Periyar and Pamba River Basin

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Periyar and Pamba River Basin The Periyar River with a length of 228 km is the second longest river of this basin. It rises from the forest –clad Sivagiri peak, 80 km. south of Devikulam at an elevation of 2,438 m above sea level. The total drainage area of the river is 5,243 sq. km., out of which 113 sq. km. lies in Tamil Nadu. The Pamba is the third longest river of the basin. It is 177 Km. in length with the total drainage area spread of 1961 sq. km. It is formed by the confluence of the rivers Pamba Aar, Kakki Aar, Arudai Aar, Kakkad Aar and kali Aar. Area: Periyar and others Sub Basin consists an area of 21895.21 sq. km. Watershed: Periyar and others sub basin contains of 37 watersheds with size range of 341 – 934 sq. km. Population: 14162844 in 14 districts. Agro ecological zone: Hot humid perhumid ecoregion with red, lateritic and alluvium- derived soils. The other two zones are hot semi-arid eco-region with red loamy soils and the hot sub-humid to semi arid eco-region with coastal alluvium derived soils. Major irrigation projects: Pamba Irrigation Project: This project, located in Pattanamthitta district, aims at the utilization of the waters of Sabarigiri Hydro Electric project for irrigation purpose. The water is let into the river Kakkad, a tributary of Pamba River, and is picked up at Maniyar by a barrage. The water, thus collected is diverted through a canal on the left bank of the river. The project consists of a barrage of length 115.22 m with FRL at 34.62 m. The Pamba Project and its associated structures (Pamba Barrage) have a CCA of 21.13 Th ha and ultimate irrigation potential of 20.72 Th ha. Periyar Valley Irrigation Project: This project envisages the utilization of the tail race discharge from the completed Hydel scheme in the Muthirapuzha tributary of river Periyar together with the controlled release from Ennackal dam constructed by Kerala State Electricity Board under Hydel scheme across the Idamalayar tributary and the dependable run off from the uncontrolled catchment of Periyar river. The project aims for irrigating an area of 32.80 Th ha (CCA) of land lying on the left bank of Periyar river through a network of canal system and controlling devices. Inter-basin Transfer Links: The Pamba – Anchankovil – Vaippar Link: This link proposes to divert 634 Mcum of water from the surplus available in Pamba and Anchankovil basins of Kerala state to Vaippar basin for irrigating an area of 91,400 hectares in the drought prone districts of Tamil Nadu. The length of main canal is 50.68 km, and two tunnels of length 8 km and 9 km exist. Ecological significance: Silent Valley National Park, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Thattekad Bird Sanctuary are located in the basin. Issues Related to the river basin: Pollution: The lower reaches of the Periyar are heavily polluted. Industries in the Eloor industrial zone discharge waste into the river. Greenpeace India describes the lower Periyar as "a cesspool of toxins, which have alarming levels of deadly poisons like DDT, endosulfan, hexa and trivalent chromium, lead, cyanide, BHC”. Illegal sand mining: Illegal sand mining from the Periyar is another major environmental issue. Studies have pointed out that the quantity of sand being mined from the Periyar is at least 30 times the actual quantity that can be taken out without causing damage to the river’s environmental system (Source: The Hindu, October 6, 2013) Dispute: The control and safety of the Mullaperiyar dam on the river and the validity and fairness of the corresponding lease agreement have been points of dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu states .

