Newyddion CHERISH News

RHIFYN 5 / ISSUE 5 IONAWR 2020 / JANUARY 2020 CYNNWYS / CONTENTS

CROESO / WELCOME 3

YNGHYLCH CHERISH / ABOUT CHERISH 4

UCHAFBWYNTIAU MEHEFIN–RHAGFYR 2019 / HIGHLIGHTS JUNE–DECEMBER 2019 6

YMGYSYLLTU / ENGAGEMENT 18

CHERISH DAN Y CHWYDDWYDR / CHERISH IN FOCUS 24

FFEIL FFEITHIAU PUFFTY / PUFFTY’S FACT FILE 38

CYFARFOD Â THÎM CHERISH / MEET THE CHERISH TEAM 40

DYDDIADAU AR GYFER EICH DYDDIADUR / DATES FOR YOUR DIARY 43

Gwales yw ynys fwyaf gorllewinol Cymru. Mae’n gartref i bron 80,000 o huganod, sy’n creu carped gwyn yn yr awyrlun hwn. Grassholm is Wales’s most westerly Island. It is home to over 80,000 gannets, creating a carpet of white, as seen on this aerial view.

Clawr Blaen: Mae heulwen y gaeaf ym mis Chwefror 2018 yn amlygu clogwyni Hen Dywodfaen Coch a thai hirion cul yr anheddiad ar ynys Gateholm, De Penfro. Yn y pellter canol mae llongddrylliad yr Albion, rhodlong ager, yn gorwedd wedi’i guddio mewn dŵr uchel ar draeth a enwyd ar ei hôl. Gellir gweld Cors Marloes ar y tir mawr yn y cefndir. Front Cover: Winter sunlight in February 2018 highlights the Old Red Sandstone cliffs and narrow longhouses of Gateholm Island settlement, South Pembrokeshire. In the middle distance lies the wreck of the Albion paddlesteamer, on the beach which still bears its name, obscured by high water. Marloes Mere can be seen on the mainland beyond. 3 CROESO i Rifyn 5 Newyddion CHERISH

Croeso i bumed rhifyn newyddion CHERISH sy’n nodi diwedd trydedd flwyddyn ein prosiect. Mae’n dda gennym gyhoeddi hefyd mai dyma bwynt hanner ffordd newydd y prosiect gan ein bod ni wedi sicrhau cyllid ychwanegol i alluogi CHERISH i barhau am flwyddyn arall i mewn i 2022. Yn y rhifyn hwn edrychwn ar rai o uchafbwyntiau’r prosiect rhwng mis Mehefin a mis Rhagfyr 2019, gan gynnwys y cloddiad cymunedol yn Ninas Dinlle yng Ngogledd Cymru; digwyddiadau CHERISH ar y ddwy ochr i’r môr; a mwy o deithiau ymchwiliol i rai o ynysoedd a phentiroedd anghysbell Iwerddon a Chymru. I gael y newyddion a storïau diweddaraf – ac i weld ble mae’r tîm CHERISH yn gweithio – cofiwch edrych ar ein gwefan a’n tudalennau Facebook a Twitter. Rhoddir y manylion isod. WELCOME to Issue 5 of CHERISH News

Welcome to the fifth issue of the CHERISH newsletter which marks the end of the third year of our project, and the new halfway point, as we’re excited to announce that we have been successful in securing additional funding that enables CHERISH to continue into 2022. This issue brings you the highlights between June and December 2019, including the community excavation at Dinas Dinlle in North Wales; CHERISH events on both sides of the water; and further exploratory trips out to remote islands and headlands across Ireland and Wales. For day-to-day news and features – and to see where the CHERISH team is working – don’t forget to look at our website, Facebook and Twitter pages, details of which can be found below. 4 YNGHYLCH CHERISH / ABOUT CHERISH

Prosiect Iwerddon-Cymru chwe blynedd o hyd yw CHERISH is a six-year Ireland-Wales project, bringing CHERISH. Mae’n dwyn ynghyd bedwar partner o’r ddwy together four partners across two nations: the Royal genedl: Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru; y Rhaglen Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments Ddarganfod, Iwerddon; Prifysgol Aberystwyth: Adran of Wales; the Discovery Programme, Ireland; Aberystwyth Daearyddiaeth a Gwyddorau Daear; ac Arolwg Daearegol University: Department of Geography and Earth Iwerddon. Dechreuodd ym mis Ionawr 2017 a bydd yn Sciences; and Geological Survey Ireland. It began in para hyd fis Rhagfyr 2022. Bydd yn derbyn €4.9 miliwn January 2017 and will run until December 2022. It will gan yr Undeb Ewropeaidd drwy Raglen Gydweithredu receive €4.9 million of EU funds through the Ireland Iwerddon Cymru 2014-2020. Wales Co-operation Programme 2014-2020.

Prosiect gwirioneddol drawsddisgyblaethol yw CHERISH CHERISH is a truly cross-disciplinary project aimed at sydd â’r nod o godi ymwybyddiaeth a dealltwriaeth o raising awareness and understanding of the past, present effeithiau newid hinsawdd, stormydd a thywydd garw and near-future impacts of climate change, storminess ar dreftadaeth ddiwylliannol gyfoethog ein môr a’n and extreme weather events on the rich cultural heritage harfordir yn y gorffennol, y presennol a’r dyfodol agos. of our sea and coast. We link land and sea and employ Byddwn yn cysylltu tir a môr ac yn defnyddio amrywiaeth a variety of techniques and methods to study some of o dechnegau a dulliau i astudio rhai o leoliadau arfordirol the most iconic coastal locations in Ireland and Wales. mwyaf eiconig Cymru ac Iwerddon, er enghraifft, sganio These range from terrestrial and aerial laser scanning, laser ar y ddaear ac o’r awyr, arolygon geoffisegol, mapio geophysical survey and seabed mapping, through gwely’r môr, samplu palaeoamgylcheddol, cloddiadau, a to palaeoenvironmental sampling, excavation and monitro llongddrylliadau. shipwreck monitoring.

Arolwg morol o’r SS Marine survey of the SS Manchester Merchant. Manchester Merchant. In Ym mis Ionawr 1903, tra January 1903, while en oedd yr SS Manchester route from New Orleans Merchant yn teithio o to Manchester, the cargo New Orleans i Fanceinion, of the SS Manchester credir i’w chargo o 13,000 Merchant – which included pelen o gotwm, 100 13,000 bales of cotton, casgen o dyrpant, sebon, 100 barrels of turpentine, pinwydden byg a grawn soap, pitch pine and gynnau ohono’i hun. grain – is thought to have Ceisiodd y llong loches ym spontaneously ignited. Mae Dingle ac angorodd The vessel sought refuge ger y fynedfa i Harbwr in Dingle Bay and dropped Castlemaine. Dihangodd anchor near the entrance y rhan fwyaf o’r criw yn y to Castlemaine Harbour. badau achub, gan adael Most of the crew took y capten ac ychydig o to the lifeboats leaving aelodau’r criw i sgytlo’r the master and a handful llong mewn dŵr bas ar 15 of crew to scuttle ship Ionawr. Ni chollodd neb in shallow water on 15 ei fywyd. January. There was no loss of life. 5

Yn ystod blwyddyn gyntaf y prosiect buom yn gweithio’n galed During our first year of the project we worked hard with gydag asiantaethau, rhanddeiliaid, tirfeddianwyr a grwpiau agencies, stakeholders, landowners and local groups to finalise lleol i benderfynu ar yr ardaloedd y byddai’r ddwy wlad yn eu our joint-nation working areas. These have been selected on hastudio. Dewiswyd y rhain ar sail bylchau mewn gwybodaeth the basis of knowledge and data gaps (particularly islands a data (yn enwedig ynysoedd a phentiroedd anghysbell), and remote headlands), priority areas of erosion risk or where ardaloedd blaenoriaethol lle mae perygl o erydiad, neu lle mae there is potential to collaborate on survey work. Visit the potensial ar gyfer gwneud gwaith arolygu ar y cyd. Ewch i’r ‘Activities’ section of our project website for a clickable map adran ‘Gweithgareddau’ ar wefan y prosiect i gyrchu map y where you can learn more about each study area. gallwch glicio arno i ddysgu mwy am bob ardal astudio.

Ymagwedd integredig at arolygu ar y tir ac o dan y An integrated approach to survey on land and under the sea. môr. Y graffigyn hwn sy’n disgrifio orau yr ymagwedd This graphic best describes the multidisciplinary approach amlddisgyblaethol at gofnodi arfordirol ac arforol a to coastal and maritime recording that CHERISH employs in ddefnyddir gan CHERISH yng Nghymru ac Iwerddon. Wales and Ireland. 6 UCHAFBWYNTIAU MEHEFIN–RHAGFYR 2019 HIGHLIGHTS JUNE–DECEMBER 2019

Arolwg geoffisegol ar draethau Bull Island, Swydd Dulyn. Sylwch ar y teiars llydan arbennig ar gyfer gweithio ar y tywod gwlyb. Geophysical survey underway on the beaches of Bull Island, County Dublin. Note the special wide tyres to cope with the wet sand. 7

CASGLU DATA O’R AWYR, AR Y MÔR AC AR Y TIR / DATA GATHERING FROM THE AIR, ON SEA AND LAND

Prif sail y Prosiect CHERISH yw gweithio ar y cyd, gan The CHERISH project is all about joint working, gyfuno sgiliau ac arbenigedd y pedwar partner i weithio combining the skills and expertise of the four partners fel un Tîm Arolygu CHERISH. Caiff technegau arolygu eu to work as a single CHERISH Survey Team. It’s also about cyfuno yn yr ardaloedd astudio hefyd, gan ddefnyddio combining survey techniques in our study areas, using a dull ‘pecyn offer’ i ymdrin â phob agwedd ar bob safle – ‘toolkit’ approach to tackle a site from every angle – the ni waeth pa mor anodd ac anghysbell ydynt! more difficult and remote the better!

Bu chwe mis olaf 2019 yn gyfnod prysur iawn i staff The last six months of 2019 were very busy with CHERISH y Prosiect CHERISH. Parhaodd staff y pedwar partner staff across all four partner organisations continuing i gasglu data monitro man cychwyn o’r tir, yr awyr a’r to gather baseline monitoring data from the land, air môr, ac i gyfarfod a gweithio gyda pherchenogion tir, and sea as well as continuing to meet and work with rhanddeiliaid, gwirfoddolwyr, a myfyrwyr i symud y landowners, stakeholders, volunteers and students to prosiect yn ei flaen. continue moving the project forward.

Ar 17 Gorffennaf, ymunodd aelodau bwrdd y Rhaglen Ddarganfod â staff ar ymweliad â dwy ardal astudio CHERISH, sef anheddiad canoloesol Clonmines a mwnt Glascarrig, y ddau yn Swydd Wexford. On 17 July members of the Discovery Programme board joined staff on a visit to two CHERISH study areas, Clonmines deserted medieval settlement and Glascarrig motte, both in County Wexford. 8

Gweld o dan y Pridd – Arolygon Geoffisegol Seeing Beneath the Soil – Geophysical Surveys

Mae defnyddio technegau geoffisegol i ddarganfod The use of geophysical techniques to discover new nodweddion archaeolegol newydd yn parhau’n rhan archaeology continues to be an important part of our bwysig o’n hymchwil ac yn fodd i ddeall ein safleoedd research, dramatically improving our understanding astudio’n llawer gwell. Ers y newyddlen ddiwethaf, of our study sites. Since the last newsletter we have rydym wedi ymdrechu i gyflawni cymaint â phosibl stepped up our efforts by pushing our magnetometry mewn amgylcheddau arfordirol heriol drwy wthio ein cart to the edge (sometimes literally!) in seeing what cert magnetometreg i’r eithaf (ac i’r dibyn weithiau!). can be achieved in challenging coastal environments.

Un o lwyddiannau mawr y cyfnod hwn oedd y gwaith One of the major success stories this time around a gwblhawyd yng nghaerau pentir Woodstown, was the work completed at Woodstown, Ballynarrid Ballynarrid a Dunabrattin ar yr Arfordir Copr yn Swydd and Dunabrattin promontory forts situated along Wexford. Yn Woodstown a Ballynarrid, defnyddiwyd the Copper Coast in County Wexford. At Woodstown y gert ar dir y tu allan i’r caerau gan fod llawer o’u tu and Ballynarrid the magnetometry cart was deployed mewn yn anhygyrch oherwydd llystyfiant ac erydiad. in land outside the forts as much of their interiors Roedd tu mewn caer Dunabrattin yn fwy hygyrch a were inaccessible due to vegetation and dangerous chasglwyd data gwych o ganlyniad. Daethpwyd o amounts of erosion. The interior of Dunabrattin hyd i nodweddion megis ffosydd a chyfundrefnau fort was more accessible and some great data was caeau hanesyddol na ellir eu gweld ar yr wyneb. Mae’r collected as a result. Some of the results indicate rhain yn cael eu dadansoddi ymhellach er mwyn eu features such as historic ditches and field systems not dehongli. visible on the surface – further analysis is underway to interpret the results.

