DOCSLIB.ORG

Neural Interfacing Architecture Enables Enhanced Motor Control and Residual Limb Functionality Postamputation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Neural Interfacing Architecture Enables Enhanced Motor Control and Residual Limb Functionality Postamputation Neural interfacing architecture enables enhanced motor control and residual limb functionality postamputation Shriya S. Srinivasana,b,c,1, Samantha Gutierrez-Arangoa, Ashley Chia-En Tengd, Erica Israela, Hyungeun Songa,b, Zachary Keith Baileya,e, Matthew J. Cartya,f,c, Lisa E. Freeda,b, and Hugh M. Herra,c,1 aMIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Biomechatronics Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; bHarvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; dDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; eDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80920; and fDivision of Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 Edited by Peter L. Strick, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and approved December 30, 2020 (received for review September 16, 2020) Despite advancements in prosthetic technologies, patients with excurse, causing cocontraction of muscles and changing gait amputation today suffer great diminution in mobility and quality patterns (11–14). Together, these peripheral and central modi- of life. We have developed a modified below-knee amputation fications result in the poor production of efferent signals for (BKA) procedure that incorporates agonist–antagonist myoneural direct myoelectric control (15, 16). To compensate for these interfaces (AMIs), which surgically preserve and couple agonist– shortcomings, considerable effort has been spent on developing antagonist muscle pairs for the subtalar and ankle joints. AMIs are and deploying pattern-recognition–based myoelectric control designed to restore physiological neuromuscular dynamics, enable strategies (17–19). However, even with these advanced myo- bidirectional neural signaling, and offer greater neuroprosthetic electric devices and controllers, end users find their operation controllability compared to traditional amputation techniques. In cumbersome and time consuming (20). Motor control is also this prospective, nonrandomized, unmasked study design, 15 sub- challenged by the lack of proprioceptive sensory feedback from jects with AMI below-knee amputation (AB) were matched with 7 prostheses (12, 21–23). Together, the limitations of the current subjects who underwent a traditional below-knee amputation amputation approaches significantly lower the quality of life for (TB). AB subjects demonstrated significantly greater control of persons with amputation (24–27). ENGINEERING their residual limb musculature, production of more differentiable In recognition of these shortcomings, surgical researchers have efferent control signals, and greater precision of movement com- recently begun to explore new strategies to modify standard pared to TB subjects (P < 0.008). This may be due to the presence amputation procedures. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) of greater proprioceptive inputs facilitated by the significantly (28, 29) and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) higher fascicle strains resulting from coordinated muscle excursion (30, 31) represent approaches that are designed to provide greater in AB subjects (P < 0.05). AB subjects reported significantly greater efferent motor signals for myoelectric control and mitigate neuroma phantom range of motion postamputation (AB: 12.47 ± 2.41, TB: – pain. However, neither approach offers muscle tendon afferent NEUROSCIENCE 10.14 ± 1.45 degrees) when compared to TB subjects (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AB subjects also reported less pain (12.25 ± 5.37) Significance than TB subjects (17.29 ± 10.22) and a significant reduction when compared to their preoperative baseline (P < 0.05). Compared with Despite advancements in prosthetic technologies, persons with traditional amputation, the construction of AMIs during amputa- amputation today suffer great diminution in mobility and tion confers the benefits of enhanced physiological neuromuscular quality of life. This is largely due to an outdated amputation dynamics, proprioception, and phantom limb perception. Subjects’ paradigm that precludes efficacious communication between activation of the AMIs produces more differentiable electromyog- the residual limb and prosthesis. An amputation method uti- raphy (EMG) for myoelectric prosthesis control and demonstrates lizing agonist–antagonist myoneural interfaces (AMIs) con- more positive clinical outcomes. structs neuromuscular substrates in the residual limb to avail enhanced sensorimotor signaling. In our study, subjects with neural engineering | amputation | physiology | sensory feedback | AMI amputation demonstrate improved motor control, phan- prosthetics tom sensations, range of motion, and decreased pain when compared to patients with traditional amputation. With the he standard-of-care surgical approach to amputation has not demonstrated increases in motor coordination and position Tseen considerable innovation since its conception in the mid- differentiation, our results suggest that patients with AMI 1800s (1), despite significant progress in biomechatronics and amputation will be able to more efficaciously control bionic advanced reconstructive techniques. The typical amputation prostheses. procedure neglects neurological substrates and disrupts key neuromuscular relationships responsible for bidirectional (ef- Author contributions: S.S.S., M.J.C., and H.M.H. designed research; S.S.S., S.G.