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Kerala Honeymoon (05 Nights / 06 Days)

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Rain 11 08 2019.Xlsx

Rainfall in 'mm' on 11.08.2019 District River Basin Station Name 11-08-2019 Alappuzha Achencovil Kollakadavu 55.2 Alappuzha Manimala Ambalapuzha 99.3 Alappuzha Muvattupuzha Arookutty 114.4 Alappuzha Muvattupuzha Cherthala 108 Cannanore Anjarakandy Cheruvanchery 96 Cannanore Anjarakandy F.c.s. Pazhassi 93 Cannanore Anjarakandy Kottiyoor 176 Cannanore Anjarakandy Kannavam 72 Cannanore Karaingode Pulingome 167.4 Cannanore Kuppam Alakkode 148.6 Cannanore Peruvamba Kaithaprem 116.2 Cannanore Peruvamba Olayampadi 144.6 Cannanore Ramapuram Cheruthazham 70.2 Cannanore Anjarakandy Maloor 104 Cannanore Valapattanam Mangattuparamba 58.6 Cannanore Anjarakandy Nedumpoil 77.2 Cannanore Valapattanam Palappuzha 80 Cannanore Valapattanam Payyavoor 140 Cannanore Kuppam Alakkode 148.6 Cannanore Valapattanam Thillenkeri 121 Ernakulam Muvattupuzha Piravam 87.2 Ernakulam Periyar Aluva 112.5 Ernakulam Periyar Boothathankettu 79.6 Ernakulam Periyar Keerampara 63.2 Ernakulam Periyar Neriyamangalam 69.8 Idukki Manimala Boyce estate 47 Idukki Muvattupuzha Vannapuram 54.3 Idukki Pambar Marayoor 5.6 Idukki Periyar Chinnar 37 Idukki Periyar FCS Painavu 32.4 Idukki Periyar Kumali 27 Idukki Periyar Nedumkandam 23.8 Idukki Periyar Vandanmedu 34.8 Kasaragod Chandragiri Vidhyanagar 161.8 Kasaragod Chandragiri Kalliyot 142.3 Kasaragod Chandragiri Padiyathadukka 126.4 Kasaragod Karaingode Kakkadavue(cheemeni)fcs 141.8 Kasaragod Manjeswar Manjeswaram 74 Kasaragod Morgal Madhur 145.2 Kasaragod Nileswar Erikkulam 127.4 Kasaragod Shiriya Paika 137 Kasaragod Uppala Uppala 90.5
Classic Kerala

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Bi-Monthly Outreach Journal of National Tiger Conservation Authority Government of India

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1 Issues Pertaining to Peninsular Rivers Wing Interstate Matters: (A) Mullaperiyar Dam Issue 1. on 29-10-1886, a Lease In

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God's Own Country Kerala (6N/7D) Cochin – 1N, Munnar – 2N, Periyar

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Hydro Electric Power Dams in Kerala and Environmental Consequences from Socio-Economic Perspectives

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Environmental Analysis Report for Kerala

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Unique Fish Wealth in Terms of Endemicity and Crypticism of Western Ghats, India

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Biodiversity Status.Qxp

163 BIODIVERSITY STATUS OF FISHES INHABITING RIVERS OF KERALA (S. INDIA) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENDEMISM, THREATS AND CONSERVATION MEASURES Kurup B.M. Radhakrishnan K.V. Manojkumar T.G. School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Cochin 682 016, India E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The identification of 175 freshwater fish- es from 41 west flowing and 3 east flowing river systems of Kerala were confirmed. These can be grouped under 106 ornamental and 67 food fish- es. The biodiversity status of these fishes was assessed according to IUCN criteria. The results showed that populations of the majority of fish species showed drastic reduction over the past five decades. Thirty-three fish species were found to be endemic to the rivers of Kerala. The distributions of the species were found to vary within and between the river systems and some of the species exhibited a high degree of habitat specificity. The diversity and abundance of the species generally showed an inverse relationship with altitude. The serious threats faced by the freshwater fishes of Kerala are mostly in the form of human interventions and habitat alter- ations and conservation plans for the protection and preservation of the unique and rare fish bio- diversity of Kerala are also highlighted. 164 Biodiversity status of fishes inhabiting rivers of Kerala (S.India) INTRODUCTION river. Habitat diversity was given foremost importance during selection of locations within the river system. Kerala is a land of rivers which harbour a rich The sites for habitat inventory were selected based on and diversified fish fauna characterized by many rare channel pattern, channel confinement, gradient and and endemic fish species.