DOCSLIB.ORG

No. 4917 Multilingual Services Division Department of The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CANADIAN TRANSLATION OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES No. 4917 Some patterns in the life of the plankton of the central Arctic basin by E.A. Pavshtiks Original Title: 0 nekotorykh zakonomernostyakh v zhizni planktona tsentral'nogo arkticheskogo basseina From: Biol. Tsentral'nogo Arkticheskogo Basseina, p. 142-154, 1980 Translated by the Translation Bureau Multilingual Services Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans Arctic Biological Station Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P.Q. 1983 27 pages typescript 1 • 'DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETAR) OR STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DIVISION MULTILINGUES crF■ts •?•?t7 TRANSLATED rROM - TRADuCTION DE - Eh Rus Sian English AUTMOR - AUTEUR Pavshtiks, E.A. TITLE IN LNGLISN - TITRE ANGLAIS Sabine patterns in the life of the plankton of the central Arctic basin TIYI.L IN PORElée. LANGUAGE ITIPAN.5..I 7 E5II - I RC ••,1 URSI 'TITRE Eh LAhGut [TrANGERE CPANI:P PI E. NDmA.hs 0 nekotorykh zakonomernostyakh y zhizni planktona tsentral'nogo arkticheskogo basseina PLREREN:t II. RDRE,GA. EA.I.GoAÇE tAAA't Or br, O. OP rJELICA7a0Ni IN FL!..L , TRANS..I'LANTE R: FCI be. CrARACIERS Ririatf,rt rt., ANG1iTRANGimE lwc».., Eq. IVFC OL• R...Pi..IC•1•:ON:, Au COmr - E1 TrANSr.r•rE EN CArACTÉGES RGAAAINS. Biologiya tsentral'nogo arktichesko;.7o basseina FLU& CRC_ 5.- Ni , EREIntLI.AN:,..•.! Biology of the Central Arctic E.a=in .■■•■ N OR 5.PP-- P. E. :^t; - DITE or F•,..;E_ICI -rICK Du RAGES DAN! ,of • Academy 9f Sciences DATE DE RUBLICATIOA. L • ORIG NA. the USSR te.Sor Nt. 142-182 . _ vo..1.1b41- homir: • C: Or -• RE: RAGES LIE. DE N1N15PE DE RAZ.,EE D•c7Y...OGRAP.oiEE Moscow, USSR 1980 we 71 REQUESTIN DERARTMEN7 Fisheries and Oceans 7RNNELATION BUREAL, NO. 1035889 foliql.F7LRE-cLIEN- N c 7RE DCESIER E3RAN:-. N1 OR DIVISION TRANS:LA.1'0R p.3. H. S.I.F .B. _ • D IREcTION: OU 0!ViSiC ay. TRADuCTEUP. ZINITIALES , PERSON REDuESTING Dr. E.14 . Grainger DENANDi FAR _________ UNEDITED TRANSLATION For information only V OtIF NUMBER vOTRE DOSSIER edc TRADUCTION NON REVISEE Information seulemeut DATE OF ProLrEs- July 9, 1 9E^ DATE DE LA DEMANDE DEC - 2 1982 srs.2D1.1C- t IRE 5. E/elIl crevis si917 3 SOME PATTERNS IN THE LIFE OF THE PLANKTON OF THE CENTRAL ARCTIC BASIN by U.D.C. 577.472(26)577.475 E.A. Pavshtiks Since the drift of Nansen's "Prama", when the first plankton collections were made in the high latitudes of the Arctic (Sars, 1900), our knowledge of the specific composition of the plankton and of its conditions of habitation has been 142 greatly augmented. Samplings taken from the submarines "Nautilus" (Hardy et al., 1936) and "Seadragon" (Grice, 1962), as well as from the drifting station NP-1 (Shirshov, 1938, 1944) and the icebreaker "Sedov" (Bogorov, 1946) yielded valuable information not only with respect to the specific composition of the fauna of the pelagic zone of the Arctic Basin, but also as regards the biology of prolific species of Calanidae. Studies were made of seasonal variations in the age composition of populations, the distinctive character of the vertical distribution of the plankton, the penetration of the Central Arctic Basin by Pacific species/ and other questions. Nevertheless, the findings were clearly inadeauate for purposes of solving a number of zoogeographic problems (Virketis, 1946). This was because the systematiCs and taxonomy of the species of arctic zooplankton lacked clarity, which was later introduced by the investigations of Brodskii (1950, 1959) and Virketis (1957, 1959). Even when arrangements were being made for the regular study of the life in the pelagic zone of the Central Arétic Basin, resolving the problem of plankton productivity was considered the first-priority task. Virketis (1946) 143 in summarising the results of the 25 years of research on the plankton in the Arctic, wrote about the need for studying the interrelationship between organisms, food chains and the cycle of matter in the sea. Such studies began with the commen- cement of regular observations at the "North Pole" drifting stations of the Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute (AANII). Material and methodology. Forming the basis of this study were plankton samplings obtained in the fifties, sixties and seventies by hydrologists of AANII, acting on instructions from the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. A total of 1638 samples of zooplankton were collected at 257 stations, the positions of which are shown in fig. 1. " Pee. 1. éxema pacnonmenlin nnairxioirnwx cranunit 1 - cn-1, 1937 r.. 2 - n/n 'Cano, 1937-1939 rr., 3 - CII-2 - 195d-1957 rr., 4 - C11-16, cn-17, cn-19, C1-1-201 1968-1974 rr. • • Fig. 1. Siting of the plankton stations 1 - NP-1, 1937; 2 - icebreaker "Sedov", 1937-1939; 3 - NP-2 - NP-7, 1950-1957; 4 - NP-16&17, NP-19, NP - 