-A., E.I., H.S., ferent, afferent) signaling. The deafferentation of lower motor Z.K.B., M.J.C., and L.E.F. performed research; S.S.S., S.G.-A., A.C.-E.T., E.I., Z.K.B., M.J.C., and L.E.F. analyzed data; and S.S.S., M.J.C., L.E.F., and H.M.H. wrote the paper. neurons triggers central reorganization of motor circuits, which Competing interest statement: H.M.H., M.J.C., and S.S.S. hold a patent related to AMI negatively impacts motor imagery and motor coordination (2, 3) surgical amputation procedures. and results in significant neuroma pain (4–6), phantom pain (7), This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. and maladaptive or diminishing phantom sensation (8–10). ’ This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- Phantom sensation, the perception of one s phantom limb while NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND). at rest and in motion, is an important component of motor im- 1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: [email protected] or hherr@media. agery utilized in the preparation of motor control commands and mit.edu. can be a source of chronic irritation, if unpleasant. The hap- This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/ hazard arrangement and myodesis of residual musculature fur- doi:10.1073/pnas.2019555118/-/DCSupplemental. ther constrain the ability for individual muscles to dynamically Published February 15, 2021. PNAS 2021 Vol. 118 No. 9 e2019555118 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019555118 | 1of8 Downloaded by guest on September 24, 2021 proprioceptive signaling, which is physiologically mediated by reinnervation (38), and another had undergone an osteomyoplastic “Ertl” agonist–antagonist muscle dynamics and critical for trajectory amputation (39, 40), techniques not specifically aimed at restoring mus- planning, fine motor control, and reflexes (32, 33). culotendinous proprioceptive feedback. Since our outcome measures were The agonist–antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) is a more largely targeted on aspects influenced by musculotendinous propriocep- recent surgical approach and neural interfacing strategy designed tion, we grouped these subjects in the TB category. to augment volitional motor control and restore muscle–tendon – Randomization and Blinding. Participant allocation was nonrandomized, and proprioception (11, 12, 34 37) by surgically coapting agonist and the study was not blinded as the AB cohort was drawn from a pool of patients antagonist muscles to restore natural physiological muscle pairing who had previously undergone the AMI BKA procedure at the Brigham and and dynamics. When the agonist muscle contracts, the antagonist Women’s Hospital (under NCT03374319) by Matthew Carty. Willingness to muscle stretches (or vice versa), giving rise to musculotendinous enroll in complementary functional outcomes testing at MIT was included as afferent feedback from muscle spindle fibers (length and velocity) an eligibility criterion for enrollment in the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Golgi tendon organs (force). For each joint in a bionic limb, trial. Each subject in the TB cohort was prospectively matched to a subject one AMI is surgically constructed in the residuum. Functional within the AMI group to the degree possible based on age and time since electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the antagonist muscle of amputation. the AMI can provide force or position feedback onto the agonist (or vice versa) from a bionic prosthesis to inform the user of Interventions. Participants in the AB cohort had received two surgically prosthetic torque or position, respectively (11). In Clites et al. (11), constructed AMIs in their residuum during their amputation according to the method described in ref. 12 (Fig. 1A). Briefly, AMIs were constructed for the an early human subject with an AMI amputation demonstrated ankle and subtalar joints; the tibialis anterior (TA) and lateral gastrocnemius dynamic muscle excursions, individualized contraction of each (LG) were
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sensory History Matters for Visual Representation: Implications for Autism
