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M.Sc & Ph.D Thesis of IIHR, Bangalore-89 Abstracts of Ph.D and M.Sc.Theses Research Undertaken at IIHR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (Indian council of Agricultural Research) Hessaraghatta Lake Post Bangalore 560 089, India Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post Bangalore 560 089 Tel.No: +91-80-28466420-423, 28466140-143 Fax: +91-80-28466291 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.iihr.ernet.in Published by : Dr. Amrik Singh Sidhu Director Compiled and Edited by : Dr. Sukhada Mohandas Chairman, Post Graduate Education and Training, Computer assistance: Ms.Bhagabathi Rout and Mr.K.Biju Cover design : Mr. Rajendra Astagi Year of Publication : 2012 Correct Citation : Abstracts of M.Sc. and Ph.D Theses–Research Undertaken at IIHR, Hessarghatta, Bangalore. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore Printed at : Kavitha Enterprises, 12, AGBG Layout, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore 90 CONTENTS No. DIVISION/SECTION NAME Page no. 1. DIVISION OF FRUIT CROPS 1 2. DIVISION OF VEGETABLE CROPS 45 3. DIVISION OF ORNAMENTAL CROPS 118 4. DIVISION OF POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY 154 5. DIVISION OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 197 6. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY & NEMATOLOGY 211 7. DIVISION OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 221 8. DIVISION OF SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY 228 9. DIVISION OF EXTENSION AND TRAINING 238 10. DIVISION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES 239 11. DIVISION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 246 12. SECTION OF MEDICINAL & AROMATIC CROPS 294 13. SECTION OF SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 309 14. SECTION OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 317 DIVISION OF FRUIT CROPS. Ph.D Title : Effect of variety, maturity and season on composition and quality of musts and wines (1982) Chikkasubbanna, UAS, Bangalore, Guide : Dr.K.L.Chadha The effect of variety and maturity on the composition of grapes and wines of Bangalore Blue, Thompson Seedless, Black Champa and Malvasia Bianca Di-wapolis was studied. Fruits from these four varieties were harvested at five different maturity levels and the wines were prepared. Both the musts and wines were analyzed for various organic and inorganic constituents. Distinct variation in organic and inorganic constituents was noticed due to variety, maturity and season. Among the nitrogenous compounds, total nitrogen, protein and proline showed an increasing trend with maturity. Ammonia content was found to decrease in Thompson Seedless and Black Champa whereas in Bangalore Blue and Malvasia Bianca Di-wapolis it increased with maturity. Tannin content increased in Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue and Malvasia Bianca Di-wapolis while in Black Champa it did not show much variation with maturity. Inorganic constituents such as phosphorus, calcium and magnesium increased with maturity in all the varieties. Potassium content increased in Thompson Seedless and Bangalore Blue while in Black Champa and Malvasia Bianca Di-wapolis, it remained unchanged. Iron content increased in Thompson Seedless but not in other varieties. Zinc and Manganese remained constant while copper showed variation between samplings. In wine samples total acidity, tartaric acid and malic acid decreased while pH increased with maturity. The wine prepared from third, fourth and fifth stage of maturity scored higher rankings than wines from earlier samples. The results suggested that a Brix/Acid ratio of about 30±5 is near optimum for making good quality dry wines from these varieties for this region. 1 Ph.D Title : Effect of time and different doses of N and K on growth, yield and quality of Thompson Seedless grape (Vitis vinifera L.) (1983) S.D.Shikhamany, UAS, Bangalore, Guide : Dr.K.L.Chadha A field experiment was carried out with the object of improving the efficiency of nitrogenous and potassic fertilizers by split application in Thompson Seedless grape. Four annual doses, viz., 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg each of N and K2O/ha were tried in 12 split combinations. Application of potassium in April resulted in increased prunings weight in the following April. Higher weights of prunings were associated with reduced number of bunches/vine. Increasing levels of N and K2O resulted in reduced length of the internode below the index leaf in December. Internodal length in December was negatively related to the cane and vine productivity and Brix-yield. Area of the index leaf in May and petiole length in June were positively correlated with mean bunch weight at harvest, though they did not vary significantly among the treatments. Petiole nutrient contents in June did not vary significantly among the treatments, while the interaction effects on the petiole nutrient contents in December were significant. Reciprocal antagonism between N and K was observed. Petiole NO3-N and total N contents correlated positively with the mean bunch weight at harvest. Through the leaf chlorophyll ‘b’ content in December did not vary significantly among the treatments, it was positively related to the reducing sugars content of the berries. Growth and vigour of the vines under all treatment combinations were far in excess than that required for productivity and affected it adversely. A cane load of 50-60/vine was found to be optimum for vines spaced at 3m x 3m. An annual dose of 500 kg each of N and K2O at a P2O5 dose of 500 kg/ha was found to be optimum. Split application of either N or K2O during the growth season was not found to be favourable. 