Tîm CHERISH yn cynnal arolwg ar gaer bentir yn Swydd Waterford. Mae’r ddelwedd hon yn cyfleu i’r dim natur The CHERISH team surveying a ansicr gweithio yn y promontory fort in County Waterford. maes lle bu’n rhaid i This image epitomises the unpredictable ni reoli uned System nature of working in the field where we Llywio Lloeren had to carefully manage a particularly Fyd-Eang (GNSS) sensitive Global Navigation Satellite arbennig o sensitif! System (GNSS) unit. 9

Gwasanaethau SUMO yn cynnal arolwg Radar Treiddio’r SUMO Services carrying out a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Ddaear (GPR) yn Ninas Dinlle ar ran CHERISH. survey at Dinas Dinlle on behalf of CHERISH.

Buom hefyd yn brysur yn defnyddio geoffiseg i arolygu CHERISH have also been busy using geophysics to survey llongddrylliadau wedi’u claddu ar Bull Island, Swydd buried shipwrecks on the beaches of Bull Island, County Dulyn, y tro cyntaf i ni wneud hynny. Y nod yma oedd Dublin in what was a first for the project. The aim here mapio amlinell llongddrylliad sydd wedi’i gladdu dan was to map the outline of an elusive shipwreck buried dywod yn y parth rhynglanw. Mae’r llongddrylliad by sand in the intertidal zone. The nameless shipwreck is dienw mewn cwmni da, gan fod sawl llongddrylliad in good company, with several other known shipwrecks hysbys yn gorwedd o dan yr wyneb ar draethau’r ynys preserved within the island’s beaches, evident from the – mae’r preniau niferus sydd wedi’u golchi i’r lan dros numerous timbers that have washed ashore in previous y blynyddoedd yn brawf o hynny. Roedd yr arolwg years. The survey was a success and from it the team yn llwyddiant ac roedd y tîm yn gallu ei ddefnyddio were able to map the outline of the wreck through i fapio amlinell y llongddrylliad drwy ddefnyddio geophysics alone. This achievement illustrates that technegau geoffiseg yn unig. Mae hyn yn dangos bod magnetometry can be used successfully to identify and modd defnyddio magnetometreg yn llwyddiannus map buried shipwreck sites in intertidal zones. i ddarganfod a mapio safleoedd llongddrylliadau claddedig mewn parthau rhynglanw. Geophysical surveys have also continued in Wales, with the most recent work seeing a return to the prehistoric Mae arolygon geoffisegol wedi parhau yng Nghymru coastal fort of Dinas Dinlle in Gwynedd. After the hefyd. Buom yn gweithio eto yng nghaer arfordirol discovery of a substantial stone-built roundhouse during gynhanesyddol Dinas Dinlle yng Ngwynedd. Ar the summer excavations (see CHERISH in Focus section) it ôl darganfod tŷ crwn sylweddol o gerrig yn ystod was decided that further geophysical work may well lead cloddiadau’r haf (gweler yr adran ‘CHERISH dan y to the discovery of further structures. The technique of Chwyddwydr’), roeddem yn ffyddiog y gallai gwaith choice was Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), chosen due geoffisegol pellach arwain at ddarganfod mwy o to its effectiveness at identifying built structures in loose adeiladweithiau. Y dechneg a ddewiswyd oedd Radar sediments such as sand and for providing the depth to Treiddio’r Ddaear (GPR) gan ei bod yn ffordd effeithiol o features. The survey was completed at the beginning adnabod adeiladweithiau adeiledig mewn gwaddodion of December by SUMO Services Ltd. and preliminary llac fel tywod a darganfod eu dyfnder o dan y ddaear. results are extremely exciting with additional structures, Cwblhawyd yr arolwg ar ddechrau Rhagfyr gan SUMO potentially similar to the one uncovered during the Services Ltd ac mae’r canlyniadau cychwynnol yn excavation identified. Thorough analysis of the results is addawol iawn gan fod adeiladweithiau tebyg i’r un a currently in progress. ddadorchuddiwyd yn ystod y cloddiad wedi’u nodi. Mae’r canlyniadau’n cael eu dadansoddi ar hyn o bryd. 10

Ail-greu Amgylcheddau’r Gorffennol Recreating Past Environments

Mae gwaith i ddarganfod sut yr oedd ein tirweddau a’n Work to understand how our landscapes and hamgylcheddau yn edrych yn y gorffennol a sut maen environments may have existed and changed in the nhw wedi newid yn hollbwysig o ran deall sut mae past is crucial to understanding how climate change is newid hinsawdd yn effeithio arnom heddiw. Felly, i’r affecting us in the present. In order to achieve this, the perwyl hwn, bu’r tîm o Brifysgol Aberystwyth yn prosesu team from Aberystwyth University have spent recent samplau ymoleuedd, gan gyfrif diatomau a phaill a months processing luminescence samples, counting gasglwyd yn ystod dwy flynedd ddiwethaf y prosiect. diatoms and pollen collected over the last two years Buont yn brysur hefyd yn catalogio’r metrau lawer o of the project. They have also been busy cataloguing greiddiau a dyllwyd yn ne-orllewin Iwerddon a Chymru the many metres of cores that were recovered from yn gynharach yn yr haf. southwest Ireland and Wales earlier in the summer.

Defnyddiwyd prosesau eithafol i ddarganfod cyfrinachau Peat samples from Castlemartin Corse have been geocemegol samplau mawn o Castlemartin Corse: subjected to some punishing treatment to see what gwresogi i 1000°C a berwi mewn asid nitrig a hydrogen geochemical secrets they hold. Heating to 1000°C and perocsid yw dwy yn unig o’r triniaethau a ddewiswyd boiling in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide are just i chwilio am dystiolaeth gemegol o stormydd yn y some of the treatments they have been subjected to in gwaddodion. order to look for chemical evidence of storms that may be trapped within the sediments. Mae’r tîm wedi parhau â’i waith ar Ynys Môn a bu’n edrych ar ddilyniannau diatom yn Llyn Maelog i’r The team have been continuing their work on Anglesey dwyrain o Rosneigr. Mae’r cofnod diatom yma yn dangos looking at diatom sequences at Llyn Maelog situated just yn glir i’r môr foddi’r llyn dŵr croyw hwn tua 7,500 o to the east of Rhosneigr. The diatom record here clearly flynyddoedd yn ôl, gan ei newid yn amgylchedd morol shows that around 7,500 years ago the sea inundated this am 500 mlynedd o leiaf. Mae’r gwaith yn y fan hyn yn fresh-water lake, switching it to a marine environment parhau a bwriadwn wneud mwy o waith maes yn ystod for at least 500 years. Our work here is ongoing and we gwanwyn 2020 i’n helpu i ddeall y cyfnod hwn o newid have more fieldwork pencilled in for spring 2020, to help amgylcheddol arfordirol yn well. us better understand this important period of coastal environmental change. Yn ogystal, mae gwaith i ddyddio dyddodi tywod ar hyd arfordiroedd Môn a Gogledd Cymru’n parhau. Work to date on the deposition of sand along the coasts Yn ôl y canlyniadau cychwynnol, bu cyfnodau niferus of Anglesey and North Wales also continues. Preliminary a gwahanol o ddyddodi o’r Oes Haearn Gynnar hyd results suggest multiple and distinct phases of activity y Cyfnod Brythonaidd-Rufeinig, ac ymhell i mewn from the Early Iron Age, through the Romano-British i’r Cyfnod Canoloesol Diweddar. Mae gennym fwy o period, and well into the Late Mediaeval Period. We have samplau i’w dadansoddi, a more samples to analyse, which gobeithiwn y bydd y canlyniadau we hope will be available in the ar gael yn weddol gynnar yn early part of 2020, but we are 2020, ond mae darlun diddorol building an intriguing picture of iawn o symudiad tywod ar hyd yr sand movement along the coast arfordir dros amser yn datblygu. through time.

Gwresogi samplau o fawn o Heating samples from Castlemartin Castlemartin Corse i 1000°C i fesur Corse to 1000°C to measure the faint o garbon sy’n bresennol. amount of carbon present. 11

Modelu 3D Oddi Uchod – Arolygon Drôn 3D Modelling from Above – UAV Survey

Bu’r tîm yn brysur eto yn defnyddio dronau (UAVs) i As ever, the team has been busy with our UAVs gasglu data 3D am safleoedd a thirweddau arfordirol continuing to collect 3D data for threatened coastal sites sydd dan fygythiad. Gan fod y Prosiect CHERISH wedi bod and landscapes. As we’re now three years into CHERISH ar waith ers tair blynedd bellach, rydym hefyd wedi gallu we have also been able to re-fly several of our sites to hedfan dros sawl safle yr eilwaith a chofnodi unrhyw check for changes caused by coastal and terrestrial newidiadau a achoswyd gan erydiad arfordirol a daearol. erosion.

Cynhaliodd y tîm arolygon drôn cyntaf y tymor (pan The team started the UAV survey season (when the oedd y tywydd yn braf!) yn Swydd Dulyn ac ardaloedd weather was good!) with a trip to County Dublin and arfordirol Drumanagh a Rush lle defnyddiwyd dronau the coastal areas around Drumanagh and Rush where adain-sefydlog ac aml-rotor i gasglu data am yr arfordir we used both fixed-wing and multi-rotor UAVs to gerllaw. Drwy ddefnyddio dwy system ddrôn, roedd yn collect data for the nearby coastline. The use of the bosibl sicrhau rheolaeth gadarn mewn ardaloedd trefol, two UAV systems ensured tight coverage around urban gan ufuddhau i reoliadau’r areas, safely maintaining IAA. Y bwriad gwreiddiol oedd IAA regulations. Originally, arolygu moryd Rogerstown, Rogerstown estuary was going ond ailystyriwyd y penderfyniad to be surveyed, but due to the hwnnw oherwydd yr effaith potential negative impacts negyddol bosibl ar adar a oedd on nesting birds this was yn nythu yno. Yn lle hynny, reconsidered. Instead, contact cysylltwyd â Chyngor Sir Fingal was made with Fingal County a roddodd ddata drôn i ni yr Council, who generously oedd wedi’i gomisiynu yn 2018 provided CHERISH with UAV a 2019. Diolchwn yn fawr i’r data previously commissioned Tirwedd arlliwiedig luosog y pentir yn Drumanagh, Cyngor am ei barodrwydd i Swydd Dulyn wedi’i chynhyrchu o arolwg drôn. in 2018 and 2019. helpu. Multiple shaded relief of the headland at Drumanagh, County Dublin generated from UAV survey.

Arolwg drôn o’r lloc amddiffynnol pen-clogwyn yn Killincooley Beg, Swydd Wexford. UAV survey of the threatened cliff top defended enclosure at Killincooley Beg, County Wexford. 12

Ym mis Medi fe symudodd y tîm i’r de i Fae Dulyn er September saw the team move south to Dublin Bay in mwyn creu model digidol manwl gywir i wella ein order to create an accurate digital model to enhance our dealltwriaeth o’r gwaddod sy’n cael ei gludo o fewn yr understanding of sediment transported in and around amgylchedd pwysig hwn ac o’i amgylch. Dechreuwyd this important environment. Work started on the south y gwaith yn y de, gan symud i’r gogledd pan oedd yr of the bay, moving north as tidal and weather conditions amodau llanw a thywydd yn caniatáu. Ar ôl prosesu’r allowed. Once processed, this will provide contextual data a gasglwyd, bydd gennym wybodaeth gyd-destunol information for the onshore CHERISH work at Bull Island ar gyfer ein gwaith CHERISH atraeth yn Bull Island a bydd and will also be an important base-level dataset for the hefyd yn set ddata lefel-sylfaen ddefnyddiol ar gyfer holl multiple stakeholders of Dublin Bay. randdeiliaid Bae Dulyn.

Data dros dro o Fae Dulyn, gyda lefel ddŵr wedi’i modelu o Provisional data from Dublin Bay, with modelled water level of 0.5m yn dangos y rhwydwaith presennol o gilfachellau. 0.5 metres highlighting existing creek network.