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2015 Sensory History Matters for Visual Representation: Implications for Autism David Alexander Kahn University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Cognitive Psychology Commons, and the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Kahn, David Alexander, "Sensory History Matters for Visual Representation: Implications for Autism" (2015). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1071. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1071 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1071 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sensory History Matters for Visual Representation: Implications for Autism Abstract How does the brain represent the enormous variety of the visual world? An approach to this question recognizes the types of information that visual representations maintain. The work in this thesis begins by investigating the neural correlates of perceptual similarity & distinctiveness, using EEG measurements of the evoked response to faces. In considering our results, we recognized that the effects being measured shared intrinsic relationships, both in measurement and in their theoretic basis. Using carry- over fMRI designs, we explored this relationship, ultimately demonstrating a new perspective on stimulus relationships based around sensory history that best explains the modulation of brain responses being measured. The result of this collection of experiments is a unified model of neural response modulation based around the integration of recent sensory history into a continually-updated reference; a "drifting- norm." With this novel framework for understanding neural dynamics, we tested whether cognitive theories of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might have a foundation in altered neural coding for perceptual information.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neural Dynamics of Perceptual Adaptation to Degraded Speech
    Julia Erb: The neural dynamics of perceptual adaptation to degraded speech. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2014 (MPI Series in Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; 159) The neural dynamics of perceptual adaptation to degraded speech Impressum Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 2014 Diese Arbeit ist unter folgender Creative Commons-Lizenz lizenziert: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 Druck: Sächsisches Druck- und Verlagshaus Direct World, Dresden Titelbild: © Moritz Ellerich / RaumZeitPiraten / Fabelphonetikum (rhizome schematic) 2014 ISBN 978-3-941504-43-1 The neural dynamics of perceptual adaptation to degraded speech Der Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazie und Psychologie der Universität Leipzig eingereichte D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Julia Erb, M.Sc. (Neuroscience) geboren am 17. September 1985 in Heilbronn Leipzig, den 14. Februar 2014 Acknowledgements I would like to thank several people who supported me and decisively contributed to my work during the last three years at the Max Planck Institute. First, I cordially thank my supervisor Jonas Obleser. Jonas was incredibly supportive in all stages of this thesis, during the conception, analysis and the publication of the experiments. Thank you for your generous encouragement to my development as a scientist. I am obliged to Erich Schröger and Mark Eckert who agreed to assess my work. I thank my colleagues and friends from the Auditory Cognition group, Björn Herrmann, Sung-Joo Lim, Mathias Scharinger, Antje Strauß, Anna Wilsch and Malte Wöstmann, for fruitful discussions in Tuesday morning group meetings and Friday evening Cantona sessions – I miss them.
    [Show full text]
  • Neural Mechanisms of Actions of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
    Neural Mechanisms of Actions of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation By Kohitij Kar A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Behavioral and Neural Sciences written under the direction of Bart Krekelberg and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Newark, New Jersey January 2015 ©2014 Kohitij Kar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Abstract of the Dissertation Neural Mechanisms of Actions of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation By Kohitij Kar Dissertation Director: Bart Krekelberg There is considerable evidence for clinical and behavioral efficacy of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). The effects range from suppressing Parkinsonian tremors to augmenting human learning and memory. Despite widespread use, the neurobiological mechanisms of action of tES on the intact human brain are unclear. In the work presented in this thesis, I have taken a multi-methodological approach to probe tES mechanisms. First, I studied the electric field spread induced by the application of tES, behaviorally. Second, I examined the behavioral effects of tES on human motion perception. I observed that tES (10 Hz, 0.5 mA) applied over area hMT+ (a brain area specialized in processing visual motion) attenuates motion adaptation. This result led to the hypothesis that tES-induced membrane voltage modulations reduce adaptation in motion-selective neurons. Finally, I tested this hypothesis by directly measuring tES-induced neural activity changes in a homologous area in the macaque brain (area MT). Tuning curve estimates of macaque MT neurons showed that tES attenuated the effects of visual motion adaptation on tuning amplitude and width.