20, 1968-1974. The plankton was collected by Nansen nets (diameter 50 •cm, No. 23 silk mesh) and Juday nets (diameter 37 cm, No. 38 silk mesh). The catches were effected with closing nets. Arctic demersal, Atlantic, intermediate and arctic surficial 144 water masses were seined successively. The material collected was fixed in ethyl alcohol and in part, in 5% formalin. Processing of the samples was done under stationary conditions at the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences in accordance with the standard procedure (Yashnov, 1934; Bogorov, 1957). Results and discussion The fauna of the pelagic zone of the central part of the Arctic Basin has been described in a number of publi- cations (Dogorov, 1946; Brodskii and Nikitin, 1955; Virketis, 1946, 1957; Barnard, 1959; Grainger, 1965; Johnson, 1963; Minoda, 1967 et al.). The most detailed studies were those of the Calanoida. An investigation was begun into the life cycle of the dominant organisms in the plankton (Boaorov, 1946; Pavshtikr;, 1976, 1977; Minoda, 1967). By virtue of year- round observations of the status and development of the plankton on NP-2-NP-7, NP-16, NP-17, NP-19 and NP-20, information on its biomass was obtained. This information was used in compiling a map of the biomass of the seston in the 0-50 m layer during the growing season for eventual incorporation in the Atlas of -Ehe Arctic (Brodskii and Pavshtiks, 1976). The data provide evidence of the fact that during the polar day, beneath the old pack ice in the central part of the Arctic Basin the life is fairly rich in the upper layers of the igater*mass. Constituting the seston, besides detritus, are units of the Medusa (for example, Aeginopsis laurentii), Amphipoda (Gammaridae, Hyperiidae), Chaetognatha (juv.), pelagic shrimps (Decapoda) and pteropod molluscs (Pteropoda: Limacina helicina, Clione limacina), Calanoida .r* 7 (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, Metridia longa, Pareuchaeta norvegica, P. glacialis, Microcalanus pygmaeus) and others. The maximum biomass of the zooDlankton in the 0-50 m layer is normally observed in July, when C. hvperboreus are numerous there. Underwater prominences (ridges, banks, and shoals) are conducive to vertical intermixing of waters, enrichment of the upper layers with biogenic substanues, and consequently, the development of the phytoplankton and of the zooplankton feeding upon it. Some increase in the biomass of the seston during the period July to September is observed in the vicinities of elf. Lomonosov and Mendeleev underwater ridges, and also northwards of the New Siberian Islands and Vrangel Island. During the period July to September between 50 and . 90% of the zooplankton is concentrated near the surface in the 0-25 m layer. During the polar day the biomass of the 3 seston above the Lomonosov Ridge reaches 200-500 mg/m,. Patches of high seston biomass (up to 1000 mg/m 3 ) are found in the east, northwards of Vrangel Island, where modified Atlantic waters occur together with those of Pacific origin. Thus, despite the fact that the plankton population in the centre of the Arctic Basin is much lower than it is in moderate latitudes, in summer the biomass of the plankton 145 near the surface is the same as that in the Greenland Sea during winter and early spring. This is because in the Arctic Basin the large Calanidae (Calanus hyperboreus, Pareuchaeta glacialis), amphipods, pteropod mollusks, chaetognaths, appendicularians and other animals living at great depths further south, inhabit the upper layers of the water. Johnson (1963), citina the findings of drifting station "Alpha", noted that juvenile stages of Metridia longa are present in the plankton throughout a fairly long period and that during the polar night, P. glacialis and P. polaris lay eggs that have rich yolks long before the appearance of the phytomlankton. Apparently these carnivorous copepods have access to food even during the winter, while C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis retain a large Quantity of high caloric fat, which enables them to live without food for a long time in winter. The permanent zooplankton population in the centre of the Arctic Basin is relatively small, which is due to the low productivity of the phytoplankton even during the light period of spring and summer, and to the absence of meroplankton. The attribute of the vast majority of the arctic and abyssal benthic invertebrates to lay vitelline eggs and develop without passing through a larval stage is well known. Thorson (1936) noted that in the open sea to the east of Greenland only 5% of the benthic invertebrates have pelagic larvae. The abundance (population) of the plankton (specimens/ m3 ) changes most noticeably from season to seapon in the 0 - 250 m layer. In the spring and summer, alternating in time, almost all (up to 90%) of the plankton organisms migrate to this layer in order to feed and reproduce.
Recommended publications
  • Meddelelser120.Pdf (2.493Mb)