Parhaodd ein hediadau yn ystod misoedd y gaeaf ar Flights continued into the winter months along the hyd arfordir dwyreiniol Iwerddon lle roedd y tîm yn east coast of Ireland where the team were able to take gallu manteisio ar ddiwrnod llonydd a sych prin ym mis advantage of a rare calm, rain-free day in December at Rhagfyr ar safle ger Rosslare. Rydym wedi casglu data a site near Rosslare. Data has been collected at the site o’r safle hwn bob blwyddyn ers 2017 er mwyn monitro annually since 2017 to monitor changes in the elevation newidiadau yn uchder y parth rhynglanw dynamig. of a dynamic intertidal zone. These surveys have found Darganfuwyd newidiadau mewn uchder o hyd at 4m changes in elevation of up to 4 metres occurring during yn ystod y cyfnod hwn. Roedd pobl leol wedi sylwi ar y this period. This sort of dramatic change has been newid dramatig hwn ymhell cyn i’n harolygon ddechrau. observed by locals long before our surveys began. A local Roedd un ffermwr yn cofio torri gwair pan oedd yn farmer who operates in the area remembers cutting hay blentyn mewn cae sydd wedi diflannu erbyn hyn. as a child in a field which has since disappeared. He also Hefyd, daeth â map o’r 1930au i ni ei weld sy’n dangos showed us a map from the 1930s which shows a third trydydd cae nad yw’n bodoli bellach. Dyma brawf o field that no longer exists, testament to how dynamic this natur ddynamig a bregus y dirwedd hon. Hefyd cawsom landscape is, and its fragility. We were also accompanied gwmni’r ‘gath arolwg’ leol yn y maes a gobeithiwn nad yw in the field by the local ‘survey cat’, which hopefully hasn’t wedi effeithio’n ormodol ar ein mesuriadau GNSS! thrown off our GNSS measurements too much! 13

Newidiadau ym mharth rhynglanw Rosslare. Mae arolygon Changes in the Rosslare intertidal zone. UAV surveys between drôn rhwng 2017 a 2018 yn dangos newidiadau mewn uchder 2017 and 2018 show changes in elevation of up to 4 metres o hyd at 4 metr (yr ardaloedd mewn coch). (areas coloured red).

Y ‘gath arolwg’ yn cymryd diddordeb yn ein cyfarpar. ‘Survey cat’ taking an interest in our equipment. 14

Arolygu o dan y Tonnau Surveying Beneath the Waves

Parhaodd arolygon morol CHERISH ym mis Gorffennaf. In July, the CHERISH marine surveys continued with Bu’r RV Keary yn gweithio yn nyfroedd Cymru, gydag the deployment of the RV Keary to Welsh waters, with Agust Magnusson yn gapten, Padraig Cronin yn Agust Magnusson as skipper, Padraig Cronin as surveyor dirfesurydd a James Barry yn Gydlynydd yr Arolwg. and James Barry as Party Chief. They sailed from Howth Hwyliasant o Howth i Fae Ceredigion i ddechrau’r over to Cardigan Bay to start the multibeam survey arolwg amlbaladr o gwmpas riff enwog Sarn Padrig. around the renowned reef of Sarn Padrig. The nearshore Cafodd y rhan o’r riff bas enigmataidd hwn sydd agosaf section of this enigmatic shallow reef, along with the at y lan, ynghyd â llongddrylliad The Diamond, eu wreck The Diamond, were surveyed in very challenging harolygu mewn amodau heriol iawn. Gan fod y riff mor conditions. Given the shallowness of the reef, the vessel fas, rhannodd y llong ei hamser rhwng gweithio yn yr split its time moving to deeper water regions around St ardaloedd dyfnach o amgylch Tudwal’s Islands during low tide Ynysoedd Tudwal yn ystod llanw conditions and returning to Sarn isel a dychwelyd i Sarn Padrig Padrig as the waters rose. In the wrth i’r dyfroedd godi. Yn ystod second week of surveying, the ail wythnos o arolygu, symudodd vessel moved to Victoria Dock y llong i Ddoc Victoria yng in Caernarfon to survey around Nghaernarfon i wneud arolygon the sites of Rhosneigr and Dinas yng nghyffiniau Rhosneigr a Dinlle, extending bathymetric Dinas Dinlle, gan ymestyn yr coverage closer onshore to join ymdriniaeth fathymetrig yn nes up with UAV data due to be at y lan fel y gellid cyfuno’r data collected in the future during Data amlbaladr a gasglwyd dros Sarn Padrig wedi’i a gasglwyd â data drôn a gâi ei osod ar ben Siart Môr y Morlys o’r ardal. low tide conditions. gasglu yn y dyfodol ar adegau Multibeam data acquisition over Sarn Padrig pan fyddai’r llanw yn isel. overlying Admiralty Nautical Chart of the region.

Draw yn Iwerddon, defnyddiwyd yr RV Keary eto i Over in Ireland the RV Keary was again deployed to ailarolygu’r SS Manchester Merchant ym mis Awst. Roedd resurvey the SS Manchester Merchant in August. This yr arolwg amlbaladr hwn yn rhan o ymagwedd integredig multibeam survey formed part of an integrated approach a fabwysiadwyd i geisio deall stormusrwydd ym Mae to understanding storminess in Dingle Bay, County Kerry. Dingle, Swydd Kerry. Cyfunwyd estyn data bathymetreg â This approach combined extending bathymetry data data drôn CHERISH i fapio sawl safle arfordirol hanesyddol with CHERISH UAV data to map several historic coastal megis Caer Bentir Dunbeg a Chastell Ferriter. Cawsai’r sites such as Dunbeg Promontory Fort and Ferriter’s ardal ei harolygu o’r blaen gan y Celtic Voyager fel rhan Castle. The area was previously surveyed by the Celtic o’r rhaglen INFOMAR yn 2009 a phan gymherir y ddau Voyager as part of the INFOMAR programme in 2009 and arolwg gwelir sut mae stormydd ar arfordir de-orllewinol comparison of the two surveys reveals how the impact Iwerddon yn effeithio ar adeileddau a nodweddion ar of storms on the southwest coast of Ireland affects not wely’r môr yn ogystal ag ar yr arfordir. O edrych ar y only our coastline but also structures and features on the gwahaniaeth mewn uchder, gwelwn newid o hyd at 0.5m seafloor. Looking at the difference in elevation, we see up ym mlaen a starn y llongddrylliad, lle mae cyflymderau to 0.5 metres change at the bow and stern of the vessel, cerhyntau tanddwr yn fwyaf tebygol o gael eu newid where underwater current velocities are most likely to be wrth iddynt ryngweithio â’r llong. Gwelwn hefyd newid o altered as they interact with the vessel. We also see up hyd at 2m o ran uchder yng nghanol y llongddrylliad, lle to 2 metres elevation change in the centre of the wreck mae’r boeleri, wrth i’r rhain chwalu mewn ymateb i rym y (boilers), as these break down in response to wave and tonnau a’r stormydd. storm action. 15

Arolygon o’r SS Manchester Merchant: gwahaniaeth mewn Elevation difference of the SS Manchester Merchant surveys uchder rhwng arolygon môr 2009 a 2019. Graddfa 0-1m. between the 2009 and 2019 maritime surveys. Scale is 0-1 metre.

Gwales, yr ynys enigmataidd The enigmatic Grassholm Island

Gan fanteisio ar fôr llonydd a thywydd teg ganol mis Calm seas and good weather in mid-October allowed Hydref, aeth y tîm ar daith i ynys Gwales sy’n gorwedd the CHERISH team to visit Grassholm Island which lies 15 cilometr i’r gorllewin o benrhyn Marloes yn ne Sir 15 kilometres west of the Marloes peninsula in south Benfro. Ynys anghyfannedd, anghysbell ac agored iawn Pembrokeshire. This is an uninhabited, remote and yw hon, a moroedd anodd a garw o’i chwmpas, ac er exposed island, surrounded by difficult and turbulent ei bod yn fach – prin 400m ar draws – ceir yma olion seas, and although it is small – barely 400 metres across tai crwn cerrig, llwyfannau adeiladau a llociau caeau – is home to the remains of stone-built round houses, sy’n dyddio o’r oesoedd cynharaf hyd at gyfnod mwy building platforms and field enclosures dating from diweddar. Yr RSPB yw perchennog yr ynys ac mae’n prehistoric to more recent times. The island is owned by gartref i’r drydedd nythfa fwyaf yn y DU o huganod the RSPB and is home to the third largest Atlantic gannet Iwerydd, sef rhyw 40,000 o barau bridio, oddeutu saith colony in the UK supporting seven percent of the world’s y cant o holl boblogaeth y byd. Mae hyn yn golygu population, around 40,000 pairs. This means that the y bu cryn darfu ar wyneb y ddaear a’r archaeoleg. Ni ground surface and archaeology is heavily disturbed. chaniateir i’r cyhoedd lanio ar yr ynys ac rydym yn Public landing on the island is not permitted and we are ddiolchgar i’r RSPB am roi caniatâd i ni wneud ein extremely grateful for permission from the RSPB to carry gwaith yma. out our work here. 16

Y tîm yn cychwyn am ynys Gwales o St Justinians yn nwylo diogel Venture Jet, ac ar yr ynys gyda Puffty a’i ffrind! The team setting off for Grassholm Island from St Justinians in the safe hands of Venture Jet, and on the Island with Puffty and her friend! Gan fod hwn yn gyfle prin i ymweld â’r ynys, aethom As this was a rare opportunity to visit the island we ati i wneud cymaint o waith â phosibl! Drwy weithio attempted to fit in as much as possible. By working in mewn partneriaeth â phrosiect Seabird Watch Prifysgol partnership with Oxford University’s Seabird Watch Rhydychen a’r RSPB roeddem yn gallu casglu data 3D am project and the RSPB, we were able to collect 3D data of yr ynys gyfan a’i harchaeoleg weladwy drwy ddefnyddio the whole island and its visible archaeology using a UAV drôn yn ogystal â chloddio un o’r tai crwn cerrig. Bydd as well as excavating one of the stone roundhouses. The y data a gasglwyd gan y drôn yn ein helpu i fapio a UAV data provided will assist us in accurately mapping monitro’r nodweddion archaeolegol sydd i’w gweld ar yr and monitoring archaeology visible on the surface, at wyneb, sydd mewn perygl oddi wrth yr adar sy’n nythu risk from both the nesting gannets and from the weather yno a’r systemau tywydd sy’n taro’r ynys ddigysgod hon. systems that hit this exposed island.

Delwedd ddrôn fertigol o adeiladwaith cerrig a therfynau Vertical UAV image of a stone-built structure and associated caeau cysylltiedig ar ynys Gwales. Gellir hefyd weld yr erydiad field boundaries on Grassholm Island. Also visible is the erosion sy’n cael ei achosi gan yr adar sy’n araf feddiannu ardaloedd being caused by the nesting gannets slowly colonising the glaswelltog yr ynys. Drwy gwrteisi Ignacio Juarez-Martinez a grassy areas of the island. Courtesy of Ignacio Juarez-Martinez Grŵp Ecoleg Begynol Prifysgol Rhydychen. and Polar Ecology Group from the University of Oxford. 17

Ymgymerwyd â chloddiad bach ar draws mur un o A small-scale excavation was carried out across a wall adeiladweithiau cerrig yr ynys er mwyn ei nodweddu of one of the island’s stone structures to characterise a’i ddyddio. Dechreuwyd dinoethi wynebau mewnol and date it. Progress was made in exposing the inner ac allanol y mur a darganfuwyd ei fod mewn cyflwr da, and outer faces of the wall which was shown to be yn sylweddol ac wedi’i adeiladu’n ofalus. Yn anffodus, well preserved, substantial and carefully constructed. cyraeddasom haen braidd yn anhyfryd o gwano (baw Unfortunately, due to hitting a layer of rather unpleasant adar) a’r lefel trwythiad, ac ni allem gloddio’n ddyfnach a gannet guano and the water table, we were unable to go dadorchuddio mwy o’r mur na’r llawr. Felly nid oeddem any deeper and expose more of the wall or floor surface. chwaith yn gallu casglu unrhyw dystiolaeth ar gyfer This also meant that we were unable to recover any dyddio’r adeiladwaith. Sut bynnag, mae’r gwaith hwn evidence for dating the structure. However, this work has wedi dangos bod y nodweddion archaeolegol mewn revealed that the archaeology was better preserved than cyflwr gwell nag a dybiwyd – roedd y muriau o leiaf 0.8 previously thought, the walls were at least 0.8 metres metr o uchder – ac mae’r baw adar a ollyngwyd arnynt high, and that the archaeology has actually been buried dros flynyddoedd maith o nythu wedi’u claddu i bob by guano deposited over generations of nesting gannets, pwrpas gan ddiogelu’r gwaith cerrig yn effeithiol iawn. effectively protecting the stonework.

