the farm in the background. Page 4 22/07/2005 CONTENTS CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................. 5 List of Illustrations.................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................... 8 Copyright .................................................................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations............................................................................................................................ 9 SUMMARY............................................................................................................................ 10 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 12 2. A REVIEW OF CURRENT INTERPRETATIONS ...................................................... 13 The Atherstone hypothesis.................................................................................................. 13 A battle near Merevale.................................................................................................... 14 Townships paid compensation........................................................................................ 15 Naming of the battle........................................................................................................ 15 The Traditional Location: Alternative Battlefield Sites...................................................... 17 Burton ............................................................................................................................. 18 Hutton ............................................................................................................................. 18 Williams.......................................................................................................................... 20 Wright ............................................................................................................................. 22 Foss ................................................................................................................................. 22 The Battlefield Register .................................................................................................. 25 Assessment.......................................................................................................................... 26 3. MILITARY HISTORY................................................................................................... 27 Primary sources................................................................................................................... 27 Campaign ............................................................................................................................ 27 Needs............................................................................................................................... 29 Armies & military practice in the 15th century ................................................................... 29 Composition and equipping of armies ............................................................................ 29 Military practice in the 15th century and the methodology of battlefield study.............. 31 Richard’s battle array.................................................................................................. 34 Henry’s battle array..................................................................................................... 35 Deployment location................................................................................................... 36 The Action ...................................................................................................................... 37 Richard’s cavalry Charge............................................................................................ 38 Rout............................................................................................................................. 39 Locational evidence in primary sources ............................................................................. 39 The battlefield ................................................................................................................. 40 Richard’s camp ............................................................................................................... 40 The plain ......................................................................................................................... 40 The Stanley deployment ................................................................................................. 41 The marsh........................................................................................................................ 41 Battle arrays and lines of march...................................................................................... 41 Richard’s cavalry attack.................................................................................................. 42 Richard’s death ............................................................................................................... 42 Norfolk’s death ............................................................................................................... 42 Henry’s Crowning........................................................................................................... 42 Needs................................................................................................................................... 42 4. THE BATTLEFIELD ..................................................................................................... 43 Methodology of reconstruction of historic terrain.............................................................. 43 Page 5 22/07/2005 Physical geography ............................................................................................................. 43 Relief and drainage ......................................................................................................... 44 Geology & soils .............................................................................................................. 44 Land use.............................................................................................................................. 45 Administrative and tenurial organisation.................................................................... 45 Open fields.................................................................................................................. 46 Marsh and moor .......................................................................................................... 48 Gorse, heath and wood................................................................................................ 50 Enclosure..................................................................................................................... 50 Communications ............................................................................................................. 51 Sandeford .................................................................................................................... 52 Settlement ....................................................................................................................... 52 Needs............................................................................................................................... 52 5. BATTLE ARCHAEOLOGY.......................................................................................... 54 Artefacts.......................................................................................................................... 55 Antiquarian and other non survey finds...................................................................... 55 Metal detecting finds................................................................................................... 56 Taphonomy ................................................................................................................. 56 Burials............................................................................................................................. 56 Previous survey work.......................................................................................................... 58 Metal detecting................................................................................................................ 59 Fieldwalking ................................................................................................................... 60 Remote sensing ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bosworth at Redemore: Focus and Context