2 Ph.D Title : Studies on growth and productivity of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swing) cv. Kagzi as affected by moisture regimes (1985) H.P.Singh, UAS, Bangalore, Guide : Dr.K.L.Chadha Fruit yield and quality were significantly correlated with consumptive use of water and best fit of line was obtained with quadratic equation for yield and physical quality. The consumptive use of water at productive stage was estimated to be 875 mm year -1. At young age, liner correlation existed between plant growth and consumptive use. Best water use efficiency was obtained at 20 KPa soil moisture potential. Stomatal intensity, cuticular thickness, specific leaf weight and transmission coefficient increased under moisture stress while stomatal size and absorption coefficient decreased. Flushing and leaf fall were cyclic and were affected by soil moisture potential. Mild moisture stress (pre-dawn leaf RWC of 90.97 to 93.00%) followed by alleviation increased the intensity of flushing and flowering. Changes in fruit weight and size exhibited sigmoid pattern and moisture stress at an early period of fruit development (I and II stage) was critical. Moisture stress caused increase in TSS, acidity, sugar and delayed the maturity. Irrigation at 10 KPa increased the yield significantly. Low soil moisture coupled with high evaporative demand caused the accumulation of NO3-N in leaf. Accumulation and partitioning of dry matter, protein, carbohydrates and nutrients were affected by soil moisture potential. Excessive soil moisture at active period of growth was more detrimental for growth than moisture stress as indicated by leaf area increment recovery in conductance. Seed germination percent and radicle growth were significantly reduced with increasing moisture stress monitored by polythelene glycol. 3 Ph.D Title : Studies on growth and development of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit and seed with special reference to hard and soft seededness (1986) B.Prasanna Kumar, UAS, Bangalore, Guide : Dr.A.G.Purohit Studies were conducted in four pomegranates varieties on time of initiation and degree of lignification of seed testa which causes hard seededness. The physicochemical changes during growth and development of fruits were also investigated. Fruit growth pattern in pomegranate followed a simple sigmoid curve almost approaching a liner relationship. Length and breadth of the fruit, fresh weight of rind and weight of seed increased continuously from fruit set to maturity. During most stages of fruit development, the seeds constituted roughly half of the fruit weight. Dry matter content in fruits increased continuously till 50 days of fruit growth and then gradually declined towards maturity, but it seeds, dry matter content increased continuously from fruit set to maturity. Specific gravity of fruits was higher in early stage of fruit development and then gradually declined. TSS increased gradually during fruit development and acid content decreased with maturation of fruits. Both reducing and total sugars continued to increased during the development of fruits. The nitrogen and phosphorus content of both fruits and seeds was maximum and highest immediately after fruit set and second highest nitrogen content was seen at maturity. The potassium content of fruit was highest at 10 and 120 days of fruit growth. The seeds contained very high potassium content both immediately after fruit set and also at maturity. The micronutrient contents of fruits were high initially, after fruit set, they declined in the intermediate stages and finally reached maximum levels at maturity. The seeds had maximum micronutrient immediately after fruit set. Histological studies revealed that after 40 days of seed growth lignification started and it was more pronounced in hard seeded varieties. 4 Ph.D Title : Investigations on the effect of rootstocks in Anab-e-Shahi grape (Vitis vinifera L.) (1988) B.M.Chandrasekhara Reddy, UAS, Bangalore, Guide : Dr.K.L.Chadha An investigation was carried out on the effect of roostocks on Anab-e-Shahi grape employing the rootstocks St. George, Teleki 5-A, Dogridge, 1616, 1613 and Gulabi in comparison with own-rooted vines to identify the most suitable rootstock. Rootstocks Dogridge and 1616 were found to impart vigour to Anab-e-Shahi grape but adversely affected the yield and yield attributes. Rootstock Gulabi lowered most of the vigour attributes and resulted in the highest yield. St.George and 1613 similar vigour attributes as own-rooted vines, but influenced the yield favourably. Rootstocks Gulabi, 1613 and St. George increased the yields through increased fruitfulness of canes. Fruit quality parameters were not influenced by any of the root stocks. Higher levels of total and NC3- N were associated with lower yields in the rootstocks Dogridge and 1616 and it was reverse in Gulabi.
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