Louise yn cloddio agen werthuso ar draws mur cerrig ar ynys Louise excavating an evaluation slot across a wall of a stone Gwales. Dadorchuddiwyd rhan o’r wyneb allanol a mewnol structure on Grassholm Island. Part of the exterior and interior ond rhoddwyd y gorau i’r gwaith ar ôl cyrraedd haen ffiaidd o facing was revealed; however, work was halted after hitting a faw adar. rather gruesome layer of gannet guano. 18

YMGYSYLLTU / ENGAGEMENT

Mae ymgysylltu â’r cyhoedd yn agwedd bwysig iawn Public engagement is a large part of the CHERISH ar y Prosiect CHERISH, ac yn ystod yr haf a’r hydref 2019 project, and the summer and autumn of 2019 saw a cynhaliwyd nifer o sgyrsiau a digwyddiadau a fynychwyd number of CHERISH talks and events during which gan fwy na 1700 o bobl. Mae proffil a chyrhaeddiad y we engaged with over 1700 people. The social media Prosiect CHERISH ar gyfryngau cymdeithasol yn parhau profile and reach of the CHERISH project continues i dyfu ac rydym bron wedi cyrraedd 1750 o ddilynwyr. to grow and we are closing in on 1750 followers, with Mae postiadau’n parhau i gynyddu ac wedi cyrraedd dros post reaches in excess of 580,000. Here are some of 580,000. Dyma rai o’r uchafbwyntiau. our highlights:

I ddathlu hanes morwrol arbennig Wexford, ac i dynnu To celebrate Wexford’s long and rich seafaring sylw at y gwaith rydym yn ei wneud yn y sir, roedd gan history, and to highlight the work we are doing in the CHERISH stondin yng Ngŵyl Môr Wexford ar county, CHERISH had a stand at the Wexford Maritime 29-30 Mehefin 2019. Ochr yn ochr â’r pentref model, y Festival on 29-30 June 2019. In amongst the model Llychlynwyr milain a’r gerddoriaeth fyw, dangosodd y village, marauding Vikings and live music, we had cyhoedd ddiddordeb mawr yn ein stondin a’r gwaith great interest from the public about the archaeology archaeolegol ac arolygu rydym yn ei wneud. Erydiad and marine surveying we’re doing in the county. arfordirol oedd y pwnc llosg i lawr yn haul braf y de- Coastal erosion was the hot topic down in the sunny ddwyrain. southeast.

Ym mis Gorffennaf, roedd yr holl sylw ar Gyngres yr In July, all focus was on the International Union of Undeb Rhyngwladol Ymchwil Cwaternaidd (INQUA) yn Quaternary Research (INQUA) Congress in Dublin, Nulyn a fynychwyd gan 2500 o gynadleddwyr. Roedd attended by 2500 delegates. There was a strong turn gan CHERISH gynrychiolaeth gref yno a rhoddodd out from CHERISH who gave three presentations, 3 chyflwyniad, arddangosodd 2 boster a threfnodd exhibited two posters and organised a full day session sesiwn lawn yn yr awditoriwm ar ‘Linking land and sea – in the auditorium on ‘Linking land and sea – multiple multiple approaches to investigating human-environment approaches to investigating human – environment interactions in the coastal zone’. interactions in the coastal zone’.

Kieran Craven yn cadeirio’r Kieran Craven chairing sesiwn CHERISH a drefnodd the CHERISH session he gydag un o’i gydweithwyr organised with CHERISH CHERISH, Sarah Davies o colleague Sarah Davies of Brifysgol Aberystwyth, yn Aberystwyth University at INQUA 2019. INQUA 2019. 19

Yn ystod Wythnos Treftadaeth, 17-25 Awst, buom yn Heritage week came around quickly from 17-25 August, gysylltiedig â dau ddigwyddiad. Y cyntaf oedd menter with two events in Ireland. The first was a collaboration gydweithredol rhwng CHERISH a CoastWatch a roddodd between CHERISH and CoastWatch and saw 15 people gyfle i 15 o bobl brofi daeareg, diwylliant a threftadaeth experiencing the geology, culture and heritage of Ireland’s Eye, wedi’i gyfuno ag ymgyrch glanhau traeth Ireland’s Eye, combined with a beach-clean and learning a dysgu am hirbarhad plastigion ac effaith ‘wet wipes’ about the pervasiveness of plastics and the impacts a ‘cotton buds’ ar ein hamgylchedd arfordirol. Gan y wet wipes and cotton buds are having on our coastal bu’r diwrnod yn gymaint o lwyddiant, trefnir mwy o environment. Due to the success of the day more joint ddigwyddiadau ar y cyd ar safleoedd y Prosiect CHERISH events will be arranged at CHERISH project sites such fel Bull Island a Dalkey Island, felly cadwch eich llygaid as Bull Island and Dalkey Island, so keep an eye on the ar agor am ddigwyddiadau yn y dyfodol ar dudalen CHERISH Facebook page and website for forthcoming Facebook a gwefan CHERISH! dates!

Digwyddiad Wythnos Treftadaeth Ireland’s Eye. / Ireland’s Eye Heritage week event.

Yr ail ddigwyddiad oedd diwrnod agored yr RV Keary ym The second heritage week event was the well-attended Marina Dingle. Er gwaethaf y glaw, daeth llif cyson o bobl vessel open day of the RV Keary in Dingle Marina. – mwy na 150 ohonynt – ar fwrdd y llong i ddarganfod Despite the rain, a steady stream of over 150 people mwy am fywyd ar long arolygu. came aboard to experience what life on a survey vessel is all about. Draw yng Nghymru, ar Ddydd Sadwrn 17 Awst, ar ddiwrnod gwyntog ond heulog, daeth mwy na 400 Over in Wales on Saturday 17 August, on a rather o bobl ynghyd ym mhentref glan môr bach Dinas windy but sunny day, over 400 people descended on Dinlle i fwynhau’r diwrnod agored a drefnwyd gan the small coastal village of Dinas Dinlle to attend the CHERISH fel rhan o’n cloddiad tair wythnos o hyd yn y CHERISH open day which formed part of our three- fryngaer. Aeth yr ymwelwyr ar deithiau tywys Cymraeg a week excavation at the hillfort. Visitors were taken on Saesneg i weld y gwaith cloddio yng nghwmni aelodau Welsh and English guided tours of the excavation by o Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Gwynedd a thîm members of the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust and 20

CHERISH, a threfnodd yr Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol the CHERISH team, while the National Trust provided weithgareddau i bobl hen ac ifanc megis adeiladu tai activities for young and old to build round houses crwn tebyg i’r rheiny a oedd wedi’u darganfod yn ystod y similar to those found during the excavation. The gwaith cloddio. Drannoeth, daeth y Clwb Archaeolegwyr following day saw the local Young Archaeologists Club Ifanc lleol a phobl ifanc o’r prosiect Treftadaeth Ddisylw? and young people from the National Lottery Heritage a ariennir gan Gronfa Dreftadaeth y Loteri Genedlaethol Funded Unloved Heritage? project attend the site and i’r safle i ymgymryd â’u cloddiad eu hunain. Roedd y carry out some excavation of their own. The excavation cloddiad yn Ninas Dinlle yn llwyddiant mawr, a denodd was a great success with media coverage stretching as sylw’r cyfryngau mor bell i ffwrdd ag America. far as America.

Rhoddwyd sylw i’r cloddiad yn Ninas Dinlle ar BBC Wales Today. The Dinas Dinlle excavation was featured on BBC Wales Today.

Ymwelwyr ar daith dywys yn ystod y cloddiad ym mryngaer Dinas Dinlle ym mis Awst. Visitors on guided walks during the excavation at Dinas Dinlle hillfort in August.

Gwahoddwyd y tîm CHERISH i ymweld â dwy ysgol The CHERISH team were invited to visit two primary gynradd yn Ne Penfro ym mis Hydref i siarad am Schools in Pembrokeshire in October to talk about Aerial Archaeoleg o’r Awyr fel rhan o fenter Gwarcheidwaid Archaeology as part of the Heritage Guardians initiative Treftadaeth Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro. led by the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. Pupils Mwynhaodd y disgyblion sgyrsiau gan aelodau o’r were treated to talks from CHERISH team members Dan tîm CHERISH, Dan Hunt a Toby Driver, a dysgasant sut Hunt and Toby Driver and learnt how the team use UAVs mae’r tîm yn defnyddio dronau i fonitro ac arolygu to monitor and survey archaeology. nodweddion archaeolegol. 2123

Plant ysgol yn serennu yn eu sesiwn tynnu lluniau eu hunain School children starring in their own photo shoot during an yn ystod prynhawn o Archaeoleg o’r Awyr. Os edrychwch yn afternoon of Aerial Archaeology. If you look carefully the ofalus fe welwch fod y plant yn sillafu’r cyfarchiad ‘Shwmae’! children are spelling out ‘Shwmae’, a Welsh word for Hi!

Ymwelwyd â mwy o ysgolion ym mis Tachwedd, y tro Further school visits took place in November, this time hwn yng Ngogledd Cymru, gan ganolbwyntio ar y in North Wales on the theme of shipwrecks, specifically thema ‘llongddrylliadau’, yn benodol y rheiny sy’n cael those being studied by CHERISH on the Warren beach eu hastudio gennym ar draeth y Warren yn Aber-soch. at Abersoch. Pupils were able to take part in their own Ymgymerodd y disgyblion â’u harolygon eu hunain o wreck surveys, and will hopefully visit the wrecks during longddrylliadau a gobeithir y byddant yn dod i weld our planned event for September 2020 (see our Dates for y llongddrylliadau yn ystod y digwyddiad rydym yn ei your Diary section). drefnu ar gyfer mis Medi 2020 (gweler ‘Dyddiadau ar gyfer eich Dyddiadur’).

Plant ysgol o Bwllheli’n dysgu School children from Pwllheli am longddrylliadau lleol learning about shipwreck ac arolygon arfordirol gan heritage and coastal drone ddronau yng Ngogledd Cymru. survey in North Wales. 22

Parhaodd y tîm CHERISH i ledaenu newyddion am The CHERISH team continue to spread news of our work ein gwaith drwy anfon aelodau o’r tîm i gynhadledd with members of the team attending the European Cymdeithas Archaeolegwyr Ewrop yn y Swistir a Association of Archaeologists conference in Switzerland chynadleddau’n nes at adref yn Abertawe, Caeredin, as well as at conferences closer to home in Swansea, Portsmouth a Blackpool. Edinburgh, Portsmouth and Blackpool.

Cyflwynodd In the stunning CHERISH bapur location of the yng nghynhadledd Winter Gardens Newid Morol Cronfa in Blackpool and Henebion y Byd the grand Baronial a gynhaliwyd yn Hall, CHERISH lleoliad trawiadol presented at the Gerddi Gaeaf a World Monuments Neuadd Farwnol Fund Sea Change Blackpool. conference.

Buom hefyd yn brysur iawn yn rhoi sgyrsiau i grwpiau We’ve also had a full diary of talks to local groups, lleol, cymdeithasau a sefydliadau, gan gynnwys societies and organisations including the Irish Wildlife Ymddiriedolaeth Bywyd Gwyllt Iwerddon yng Trust in Dublin City Centre, the INFOMAR seminar in Nghanolfan Ddinesig Dulyn, y seminar INFOMAR yn Dingle, the Workers Education Association in Llanelli Dingle, Cymdeithas Addysg y Gweithwyr yn Llanelli, a and Coastlands Local History Group in Marloes, Grŵp Hanes Lleol Coastlands ym Marloes, Sir Benfro. I Pembrokeshire. We ended the year giving the Royal gloi’r flwyddyn, rhoddasom ddarlith Nadolig Comisiwn Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monument of Brenhinol Henebion Cymru yn Aberystwyth ‘A story of Wales’ Christmas lecture in Aberystwyth, ‘A story of sand, sand, sea and storms: uncovering the secrets of Dinas Dinlle sea and storms: uncovering the secrets of Dinas Dinlle Hillfort’, sgwrs a gyflwynir eto ym mis Ionawr 2020 yng Hillfort’, a talk that will be repeated in January 2020 at nghanolfan Pontio, Bangor. Pontio, Bangor.

Yn ôl pob golwg fe fydd 2020 yn flwyddyn brysur 2020 looks set to be another busy year with community arall: cynhelir cloddiadau cymunedol yng Nghymru excavations planned in both Wales and Ireland; ac Iwerddon, rhoddir papurau mewn cynadleddau yn conference papers to give in London, Scotland and Llundain, Yr Alban a thramor, a chynhelir digwyddiad overseas; a maritime community event with the Nautical cymunedol gyda’r Gymdeithas Archaeoleg Forwrol (NAS) Archaeology Society (NAS) in Abersoch in September; yn Aber-soch ym mis Medi a chynhadledd ryngwladol and a joint international conference with the NAS in ar y cyd â’r NAS yn Nulyn ym mis Tachwedd. Yn ystod y Dublin in November. 2020 will also see the launch of flwyddyn hefyd fe fydd arddangosfa deithiol CHERISH the CHERISH travelling exhibition which will be touring yn mynd ar daith drwy Iwerddon a Chymru ac mae’n Ireland and Wales, and will no doubt be coming to a siwr y bydd yn dod i leoliad yn eich ardal chi. I gael y location near you. For the latest information on all our wybodaeth ddiweddaraf am ein holl ddigwyddiadau a events, activities and the exhibition, keep an eye on our gweithgareddau, a’r arddangosfa deithiol, cadwch lygad Facebook and webpages. ar ein tudalennau Facebook a gwefan. 23

Cyflwyno neges CHERISH i wahanol gynulleidfaoedd: tafarn yn Nulyn ac ysgol yng nghefn gwlad Penfro. Delivering the CHERISH message to different audiences; a pub in Dublin and a school in rural Pembrokeshire. 24

