Delhi's Ambient Noise Levels Influenced by Traffic Flow
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CONTROL OF URBAN POLLUTION SERIES CUPS/86/2017-18 Delhi’s ambient noise levels influenced by traffic flow - Case studies (Includes odd – even traffic experiment) Delhi’s BRTS experiment , movement of CNG vehicles also contribute to ambient noise levels September, 2017 Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Website : www.cpcb.nic.in CONTROL OF URBAN POLLUTION SERIES CUPS/86/2017-18 Delhi’s ambient noise levels influenced by traffic flow - Case studies (Includes odd – even traffic experiment) September, 2017 Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change Website : www.cpcb.nic.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CPCB’s Team Report preparation Mita Sharma P K Selvi Vishal Gandhi Ankur Tiwary Kedarnath Dash Rajesh Debroy Supported by Project staff Dr Kanika Sharma , RA Dr Soumya Chatterji ,RA Ramakrishna Chintapalli, JRF Jagdeep, Sct. Assistant Report formatting Prem Raj, Sr. IT Assistant, ENVIS Report reviewed by CSIR National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Delhi : Dr. Mahavir Singh, Sr Principal Scientist , Acoustics , Ultrasonics & Vibrations Standards Laboratory Dr. Naveen Garg, Sr Scientist Physico Mechanical Meteorology Note: All PHOTOGRAPHS have been taken from the internet to highlight impacts on environment due to traffic related issues INDEX OF CONTENTS 1. Chapter I 1 Objectives , scope and methodology of the Study 1. Traffic noise & acoustic discomfort 2. Four reasons that spurred analyses of noise levels of Delhi 3. WHO rating Delhi as 2nd noisiest city - a global survey 4. CSE study on 13 arterial roads in Delhi in June 2017 5. The 1st Odd –even traffic experiment conducted in India - Delhi in year 2016 6. Key observations on Delhi’s Odd even traffic experiment in year 2016 - J-PAL South Asia 7. Key observations on Delhi’s Odd even traffic experiment (Phase I) - IIT Delhi 8. Other salient observations on Delhi’s Odd even traffic experiment in 2016 9. Odd even traffic experiment - Opportunity to examine NOISE LEVELS 10. Objectives , scope and methodology 11. Noise basics 2. Chapter II 13 Urban sprawl : Delhi – NCR move toward seamless urban continuum 1. Planning indicators of Master Plans of Delhi (MPD) 2. MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI (MPD) – 2021 : Vision 3. Demography - Population increase as per census 4. Planned land-use in focus in MPDs 5. Urbanising glimpse of India and its capital Delhi 6. Landuse Policy - Delhi 7. ZONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS - Urban areas zones 8. Governing principles for MIXED LAND-USE 9. Generation of ‘urbanisable land’ - Physical potential within the NCT is reducing 10. Urbanization at Delhi’s fringe - Landuse NCR 11. NCR - Delhi - towards a seamless urban growth 12. Urban sprawl – strengthened by MRTS 3. Chapter III 22 Delhi’s transport sector’s key concerns - reduce road congestion , promote mass transport , improve ambient air quality 1. White Paper on Pollution in Delhi (1997) – highlighted pollution due to traffic 2. Delhi’s Transport Policy - promotes mass transit modes 3. Transportation demand – MPD 2021 4. Focus on road de-congestion – MPD 2021 5. Strategies for Delhi’s Transport Policy : promoting mass transport & de-congestion measures curbs traffic noise 6. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) proposed for Delhi - decongestion measure 7. Report of the HPC on De-congesting Traffic in Delhi (MoUD 2016) 8. MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (MRTS) – popular public transport 9. ‘PARKING’ –contributes to congestion and a stress on shrinking urban landuse 10. Public transport - RAIL 11. National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) – promotes seamless transport facilities 4. Chapter IV 30 Rapid increase in automobiles with population in Delhi - Signs of a noisy city 1. De-congest NCT Delhi echoes in MPD 2021 2. Vehicle population on the rise 3. Vehicle composition in Delhi 4. 2W vehicle population dominate vehicle population 5. Vehicle ownership 6. Vehicle ownership per 1000 persons 7. Projection for year 2025 : Vehicle ownership & GDP 8. Growth of Road network 9. Road length per 100 sq.kms 10. Road length per 1000 population 11. Road length per 1000 vehicles 12. Population density 13. Population and vehicle number grow over the years 14. Comparisons of vehicle growth, road length and vehicular speed 15. CLEAN FUEL - CNG for road transport in Delhi 16. Registrations of CNG vehicles 17. Mass transport - The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) 18. Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBTs) 19. Delhi’s MRTS network expanding 20. Mass transport - RAIL network 21. Airport increases vehicle movement services 5. Chapter V 45 Case study – Noise levels during Diwali ( Deepawali ) 1. Diwali – festival of light & SOUND 2. Standards - Ambient noise level based on area zones 3. Objective & Methodology 4. Compliance w.r.t. LAeq day during Diwali period ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 ) - SILENCE area zones 5. Compliance w.r.t. LAeq day during Diwali period ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 ) – RESIDENTAIL area zones 6. Compliance w.r.t. LAeq NIGHT during Diwali period ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 ) – SILENCE & RESIDENTAIL area zones 7. LAeq (day & night) w.r.t. noise limits ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 ) - CPCB HQ ( Commercial zone area) 8. LAeq (day & night) w.r.t. noise limits ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 ) - ITO ( Commercial zone area ) 9. LAeq (day & night) w.r.t. noise limits ( 2014 , 2015 , 2016 ) - Anand Vihar and Civil Lines 10. Comparison of noise levels at LAeq NIGHT time - Diwali days Vs BAU weekdays 11. Overall observations 6. Chapter VI 53 Case study– Noise levels during Republic Day (January 26) and Independence Day (August 15) 1. National holidays - Republic Days (January 26) & Independence Days (August 15) 2. Objective & Methodology, 3. Standards - Ambient noise levels for commercial area zones 4. Status of compliance LAeq day 65 dBA 5. Background noise levels - L90 (6am to 10pm) 6. Background noise levels - L90 forenoon (6am to noon) 7. LAeq , L90 –day on BAU weekdays Vs BAU weekdays – Monday , Tuesday & Saturday 8. Noise level distribution (% exceedance) – day time 9. Overview - Salient observations 10. Graphical presentation 7. Chapter VII 62 How quiet are Sundays in Delhi ? 1. Typical traffic related activities on Sundays 2. Standards - Ambient noise level based on area zones 3. Objective & Methodology 4. Status of compliance on Sunday w.r.t. noise limits LAeq day in Delhi 5. Background noise levels L90 (day) on Sundays in Delhi 6. Overall observations 8. Chapter VIII 71 Case study : Noise levels during Delhi’s Odd – even traffic experiment in year 2016 1. Objective & Methodology 2. Delhi’s odd – even traffic experiment in year 2016 - salient features 3. Status of compliance Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU - LAeq (day-time) MONDAYs 4. Status of compliance Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU - LAeq (day-time) TUESDAYs 5. Status of compliance Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU - LAeq (day-time) WEDNESDAYs 6. Status of compliance Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU - LAeq (day-time) THURSDAYs 7. Status of compliance Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU - LAeq (day-time) FRIDAYs 8. Status of compliance Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU - LAeq (day-time) SATURDAYs 9. Status of compliance with noise limits LAeq (day-time) – Odd even traffic experiment Vs BAU weekdays 10. Background noise L90 (day-time) : Odd-even traffic experiment 11. Background noise L90 (day-time) : Odd-even traffic experiment Vs BAU week 12. Background noise levels L90 (forenoon : 8am to noon) - Odd-even traffic experiment 13. Overview - Salient observations 14. Constraint 15. Graphical presentations 9. Chapter IX 89 Findings & Challenges in traffic noise abatement 1. Adverse health effects of noise 2. Unsustainable trends in noise pollution future policy planning (OECD (1991) 3. Key findings - Case studies on noise levels in Delhi 4. Vehicle ownership 5. Urban sprawl : Delhi – NCR move toward seamless urban continuum 6. De-congest NCT Delhi echoes in MPD 2021 7. Factors contributing to traffic noise 8. Traffic noise – link between speed and road traffic noise (Case study by UKNA) 9. Limitations & constraints 10. Chapter X 103 Audible Warning Devices (horns & sirens) and vehicle noise 1. HORN an Audible Warning Device 2. World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) 3. Some global perspectives on horns / sirens 4. Six certified testing agencies authorised by MoRTH – vehicle noise 5. Specifications for vehicle HORN as a COMPONENT - BIS & AIS 6. Specifications for SIRENS as a COMPONENT - AIS 7. Ban on noise from 2W ( motorcycles) - removal of silencers 8. Ban of use of multi-toned and pressure horns in Delhi 9. Noise limits on AWDs by MoRTH : multi-tone horns and pressure horns 10. Bureau of Indian Standard BIS : standards for horns 11. Horn noise in manufacturing stage in line with UN Regulation 28 12. Bureau of Indian Standard BIS : standards for vehicle noise 13. Vehicle noise in manufacturing stage MoEF&CC 14. Vehicle noise in manufacturing stage – MoRTH 15. Modified format Form 22 – includes vehicle noise 16. Vehicular noise under Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 17. Challenges in noise measurement from vehicles 11. Chapter XI 119 Strategies for vehicular air pollution abatement are also applicable to reduction of traffic noise 1. White Paper on Pollution in Delhi (1997) – highlighted TRAFFIC NOISE 2. Relationship between traffic congestion , traffic speed & air pollution in Delhi (CSE) 3. # Road Rationing Policies in cities : also opportunities for traffic noise reduction 4. Delhi’s Transport needs directly proportional to urban population (MoUD 2016) 5. DELHI is dependent on road transport - a snap shot 6. Initiatives to de-congest Delhi – modal shift to public transport 7. Survey & Metro rail users - Noise abatement is an additional benefit 8. Multi-Modal Integration at Railway Stations / ISBT issue - long distance travel 9. National Environment Policy (NEP) 2006 -urban noise an environmental quality parameter 10. Traffic Noise awareness initiatives & campaigns 11. Provisions under Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000 12. MoUD approves Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policy for Delhi 13. Funds & HPC to De-congest Traffic in DELHI - benefits traffic noise abatement 14. Synchronize public transport services with Feeder Services , Taxis & auto-rickshaws 15.