    [Show full text]
  • Cortical Mechanisms of Adaptation in Auditory Processing
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Cortical Mechanisms Of Adaptation In Auditory Processing Ryan Natan University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Natan, Ryan, "Cortical Mechanisms Of Adaptation In Auditory Processing" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2498. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2498 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2498 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cortical Mechanisms Of Adaptation In Auditory Processing Abstract Adaptation is computational strategy that underlies sensory nervous systems’ ability to accurately encode stimuli in various and dynamic contexts and shapes how animals perceive their environment. Many questions remain concerning how adaptation adjusts to particular stimulus features and its underlying mechanisms. In Chapter 2, we tested how neurons in the primary auditory cortex adapt to changes in stimulus temporal correlation. We used chronically implanted tetrodes to record neuronal spiking in rat primary auditory cortex during exposure to custom made dynamic random chord stimuli exhibiting different levels of temporal correlation. We estimated linear non-linear model for each neuron at each temporal correlation level, finding that neurons compensate for temporal correlation changes through gain-control adaptation. This experiment extends our understanding of how complex stimulus statistics are encoded in the auditory nervous system. In Chapter 3 and 4, we tested how interneurons are involved in adaptation by optogenetically suppressing parvalbumin-positive (PV) and somatostatin- positive (SOM) interneurons during tone train stimuli and using silicon probes to record neuronal spiking in mouse primary auditory cortex.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics of a Mutual Inhibition Between Pyramidal Neurons Compared To
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.113324; this version posted September 1, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Dynamics of a mutual inhibition between pyramidal neurons compared to human perceptual competition Authors/Affiliations *N. Kogo 1 Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands F. B. Kern School of Life Sciences, Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, United Kingdom T. Nowotny School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, United Kingdom R. van Ee Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands Brain and Cognition, University of Leuven, Belgium R. van Wezel Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands Biomedical Signals and Systems, MedTech Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands T. Aihara Graduate School of Brain Sciences, Tamagawa University, Japan 1 Correspondence: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.113324; this version posted September 1, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Neural competition plays an essential role in active selection processes of noisy and ambiguous input signals and it is assumed to underlie emergent properties of brain functioning such as perceptual organization and decision making. Despite ample theoretical research on neural competition, experimental tools to allow neurophysiological investigation of competing neurons have not been available.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Sensorimotor System in the Athletic Shoulder Joseph B
    Journal of Athletic Training 2000;35(3):351–363 © by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, Inc www.journalofathletictraining.org The Role of the Sensorimotor System in the Athletic Shoulder Joseph B. Myers, MA, ATC; Scott M. Lephart, PhD, ATC Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Objective: To discuss the role of the sensorimotor system as dressed. A functional rehabilitation program addressing aware- it relates to functional stability, joint injury, and muscle fatigue ness of proprioception, restoration of dynamic stability, facili- of the athletic shoulder and to provide clinicians with the tation of preparatory and reactive muscle activation, and necessary tools for restoring functional stability to the athletic implementation of functional activities is vital for returning an shoulder after injury. athlete to competition. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, and Conclusions/Recommendations: After capsuloligamen- CINAHL from 1965 through 1999 using the key words “propri- tous injury to the shoulder joint, decreased proprioceptive input oception,” “neuromuscular control,” “shoulder rehabilitation,” to the central nervous system results in decreased neuromus- and “shoulder stability.” cular control. The compounding effects of mechanical instabil- Data Synthesis: Shoulder functional stability results from an ity and neuromuscular deficits create an unstable shoulder interaction between static and dynamic stabilizers at the shoul- joint. Clinicians should not only address the mechanical insta- der. This interaction is mediated by the sensorimotor system. bility that results from joint injury but also implement both After joint injury or fatigue, proprioceptive deficits have been traditional and functional rehabilitation to return an athlete to demonstrated, and neuromuscular control has been altered.
    [Show full text]
  • The Functional Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Signal Suppression Or Neural Noise Generation?