CHERISH DAN Y CHWYDDWYDR / CHERISH IN FOCUS

Edrychwn yn fanylach yma ar rai agweddau ar CHERISH, gan gynnwys

darganfyddiadau newydd, technegau Ar 17 Awst 2019 daeth mwy na 400 o bobl ynghyd arolygu, safleoedd astudio, a’r tîm. ym mhentref glan môr bach Dinas Dinlle i fwynhau’r diwrnod agored a drefnwyd gan CHERISH fel rhan o’n Providing a more in-depth look at cloddiad tair wythnos o hyd yn y fryngaer. certain aspects of CHERISH, including On 17 August 2019 over 400 people descended on the small coastal village of Dinas Dinlle to attend the new discoveries, survey techniques, CHERISH open day which formed part of our three- study sites, and the team. week excavation at the hillfort. 25

SAFLE ASTUDIO CHERISH: DATGELU CYFRINACHAU CAER ARFORDIROL GYNHANESYDDOL DINAS DINLLE / A CHERISH STUDY SITE: REVEALING THE SECRETS OF DINAS DINLLE PREHISTORIC COASTAL FORT

Mae caer arfordirol gynhanesyddol Dinas Dinlle, sy’n The prehistoric coastal fort of Dinas Dinlle, owned by the eiddo i’r Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol, wedi bod yn National Trust, has dominated the coastline of northwest symbol o rym ar arfordir gogledd-orllewin Gwynedd Gwynedd for over 2,500 years during which it has seen ers 2,500 o flynyddoedd a bu llawer iawn o newid yn considerable change. Climate change has undoubtedly ystod yr amser hwn. Mae newid hinsawdd, yn ddiamau, played a large part in the transformation of the fort and wedi dylanwadu’n fawr ar y gaer a’r tir o’i chwmpas. its surrounding environment, with the growth of sand Mae twyni tywod wedi datblygu i ffurfio Morfa Dinlle dunes forming Morfa Dinlle in the last two thousand yn ystod y ddwy fil o flynyddoedd diwethaf, mae’r years, the reclamation and drying out of the surrounding gwlyptiroedd wedi cael eu hadennill drwy eu sychu i wetlands into modern pasture, and most notably the greu’r borfa sydd yma heddiw, ac mae erydiad arfordirol severe coastal erosion of the hillfort itself. At the centre difrifol yn dinistrio’r fryngaer ei hun. Yng nghanol yr of all this change were the past inhabitants of the fort holl newid hwn oedd y rheiny a fu’n byw yn y gaer yn who would have been acutely aware of their changing y gorffennol a fyddai wedi bod yn ymwybodol iawn landscape and the inevitable consequences that came o’r newid yn y dirwedd a’i ganlyniadau anochel. Fel with it. As an archaeological site, Dinas Dinlle presents us safle archaeolegol, mae Dinas Dinlle yn cynnig cyfle with a special opportunity to uncover the human story, arbennig i ni ddarganfod y stori ddynol, yn enwedig sut most notably how people responded to the challenges yr ymatebodd pobl i heriau byw mewn amgylchedd mor faced in such a formidable and dynamic environment. gyfnewidiol a dynamig. Mae’r heriau hyn yn parhau hyd These challenges continue to this day with climate heddiw pan fo newid hinsawdd ac erydiad yn newid y change and erosion now changing the fort faster than gaer yn gyflymach nag erioed o’r blaen. Wrth i ni golli ever before. As we lose more of the site, we also lose mwy o’r safle, collwn hefyd nodweddion archaeolegol valuable archaeology which is the key to unlocking the gwerthfawr sy’n allweddol i ddatgloi hanes dirgel y gaer hidden story of this iconic fort. This is where CHERISH eiconig hon. Dyma lle mae CHERISH yn camu i mewn. comes in.

Bryngaer Dinas Dinlle dan fygythiad. The eroding Dinas Dinlle hillfort. 26

Bu CHERISH yn ymdrechu’n galed yn ystod y tair blynedd CHERISH has been working hard over the last three ddiwethaf i ddarganfod rhai o gyfrinachau’r gaer, gan years to uncover some of the fort’s secrets by using a ddefnyddio llu o ddulliau rhyngddisgyblaethol ac host of interdisciplinary and innovative approaches. arloesol. Mae’r rhain yn cynnwys manteisio ar dechnoleg This has included using new technology such as newydd fel dronau a sganwyr laser i gasglu data 3D drones and laser scanners to collect highly detailed hynod o fanwl er mwyn monitro erydiad a newid, a 3D data in order to monitor erosion and change defnyddio arolygon geoffisegol i geisio darganfod yr and geophysical survey to provide a clue as to hyn sydd wedi’i gladdu dan ein traed. Ar ôl gwneud what might lie beneath our feet. Following non- ymchwiliadau annistrywiol o’r fath, gellir ystyried invasive investigation, actual excavation could then gwneud cloddiadau go iawn. Ar safle fel hwn sy’n cael ei be considered. On such a highly protected site this warchod mor ofalus mae’n rhaid ceisio caniatâd Cadw, required permission from Cadw, the National Trust yr Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol a Chyfoeth Naturiol and Natural Resources Wales, as well as team training Cymru. Hefyd roedd yn rhaid i’r tîm gael hyfforddiant in roped access. In June this year the CHERISH team mewn defnyddio rhaffau. Ym mis Mehefin eleni found themselves going over the edge of the eroding aeth aelodau’r tîm CHERISH dros y dibyn i archwilio western cliff-face to investigate archaeological nodweddion archaeolegol a daearegol ar wyneb y and geological features exposed by heavy erosion clogwyn gorllewinol a gawsai eu dinoethi gan erydiad during the 2018-19 winter, with the aim of trying to trwm yn ystod gaeaf 2018-19 er mwyn ceisio deall sut y understand how the fort may have been constructed gallai’r gaer fod wedi cael ei hadeiladu a thros ba gyfnod and over what time-scale. Cores were also extracted o amser. Hefyd cafodd creiddiau eu cymryd o gloddiau a from the southern banks and ditches of the fort away ffosydd deheuol y gaer ychydig i ffwrdd o’r ymyl erydol from the eroding edge to assess deposits unaffected fel bod modd astudio dyddodion nad oedd llithrad ac by slumping and erosion. erydiad wedi effeithio arnynt.

Peidiwch ag edrych i lawr! Patrick, Dan a Louise o’r tîm CHERISH yn brwydro ag uchderau a rhaffau i gofnodi nodweddion sy’n erydu. Don’t look down! CHERISH team members Patrick, Dan and Louise battling with heights and ropes to record eroding features. 27

Y ffos amddiffynnol ddeheuol wedi’i dinoethi gan erydiad. The southern defensive ditch exposed by erosion. This image Mae’r llun yn dangos toriad drwy’r ffos ar ôl iddi gael ei shows the ditch section after it was cleaned by hand to reveal glanhau â llaw i ddatgelu’r amryfal haenau o dywod y tu the various sand layers within it. mewn iddi.

Roedd y canlyniadau cychwynnol yn addawol dros ben, Initial results were extremely encouraging, providing gan awgrymu sut y cafodd rhannau o’r fryngaer eu information on how parts of the hillfort were hadeiladu. Mae’n ymddangos na chafodd ffos ddeheuol constructed. The major southern ditch of the hillfort fawr y gaer ei chloddio’n gyfan gwbl gan yr adeiladwyr, appears not to have been entirely ‘dug’ by the builders ond iddynt fanteisio ar nodwedd naturiol a oedd yn bod of the hillfort. Instead they utilised a pre-existing natural eisoes – sianel ddŵr-tawdd rewlifol – a gawsai ei ffurfio feature – a glacial melt-water channel – that formed drwy brosesau hydrolegol cymhleth yn ystod diwedd y through complex hydrological processes during the end cyfnod rhewlifol diwethaf oddeutu 12,000 o flynyddoedd of the last glacial period around 12,000 years ago. Dating yn ôl. Gobeithir y bydd defnyddio dyddio ymoleuedd i some of the buried sand deposits using luminescence ddyddio rhai o’r dyddodion tywod claddedig yn rhoi dating will hopefully shed some light on when the amcan o ba bryd y ffurfiwyd y nodweddion ac a oes features were formed and which, if any, deposits might unrhyw ddyddodion sy’n gysylltiedig â chyfnod y fryngaer. relate to the period of the hillfort.

Ym mis Awst 2019 rhoddwyd ar waith ein rhaglen fwyaf In August 2019 our most ambitious programme of uchelgeisiol o waith maes hyd yn hyn. Dechreuwyd fieldwork of the project so far got underway. A major cloddiad cymunedol mawr, y cyntaf erioed y tu mewn i’r community excavation, the first ever within the hillfort, gaer, gan Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Gwynedd ar ran was begun by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust (GAT) y Prosiect CHERISH a pharhaodd am dair wythnos. Bu for the CHERISH project and ran for three weeks. Some 50 rhyw 50 o wirfoddolwyr o’r gymuned leol yn gweithio volunteers from the local community worked alongside ochr yn ochr â staff YAG a CHERISH i archwilio staff from GAT and CHERISH to explore features within nodweddion y tu mewn ac y tu allan i’r gaer yr oedd yr and outside the fort highlighted on the geophysical arolwg geoffisegol wedi tynnu sylw atynt. survey. 28

Awyrlun yn dangos y ddwy brif ffos y tu mewn i’r fryngaer A passing plane recorded the two main cliff-edge trenches in sydd ar ymyl y clogwyn. Darganfuwyd y tŷ crwn mawr yn y ff theos hillfort’s interior. The large roundhouse was discovered ar y chwith (gogledd). (Hawlfraint: Gwyn a Rhian Parry) in the left-hand (north) trench. (Copyright: Gwyn and Rhian Parry.)

Wrth i’r archaeolegwyr edrych ar y cloddwyr yn tynnu’r As the archaeologists watched the diggers strip away tywarch a’r uwchbridd, daeth yn glir nad oedd popeth the turf and topsoil, it became clear that all was not fel yr oeddynt wedi’i ddisgwyl. Roedd tunelli o dywod as expected. They were faced with tonnes of sand yn gorchuddio’r haenau a nodweddion archaeolegol. overlaying the archaeological layers and features. Roedd y tywod yn fwyaf trwchus yn y ddwy ffos y tu The two trenches within the interior of the fort mewn i’r gaer ac mewn mannau ni chafwyd hyd i’r olion contained the most sand and in places the first traces archaeolegol cyntaf nes cloddio i ddyfnder o 1.5m. of archaeology did not appear until 1.5 metres down. O ystyried bod gan yr heneb wrthgloddiau mor weladwy, For a protected monument with visible earthworks, nid oeddynt wedi disgwyl y byddai’r archaeoleg mor the archaeology was not expected to be so deeply ddwfn o dan y ddaear. Yn y cae i’r de, roedd dyddodion buried. In the field to the south, thinner deposits of teneuach o dywod wedi’i chwythu gan y gwynt yn windblown sand were found to overlie post-medieval gorchuddio cyfundrefnau caeau ôl-ganoloesol. field systems. Mur gogleddol y tŷ crwn a ddadorchuddiwyd yn ystod y gwaith The northern wall of the roundhouse uncovered by excavation. cloddio. Ymddengys i’r muriau cadarn gael eu hadeiladu o The impressive walls appear to have been constructed from gerrig mawr hyd at 2.4m o led. large stones to a width of 2.4 metres.

Wrth symud y dyddodion dwfn o dywod yn y gaer, Once the deep deposits of sand were removed within daeth nodweddion archaeolegol i’r golwg a oedd the fort, some incredibly well-preserved archaeology mewn cyflwr arbennig o dda. Y darganfyddiad mwyaf was uncovered. By far the most impressive discovery trawiadol o lawer oedd y tŷ crwn mawr o gerrig sy’n was a monumental stone-built roundhouse now sefyll yn agos at ymyl y clogwyn erbyn hyn. Mae’n 13 standing close to the cliff edge. Measuring an impressive metr o ran diamedr a chredir mai hwn yw un o’r rhai 13 metres in diameter, it is believed to be one of the mwyaf o’i fath i’w ddarganfod yng Nghymru ac efallai’r biggest of its kind ever found in Wales and perhaps un sydd fwyaf mewn perygl oddi wrth erydiad. Mae’r one of the most threatened by erosion. The stone muriau cerrig eu hunain yn arbennig iawn, yn 2.4 metr o walls themselves are striking, measuring over 2.4 drwch a rhyw 1.5 metr o uchder. Yn anffodus, nid oedd metres in thickness and at least 1.5 metres in height. yr archaeolegwyr yn gallu cyrraedd llawr yr adeilad Unfortunately, the occupational floor layers of the oherwydd prinder amser, felly mae’n anodd bod yn sicr structure were not reached due to time constraints, so ynghylch ei ddyddiad a’i swyddogaeth, er dod o hyd i it is hard to provide conclusive evidence for its date and ychydig o deilchion o grochenwaith Rhufeinig yn agos function beyond the few sherds of Roman pottery found at y muriau. close to the walls. 30

Ailgread o’r tŷ crwn y cafodd rhan ohono ei gloddio, yn edrych A reconstruction of the partially excavated roundhouse o’r gogledd. Mae’r darlun hwn yn dangos sut y gallai fod wedi viewed from the north. This illustration shows how it may edrych, gyda muriau llydan o gerrig yn cynnal to conigol uchel have appeared complete with broad stone walls supporting a yn nhu mewn tywodlyd y fryngaer. (Hawlfraint: Toby Driver) tall conical roof in the sandy hillfort interior. (Copyright: Toby Driver.)