    Bosworth at Redemore: Focus and Context PETER J. FOSS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT local document to come to light in recent years (that is, since my work of the 1980s) relevant to the location of the battle of Bosworth is a demesne terrier belonging to the Abbey of St Mary de Pratis (Leicester Abbey) identified by Professor Barrie Cox in his contribution to the archaeological survey undertaken by the Battlefields Trust in 2005–09. The document1 is dated to between 1467 and 1484 and itemises fields, furlongs and meadows in the township of Stoke Golding (‘Stoke’) at the end of the fifteenth century, on the cusp of the battle of Bosworth. I would like here to offer a brief examination of this document and, together with other local records, show how it helps to focus on the place where the battle of Bosworth was fought, and how this reflects on the context of the archaeological discoveries made in 2009. I would also like to correct and rebal- ance a number of recent misconceptions. A Leicester Abbey Demesne Terrier The document identifies three open fields – Halmorefelde, Garbrodfelde and Whytmorefelde – which can be equated roughly with later named areas (from the early seventeenth century at least) in the same parish; that is, the later-named ‘Crownehillfielde’ with Garbrodfelde, ‘Milnehillfield’ with Whytmorefelde, and Halmorefelde with the area that lay south of the manor-house and its park (the ‘Park’ and ‘Great Pasture’ marked on Trimnell’s map of 1637).2 The inference has been made, reasonably, that the change of name from Garbrodfelde to Crownehillfelde
    [Show full text]
  • The Rebellion of 1483: a Study of Sources and Opinions (Part 2)
    The Rebellion of 1483: A Study of Sources and Opinions (Part 2) KENNETH HILLIER NEARLY as much mystery surrounds Sir Thomas More's History of King Richard the Third'1 as the fate of the two princes! Five versions of the text survive of differing length, with the first published version (1543) being markedly altered from the 'authentic' text of over a decade later. Moreover, some question More's authorship, giving Morton a major role in the work at the very least. Alison Hanham,2 contributing to the further problem of what was More's intentions in the work, maintains it is a 'Satirical Drama'. That the book is important is not doubted: 'The work not only gives in minute detail an account of all the important events from the death of Edward IV to the outbreak of Buckingham's rebellion, but it presents the most finished portrait of Richard's person and character.'3 Certainly More's work appears (as often as any) in the footnotes of most books on Richard. The Duke of Buckingham plays a central role in the tale, from his first appearance as 'Edwarde [sic] Duke of Buckingham, and Richarde [sic] Lorde Hastinges and Chaumberlayn, both men of honour and of great power' to the last line (in Rastell's 1557 English edition) of the text, where the Bishop of Ely has planted the idea of the crown itself in his mind. Buckingham, until his rebellion, is linked with Richard throughout: he sees that Gray and Vaughan are arrested, when young Edward protests; with Rivers, they are traitors because 'they hadde contryued the destruccyon of the Dukes of Gloucester and Buckingham', whilst, later, Hastings' conspiracy was 'to have slaine ye lord protector and ye Duke of Buckingham sitting in ye counsel'.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography19802017v2.Pdf
    A LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON THE HISTORY OF WARWICKSHIRE, PUBLISHED 1980–2017 An amalgamation of annual bibliographies compiled by R.J. Chamberlaine-Brothers and published in Warwickshire History since 1980, with additions from readers. Please send details of any corrections or omissions to [email protected] The earlier material in this list was compiled from the holdings of the Warwickshire County Record Office (WCRO). Warwickshire Library and Information Service (WLIS) have supplied us with information about additions to their Local Studies material from 2013. We are very grateful to WLIS for their help, especially Ms. L. Essex and her colleagues. Please visit the WLIS local studies web pages for more detailed information about the variety of sources held: www.warwickshire.gov.uk/localstudies A separate page at the end of this list gives the history of the Library collection, parts of which are over 100 years old. Copies of most of these published works are available at WCRO or through the WLIS. The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust also holds a substantial local history library searchable at http://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/. The unpublished typescripts listed below are available at WCRO. A ABBOTT, Dorothea: Librarian in the Land Army. Privately published by the author, 1984. 70pp. Illus. ABBOTT, John: Exploring Stratford-upon-Avon: Historical Strolls Around the Town. Sigma Leisure, 1997. ACKROYD, Michael J.M.: A Guide and History of the Church of Saint Editha, Amington. Privately published by the author, 2007. 91pp. Illus. ADAMS, A.F.: see RYLATT, M., and A.F. Adams: A Harvest of History. The Life and Work of J.B.
    [Show full text]
  • HVII Activity Sheet (Answers)
    Welcome to the Henry VII Experience. My name is Thomas Briggs, and I lived in Micklegate Bar during the reign of Henry VII. I have set you a number of tasks to learn some information about my King Henry VII and the time period. The first one starts on the top floor. Do be careful on the stairs! Missing Letters The first challenge is to fill in the missing letters of the different armour below! K E T T L E P A D D E D G A U N T L E T H E L M E T J A C K B R E A S T P A D D E D B A R B U T E P L A T E C O I F True or False? I am sure that some of my facts are wrong. Can you please help me to work out which ones? (Put ‘true’ or ‘false’ next to the statements) 1 . Henry’s mother, Margaret Beaufort, was 14 when she gave birth to Henry TRUE 2 . The red rose was one of the badges of the House of York, and the white rose was one of the badges of the House of Lancaster FALSE 3 . Henry declared that his reign started the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. This meant that anyone who fought against Henry in the battle could TRUE be found guilty of treason 4 . John Cabot, an Italian explorer, was sponsored by Henry VII and, in 1497, landed in mainland North America, the first European to be there since the Vikings TRUE 5 .
