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Abortifacients 77, 109, 124 Abortion, Failed 294 Prostaglandin 295

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Abortifacients 77, 109, 124 Abortion, Failed 294 Prostaglandin 295 Index abortifacients 77, 109, 124 15-methyl-PGFla 247, 275 abortion, failed 294 p-mimetics 208, 209 prostaglandin 295 NSAIDS 124,325, 326, 375 abortion, missed oxytocin 170, 178,239,240 dilatation and evacuation 259 16-phenoxy-PGE2 methyl sulphonylamide prostaglandin use 259, 260 284 route and dose 263 PG analogues and abnormal pregnancy 265 abortion, therapeutic 155,417,418 PGE2, vaginal 291 abdominal pregnancy, methods 255, 256 PGFla 72, 297 antidiarrhoea, premedication 295, 296 PGI 2 356, 357 cervical priming 278-88 prostaglandins and cervical ripening 160 complications of prostaglandin 296-300 prostaglandins and labour induction 173-6, extra-amniotic PGE2 156 190, 191 hazards 127, 128,279 intravenous 174, 178 intra-amniotic prostaglandins and saline local PGE2 189, 190 289,290 oral PGE2 181, 182, 184, 186 intra-uterine instillation 290, 291 PGFla 179-81 laminaria tents 278, 279, 285 prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors 331 live birth 298 saline 255 midtrimester and dilatation and evacuation systemic prostaglandins 154, 155 294,295 alcohol (ethyl alcohol) mortality and methods 299 fetal effects 205 mortality and morbidity 288 hormonal effects 204 prostaglandins used 271, 272 and oxytocin release 204 analogues 275-8, 291-5 placenta passage 205 availability 272 tocolysis 204, 205 first trimester 272-88 amnion, arachidonic acid conversion 68 midtrimester 288-95 amnionitis 268 natural, vaginal delivety 274 amniotic fluid, prostaglandin content 67, 339- second trimester 295-300 41,343 vaginal suppositories 276 in hypertension 346 second trimester management 295-300 amniotic membranes vaccuum aspiration 276 prostaglandin metabolism 253, 254, 339 adrenal cortex, prostaglandin effects 73 role in pregnancy 45 adrenaline, myometrial 74 amniotomy 159 adverse reactions abnormal pregnancy 256 cervical priming 279, 280, 286 labour induction 169, 185 induced abortion and prostaglandin dose, and oxytocin 192 274,295 risks 169 route 290 AMP, cyclic; implantation effects 122 intravenous prostaglandins 264 ampullary-isthmic junction (AI]) 83 laminaria 278, 279, 286 arachidonic acid response 89, 90 magnesium sulphate 205, 218 copper and PGFla effects 91, 93 422 INDEX AIJ - continued morbidity 149 prostaglandin and ETYA effects 88-90 risk factors 152 structure 84 calcium antagonists, dysmenorrhoea 326, 327 analogue development 7-9; see also individual ~alcium entry blockers analogues and prostaglandins cardioprotection 206 analogues tocolysis 206 abnormal pregnancy 257, 262 calcium, sperm effects 135, 137 enzymic attack 22 Cardiff infusion pump 177 first trimester abortion 275-8 catheter half-lives and activity 22, 23 extra-amniotic prostaglandin 156, 157 blood levels 23 multichannelled microtransducer 46 structures 22 central nervous system, prostaglandin produc­ anencephaly 254 tion 372, 373 delivery 266 Cervagem, therapeutic abortion 272 prostaglandin therapy 260 cervical canal routes and doses 261, 262 physiology 31, 32 termination 255 secretory cells 31 angiotensin II cervical dilatation menstrual cycle changes 343 monitoring 47 pregnancy-induced hypertension 348 probe 48 uterine blood flow 350 and ripeness 147 Apgar score, induced labour 149 cervical fistulae 296 arachidonic acid cervical incompetence 46 bioconversion scheme 13, 15 spontaneous abortion 148 cascade 3, 4 cervical mucus conversion, uterine tissues 68 composition 31, 32 decidualization 118 molecular arrangements 32 fetal membrane 69 cervical priming see also cervical ripening formation 4 administer-procedure time 287 glucorticoid effects 10 blood loss, induced abortion 287 metabolism and postpartum haemostasis 236 laminaria 285 rate limiting, prostaglandin synthesis 113 ptostaglandin analogues 281-8 structure 15 15-methyl-PGFla 281-4 artificial insemination, prostaglandin supple­ side-effects 285, 286 ment 134, 135 vaginal suppository 283, 284 aspirin prostaglandin effects 279, 280, 411 and cyclo-oxygenase 18 cervical resistance 48 dysmenorrhoea 324, 325, 330 myometrial activity 49 follicular rupture 101, 102 cervical ripening 33,145-61,411 gestation length 76 clinical importance 151, 152 neonatal bleeding 217 flow diagram 159 neonatal effects 217 and induction 167, 168 prostaglandin metabolism 19 measurement 150, 151, 166 seminal vesicle prostaglandin 133, 134 methods, mechanical 151 ATPase and prostaglandin action 6, 7 parity 150, 151 bioregulation, prostaglandin synthesis 3-6 and parturition 146-53 biosynthesis 15-17 pharmacological 152, 153 prostaglandins 44, 49,153-60,414,415 inhibition 18, 19 NSAID modes of action 322, 323 endocervical 158 Bishop Score 47, 166 extra-amniotic 156, 157 factors 150 hazards 160 modifications 166, 167 intramuscular 156 blastocyst intravenous 156 oestrogen synthesis 111 oral 156 prostaglandin production 