Mewn ail ffos a agorwyd i’r de o’r tŷ crwn datgelwyd The second trench to the south of the roundhouse also olion archaeolegol wedi’u claddu’n ddwfn dan dywod. revealed archaeological remains buried deep beneath Cafodd sawl haen a nodwedd archaeolegol ei darganfod sand. Several archaeological layers and features were a’i chloddio. Daethpwyd o hyd i grochenwaith a oedd o identified and excavated. Amongst the investigated bosibl yn Rhufeinig, gan ategu dehongliadau blaenorol deposits was pottery of possible Roman date, reinforcing bod y gaer yn cael ei defnyddio adeg y Rhufeiniaid. Hefyd previous interpretations that the fort was occupied in darganfuwyd gwrthrych haearn â rhwd trwchus drosto Roman times. An interesting and heavily eroded metal ar waelod ffos fach yr oeddem wedi’i chloddio. Mae ei object was also discovered by chance at the bottom of siâp yn awgrymu ei fod yn flaen gwaywffon, ond bydd one of the excavated sections of a small ditch. Initial angen ei ddadansoddi ymhellach i ddarganfod ei wir thoughts point towards it possibly being some form swyddogaeth. Mae’r nifer mawr o olion archaeolegol yn of spearhead due to its shape, but further analysis will y tyllau prawf bach yn y ffos hon yn awgrymu bod gan need to be undertaken to determine its true character. y lleoliad hwn yn y gaer botensial archaeolegol mawr. The density of archaeology within the small exploratory Mae’n debyg bod olion mwy o dai crwn a nodweddion test pits within the trench suggests huge archaeological eraill sy’n gysylltiedig â’r anheddiad yn cael eu gwarchod potential at this location within the fort, with features gan y tywod. that may be associated with additional roundhouses and other settlement features likely still preserved beneath the surface. 31

Toriad i lawr at y cloglai naturiol. Mae’n dangos sawl haenlin A cut section down to the natural boulder clay. This section pridd a haen o dywod yn y cae i’r de o’r gaer, a ddyddodwyd o shows several soil horizons and layers of sand in the field to bosibl yn ystod stormydd mawr. the south of the fort possibly deposited by intense storms.

Mae’r ffaith bod muriau cerrig y tŷ crwn – a nodweddion The excellent preservation of the stone walls of the eraill sydd eto i’w darganfod mae’n debyg – mewn cyflwr roundhouse – and presumably other features yet to be cystal yn awgrymu bod tywod wedi gorchuddio’r safle uncovered – suggests that the initial sand deposition yn gyflym iawn, a hynny yn ystod cyfnodau o stormydd at the site may have been rapid, likely during periods ffyrnig mae’n debyg. Mae dogfennau hanesyddol yn of major storm activity. Nearby, southwest Anglesey disgrifio tir yn cael ei orchuddio gan dywod nid nepell has a well-documented history of sand inundation i ffwrdd yn Niwbwrch ac Aberffro yn ne-orllewin associated with storms during the medieval period at Môn yn ystod yr Oesoedd Canol. Mae gwyddonwyr Newborough and Aberffraw. Work by CHERISH scientists CHERISH o Brifysgol Aberystwyth yn ymchwilio i newid from Aberystwyth University is ongoing to investigate amgylcheddol yn yr ardal hon dros y canrifoedd ac maen the longer-term record of environmental change in the nhw wedi darganfod cyfnodau cynharach o ddyddodi area and has identified earlier phases of sand deposition tywod mewn creiddiau gwaddod o Lyn Coron, ger in sediment cores from Llyn Coron, near Aberffraw. How Aberffro. Mae CHERISH bellach yn canolbwyntio ar Dinas Dinlle fits into this story is now the main focus le Dinas Dinlle yn y stori hon. Mae’r tîm yn defnyddio for CHERISH. The team is using luminescence dating to dyddio ymoleuedd i benderfynu pa bryd, a pha mor determine when, and how quickly, the archaeological gyflym, y cafodd y dystiolaeth archaeolegol ei chladdu evidence was buried by sand. Samples were taken from dan y tywod. Cymerwyd samplau ar wahanol ddyfnderau both interior trenches to cover the full trench depth, o’r ddwy ffos fewnol, gan ganolbwyntio hefyd ar gyd- also focusing on the context of key finds such as the destun darganfyddiadau allweddol fel y gwrthrych metal object described above. These will be processed metel a ddisgrifiwyd uchod. Caiff y rhain eu prosesu yn over the coming months at Aberystwyth Luminescence ystod y misoedd nesaf yn Labordy Ymchwil Ymoleuedd Research Laboratory along with samples from the cliff Aberystwyth, ynghyd â samplau o’r ymchwiliad i wyneb y face investigation. clogwyn. Yr Athro Helen Roberts o Brifysgol Aberystwyth yn cymryd Professor Helen Roberts from Aberystwyth University taking samplau ymoleuedd o ran o’r ffos wrth ymyl mur deheuol y tŷ luminescence samples from a section adjacent to the southern crwn. wall of the roundhouse.

Mae mwy o waith yn cael ei wneud hefyd ar Further work is also underway studying the past amgylcheddau’r gorffennol yn y gaer ac o’i chwmpas. environments in and around the fort where sediment Cymerwyd creiddiau gwaddod er mwyn gallu gwneud cores have been taken for pollen, diatom and chemical dadansoddiadau paill, diatom a chemegol a chynhyrchu analysis to provide a timeline for environmental change. llinell amser ar gyfer newid amgylcheddol. Mae Initial radiocarbon dates from the base of cores indicate dyddiadau radiocarbon cychwynnol o waelod y creiddiau these cores approximately cover the last 3,000 years. yn dangos eu bod yn cwmpasu’r 3,000 o flynyddoedd Another important part of the story – the sand dunes diwethaf yn fras. Ymchwiliwyd hefyd, ym mis Medi, i ran at Morfa Dinlle immediately to the north – were also bwysig arall o’r stori – y twyni tywod ym Morfa Dinlle i’r investigated in September. Here, CHERISH teamed up gogledd o’r gaer. Yma, mae’r tîm CHERISH yn cydweithio with colleagues from Birkbeck University of London to gyda staff o Brifysgol Birkbeck yn Llundain i ymchwilio i investigate the timing of the development of the beach ba bryd y datblygodd y cefnennau traeth a’r gyfundrefn ridges and dune system. Ground Penetrating Radar dwyni. Mae tystiolaeth Radar Treiddio’r Ddaear (GPR) (GPR) evidence suggests the linear ridges that run for yn awgrymu bod y cefnennau llinol sy’n ymestyn am many hundreds of metres are comprised of interbedded gannoedd lawer o fetrau wedi’u gwneud o dywodydd a sands and gravels and were formed through tide and graeanau rhyngwelyog. Credir iddynt gael eu ffurfio gan y wave activity with storms building and modifying llanw a’r tonnau ac i stormydd eu hadeiladu a’u haddasu. them. Armed with a 5-tonne excavator we tested this Gan ddefnyddio cloddiwr 5 tunnell, rhoddasom brawf ar assumption by digging a series of trenches across the y dybiaeth hon drwy gloddio cyfres o ffosydd ar draws site to explore their make up and take samples for y safle i ddarganfod eu hadeiledd a chymryd samplau luminescence dating. The excavations confirmed GPR ar gyfer dyddio ymoleuedd. Cadarnhawyd y dehongliad interpretation, and revealed thick sequences of beach GPR gan y cloddiadau, a datgelwyd dilyniannau trwchus o gravels, cobble and boulders, interspersed and topped raeanau traeth, cerrig crynion a chlogfeini, gyda thywod a with sand together with large quantities of shells – llawer iawn o gregyn – y mae rhai ohonynt wedi’u cadw’n some of which are beautifully preserved. Our next task berffaith – rhyngddynt ac ar ben y cyfan. Ein tasg nesaf is to date the ridges to find out when, and over what fydd dyddio’r cefnennau i ddarganfod pryd y cawsant eu timescales they formed. ffurfio a thros ba gyfnod o amser. 33

Atgyfnerthu’r ffos cyn cymryd Bracing the trench for samplau ymoleuedd ym Morfa luminescence sample Dinlle. extraction at Morfa Dinlle.

Mae’r gwaith hwn yn This work has provided Ninas Dinlle wedi datgelu an exciting glimpse into rhan fach yn unig o hanes the history of Dinas Dinlle, cyffrous y safle ac wedi but it is clear that some dangos bod ganddo rai of its secrets may never cyfrinachau sydd wedi’u be revealed. Why build claddu’n ddwfn iawn. Pam such a huge fort with codi caer mor anferth such well-built, robust gydag adeiladweithiau structures within it? Were mor gadarn a chelfydd eu the inhabitants protecting hadeiladwaith y tu mewn themselves from the threat iddi? A oedd y trigolion yn eu hamddiffyn eu hunain of violence from neighbouring tribes, demonstrating rhag llwythau gelyniaethus gerllaw, gan amlygu eu their wealth and social aspirations through the cyfoeth a’u dyheadau cymdeithasol drwy godi cartrefi construction of large and impressive homes, or were they mawr a thrawiadol, neu a oeddynt yn ymladd brwydr actually fighting a long battle against relentless winds, hir yn erbyn gwyntoedd didrugaredd, stormydd tywod sandstorms and the dynamic environment all around a’r amgylchfyd grymus o’u cwmpas? Pa gyfran o’r them? What proportion of the defences were built upon amddiffynfeydd a adeiladwyd ar fryncynnau a ffosydd pre-existing hillocks and ditches from the last ice age? o’r Oes Iâ ddiwethaf a oedd eisoes yn bodoli? Byddwn yn CHERISH will continue to pursue these questions in the parhau i geisio atebion i’r cwestiynau hyn yn y gobaith hopes of unlocking more of the story. We may never find o ddarganfod mwy am hanes y gaer. Mae’n bosibl na all the answers, but what is certain is that this extremely fyddwn byth yn gallu ateb yr holl gwestiynau, ond yr hyn valuable heritage site is currently fighting its own battles sy’n sicr yw bod y safle treftadaeth eithriadol o werthfawr to survive against climate change, sea-level rise and hwn ar hyn o bryd yn ymladd ei frwydrau tyngedfennol severe erosion. ei hun yn erbyn newid hinsawdd, codiadau yn lefel y môr, ac erydiad difrifol.

Gwirfoddolwyr a staff siriol! Ni fyddai’r prosiect hwn wedi Smiling volunteers and staff! This project would not have bod yn bosibl heb gymorth y grŵp anhygoel o wirfoddolwyr been possible without the fantastic group of volunteers a weithiodd drwy’r gwynt a’r glaw i ddatguddio’r archaeoleg. that worked through the wind and rain to uncover the I lawer, dyma eu cloddiad cyntaf ac roeddynt yn gallu archaeology. For many, this was their first dig and they were dysgu mwy am eu hanes lleol yn ogystal â meithrin sgiliau able to learn more about their local history as well as gain archaeolegol allweddol y gobeithir y byddant yn manteisio key archaeological skills that they will hopefully take forward arnynt eto mewn cloddiadau eraill yn eu hardal leol. to other excavations within their local area. 34

Dr Patrick Robson yn defnyddio gaing gau i asesu gwaddodion claddedig ar ynys Gwales, Sir Benfro, Hydref 2019. Mae ynys Sgomer ar y gorwel pell. Dr Patrick Robson using a gouge to assess buried sediments on Grassholm Island, Pembrokeshire, October 2019, with Skomer Island on the distant horizon. 35