    [Show full text]
  • Stoke Golding Neighbourhood Plan – Submission Version
    Stoke Golding Neighbourhood Plan: Submission 2020-2039 Stoke Golding Neighbourhood Plan: Submission Welcome to the Neighbourhood Plan for Stoke Golding. The plan is a culmination of the results of the 2016 questionnaire and consultations with local parishioners, businesses and other stake holders which shows how we would like to see our village evolve. It recognises the rural character of our Parish as well as its unique heritage. The plan appreciates that Stoke Golding residents would like to have a greater influence on the overall shape and development of their village over the next few years in many areas including biodiversity, maintaining important views, protecting our heritage and landscape, renewable energy, infrastructure and open spaces. It also determines what type of housing should take place and where we would choose to put it. The production of the plan has been led by the Neighbourhood Plan Advisory Committee on behalf of the Parish Council. I would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has been involved in the process along the way. Without their dedication and hours of voluntary work, this plan just would not have been possible. I would also like to thank all of you for your support and patience. It has taken a long time due to the nature of the process. Stoke Golding is a lovely, friendly, vibrant village and we would like to maintain that for future generations. Rachel Terheege Chair Stoke Golding Parish Council i Stoke Golding Neighbourhood Plan: Submission Contents Site Selection .......................................................................................................15 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Housing Reserve Site: Mulberry Farm, High Street ..............................16 Neighbourhood Plans .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fenny Drayton Parish News
    Fenny Drayton Parish News May 2014 TROTTERS THE BUTCHERS CALDECOTE VILLAGE HALL A Real Family Business Small well maintained Hall for Hire with We only sell Fresh Locally Sourced seating for up to 50 people Meat and Poultry at SUITABLE FOR PARTIES, MEETINGS OR The Foodhall, Dobbies Garden World SIMILAR GATHERINGS 01827 711982 KITCHEN/TOILETS/PARKING Ask for Keith or Jack Situated on Weddington Lane opposite Specialists in Mature, Flavoursome turn for Caldecote Village and Traditional Meat and Poultry Contact Miss M. Hughes 024 7639 4328 W. Smith & Sons (Nuneaton) Ltd P.M.R. Motor Repairs Burbage Walk, Powell Way Avenue Road Nuneaton CV11 4JT Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV11 5AE 024 7638 2124 Telephone 024 7632 9176 Fax 024 7632 9665 Funeral Directors and Monumental Masons Servicing and Repairs to All Makes of Vehicles FUNERAL PREPAYMENT PLANS MOT Testing MKS Decor CJR Improvements Ltd Building and Maintenance All Aspects of building and property maintenance work undertaken For a Free Quotation Contact Lee Pendleton 07473 993176 2 Editor’s Bit Welcome again to Fenny Drayton Parish News. After an exhaustive recruitment process, we have appointed a motoring correspondent, known only as ‘Layshaft’. You can read his/her first contribution in this issue. Other contributors are still welcome. If you are involved in (or know of) a local event, have something interesting to share with the village please send it to me. This could be a one off piece, or even better if you would like to contribute a series of articles (any keen gardeners, cooks, travellers out there?) Especially welcome, would be anyone wanting to join the committee, to help with any aspect of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Atherstone Station I Onward Travel Information Buses Local Area Map