    Meddelelser120.Pdf (2.493Mb)

    MEDDELELSER NR. 120 IAN GJERTZ & BERIT MØRKVED Environmental Studies from Franz Josef Land, with Emphasis on Tikhaia Bay, Hooker Island '-,.J��!c �"'oo..--------' MikhalSkakuj NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1992 ISBN 82-7666-043-6 lan Gjertz and Berit Mørkved Printed J uly 1992 Norsk Polarinstitutt Cover picture: Postboks 158 Iceberg of Franz Josef Land N-1330 Oslo Lufthavn (Ian Gjertz) Norway INTRODUCTION The Russian high Arctic archipelago Franz Josef Land has long been closed to foreign scientists. The political changes which occurred in the former Soviet Union in the last part of the 1980s resulted in the opening of this area to foreigners. Director Gennady Matishov of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute deserves much of the credit for this. In 1990 an international cooperation was established between the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute (MMBI); the Arctic Ecology Group of the Institute of Oceanology, Gdansk; and the Norwegian Polar Research Institute, Oslo. The purpose of this cooperation is to develope scientific cooperation in the Arctic thorugh joint expeditions, the establishment of a high Arctic scientific station, and the exchange of scientific information. So far the results of this cooperation are two scientific cruises with the RV "Pomor", a vessel belonging to the MMBI. The cruises have been named Sov­ Nor-Poll and Sov-Nor-Po12. A third cruise is planned for August-September 1992. In addition the MMBI has undertaken to establish a scientific station at Tikhaia Bay on Hooker Island. This is the site of a former Soviet meteorological base from 1929-1958, and some of the buildings are now being restored by MMBI.
  • A Systematic and Experimental Analysis of Their Genes, Genomes, Mrnas and Proteins; and Perspective to Next Generation Sequencing

    A Systematic and Experimental Analysis of Their Genes, Genomes, Mrnas and Proteins; and Perspective to Next Generation Sequencing