EIN DULL PECYN OFFER: TECHNEGAU AROLYGU / OUR TOOL KIT APPROACH: SURVEY TECHNIQUES

Ail-greu Amgylcheddau’r Gorffennol Reconstructing Past Environments

Un o amcanion allweddol y Prosiect CHERISH yw ail- A key objective of the CHERISH project is to reconstruct greu amgylcheddau’r gorffennol, hanes ein tywydd a past environments, weather histories and storm records. chofnodion am stormydd. Gall data meteoregol gael Meteorological data can be gathered from a range of ei gasglu o amrywiaeth o ffynonellau: gorsafoedd sources weather stations, lighthouse and ships logs, tywydd, logiau goleudai a llongau, dyddiaduron tywydd, weather diaries, estate records and observational cofnodion ystadau a chofnodion arsylwadol. Sut bynnag, records. However, instrument data and written records nid yw cofnodion ysgrifenedig a data o offerynnau’n can only go back a few hundred years and so we need mynd â ni yn ôl yn bellach nag ychydig o gannoedd o to look in different sorts of archives to determine what flynyddoedd, felly mae angen i ni chwilio mewn gwahanol environmental change has occurred over longer time fathau o archifau i ddarganfod y newid amgylcheddol scales. sydd wedi digwydd dros gyfnodau hwy o amser. We are taking sediment cores from lakes and wetland Rydym wrthi’n cymryd creiddiau gwaddod o lynnoedd sites around the coastline of Wales and Ireland where a gwlyptiroedd ar hyd arfordir Cymru ac Iwerddon lle sediments have accumulated and trapped a range of mae gwaddodion wedi crynhoi ac wedi dal amrywiaeth different indicators that can be used to determine how o wahanol ddangosyddion y gellir eu defnyddio i gael the environment has changed. amcan o sut mae’r amgylchedd wedi newid. Pollen analysis is probably the best well-known and Mae’n debyg mai dadansoddi paill yw’r dechneg fwyaf widely used technique and has been used to reconstruct adnabyddus a chyffredin. Mae wedi cael ei defnyddio past plant communities for over 100 years. Pollen is am dros 100 mlynedd i ail-greu cymunedau o blanhigion released by plants to fertilise female flowers to form fel y buont. Rhyddheir paill gan blanhigion i ffrwythloni their seeds and fruits. They’re carried from plant to plant blodau benyw fel y byddant yn ffurfio hadau a ffrwythau. by insects or by the wind – as every hay fever sufferer Cânt eu cario o blanhigyn i blanhigyn gan bryfed neu’r knows! gwynt – fel y mae pawb sy’n dioddef o glefyd y gwair yn Plant pollen is made from a remarkably resistant ei wybod! substance called sporopllenin – a biological polymer Mae paill planhigol wedi’i wneud o sylwedd hynod o which is still not completely understood. Its resilience wydn o’r enw sporopollenin – polymer biolegol nad ydym means that when it gets trapped in the sedimentary yn ei lwyr ddeall eto. Oherwydd ei wydnwch, mae’n profiles of lakes and bogs, it can be preserved for cael ei ddal ym mhroffiliau thousands or even gwaddodol llynnoedd a hundreds of thousands chorsydd a gall oroesi am of years. Individual grains filoedd os nad cannoedd range in size from around ar filoedd o flynyddoedd. 10 to 200 micrometres,

Paill o binwydden yr Alban (Pinus sylvestris); nodwch A Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) y codennau aer ar y dde a’r pollen, note the left and right chwith sy’n helpu i gadw’r air sacs that help keep the paill yn yr awyr dros bellterau pollen airborne over very long mawr iawn. distances. 36

Mae maint y gronynnau unigol yn amrywio o 10 i 200 so dozens of grains could fit on the head of a pin, and micrometr, felly byddai’n bosibl gosod dwsinau ohonynt if enough pollen is present it can even be radiocarbon ar ben pin, ac os oes digon o baill yn bresennol gallwn dated. They have unique shapes and features that ei ddyddio, gan ddefnyddio dyddio radiocarbon. Mae allow them to be identified to the family or genus ganddynt siapiau a nodweddion unigryw ac felly gellir eu level. hadnabod i lawr at lefel y teulu neu genws. We extract the pollen from sediment cores, identify Ar ôl tynnu’r paill o’r creiddiau gwaddod, awn ati i enwi and count the proportion of the different types a chyfrif y gyfran o’r gwahanol fathau sy’n bresennol er present to help infer what plants were present at mwyn penderfynu pa blanhigion a oedd yn tyfu ar y the time of deposition. We take into consideration safle ar y pryd. Cymerwn i ystyriaeth wahanol gyfraddau differing rates of pollen productivity, dispersal and cynhyrchu, gwasgaru a chadw paill, effaith bodau dynol, preservation as well as the impact of humans and a thueddiadau hinsoddol er mwyn helpu i ddehongli climatic trends to help interpret fossil assemblages casgliadau ffosil a deall y prif ffactorau a achosodd and understand the principal drivers of change. y newidiadau. Rydym ar hyn o bryd yn gweithio ar We’re currently working on a pollen sequence from ddilyniant paill o Ddinas Dinlle yng Ngogledd-orllewin Dinas Dinlle in northwest Wales to understand what Cymru er mwyn casglu gwybodaeth am y llystyfiant a vegetation may have surrounded the settlement site oedd yn tyfu o amgylch y gaer pan oedd pobl yn byw yno while it was occupied, and how it may have evolved a sut y gallai fod wedi esblygu i ffurfio’r dirwedd bresennol. into the present landscape.

Algâu microsgopig sydd i’w cael ym mhob math o gorff Diatoms are microscopic algae present in all types dŵr ac amgylchedd gwlyb yw diatomau. Mae’n bosibl of waterbodies and wet environments. There may bod cymaint â 2 filiwn o rywogaethau gwahanol, sy’n be as many as 2 million different species, providing darparu bwyd ar gyfer llawer o anifeiliaid dŵr – o bryfed food for many aquatic animals – from insects to i forfilod, ac amcangyfrifwyd eu bod nhw’n cynhyrchu whales, and they are estimated to produce 50% of the 50% o’r ocsigen a anadlwn. Maen nhw’n wahanol i lawer oxygen we breathe. They differ from many plants in o blanhigion eraill oherwydd bod ganddynt sgerbwd that they have an intricate skeleton made from silica cywrain wedi’i wneud o silica ac felly hyd yn oed ar ôl and so even after they have died, their cell walls can iddynt farw gall eu cellfuriau oroesi a rhoi gwybodaeth i be preserved and inform the type of environment in ni am yr amgylchedd yr oeddynt yn byw ynddo. which they lived.

Fel pob planhigyn, mae gan y wahanol rywogaethau Like all plants, different species have different wahanol ofynion o ran golau, pH, statws maetholion, preferences for light, pH, nutrient status, salinity and halwynedd a water temperature. thymheredd dŵr. Some species prefer Mae’n well gan to float freely in rai rhywogaethau the water column, arnofio’n rhydd yn y while others prefer

Delwedd Scanning electron electronmicrosgop microscope image of sganio o sgerbwd silica the silica skeleton of a diatom sentrig (chwith) centric diatom (left) and a diatom Nitzschioid a nitzchiod form (right) (de) sydd wedi hollti yn which has split in half to ei hanner i ddangos dwy show both sides of the ochr y falf. valve. 37 golofn ddŵr, ond mae’n well gan eraill lynu wrth laid, to be attached to mud, rocks or other aquatic plants. creigiau neu blanhigion dŵr eraill. Mae’r rhywogaethau’n Species are determined by their size, shape and amrywio yn ôl maint, siâp ac arwyneb ac, fel paill, surface sculpturing and, like pollen, by analysing the drwy ddadansoddi’r casgliadau ffosil sy’n bresennol fossil assemblage present in lake cores we can infer mewn creiddiau a gymerir o lynnoedd, gallwn gael past environmental change. We have found a section amcan o newid amgylcheddol yn y gorffennol. Rydym of saltwater diatoms in the lake sediments of Llyn wedi darganfod toriad o ddiatomau dŵr hallt yng Maelog on the Anglesey coast, indicating that in the ngwaddodion Llyn Maelog ar arfordir Môn sy’n dangos past the sea inundated the lake temporally turning it i’r môr foddi’r llyn dros dro yn y gorffennol a’i droi’n into a marine environment. amgylchedd morol. Physical and chemical evidence of storms and Gellir darganfod tystiolaeth ffisegol a chemegol o environmental change may also be found in the stormydd a newid amgylcheddol hefyd yn archifau sedimentary archives of lakes and bogs. Strong winds gwaddodol llynnoedd a chorsydd. Gall gwyntoedd can convert seawater spray into windborne aerosols cryfion droi ewyn dŵr môr yn aerosolau a gludir ar y that contain elements such as iodine and bromine, gwynt. Ceir yn yr aerosolau hyn elfennau fel ïodin a which can be deposited on bogs and wetland sites bromin a all gael eu dyddodi ar gorsydd a gwlyptiroedd behind coastal barriers. These elements bind to the y tu ôl i rwystrau arfordirol. Bydd yr elfennau yn clymu organic matter, and over time get incorporated into wrth y deunydd organig ac yn dod yn rhan o’r proffil the sediment profile. We can use X-ray Fluorescence gwaddod yn y man. Gallwn ddefnyddio fflwroleuedd (XRF) scanning of our cores to detect small changes pelydr-X (XRF) i sganio ein creiddiau er mwyn darganfod in the chemical record at very fine resolution – one newidiadau bach yn y cofnod cemegol ar gydraniad fifth of a millimetre. For individual samples we can use manwl iawn – pumed ran o filimetr. Yn achos samplau Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP- unigol, gallwn ddefnyddio Sbectromedr Màs Plasma MS) to measure the same chemicals. This technique wedi’i Gyplu’n Anwythol (ICP-MS) i fesur yr un cemegion. is not as rapid, but provides a more detailed analysis, Nid yw’r dechneg hon mor gyflym, ond mae’n cynnig particularly on light elements such as iodine. CHERISH dadansoddiad manylach, yn enwedig o elfennau ysgafn uses both these instruments in Aberystwyth to fel ïodin. Rydym yn defnyddio’r ddau offeryn hyn yma yn investigate the frequency and intensity of storms at a Aberystwyth i ymchwilio i amlder a chryfder stormydd ar number of study sites in Wales and Ireland. nifer o safleoedd astudio yng Nghymru ac Iwerddon. Stable Isotopes of nitrogen and carbon can also be Hefyd gall isotopau sefydlog nitrogen a charbon gael analysed to detect environmental change through eu dadansoddi i ganfod newidiadau yn yr amgylchedd time. All living organisms absorb carbon and nitrogen dros gyfnod o amser. Bydd pob organeb fyw yn amsugno through their lifetime, but the proportion of the isotopes carbon a nitrogen yn ystod ei hoes ond mae’r gyfran o of carbon (carbon-13) and nitrogen (nitrogen-15) varies isotopau carbon (carbon-13) a nitrogen (nitrogen-15) in the environment. Marine values are different to yn amrywio yn ôl yr amgylchedd. Mae gwerthoedd freshwater environments and different to woodlands. morol yn wahanol i’r gwerthoedd mewn amgylcheddau Therefore, changes in the isotope values of sediment dŵr croyw a choetiroedd. Felly, gall newidiadau yng cores may indicate a significant modification of the local ngwerthoedd isotop creiddiau gwaddod ddangos bod y habitat. cynefin lleol wedi newid. CHERISH employs these and many other techniques to Bydd CHERISH yn defnyddio’r technegau hyn a llawer reconstruct past environments and episodes of climatic o rai eraill i ail-greu amgylcheddau’r gorffennol a change. chyfnodau o newid hinsoddol. 38

FFEIL FFEITHIAU PUFFTY PUFFTY’S FACT FILE

Bu Puffty-Hump, masgot CHERISH ac aelod o’r tîm, allan yn casglu ffeithiau a ffigurau diddorol am Newid Hinsawdd, Treftadaeth Arfordirol, a’n prosiect. A wyddech chi ... CHERISH mascot and team member Puffty- Hump has been out in the field gathering some interesting facts and figures relating to Climate Change, Coastal Heritage and our project. Did you know ...

Puffty yn paratoi i esgyn i’r awyr i dynnu awyrluniau dros Sir Benfro. Puffty preparing to take off for aerial reconnaissance over Pembrokeshire. Puffty yn ymlacio ar ôl diwrnod caled o waith yn Iwerddon. Puffty relaxing after a hard day’s work in Ireland.

Ar 30 Ionawr 1816, cafodd y cludlongau Sea Horse, On 30 January 1816, the transport ships Sea Horse, Lord Melville a Boadicea a oedd yn mynd â milwyr a Lord Melville and Boadicea taking soldiers and families theuluoedd o Ramsgate i Cork eu llongddryllio oddi from Ramsgate to Cork, were wrecked off Tramore and ar Tramore a Kinsale yn ystod tymestl a chollodd o Kinsale by a gale with the loss of at least 566 people leiaf 566 o bobl eu bywydau, y mwyafrif ohonynt yn mostly from the 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment filwyr yn y 59ain (2il Gatrawd Swydd Nottingham) of Foot and 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales’s Gatrawd o Droedfilwyr a’r 82ain Gatrawd o Droedfilwyr Volunteers). (Gwirfoddolwyr Tywysog Cymru).

Mae ffilmiau Star Wars diweddar wedi cael eu ffilmio ar Recent Star Wars films have been filmed at CHERISH sites safleoedd CHERISH gan gynnwys Skellig Michael a Sybil including Skellig Michael and Sybil Head in Co. Kerry, Head yn Swydd Kerry, sy’n ymddangos fel ynysoedd ar y which act as islands on water planet Ahch-To. blaned ddŵr Ahch-To.

The last decade was the second hottest in the past Y degawd diwethaf oedd yr ail boethaf yn y 100 100 years in the UK with eight new high temperatures mlynedd ddiwethaf yn y DU. Cafodd 8 tymheredd uchel set. newydd eu cofnodi.

Four new UK weather records were set in 2019 Cafodd pedair record tywydd newydd eu cofnodi yn including the hottest February day of 21.2 degrees 2019, gan gynnwys y diwrnod mis Chwefror poethaf, centigrade recorded on 26 February in London, and on sef 21.2 radd Celsius, a gofnodwyd ar 26 Chwefror yn 25 July temperatures reached 38.7 degrees centigrade Llundain, a’r tymheredd uchaf a gofnodwyd erioed yn in Cambridge, the UK’s highest ever recorded y DU, sef 38.7 gradd Celsius yng Nghaergrawnt ar 25 temperature. Gorffennaf.