    Atherstone Station i Onward Travel Information Buses Local area map Rail replacement buses/coaches depart from the main road adjacent the station car park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 & also map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, CC BY-SA Main destinations by bus (Data correct at June 2018) BUS BUS BUS BUS BUS BUS DESTINATION DESTINATION DESTINATION ROUTES STOP ROUTES STOP ROUTES STOP 48(Sundays), Appleby Magna 7 B B Sheepy Magna 7 B 766, 767 8 minutes walk from this Glascote Snarestone 7 B 48(Sundays), station (see map) Bus Station Atherstone (Bus Station) 65, 766, 767 48(Sundays) B 7, 48(Sundays), A 48(Sundays), Stonydelph 48(Sundays), 766, 767 B Bus Station 766, 767 65 Atherstone (Carlyon Road) 762 Bus Station Grendon 48(Sundays), 48(Sundays), Bus Station B Atherstone (St Georges Road) 65, 762 Bus Station 65, 766, 767 766, 767 Tamworth 48(Sundays), 48(Sundays), Atterton 7 A A Bus Station 766, 767 65, 766, 767 48(Sundays), Hartshill (Green) Baddesley Ensor B 48(Daily), 766, 766, 767 Bus Station Twycross 7 B 767 Baxterley 766 B Twycross Zoo 7 B Hurley 766 B 48(Sundays), A 766, 767 B 766*, 767* Kingsbury 766 B Ventura Park Bedworth 65, 766, 767 Bus Station 48(Daily), 766, 7, 48(Sundays), Bus Station A 767 766, 767 7 A Witherley Bilstone 7 B Mancetter 7, 48(Daily), 65, 7, 68 Bus Station 68, 762, 763, Bus Station B Birch Coppice Business Park 766, 767 766, 767 Wood End (Staffs) 766 B Birchley Heath 763 Bus Station Measham 7 B 48(Sundays), A MIRA 65 Bus Station 766, 767 Chapel End 48(Daily), 766, Newton Burgoland 7 B Bus Station 767 48(Sundays), Notes A 766*, 767* Congerstone 7 B Nuneaton 48(Daily), 65, Bus routes 7, 65, 762 & 763 operate Mondays to Saturdays.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Transport Map Acocks Green R
    WARWICKSHIRE CD INDEX TO PLACES SERVED WARWICKSHIRE BUS SERVICES IN WARWICKSHIRE A L Edingdale Public Transport Map Acocks Green R ............................... B3 Langley............................................. B4 Warwickshire Adderley Park R ............................... A3 Langley Green R .............................. A3 Public Transport Map SERVICE ROUTE DESCRIPTION OPERATOR DAYS OF NORMAL SERVICE ROUTE DESCRIPTION OPERATOR DAYS OF NORMAL 82 R NUMBER CODE OPERATION FREQUENCY NUMBER CODE OPERATION FREQUENCY 7 Alcester ............................................. A5 Lapworth ...................................... B4 June 2016 Clifton Campville Alderminster ...................................... C6 Lawford Heath ...................................D4 Measham Alexandra Hospital ............................. A4 Lea Hall R....................................... B3 March 2017 1/2 Nuneaton – Red Deeps – Attleborough SMR Mon-Sat 15 Minutes 115 Tamworth – Kingsbury – Hurley AMN Mon-Sat Hourly Elford Harlaston Allen End........................................... B2 Lea Marston ...................................... B2 PUBLIC TRANSPORT MAP 82 Allesley ............................................. C3 Leamington Hastings..........................D4 Newton Alvechurch R ................................... A4 Leamington Spa R............................ C4 1/2 P&R – Stratford – Lower Quinton – Chipping Campden – JH Mon-Sat Hourly 116 Tamworth – Kingsbury – Curdworth – Birmingham AMN Mon-Sat Hourly 7 Burgoland 224 Alvecote ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • History- Year 8 – the War of the Roses Time to Complete: 50 Minutes
    HOME LEARNING Subject: History- Year 8 – The War of the Roses Time to complete: 50 minutes Learning Objective: To find information about the War of the Roses using a timeline. Investigate the lives of kings Henry VI and Edward IV. TASK 1: Read the information on War of the Roses. Task 2: Match each date to the King who was ruling at that time (Use the information in the timeline to help you). TASK 3: Read the information about Henry VI and Edward IV and the Battle of Towton and fill in the correct details about each king. Task 4: Watch the video clip of “Horrible Histories” showing the War of the Roses. Save your work: If you are using a computer, open a blank document to do your work (you can use Word or Publisher). Don’t forget to SAVE it with your name, the lesson you are doing and the date. For example: T.Smith Maths 8 April If you would like us to see or mark your work please email it or send a photo of your completed work to the member of staff. [email protected] TASK 1 – Read the following information about the War of the Roses THE WAR OF THE ROSES The War of the Roses was a difficult time for England. During this time 2 rich and powerful families both wanted to rule England. They had many battles against each other to try to take the crown (become King). The families were the House of Lancaster and the House of York.