115 systemic 155 vaginal 157, 158 Caesarian section vehicles 155, 156 indications 159, 169, 193 and uterine contractility 155 INDEX 423 cervical score 150, 151 and NSAID 16 factors affecting 150 roles 235 cervical smoth muscle, structure and function 44,45 decidualization 117, 118 cervical stroma 32, 33 DNA synthesis 118 proteoglycan 32, 33 factors affecting 118 cervico-vaginal fistula 189 oil and trauma induced 118 cervix delivery biophysical features 40-4 cessation of bleeding 233 closure mechanism 30, 31,146 events 148 collagen bundles 33 9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2, collagen changes in pregnancy 39, 40 uterine contractility 71, 72 compliance 40, 41 derma tan sulphate 34 and corpus in labour 148 size 39 evaluation methods 45-8 dexamethasone, uterine vasculature 121 extensibility 41, 42 diazoxide features 29 tocolysis 211 fibroblasts 35 uses 211 functions 29, 30 2a, 2b-dihomo-15-methyl PGF2• histology 33-44 abnormal pregnancy 262, 263, 265 hormonal effects 49, 50 intramuscular 266 morphology 30 dilatation and evacuation pregnancy and delivery 30, 35 cervical priming 278 chemical 37 and induced midtrimester abortion 294, 295 prostaglandin effects 51, 52 safety 295 prostaglandin priming 42, 43 16,16-dimethyl PGE 2-p-benzaldehyde semicar­ proteoglycan 33 bazone ester ripened, histology 36 abnormal pregnancies 256, 262, 265 stress-strain curve 41,42 intramuscular 266 uterine control 48, 49 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 354 chemotaxis, ovum pick-up 84 therapeutic abortion 299, 300 choriocarcinoma 261 dose, addition and multiplication 178 chorion ductus arteriosus, premature closure and arachidonic acid conversion 68 tocolytics 215 renin 342 dysmenorrhoea 11,315-32 CI-628 and implantation 110 causes, primary and secondary 315 ciliary activity, ovum transport role 84, 85 scheme 319, 320 coagulation disorders 254 cervical activity recording 46 prostaglandin abortion 297, 298 definition 315 cod-liver oil 354, 355 dtugs used 322-8 collagen intracervical pressure 44, 45 proteoglycan, prostaglandin effects 39 intrauterine pressure 318 regulation 37 management 328-30 structure, cervical 34, 35 scheme 328 collagenase 37 secondary 330 cervical and delivery method 42 menstrual fluid volume 318 complications, therapeutic abortion 296-300 NSAID effects 65, 66, 316, 370 copper, tubal muscle response 91, 92 oral contraceptives 328, 329 corpus luteum pain, components 319 granulosa cell culture 103 premenstrual tension 371 life-span, factors affecting 102 prostaglandin roles 316, 317, 320, 370 prostaglandin production sites 103, 104 prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors 330, 331, prostaglandin role 102, 103 418 regression 103 uterine activity 318 cyclic endoperoxides 5 uterine contractiliry 62 formation and synthesis 15, 17 cyclo-oxygenase eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and implantation 123, 124 pathway 354, 355 424 INDEX 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (EYTA), ovi- prostaglandin synthesis 95 duct contractility 88, 89 inhibitors 88, 89 ejaculate, prostaglandins 138 structure 84 ejaculation, prostaglandin effects 137 fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase, properties 17 elastin 38 fatty acids, prostaglandin precursor 14 endometriosis fertility, male and prostaglandins 134-40 aetiological theories 392-6 fetal death animal models 400 labour induction 189, 190 autoimmunity 394 therapeutic abortion 298 coelomic metaplasia 392, 393 fetal development definition 391 exogenous prostaglandins 122, 123 diagnosis, stages 395, 396 and indomethacin 119 incidence 391 fetal heart rate (FHR), induced labour method induction theory 393 183 infertility 392, 394, 396, 398 fetus, plasma prostanoids 340, 341 inflammation 394 hypertension 345, 346 inheritance 393 flufenamic acid, tocolytic 215 laparoscopy 395 follicular fluid, prostaglandins 100, 101 luteinized unruptured follicle 395, 397, 398 follicular growth 99, 100 peritoneal macrophages 400-2 prostaglandins and hormones, 99, 100 prostaglandin role 397 follicular rupture 413 follicular fluid 399 prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors 101, 102 peritoneal fluid 399, 400 gamete transport 11 secretion 399 gastrointestinal tract prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors 401, 402 disorders and prostaglandins 375, 376 recurrence 396, 397 NSAID effects 375 reproductive functions 394, 395 prostaglandins and premenstrual tension 375 surgery 396 glucocorticoids, prostaglandin synthesis inhi­ therapy 396, 397 bition 9-11 types, scanning electron microscopy 401 endometritis, extraovular administration 291 gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) endometrium agonists in endometriosis 396 biopsy effects 63, 64 haemostasis in menstruation 65 prostaglandins 59, 114, 115 half-lives, significance 104 formation 63, 64 histamine PGEz binding sites 115 implantation role 120-2 vascular pattern 64 receptors, uterus 120, 121
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