Y cyfanswm glawiad blynyddol ar gyfer 2019 a Annual total rainfall for 2019 recorded at Valentia gofnodwyd yn Arsyllfa Valentia (sydd mewn ardal Observatory (within a CHERISH area) was 1701.6 mm, CHERISH) oedd 1701.6 mm, a’r tymheredd cymedrig with mean temperature of 11.1 degrees centigrade oedd 11.1 radd Celsius (Ffynhonnell Met Éireann). (Source: Met Éireann). 40

CYFARFOD Â THÎM CHERISH / MEET THE CHERISH TEAM

Clare Lancaster, Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru Clare Lancaster, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales Dechreuais yn fy swydd fel Rheolwr y Prosiect CHERISH ym mis Mai 2017 ac rydw i’n gweithio o Aberystwyth I started work as the CHERISH Project Manager in May gyda staff eraill y Comisiwn Brenhinol sydd ynghlwm 2017 and am based in Aberystwyth with the rest of wrth y prosiect. Graddiais ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth the Royal Commission team working on CHERISH. I ym 1995 gyda BSc mewn Gwyddor Amgylcheddol. Yna graduated from Aberystwyth University in 1995 with astudiais am Ddiploma Ôl-radd mewn Rheolaeth Cefn a BSc in Environmental Science. Following my degree Gwlad ym Mangor. I studied for a Postgraduate Diploma in Countryside Management in Bangor. Ar ôl graddio, fy swydd gyntaf oedd gweithio i’r Asiantaeth Ffermio a Chadwraeth Wledig (Defra wedyn) Following graduation my first job was to work for the fel Ymgynghorydd Stiwardiaeth Cefn Gwlad, gan fynd Farming and Rural Conservation Agency (which later i ffermydd ar hyd a lled Swydd Stafford a Cumbria i roi became DEFRA) as a Countryside Stewardship Adviser, cyngor ar gynlluniau amaeth-amgylcheddol. Symudais visiting farms throughout Staffordshire and Cumbria to yn ôl i Gymru i weithio i Awdurdod Datblygu Cymru a advise on Agri-environment schemes. I moved back to bûm yn gweithio gyda grwpiau LEADER+ ar draws Cymru Wales to work for the Welsh Development Agency (WDA) i drefnu hyfforddiant a digwyddiadau er mwyn rhannu working with the European Funded LEADER+ groups

Clare Lancaster, rheolwr y Prosiect CHERISH (ail o’r dde), yn Clare Lancaster, CHERISH Project Manager (second from right), paratoi ar gyfer taith dywys gyda rhai o aelodau’r tîm yn Ninas preparing for a guided walk with some of the team at Dinas Dinlle, 2019. Dinlle, 2019. 41 arfer gorau, ac yn gweithio gyda chymunedau gwledig across Wales to provide training and events to share best i helpu i achub neu ailsefydlu siopau mewn cymunedau practice; and to work with rural communities to help lleol. Pan unodd yr Awdurdod â Llywodraeth Cymru, save or reintroduce rural shops to the local communities. manteisiais ar y cyfle i droi at lunio polisi a deuthum yn When the WDA merged with the Welsh Government, I Rheolwr Polisi Cadwraeth Natur Cymru, gan ymgymryd took the opportunity to move into the policy area and eto â gwaith ym maes yr amgylchedd naturiol. became the Nature Conservation Policy Manager for Wales, returning back to the natural environment. Erbyn hyn roeddwn yn fam gyda dau o blant a dewisais gymryd amser i ffwrdd o’m gyrfa. Yn ystod y cyfnod By this time I had become a mother to two children hwn fe gododd cyfle i symud i Frwsel lle deuthum and chose to take time away from my career, and it was yn Gynorthwy-ydd Personol y Fonesig Shan Morgan, during this time that an opportunity arose to move to Cynrychiolydd y DU i’r Undeb Ewropeaidd, a bûm yn Brussels. Once in Brussels, I became Personal Assistant gweithio mewn swyddfa breifat hynod brysur ar adeg to the UK Representative to the EU, Dame Shan Morgan, dyngedfennol yn y berthynas rhwng y DU a’r UE. working in a high-paced private office at a momentous time in the UK/European Union relationship. This position Fy rôl gyda CHERISH yw rheoli’r prosiect o ddydd i ddydd, combined with my other experiences has enabled me to gan sicrhau y gwerir y gyllideb, y cyrhaeddir cerrig milltir, become Project Manager for CHERISH. a bod y prosiect yn mynd rhagddo’n ddirwystr. Ni wn ai’r profiad a sgiliau a enillais yn ystod fy ngyrfa waith ynteu My role is to manage the overall operational delivery of bod yn fam sydd wedi rhoi i mi’r doniau angenrheidiol i the project, ensuring that the budget is spent, milestones reoli’r prosiect! are reached, and that the project operates smoothly. Whether it is the experience and skills I have gained in Rydw i wrth fy modd yn gweithio ar y prosiect ac yn my work career or being a mother that has given me the ystod y blynyddoedd sydd ar ôl rydw i’n edrych ymlaen necessary skills to project manage is a matter of opinion! at wneud gwaith cyffrous, meithrin ymwybyddiaeth o newid hinsawdd a threftadaeth arfordirol, a rhannu I thoroughly enjoy working on the project and look canlyniadau ac arfer gorau ar hyd a lled Iwerddon a forward to the remaining years to deliver exciting work, Chymru. increase awareness of climate change and coastal heritage, and share results and best practice across James Barry, Arolwg Daearegol Iwerddon Ireland and Wales. Ar ôl gweithio yn y diwydiant arlwyo am flynyddoedd James Barry, Geological Survey Ireland lawer fe ddechreuais ymddiddori mewn cynhyrchu bwyd organig a chynaliadwy, a phenderfynais ddilyn Having worked in the catering industry for many years cwrs ar Baramaethu a Chynaliadwydd Ymarferol I became interested in organic and sustainable food yn Kinsale, Swydd Cork. Aildaniodd y cwrs hwn production, which led to me studying Permaculture fy niddordeb mewn gwyddoniaeth, yn enwedig and Practical Sustainability in Kinsale, Co. Cork. This gwyddor amgylcheddol a hinsoddol, a phenderfynais course rekindled my interest in science, particularly ddychwelyd i’r coleg fel myfyriwr aeddfed. Cefais fy environmental and climate science, and led me to nghyfareddu gan Geowyddoniaeth a graddiais o Goleg return to college as a mature student. I became Prifysgol Dulyn gyda BSc mewn Daeareg. Gwneuthum fascinated with Geoscience and graduated from UCD gais am swydd raddedig gydag Arolwg Daearegol with a BSc in Geology. I applied for a graduate position Iwerddon ac rydw i’n credu bod y blynyddoedd a within the Geological Survey of Ireland, and I think my dreuliais yn llanc yn gwneud gwaith gwirfoddol i glwb teenage years involved with a local volunteer-run sailing hwylio lleol yn gymorth i mi gael swydd yn yr uned club helped me secure the graduate position within Forol ac Arfordirol, yn gweithio ar y rhaglen INFOMAR. the Marine and Coastal unit, working on the INFOMAR Treuliais gryn dipyn o’m hamser gydag INFOMAR programme. With INFOMAR I spent quite a bit of my yn gweithio ar y môr yn dysgu am arolygu morol first year at sea learning about marine surveying and ac roeddwn i’n ddigon ffodus i gymryd rhan mewn was lucky enough to take part in a transatlantic survey 42

arolwg trawsiwerydd lle buom yn samplu creigiau where we sampled rocks from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (in o Gefnen Canol Iwerydd (rhwng gwyntoedd grym between hurricane force winds!). The GSI began a UAV corwynt!). Cychwynnodd Arolwg Daearegol Iwerddon programme around this time and I became involved in raglen hedfan dronau tua’r adeg hon a bûm yn helpu its development from an early stage. After this I spent i’w datblygu. Yna treuliais beth amser yn gweithio i some time working for a private company contracted to gwmni preifat a gawsai ei gontractio i gynorthwyo gyda assist with the GSI drilling programme. rhaglen ddrilio’r Arolwg. I started working on the CHERISH project in April Dechreuais weithio ar y Prosiect CHERISH ym mis Ebrill 2017. The project combines many of my interests 2017. Mae’r prosiect yn cyfuno llawer o’m diddordebau, from geology to climate science and has allowed me o ddaeareg i wyddor hinsawdd, ac mae’n fy ngalluogi to develop further as a geoscientist. I have become i feithrin fy sgiliau fel geowyddonydd. Rydw i bellach a qualified UAV operator and am largely focused yn beilot drôn cymwysedig a’m prif waith yw asesu on assessing and quantifying change on coastal a meintioli newid ar dirweddau arfordirol uwchben landscapes both above and below the water. I use ac o dan y dŵr. Defnyddiaf amrywiaeth o gyfarpar a range of equipment to acquire 3D data, including i gasglu data 3D, gan gynnwys: sonar amlbaladr i multibeam sonar to survey the sea floor and shipwrecks, arolygu gwaelod y môr a llongddrylliadau, dronau i UAVs to get a top-down perspective of coasts, and gael persbectif o’r pen i’r gwaelod o arfordiroedd, a laser scanners to provide a side-on view of eroding cliff sganwyr laser i gael golwg o’r ochr o wynebau clogwyni faces. Repeat surveys are required to assess change over sy’n erydu. Mae angen gwneud ail-arolygon i asesu time. My work often involves being out in the field and newid dros amser. Rhan hanfodol o’m gwaith yw travelling around the country, one of the many benefits mynd allan i’r maes a theithio ar hyd a lled y wlad, un o of a Geoscience career! I hope that documenting this fanteision gyrfa mewn Geowyddoniaeth! Gobeithiaf y change and presenting the results helps to show just bydd cofnodi’r newid hwn a chyflwyno’r canlyniadau’n how dynamic our coastlines are, and will provide useful, dangos pa mor ddynamig yw ein harfordiroedd, ac accurate and detailed data to help inform decision and yn darparu data defnyddiol, cywir a manwl a fydd policy makers manage our coasts. yn helpu’r rheiny sy’n gwneud penderfyniadau ac yn llunio polisi i reoli ein harfordiroedd.

James Barry, James Barry, CHERISH Ymchwilydd CHERISH Investigator at gydag Arolwg Daearegol Geological Survey Iwerddon. Ireland. 43

DYDDIADAU AR GYFER EICH DYDDIADUR

Mae nifer o ddigwyddiadau yn ein dyddiadur eisoes ar gyfer 2020. Gallwch ein gweld ni yn: • Pontio, Bangor, 16 Ionawr 2020 • Cynhadledd Citizan, Turn the Tide, Llundain, Chwefror 2020 • Gorffennol Digidol, Aberystwyth, Chwefror 2020 • CAA Rhydychen, 14–17 Ebrill 2020 • Adapt Northern Heritage, Caeredin, 5–7 Mai 2020 • Y Gynhadledd Archaeoleg Dirwedd, Madrid, 2–5 Mehefin 2020 • Ysgol undydd forwrol yr NAS/CHERISH, Aber-soch, 19 Medi 2020 • Cynhadledd flynyddol yr NAS.Sea Change: Mapping the Past – Protecting the Future. Dun Laoghaire, Dulyn, 21–22 Tachwedd 2020

Cynhelir Arddangosfa CHERISH yn: • Storiel, Bangor, 25 Ebrill hyd 4 Gorffennaf 2020 • Canolfan Bywyd Gwyllt Cymru, Cilgerran, 20 Gorffennaf hyd 4 Medi 2020 Ychwanegir mwy o leoliadau yn ystod y misoedd i ddod, felly cadwch lygad ar ein gwefan a’n cyfryngau cymdeithasol am y wybodaeth ddiweddaraf.

DATES FOR YOUR DIARY

We’ve got a number of events already in the diary for 2020. You’ll find us at: • Pontio, Bangor, 16 January 2020 • Citizan Conference, Turn the Tide, London, February 2020 • Digital Past, Aberystwyth, 12–13 February 2020 • CAA, Oxford, 14–17 April 2020 • Adapt Northern Heritage, Edinburgh, 5–7 May 2020 • NAS/CHERISH Abersoch maritime dayschool, 19 September 2020 • NAS annual conference, Sea Change: Mapping the Past – Protecting the Future. Dun Laoghaire, Dublin, 21–22 November 2020.

The CHERISH Exhibition will be at: • Storiel, Bangor, 25 April to 4 July 2020 • The Welsh Wildlife Centre, Cilgerran, 20 July to 4 September 2020. More will be added in the coming months, so please keep an eye on our website and social media channels for the latest dates. CADWCH MEWN CYSYLLTIAD / KEEP IN TOUCH: www.cherishproject.eu [email protected] / [email protected]

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