    The Functional Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Signal Suppression or Neural Noise Generation? Justin A. Harris1, Colin W. G. Clifford1, and Carlo Miniussi2,3 Downloaded from http://mitprc.silverchair.com/jocn/article-pdf/20/4/734/1759438/jocn.2008.20048.pdf by guest on 18 May 2021 Abstract & Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular tool cortex and measured its effect on a simple visual discrimina- for mapping perceptual and cognitive processes in the human tion task, while concurrently manipulating the level of image brain. It uses a magnetic field to stimulate the brain, modifying noise in the visual stimulus itself. TMS increased thresholds ongoing activity in neural tissue under the stimulating coil, overall; and increasing the amount of image noise systemati- producing an effect that has been likened to a ‘‘virtual lesion.’’ cally increased discrimination thresholds. However, these two However, research into the functional basis of this effect, essen- effects were not independent. Rather, TMS interacted multipli- tial for the interpretation of findings, lags behind its appli- catively with the image noise, consistent with a reduction in cation. Acutely, TMS may disable neuronal function, thereby the strength of the visual signal. Indeed, in this paradigm, there interrupting ongoing neural processes. Alternatively, the ef- was no evidence that TMS independently added noise to the fects of TMS have been attributed to an injection of ‘‘neural visual process. Thus, our findings indicate that the ‘‘virtual le- noise,’’ consistent with its immediate and effectively random sion’’ produced by TMS can take the form of a loss of signal depolarization of neurons. Here we apply an added-noise para- strength which may reflect a momentary interruption to on- digm to test these alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Cortical Stimulation Consolidates and Reactivates Visual
    OPEN Cortical stimulation consolidates and SUBJECT AREAS: reactivates visual experience: neural PERCEPTION CONSCIOUSNESS plasticity from magnetic entrainment of PSYCHOLOGY VISUAL SYSTEM visual activity Hsin-I Liao1,3, Daw-An Wu1, Neil Halelamien2 & Shinsuke Shimojo1,2 Received 15 March 2013 1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, USA, 2Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Accepted USA, 3NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Japan. 2 July 2013 Published Delivering transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shortly after the end of a visual stimulus can cause a 18 July 2013 TMS-induced ‘replay’ or ‘visual echo’ of the visual percept. In the current study, we find an entrainment effect that after repeated elicitations of TMS-induced replay with the same visual stimulus, the replay can be induced by TMS alone, without the need for the physical visual stimulus. In Experiment 1, we used a subjective rating task to examine the phenomenal aspects of TMS-entrained replays. In Experiment 2, we Correspondence and used an objective masking paradigm to quantitatively validate the phenomenon and to examine the requests for materials involvement of low-level mechanisms. Results showed that the TMS-entrained replay was not only should be addressed to phenomenally experienced (Exp.1), but also able to hamper letter identification (Exp.2). The findings have H.I.L. (liao.hsini@lab. implications in several directions: (1) the visual cortical representation and iconic memory, (2) ntt.co.jp) experience-based plasticity in the visual cortex, and (3) their relationship to visual awareness. ranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for stimulating the human brain.
