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L-o The Peoples of the Caribbean

An Encyclopedia of Archaeology and Traditional Culture

Nicholas J. Saunders

ABCiCLIO

Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England C2e5) Contents

Introduction, ix Map of the Lesser Antilles, xxiii Map oj the Caribbean, xxiv

Accompong, 1 Caonabo (Taino chief), 41 Aesthetic of Brilliance, 2 Carib Territory/Waitukubuli Karifuna Agouti, 3 Community (Dominica), 41 Agiieybana (Taino chief), 3 Caribs, 44 Amazons, 3 Carnival (Trinidad), 52 Anacaona (Taino queen), 6 Casimiroid, 55 Anegada (BVI), 7 Cassava (manioc), 56 Anguilla, 7 Cayman Islands, 59 Anse Des Peres (site, St. Martin), 9 Cayo (pottery), 61 Antigua, 10 Cedros (site, Trinidad), 62 Arauquinoid (pottery), 12 Chancery Lane (site, Barbados), 62 Archaic Period, 13 Chichen Itza Cenote (site, Mexico), 63 Areito, 16 Clifton Plantation, 65 Aruba, 17 Cocoa Panyols, 65 Atajadizo, 18 Cohoba, 66 Columbus, Christopher, 67 Balboa, Vasco Nunez de, 21 Conch, 79 Ball-Game, 22 Coralie (site, Turks and Caicos), 80 Banwari Trace (site, Trinidad), 24 Cozumel, 80 Barbados, 25 Creole/Creolization, 82 Barrancoid, 27 Crocodile, 83 Behechio (Taino chief), 28 Cuba, 84 Betty's Hope (site, Antigua), 29 Cuna, 86 Birds, 31 Curacao, 89 Black Legend, 32 Bonaire, 33 Dabajuroid, 91 Breton, Father Raymond, 34 Darien (Panama), 92 Disease, 93 Cacao, 37 Dogs, 95 Caguana/Capa (site, Puerto Rico), 38 Dominica, 96 Caimito, El, 40 Dominican Republic, 99

Contents Drake Manuscript, 101 La Isabela (site, Dominican Republic), Drax Hall (site, Jamaica), 101 154 Dudley, Sir Robert, 104 La Navidad/En Bas Saline (site, Haiti), Duhos, 104 157 La Sorce (site, Vieques, Puerto Rico), 15! El Dorado, 107 Landfall, Columbus's First, 159 Elenan, 108 Languages, 160 Encomienda, 109 Las Casas, Bartolome de, 162 Los Buchillones (site, Cuba), 165 Galways Plantation, 111 Los Roques Islands (Venezuela), 166 Garifuna (Black Caribs), 112 Lovers' Retreat (site, Tobago), 167 Gold, 114 Lucayans, 168 Golden Rock (site, St. Eustatius), 115 Great Inagua Island, 116 Maisabel (site, Puerto Rico), 171 Grenada, 117 Maize, 172 Guacanagari (Taino chief), 119 Margarita Island (Venezuela), 173 Guadeloupe, 120 Maroons, 174 Guanahatabey, 122 Martinique, 179 Guarionex (Taino chief), 124 Martyr, Peter, 181 Guayabitoid (pottery), 125 Maya, 182 Mayoid (pottery), 186 Hacienda Grande, 127 Meillacan, 186 Haiti, 128 Miskito, 187 Heywoods (site, Barbados), 130 Molasses Reef Wreck, 188 Hillcrest (site, Barbados), 131 Montserrat, 189 Historical Archaeology, 131 Music, 190 Hope Estate (site, St. Martin), 137 Hueca, La (Puerto Rico), 138 Nanny Town (site, Jamaica), 197 Nelson's Dockyard (Antigua), 198 Igneri, 141 New Seville (site, Jamaica), 199 Indian Creek (site, Antigua), 141 Newton Plantation (Barbados), 200 Indian Warner, 142 Norman Estate (site, St. Martin), 201 Nuestra Senora de Atocha, Wreck of, Jamaica, 145 202 Jolly Beach (site, Antigua), 147 Nuestra Senora de la Conception, Wreck of, Jolly John, 147 203 Nuestra Senora de las Maravillas, Wreck of, Kalinago/Kalina, 149 204 Key Marco (site, Florida, USA), 149 Krum Bay (site, St. Thomas), 150 Obeah, 207 Orisha/Shango (Trinidad), 209 La Aleta (site, Dominican Republic), 153 Ortoiroid, 211 vi Contents Osoid, 212 St. Kitts and Nevis, 260 Ostionoid, 212 St. Lucia, 262 Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de, St. Thomas (USVI), 264 213 St. Vincent and the Grenadines, 265 Suazey/Suazoid, 267 Palmetto, 215 Sugar, 268 Palo Seco (site, Trinidad), 216 Pane, Father Ramon, 216 Taino (Arawak), 271 Paradise Park (site, Jamaica), 218 Tancah (site, Mexico), 280 Pearls (gems), 218 Tanki Flip (site, Aruba), 282 Pearls (site, Grenada), 220 Ten Sail, Wreck of the, 283 Pepper Pot, 221 Tobacco, 284 Pitch Lake (site, Trinidad), 221 Tordesillas (Treaty of), 286 Port Royal (Jamaica), 223 Tortola (BVI), 286 Puerto Real (site, Haiti), 225 Toussaint L'Ouverture, 288 Puerto Rico, 227 Trees, Spiritual Importance of, 288 Trinidad and Tobago, 290 Ralegh, Sir Walter, 231 Troumassoid, 297 Rastafarianism, 232 Tulum (site, Mexico), 298 Ronquinan, 236 Turks and Caicos, 300 Turtles, 301 Saladoid, 239 Salt River (site, St. Croix), 240 Underwater Archaeology, 303 Santa Rosa Carib Community (Arima, Trinidad), 241 Vespucci, Amerigo, 311 Santeria, 245 Vodoun,312 Shamanism, 248 Silver Sands (site, Barbados), 251 Warao, 317 Sint Maarten/Saint-Martin, 252 Water Island (USVI), 319 Slavery, 253 White-on-Red Pottery (W-O-R), 319 St. Croix (USVI), 256 St. Eustatius, 258 Zemis, 321 St. John (USVI), 259 Zic Pottery, 325

Bibliography, 327 Index, 387 About the Author, 399

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