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Forestal En Los Mogos, Península De Osa, Costa Rica

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Forestal En Los Mogos, Península De Osa, Costa Rica INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE COSTA RICA VICERRECTORIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y EXTENCIÓN ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA FORESTAL INFORME FINAL DE PROYECTO EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO DEL APROVECHAMIENTO FORESTAL EN LOS MOGOS, PENÍNSULA DE OSA, COSTA RICA. Estudiante: Rolvis Pérez Ribera Carné: 200030350 Asesor: Ruperto Quesada Monge Ph.D CARTAGO, 2002. I Evaluación del impacto del aprovechamiento forestal en Los Mogos, Península de Osa, Costa Rica. RESUMEN Rolvis Pérez Ribera Esta investigación muestra el estado de las poblaciones arbóreas, con énfasis en : Caryocar costarricense Donn. Sm., Qualea paraensis Ducke, Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken, Copaifera camibar Poveda, N. Zamora & P. Sánchez, Peltogyne purpurea Pittier, después de 10 años de intervenido, con distintos sistemas de aprovechamiento, en Los Mogos, Península de Osa, Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce. Para la evaluación se utilizaron cuatro parcelas permanentes de muestreo, establecidas en el año 1990, con esta información y las mediciones del 1992 y 2002, se comparó principalmente las variables de número de árboles y área basal por hectárea, para conocer la respuesta del bosque a la intervención forestal, además se establecieron parcelas temporales para evaluar el estado de las poblaciones de las especies indicadas, en las cercanías a los Mogos. Es evidente que el proceso de recuperación del bosque esta dentro los parámetros esperados. Además, la dinámica de poblaciones de las especies estudiadas no están relacionadas con los efectos del aprovechamiento sino mas bien a aspectos intrínsecos de estas y condiciones ambientales. I ÍNDICE GENERAL RESUMEN...................................................................................................................................I ÍNDICE GENERAL....................................................................................................................II ÍNDICE DE CUADROS........................................................................................................... IV INDICE DE FIGURAS.............................................................................................................VI I. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................... 8 1. 1 OBJETIVOS ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.2 Específicos ....................................................................................................................... 10 II. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA. ....................................................................... 11 2.1 El aprovechamiento Forestal............................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Sistema de aprovechamiento tradicional mejorado (SATM)........................................... 11 2.1.2 Sistema de aprovechamiento con bueyes (SACB)........................................................... 12 2.1.3 Sistema de Aprovechamiento con la combinación bueyes-tractor (SABT)..................... 12 2.1.4 Sistema de aprovechamiento tradicional con tractor (SATT).......................................... 12 2.2 Parcelas Permanentes de Muestreo (PPM) ......................................................................... 12 2.3 Regeneración natural........................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Bases Ecológicas................................................................................................................. 14 2.4.1 Formación y recuperación de claros ................................................................................ 15 2.4.2 Tamaño de los claros........................................................................................................ 16 2.4.3 Ecología de poblaciones................................................................................................... 17 2.4.4 Grupos ecológicos............................................................................................................ 18 2.5 Estructura vertical y horizontal ........................................................................................... 19 2.5.1 Estructura vertical ............................................................................................................ 20 2.5.2 Estructura horizontal ........................................................................................................ 20 2.6 Índices ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.6.1 Índice de valor de importancia (IVI)................................................................................ 22 2.6.2 Índice de Shannon (H) .................................................................................................... 22 2.7 Movimiento de los ingresos y mortalidad de los individuos en el Bosque......................... 23 2.8 Descripción de las especies en estudio................................................................................ 23 2.8.1 Caryocar costaricense Donn. Sm. .................................................................................. 24 2.8.2 Copaifera camibar Poveda, Zamora & P.E. Sánchez...................................................... 26 2.8.3 Peltogyne purpurea Pittier ............................................................................................. 28 2.8.4 Qualea paraensis Ducke................................................................................................. 30 2.8.5 Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken......................................................................................... 32 II. MATERIALES Y METODOS .......................................................................... 33 3.1 Descripción del sitio de estudio, Los Mogos ...................................................................... 33 3.2. Metodología ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Selección de especies para el estudio............................................................................... 35 3.2.2 Levantamiento de la información de campo .................................................................... 36 3.2.3 Metodología de evaluación .............................................................................................. 38 II 3.2.4 Balance general y por sistema de aprovechamiento.........................................................38 3.2.5 Estructura vertical ............................................................................................................39 3.2.6 Estructura horizontal ........................................................................................................ 39 3.2.7 Índice de Shannon ............................................................................................................ 40 3.2.8 Índice de valor de importancia (IVI)................................................................................ 40 3.2.9 Consideraciones finales para el manejo del bosque intervenido en Los Mogos.............. 41 IV. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS ....................... 42 4.1 Estado general del bosque................................................................................................... 42 4.1.1 Balance general de las parcelas permanentes de muestro................................................ 42 4.1.2 Mortalidad e ingresos....................................................................................................... 45 4.1.3 Estado del bosque en las parcelas temporales de muestreo ............................................. 47 4.2 Estructura vertical ............................................................................................................... 48 4.2.1 Distribución por altura total ............................................................................................. 48 4.2.2 Perfiles idealizados de las especies en estudio................................................................. 50 4.3 Estructura horizontal del bosque......................................................................................... 54 4.4 Estado de las poblaciones de las especie en estudio ........................................................... 59 4.5 Índices ................................................................................................................................. 64 4.5.1 Índice de Shannon ............................................................................................................ 64 4.5.2 Índice de valor de importancia (IVI) según sistema de aprovechamiento....................... 65 4.6 Análisis de la regeneración natural de todas las especies y de las especies en estudio ...... 70 4.7 Diagnóstico final para el manejo del bosque intervenido en Los Mogos, Reserva Forestal Golfo Dulce, Península de Osa, Costa Rica.............................................................................. 72 4.7.1 Estado de las poblaciones de brinzales, latizales y fustales, considerando a todas las especies presentes en Los Mogos.............................................................................................. 73 4.7.2 Estado de las poblaciones de brinzales, latizales y fustales, de las especies
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