    Crustaceana 92 (10) 1169-1205 CRUSTACEAN VITELLOGENIN: A SYSTEMATIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THEIR GENES, GENOMES, MRNAS AND PROTEINS; AND PERSPECTIVE TO NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING BY STEPHANIE JIMENEZ-GUTIERREZ1), CRISTIAN E. CADENA-CABALLERO2), CARLOS BARRIOS-HERNANDEZ3), RAUL PEREZ-GONZALEZ1), FRANCISCO MARTINEZ-PEREZ2,3) and LAURA R. JIMENEZ-GUTIERREZ1,5) 1) Sea Science Faculty, Sinaloa Autonomous University, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, 82000, Mexico 2) Coelomate Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Genetics Group, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, 680007, Colombia 3) Advanced Computing and a Large Scale Group, Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, 680007, Colombia 4) Catedra-CONACYT, National Council for Science and Technology, CDMX, 03940, Mexico ABSTRACT Crustacean vitellogenesis is a process that involves Vitellin, produced via endoproteolysis of its precursor, which is designated as Vitellogenin (Vtg). The Vtg gene, mRNA and protein regulation involve several environmental factors and physiological processes, including gonadal maturation and moult stages, among others. Once the Vtg gene, mRNAs and protein are obtained, it is possible to establish the relationship between the elements that participate in their regulation, which could either be species-specific, or tissue-specific. This work is a systematic analysis that compares the similarities and differences of Vtg genes, mRNA and Vtg between the crustacean species reported in databases with respect to that obtained from the transcriptome of Callinectes arcuatus, C. toxotes, Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei obtained with MiSeq sequencing technology from Illumina. Those analyses confirm that the Vtg obtained from selected species will serve to understand the process of vitellogenesis in crustaceans that is important for fisheries and aquaculture. RESUMEN La vitelogénesis de los crustáceos es un proceso que involucra la vitelina, producida a través de la endoproteólisis de su precursor llamado Vitelogenina (Vtg).
  • How Including Ecological Realism Impacts the Assessment of the Environmental Effect of Oil Spills at the Population Level: the A

    How Including Ecological Realism Impacts the Assessment of the Environmental Effect of Oil Spills at the Population Level: the A

    How including ecological realism impacts the assessment of the environmental effect of oil spills at the population level: The application of matrix models for Arctic Calanus species de Vries, P., Tamis, J., Hjorth, M., Jak, R., Falk-Petersen, S., van den Heuvel- Greve, M., ... Hemerik, L. This is a "Post-Print" accepted manuscript, which has been published in "Marine Environmental Research" This version is distributed under a non-commercial no derivatives Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) user license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not used for commercial purposes. Further, the restriction applies that if you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. Please cite this publication as follows: de Vries, P., Tamis, J., Hjorth, M., Jak, R., Falk-Petersen, S., van den Heuvel-Greve, M., ... Hemerik, L. (2018). How including ecological realism impacts the assessment of the environmental effect of oil spills at the population level: The application of matrix models for Arctic Calanus species. Marine Environmental Research, 141, 264- 274. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.008 You can download the published version at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.008 Accepted Manuscript How including ecological realism impacts the assessment of the environmental effect of oil spills at the population level: The application of matrix models for Arctic Calanus species Pepijn de Vries, Jacqueline Tamis, Morten Hjorth, Robbert
  • Tautuglugu Uvani PDF Mi Makpiraanmi

    Tautuglugu Uvani PDF Mi Makpiraanmi

    KANATAUP UKIUQTAQTUNGATA TARIURMIUTANUT NUNANNGUAQ Taanna Nunannguaq kiinaujaqaqtitaujuq ilangani Gordon amma Betty Moore Katujjiqatigiinik. I | Atuqujaujuq takujaujunnarluni: Tariurjualirijikkut Ukiuqtaqtumi Atutsiarnirmut Katujjiqatigiit, Nunarjuarmi Uumajulirijikkut Kiinajangit Kanatami, amma Mitilirijikkut Kanatami. (2018). Kanataup Ukiuqtaqtungata Tariurmiutanut Nunannguaq. Aatuvaa, Antiariu: Tariurjualirijikkut Ukiuqtaqtumi Atutsiarnirmut Katujjiqatigiit. Qaangata ajjinnguanga: Siarnaulluni Nunannguaq Kanataup Ukiuqtaqtungani taassuma Jeremy Davies Iluaniittuq: Nalunaijaqsimattiaqtuq Kanataup Ukiuqtaqtungani Tamanna piliriangujuq laisansiqaqtuq taakuatigut Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Nunarjuarmi Laisansi. Taasumaa laisansimi takugumaguvit, uvungarluti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 uvvaluunniit uvunga titirarlutit Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Ajjinngualimaat © ajjiliurijinut Naasautinga (ISBN): 978-1-7752749-0-2 (paippaamut saqqititat) Naasautinga (ISBN): 978-1-7752749-1-9 (qarasaujatigut saqqititat) Uqalimaagaqarvik amma Tuqquqtausimavik Kanatami AJJIGIINNGITTUT Paippaat kamattiaqtuninngaaqsimajut Paippaarmuuqtajut Kanatami, Vivvuali 2018 100% Pauqititsijunnanngittuq Saqqititaq taassuma Hemlock Saqqititsijikkunnu © 1986 Paannti nalunaikkutaq WWF-Nunarjualimaami Kinaujaqarvik Uumajunut (qaujimajaungmijuq Nunarjualimaamit Uumajunut Kinaujaqarvik). ® “WWF” taanaujuq WWF Atiliuqatausimajuq Ilisarijaulluni. Tunuaniittuq Ajjinnguanga: Imarmiutait piruqtut attatiqanngittut
  • Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas

    Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas

    CANADA’S ARCTIC MARINE ATLAS This Atlas is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. I | Suggested Citation: Oceans North Conservation Society, World Wildlife Fund Canada, and Ducks Unlimited Canada. (2018). Canada’s Arctic Marine Atlas. Ottawa, Ontario: Oceans North Conservation Society. Cover image: Shaded Relief Map of Canada’s Arctic by Jeremy Davies Inside cover: Topographic relief of the Canadian Arctic This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. All photographs © by the photographers ISBN: 978-1-7752749-0-2 (print version) ISBN: 978-1-7752749-1-9 (digital version) Library and Archives Canada Printed in Canada, February 2018 100% Carbon Neutral Print by Hemlock Printers © 1986 Panda symbol WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (also known as World Wildlife Fund). ® “WWF” is a WWF Registered Trademark. Background Image: Phytoplankton— The foundation of the oceanic food chain. (photo: NOAA MESA Project) BOTTOM OF THE FOOD WEB The diatom, Nitzschia frigida, is a common type of phytoplankton that lives in Arctic sea ice. PHYTOPLANKTON Natural history BOTTOM OF THE Introduction Cultural significance Marine phytoplankton are single-celled organisms that grow and develop in the upper water column of oceans and in polar FOOD WEB The species that make up the base of the marine food Seasonal blooms of phytoplankton serve to con- sea ice. Phytoplankton are responsible for primary productivity—using the energy of the sun and transforming it via pho- web and those that create important seafloor habitat centrate birds, fishes, and marine mammals in key areas, tosynthesis.
  • Associations Between North Pacific Right Whales and Their Zooplanktonic Prey in the Southeastern Bering Sea

    Associations Between North Pacific Right Whales and Their Zooplanktonic Prey in the Southeastern Bering Sea

    Vol. 490: 267–284, 2013 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published September 17 doi: 10.3354/meps10457 Mar Ecol Prog Ser FREEREE ACCESSCCESS Associations between North Pacific right whales and their zooplanktonic prey in the southeastern Bering Sea Mark F. Baumgartner1,*, Nadine S. J. Lysiak1, H. Carter Esch1, Alexandre N. Zerbini2, Catherine L. Berchok2, Phillip J. Clapham2 1Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, MS #33, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 2National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA ABSTRACT: Due to the seriously endangered status of North Pacific right whales Eubalaena japonica, an improved understanding of the environmental factors that influence the species’ distribution and occurrence is needed to better assess the effects of climate change and industrial activities on the population. Associations among right whales, zooplankton, and the physical envi- ronment were examined in the southeastern Bering Sea during the summers of 2008 and 2009. Sampling with nets, an optical plankton counter, and a video plankton recorder in proximity to whales as well as along cross-isobath surveys indicated that the copepod Calanus marshallae is the primary prey of right whales in this region. Acoustic detections of right whales from sonobuoys deployed during the cross-isobath surveys were strongly associated with C. marshallae abun- dance, and peak abundance estimates of C. marshallae in 2.5 m depth strata near a tagged right whale ranged as high as 106 copepods m−3. The smaller Pseudocalanus spp. was higher in abun- dance than C. marshallae in proximity to right whales, but significantly lower in biomass.
  • A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida

    A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida

    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 6-1-2010 A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off orF t Lauderdale, Florida Jessica L. Bostock Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Jessica L. Bostock. 2010. A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current Off Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, Oceanographic Center. (92) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/92. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center A Comparison of Copepoda (Order: Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Poecilostomatoida) Density in the Florida Current off Fort Lauderdale, Florida By Jessica L. Bostock Submitted to the Faculty of Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a specialty in: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University June 2010 1 Thesis of Jessica L. Bostock Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science: Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center June 2010 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor :______________________________ Amy C. Hirons, Ph.D. Committee Member :___________________________ Alexander Soloviev, Ph.D.
  • Marine Ecology Progress Series 555:49