    [Show full text]
  • Proprioception in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Defne Kaya • Baran Yosmaoglu Mahmut Nedim Doral Editors
    ManagingProprioception Dismounted in ComplexOrthopaedics, Blast Injuries inSports Military Medicine & Civilian and SettingsRehabilitation Guidelines and Principles Defne Kaya BaranJoseph Yosmaoglu Galante MahmutMatthew Nedim J. Martin Doral EditorsCarlos Rodriguez Wade Gordon Editors 123123 Proprioception in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Defne Kaya • Baran Yosmaoglu Mahmut Nedim Doral Editors Proprioception in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Editors Defne Kaya Baran Yosmaoglu Department of Physiotherapy Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Uskudar University Baskent University Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Istanbul Baglıca/Ankara Turkey Turkey Mahmut Nedim Doral Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Ufuk University Ankara Turkey ISBN 978-3-319-66639-6 ISBN 978-3-319-66640-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66640-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018933024 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Duration-Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time
    Research Articles: Behavioral/Cognitive Duration-selectivity in right parietal cortex reflects the subjective experience of time https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0078-20.2020 Cite as: J. Neurosci 2020; 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0078-20.2020 Received: 12 January 2020 Revised: 9 June 2020 Accepted: 4 August 2020 This Early Release article has been peer-reviewed and accepted, but has not been through the composition and copyediting processes. The final version may differ slightly in style or formatting and will contain links to any extended data. Alerts: Sign up at www.jneurosci.org/alerts to receive customized email alerts when the fully formatted version of this article is published. Copyright © 2020 Hayashi and Ivry This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. 1 Title 2 Duration-selectivity in right parietal cortex reflects the 3 subjective experience of time 4 5 Abbreviated title 6 Parietal cortex reflects the subjective time 7 8 Authors 9 Masamichi J. Hayashia,b,c and Richard B. Ivrya 10 11 aDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720- 12 1650. 13 bCenter for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information 14 and Communications Technology, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan 15 cGraduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565- 16 0871, Japan. 17 18 Corresponding Author 19 Masamichi J. Hayashi, Ph.D. 20 Email: [email protected] 21 22 Number of pages 23 33 pages 24 25 Number of figures and tables 26 6 figures and 1 table 27 28 Number of words 29 250 words for abstract, 669 words for introduction, and 1,536 words for discussion 30 31 Conflict of interests 32 The authors declare no competing financial interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Bokkon Et Al., Afterimage, Revisioned 24. Feb. Accepted Mar 15 2011
    Visible light induced ocular delayed bioluminescence as a possible origin of negative afterimage 2011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.03.011 1,2 2,3,4,5 6 6 7,8 9 10 Bókkon I.* Vimal R.L.P. Wang C. Dai J. Salari V. Grass F. Antal I. 1Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; 2Vision Research Institute, 25 Rita Street, Lowell, MA 01854 USA and 428 Great Road, Suite 11, Acton, MA 01720 USA; 3Dristi Anusandhana Sansthana, A-60 Umed Park, Sola Road, Ahmedabad-61, Gujrat, India; 4Dristi Anusandhana Sansthana, c/o NiceTech Computer Education Institute, Pendra, Bilaspur, C.G. 495119, India; 5Dristi Anusandhana Sansthana, Sai Niwas, East of Hanuman Mandir, Betiahata, Gorakhpur, U.P. 273001, India; 6Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, China; 7Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Kerman, Iran 8Afzal Research Institute, Kerman, Iran 9Department for Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna; 10Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; *Corresponding author: István BÓKKON Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected] Corresponding author’s Address: H-1238 Budapest, Lang E. 68. Hungary Corresponding author’s Phone: +36 20 570 6296 Corresponding author’s Fax: + 36 1 217-0914 1 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com Abstract The delayed luminescence of biological tissues is an ultraweak reemission of absorbed photons after exposure to external monochromatic or white light illumination. Recently, Wang, Bókkon, Dai and Antal (Brain Res. 2011) presented the first experimental proof of the existence of spontaneous ultraweak biophoton emission and visible light induced delayed ultraweak photon emission from in vitro freshly isolated rat’s whole eye, lens, vitreous humor and retina.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Plasticity in the Adult Somatosensory Cortex
    Seasonal plasticity in the adult somatosensory cortex Saikat Raya,b,1, Miao Lic,d, Stefan Paul Koche,f, Susanne Muellere,f, Philipp Boehm-Sturme,f, Hong Wangc,d, Michael Brechta, and Robert Konrad Naumannc,d,1 aBernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; bDepartment of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; cChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; dShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, 518055 Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; eDepartment of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; and fNeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany Edited by David Fitzpatrick, Max Planck Florida Institute, Jupiter, FL, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Hopi E. Hoekstra October 22, 2020 (received for review January 6, 2020) Seasonal cycles govern life on earth, from setting the time for the effect and entails a reduction in body weight, skull, and brain size mating season to influencing migrations and governing physio- during autumn and winter (11–15). We explore this effect in logical conditions like hibernation. The effect of such changing
    [Show full text]