    [Show full text]
  • Battles and Warfare
    BATTLES AND WARFARE GENERAL Le Jeu de la Hache: A Fifteenth-century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat ANGLO Sydney Description: From Archaeologia, Vol. 109 Date of publication: 1991 Synopsis: Text and commentary on Le Jeu de la Hache (Bibliothèque Nationale, manuscrit français 1996), the only surviving treatise devoted exclusively to medieval axe combat. [LIBRARY NOTE: Filed under Fine and Applied Arts] The Times Guide to Battlefields of Britain ANON Description: From The Times Dates of publication: 3rd & 4th August, 1994 Synopsis: Articles on some of the battles included in English Heritage’s official new battlefields list (The Complete Guide to the Battlefields of Britain by David Smurthwaite), viz. Bannockburn, Shrewsbury, Blore Heath, Tewkesbury and Bosworth. The Wars of the Roses ANON Description: From Military History Monthly, Issue 50 Date of publication: November 2014 Synopsis: Well illustrated twenty-page editorial feature on the English civil conflicts of the fifteenth century. Includes an overview of the dynastic struggles and military campaigns, a discussion of military equipment and tactics, a longer feature on the Battle of Barnet and a brief revisionist analysis of Richard III. The strongest sections are those dealing with military matters. The brief historical explanations are, however, generally reliable, the most obvious error being the inclusion of a portrait of Elizabeth of York labelled ‘Elizabeth Woodville, Edward’s queen.’ The Wars of the Roses 1455-87 COATES Dr. J. I. Description: Typescript Date of publication: N/A Synopsis: Outline of the causes and main events of the wars. Heraldic Banners of the Wars of the Roses: Counties of Anglesey to Hampshire COVENEY Thomas Description: Freezywater Publications booklet, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Application Form PDF, 3.3Mb
    FORM CA13 Commons Act 2006: Schedule 2 Application to correct non-registration or mistaken registration This section is for office use only Official stamp Application number 1. COMMONS ACT 2006 Register unit number 17 OCT 2016 allocated at registration (for missed commons only) LEICESTERSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL REGISTRATION AUTHORITY • • • . '141, Applicants are advised to read 'Part 1 of the Commons Act 2006: Guidance to applicants' and to note: • Any person can apply under Schedule 2 to the Commons Act 2006. • All applicants should complete boxes 1-10. • Applications must be submitted by a prescribed deadline. From that date onwards no further applications can be submitted. Ask the registration authority for details. • You will be required to pay a fee unless your application is submitted under paragraph 2, 3, 4 or 5 of Schedule 2. Ask the registration authority for details. You would have t ..ya separate fee should your application relate to any of paragraphs 6 to 9 of Schedule 2 referred to the Planning Inspectorate. Note I 1. Commons Registration Authority Insert name To the: of commons registration Tick the box to confirm that you have: authority enclosed the appropriate fee for this application: or have applied under paragraph 2, 3, 4 or 5, so no fee has been enclosed: Note 2 2. Name and address of the applicant If there is more than one applicant, Name: 0AIVNA Ci.,44 I— 74$4 list all their names and addresses in Postal address: full. Use a separate sheet if necessary. MAN farm e Nv,pinwall a Li_ State the full title of the organisation cifif.&p,-, AA, 64-, r\i #11-1-+C-12ZMf`ile if the applicant is a In) tici2- body corporate or an unincorporated Postcode C,t/ 13 Pfr association.
    [Show full text]
  • HBBC Response to Regulation 14 Pre-Submission Draft Witherley
    Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council Consultation response to the draft Witherley Neighbourhood Plan - Pre-Submission (Regulation 14) Thank you for consulting Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council on the Regulation 14 Pre- Submission draft Witherley Neighbourhood Plan. Neighbourhood plans are not required to meet the tests of soundness which local plans and other development plan documents must meet. Instead, in order for them to be able to be put to referendum, they must meet the ‘basic conditions’ set out in paragraph 8(2) of Schedule 4B to the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. Those relevant to neighbourhood plans are as follows: (a). having regard to national policies and advice contained in guidance issued by the Secretary of State it is appropriate to make the order (or neighbourhood plan). (d). the making of the order (or neighbourhood plan) contributes to the achievement of sustainable development. (e). the making of the order (or neighbourhood plan) is in general conformity with the strategic policies contained in the development plan for the area of the authority (or any part of that area). (f). the making of the order (or neighbourhood plan) does not breach, and is otherwise compatible with, EU obligations. (g). prescribed conditions are met in relation to the Order (or plan) and prescribed matters have been complied with in connection with the proposal for the order (or neighbourhood plan). Points (f) and (g) above relate to certain obligations which plans must adhere to, primarily in relation to habitats and environmental impacts. Some plans require a Strategic Environmental Assessment and/or a Habitat Regulations Assessment.
    [Show full text]