    Marine Ecology Progress Series 555:49

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Brage Nord Open Research Archive Vol. 555: 49–64, 2016 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published August 18 doi: 10.3354/meps11831 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Seasonal vertical strategies in a high-Arctic coastal zooplankton community Kanchana Bandara1,*, Øystein Varpe2,3, Janne E. Søreide2, Jago Wallenschus2, Jørgen Berge2,4, Ketil Eiane1 1Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway 2The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway 3Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway 4Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ABSTRACT: We studied the larger (>1000 µm) size fraction of zooplankton in an Arctic coastal water community in Billefjorden, Svalbard (78°40’ N), Norway, in order to describe seasonal ver- tical distributions of the dominant taxa in relation to environmental variability. Calanus spp. numerically dominated the herbivores; Aglantha digitale, Mertensia ovum, Beroë cucumis, and Parasagitta elegans were the dominant carnivores. Omnivores and detritivores were numerically less important. Descent to deeper regions of the water column (>100 m) between August and October, and ascent to the shallower region (<100 m) between November and May was the overall seasonal pattern in this zooplankton community. In contrast to other groups, P. elegans did not exhibit pronounced vertical migrations. Seasonal vertical distributions of most species showed statistical associations with the availability of their main food source. The vertical distribution of later developmental stages of Calanus spp. was inversely associated with fluorescence, indicating that they descended from the shallower region while it was still relatively productive, and ascended before the primary production had started to increase.
  • Calanus Helgolandicus (Copepoda, Calanoida) Along the Iberian and Moroccan Slope S

    Calanus Helgolandicus (Copepoda, Calanoida) Along the Iberian and Moroccan Slope S

    ............. HEL-G;L~NDERM--EiIES UN17~RSU JH U NG E N .......... Helgol~nder Meeresunters. 50 457-475 (1996) Population structure and reproduction of Calanus helgolandicus (Copepoda, Calanoida) along the Iberian and Moroccan slope S. St6hr*, K. Schulz 1. & H.-Ch. John* Zoologisches Institut und Museum der Universit~t Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany ABSTRACT: During three cruises, carried out in March 1991, October 1991, and January 1992 off the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, the abundant calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) was collected from a depth of 1000 m to the surface. Differences in depth preference were correla- ted with the life stage and geographically differing vertical salinity structures. In autumn and win- ter, only stage V copepodids (CV) and adults were found, in spring also younger copepodid stages. Within the range of the Mediterranean outflow water (MOW), a sharp decline of abundances of all stages was evident during all cruises. In autumn 1991, the bulk of the population was recorded south of the MOW; in winter 1992 north of it. During winter, numbers had declined by 70 %, supporting the idea that winter individuals represent the same generation as was encountered in autumn, and that they had been transported northwards. CV stages preferred the depth layer 400-800 m, in autumn and winter. Adults were found in autumn at the same depth south of the MOW, while they preferred the 0-400 m layers north of it. In winter, the abundance of adults increased, males prefer- red the 400-600 m depth layer, while females stayed at 200-400 m.
  • AGUIDE to Frle DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES of COMMON COASTAL

    AGUIDE to Frle DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES of COMMON COASTAL

    A GUIDE TO frlE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF COMMON COASTAL, GeORGES BANK AND GULF OF MAINE COPEPODS BY Janet A. Murphy and Rosalind E. Cohen National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Center Woods Hole Laboratory Woods Hole, MA 02543 Laboratory Reference No. 78-53 Table of Contents List of Plates i,,;i,i;i Introduction '. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Acarti a cl aus; .. 2 Aca rtia ton sa .. 3 Aca rtia danae .. 4 Acartia long; rem; s co e"" 5 Aetidi us artllatus .. 6 A1teutha depr-e-s-s-a· .. 7 Calanu5 finmarchicus .............•............................ 8 Calanus helgolandicus ~ 9 Calanus hyperboreus 10 Calanus tenuicornis .......................•................... 11 Cal oca 1anus pavo .....................•....•....•.............. 12 Candaci a armata Ii II .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Centropages bradyi............................................ 14 Centropages hama tus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 ~ Centropages typi cus " .. " 0 16 Clausocalanus arcuicornis ..............................•..•... 17 Clytemnestra rostra~ta ................................•.•........ 18 Corycaeus speciosus........................................... 19 Eucalanus elongatu5 20 Euchaeta mar; na " . 21 Euchaeta norveg; ca III co .. 22 Euchirel1a rostrata . 23 Eurytemora ameri cana .......................................•.. 24 Eurytemora herdmani , . 25 Eurytemora hi rundoi des . 26 Halithalestris croni ..................•......................
  • Measured and Inferred Gross Energy Content in Diapausing Calanus Spp

