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European science review № 3–4 2015 March–April «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH Vienna 2015 European Sciences review Scientific journal № 3–4 2015 (March–April) ISSN 2310-5577 Editor-in-chief Lucas Koenig, Austria Consulting editors Uwe Eisenberg, Austria Minik Olsen, Sweden International editorial board Melinda Boros, Hungary Miroslavka Murkovič, Slovenia Jana Ilyna, Russia Wu Pan, China Dragan Novak, Croatia Dirk Eggers, Germany Yashkova Tatiana, Russia Proofreading Kristin Theissen Cover design Andreas Vogel Additional design Stephan Friedman Editorial office European Science Review “East West” Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Am Gestade 1 1010 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ew-a.org European Science Review is an international, German/English/Russian language, peer-reviewed journal. It is published bimonthly with circulation of 1000 copies. The decisive criterion for accepting a manuscript for publication is scientific quality. All research articles published in this journal have undergone a rigorous peer review. Based on initial screening by the editors, each paper is anonymized and reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Recommending the articles for publishing, the reviewers confirm that in their opinion the submitted article contains important or new scientific results. Instructions for authors Full instructions for manuscript preparation and submission can be found through the “East West” Association GmbH home page at: http://www.ew-a.org. Material disclaimer The opinions expressed in the conference proceedings do not necessarily reflect those of the «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, the editor, the editorial board, or the organization to which the authors are affiliated. © «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Publisher. Typeset in Berling by Ziegler Buchdruckerei, Linz, Austria. Printed by «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Vienna, Austria on acid-free paper. Environmentally sound technologies for growing soybeans Section 1. Biology Bozhbanov Alikhan Zhaksybekovich, c. b. s., associated professor Djakupova Inkar Borisovna, мaster of Ecology, сenior lecturer, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, E‑mail: [email protected] Environmentally sound technologies for growing soybeans Abstract: The comprehensive study confirm that the use of resource-saving technologies of cultivation of soy- based optimal scheme of crop rotation in crop rotation crop rotation, the use of techniques to minimize tillage, ap- plication of environmentally sound herbicides enhances productivity agrophytocenosis soybean with the rational use of all resources. Keywords: soybean, agroecosystem, agrophytocenosis, agriculture, safe technology. The main task of modern agricultural science is to ensure should be based on the system method as a precondition for sustainable production of high-quality organic products, max- the successful development of agriculture. More K. A. Timiri- imum usage natural energy potential of the agrarian ecological azev noted that unilateral hobby any idea, point of view, never system, preservation and reproduction of the natural resource can bring more harm than in agriculture [3]. base of the agricultural sector, the exclusion and minimizing At the present stage of agricultural production the Repub- the negative impact of the process of agricultural production lic of Kazakhstan, holding leading positions in the grain mar- on the environment. Search and development of environmen- ket, actively ramping up production of promising oil crops, tally sound technologies for crop production are particularly one of which is soy [4; 5]. Soybeans — most technological relevant as they comply with the principles of environmental plant, from which produce more than 20,000 food products management. And currently in agricultural production as a of different purposes, and is a source of cheap vegetable oil priority put forward implementation of resource of environ- and protein feed. Soy proteins to amino acids at the level of mentally sound technologies of cultivation of agricultural quality beef of the highest category, and for medical and well- crops. These include technologies with minimal, zero tillage ness characteristics they have no equal. The cost price of soy with application of elements of intensive technology of herbi- protein raw material is 27 times cheaper than animal protein cides. The use of these elements in cropping allows to signifi- production. Soybean is one of the most popular crops in cantly reducing energy consumption per unit of production. agriculture, because of its biological features — provide up Take into account that used the correct intensive technologies to 75 % their need and the need to follow her in the rotation should fit into the biogeochemical cycling of resources and crops in nitrogen nutrition [3; 5]. create sustainable agrophytocenoses. At the same time con- In Kazakhstan, the most favorable natural and climatic trol over the technology parameters crop reveals hidden forms zone for the cultivation of this crop is the south-eastern region of violations of the stability and fast enough to maintain the and in recent years there is a trend of increasing crop areas stability of agro-ecosystems. from 32 thousand hectares in 2008 to 54 thousand hectares Today, the transition to sustainable agricultural growth in 2010. But with yields of this valuable crop on average in re- identified two global trends in agriculture. The first involves cent years has made — 11–12 hundredweight/ha at low grain the development of agriculture of all countries in the world quality indicators, although optimal performance nutrient sta- through the use of environmentally friendly alternative agricul- tus of soils that culture provides the grain yield of 30–35 hun- tural technologies, rational distribution of productive forces, dredweigh/ha with a high fat content and protein.In recent providing expanded reproduction of biological resources and years, due to the changed economic conditions changed and their savings. Second — solving problems of industrial rela- the zonal approach to technology, systems of agriculture. tions and the reform of the country’s agro-industrial complex. Therefore, new technologies aimed at improving the But at present poorly understood ecological, economic and productivity of crops, production of ecologically pure pro- technological nature and causes of adverse events in agricul- duction and soil conservation, and taking into account the tural production. Therefore, the modern scientific approach latest achievements of modern science. The comprehensive 3 Section 1. Biology study confirm that the application resource technology soy- soy isolates and others [2]. From soybean seeds produced bean cultivation on the basis of the optimal scheme of crop products for the manufacture of several sorts of different rotation in crop rotation crop rotation, the use of techniques products. In world practice, soybean grain is mainly used to minimize tillage, application of environmentally sound for processing into oil and meal and cake — as a valuable ad- herbicides enhances productivity agrophytocenosis soybean dition to the high-protein feed. The food industry is widely with the rational use of all resources. Minimizing tillage and used defatted soy flour for making bread, cereals and con- herbicide use has a significant impact on the phytosanitary fectionery. High dietary value of soybean products. Unlike condition of crops, stabilizing the ecological condition agro- meat soy contains cholesterol and saturated fatty acids which phytocenosis, while the share of the cultural component is in- lead to heart disease, cancer and osteoporosis.It is noticed creased from 46.0 to 65.2–68.7 %, the number of weeds is that soy is effective in reducing blood cholesterol, improves reduced to 21.9 –31.8 units/m 2, which corresponds to the the glucose content in it for diabetes, strengthens bones, economic threshold. Soybean yields increased from 21.8 hun- prevents the development of heart disease and blood ves- dredweight/ha to 32.1 hundredweight/ha, the production sels, reduces the risk of kidney stones and liver [4; 5]. In cost is reduced from 3.7 to 2.8 thousand tg/hundredweight. soy contains very rare omega 3 needed for brain develop- Cultivation of soybeans in the developed technology provides ment in infants, reduces the risk of heart disease and cancer. a net income in the range of 28.2 thousand tenge per hect- It is full of anticarcinogenic substances that prevent and stop are and increased profitability to 56.1 %. Soybean universal the development of cancer [6]. culture has great versatility, nutritional, medicinal, fodder, Depending on the application of fertilizers and crop rota- technical and agronomic importance. In world agriculture tion crop rotation precursors in bulk density topsoil ranges soybeans, due to its remarkable properties, is widespread. from 1.16 g/cm 3 (after winter wheat) to 1.24 g/cm 3 (after The seeds of this culture are 35–42 % high quality amino the rape) and 1.33 g/cm 3 (at cultivation soybeans stretch). acid composition of the protein, 17–24
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