    Measured and Inferred Gross Energy Content in Diapausing Calanus Spp

    JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH j VOLUME 34 j NUMBER 7 j PAGES 614–625 j 2012 Measured and inferred gross energy content in diapausing Calanus spp. in a Scotian shelf basin KIMBERLEY T. A. DAVIES*, AMY RYAN AND CHRISTOPHER T. TAGGART DEPARTMENT OF OCEANOGRAPHY, DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY, 1355 OXFORD STREET, PO BOX 15000, HALIFAX, NS, CANADA B3H4R2 *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: [email protected] Downloaded from Received December 23, 2011; accepted in principle March 19, 2012; accepted for publication March 23, 2012 Corresponding editor: Roger Harris Calanus finmarchicus stage-C5 and C. hyperboreus stage-C4 diapausing in Scotian Shelf http://plankt.oxfordjournals.org/ basins are high-quality food sources because they are abundant and high in energy content. When combined, these two variables are informative for quantify- ing energy density, carrying capacity and energy transfer in marine ecosystems. However, measuring energy content directly can be difficult and expensive. Here, we present energy (caloric) content estimates for two co-located diapausing copepod species; C. finmarchicus C5 and C. hyperboreus C4 collected during late- summer when their energy content is at or near the annual maximum. We then develop several practical energy content calibrations, each designed to estimate energy content using simple measures of Calanus spp. body size or weight. Weight- at Dalhousie University on July 24, 2012 specific energy content (energy quality, kJ g21) did not differ between C. finmarchi- cus and C. hyperboreus; i.e. body size explained the majority of inter-species variation in individual energy content (J ind.21). Energy content estimated directly using calorimetry did not differ from energy inferred from oil sac volume (OSV), demonstrating that energy content can be inferred when direct energy estimates are unavailable.
  • Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas

    Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas

    Lincoln Sea Hall Basin MARINE ATLAS ARCTIC CANADA’S GREENLAND Ellesmere Island Kane Basin Nares Strait N nd ansen Sou s d Axel n Sve Heiberg rdr a up Island l Ch ann North CANADA’S s el I Pea Water ry Ch a h nnel Massey t Sou Baffin e Amund nd ISR Boundary b Ringnes Bay Ellef Norwegian Coburg Island Grise Fiord a Ringnes Bay Island ARCTIC MARINE z Island EEZ Boundary Prince i Borden ARCTIC l Island Gustaf E Adolf Sea Maclea Jones n Str OCEAN n ait Sound ATLANTIC e Mackenzie Pe Ball nn antyn King Island y S e trait e S u trait it Devon Wel ATLAS Stra OCEAN Q Prince l Island Clyde River Queens in Bylot Patrick Hazen Byam gt Channel o Island Martin n Island Ch tr. Channel an Pond Inlet S Bathurst nel Qikiqtarjuaq liam A Island Eclipse ust Lancaster Sound in Cornwallis Sound Hecla Ch Fitzwil Island and an Griper nel ait Bay r Resolute t Melville Barrow Strait Arctic Bay S et P l Island r i Kel l n e c n e n Somerset Pangnirtung EEZ Boundary a R M'Clure Strait h Island e C g Baffin Island Brodeur y e r r n Peninsula t a P I Cumberland n Peel Sound l e Sound Viscount Stefansson t Melville Island Sound Prince Labrador of Wales Igloolik Prince Sea it Island Charles ra Hadley Bay Banks St s Island le a Island W Hall Beach f Beaufort o M'Clintock Gulf of Iqaluit e c n Frobisher Bay i Channel Resolution r Boothia Boothia Sea P Island Sachs Franklin Peninsula Committee Foxe Harbour Strait Bay Melville Peninsula Basin Kimmirut Taloyoak N UNAT Minto Inlet Victoria SIA VUT Makkovik Ulukhaktok Kugaaruk Foxe Island Hopedale Liverpool Amundsen Victoria King