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Otras Gentes Se Estima Que Un Centenar De Tribus Aisladas Viven Aún Sin Contacto Con El Resto De La Humanidad

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Otras Gentes Se Estima Que Un Centenar De Tribus Aisladas Viven Aún Sin Contacto Con El Resto De La Humanidad OTRAS GENTES SE ESTIMA QUE UN CENTENAR DE TRIBUS AISLADAS VIVEN AÚN SIN CONTACTO CON EL RESTO DE LA HUMANIDAD. ELLAS SON LA PRUEBA DE QUE EXISTEN OTRAS FORMAS DE HABITAR NUESTRO PLANETA TEXTO: Alejandro González Luna MAPAS: Atlas de Joan Martines (1957), BNE THERE ARE AROUND 100 SPLENDID UNCONTACTED TRIBES OUT THERE. SO WHAT CAN WE ISOLATION DO TO PROTECT THEM? 46 47 En el verano de 2002, el periodista norteamerica- exponiéndose a toda clase de peligros, el grupo dio In the summer of 2002, American journalist exposed to all sorts of dangers, the group finally no Scott Wallace viajó de Nueva York a Tabatinga, finalmente con la prueba que andaban buscando: Scott Wallace travelled from New York to found the proof they were looking for: a trail of en la Amazonia brasileña, para unirse a una ex- un rastro de pisadas frescas y, luego, una aldea Tabatinga, in the Brazilian Amazon, to join an fresh footprints and, then, a freshly abandoned pedición inaudita: un pequeño grupo de hombres recién abandonada. “De pronto nos dimos cuenta expedition: a small group of men had decided to village. “All of a sudden, we realised they had been había decidido adentrarse en lo más profundo del de que ellos estaban allí, a nuestro alrededor, es- venture into the deepest part of Javari Valley, there around us all along, hidden, watching us as valle del Javari, una reserva natural con grandes condidos, observándonos a medida que avanzába- a natural reserve with large patches of still- we made our way through the jungle,” recalls parches de selva aún sin explorar, para confir- mos”, rememora Wallace, quien plasmaría aquella unexplored jungle, to confirm rumours of the Wallace, who later recounted that experience in mar los rumores de la existencia de una tribu no experiencia en su libro Te Unconquered. Para los existence of an uncontacted tribe that locals his book, Te Unconquered. For those on the contactada que los locales llamaban los flecheiros. expedicionarios, el objetivo había sido comprobar called Flecheiros. Wallace had written extensively expedition, the aim had been to confirm the Wallace había escrito ampliamente sobre zonas la presencia de los flecheiros, sin entrar en contacto on remote areas for magazines such as National Flecheiros’ presence without coming into direct remotas para revistas como National Geographic, directo; tras cumplir la misión, regresaron para Geographic, but this was a different story, one contact with them, however – after completing pero esta era una historia distinta, que parecía sa- informar al mundo del hallazgo. that seemed to be right out of the 19th-century their mission – the group returned to tell the world cada de los relatos decimonónicos de Joseph Con- accounts of Joseph Conrad or Robert Louis about what they’d found. rad o Robert Louis Stevenson. ¿Cómo era posible Sin embargo, la selva todavía se guardaba para sí Stevenson. How was it possible that, in the 21st que, en pleno siglo XXI, existiesen todavía pueblos más secretos. Poco a poco, en los años siguientes, century, unknown peoples still existed on our However, that was not the end of the story. Te desconocidos en nuestro planeta? ¿Acaso se trataba gracias en parte a nuevas expediciones y a la labor planet? Maybe someone had just made the whole jungle still kept to itself more secrets than Wallace de una invención? Tras dos meses de búsqueda, de instituciones como la Fundación Nacional del thing up. After two months of searching and being and his companions could have ever imagined. 48 49 Indio (Funai), en Brasil, y a varias ONG y activis- Gradually, over the following years – thanks in part tas medioambientales, se irían descubriendo cada to new expeditions and the work of institutions such vez más pueblos no contactados, y no solo en la as Brazil’s National Indian Foundation (Funai) and Amazonia, sino también en otras partes del mun- several NGOs and environmental activists – more do. “Es sorprendente, ahora se estima que hay más and more uncontacted peoples were discovered, de cien grupos aislados”, señala Fiona Watson, di- and not just in the Amazon, but in other parts rectora de investigación de Survival International of the world. “It’s amazing. It’s now estimated that (survival.es), una de las organizaciones que lidera there are over 100 isolated groups,” says Fiona la lucha por la defensa de los pueblos indígenas. Watson, research director for Survival International “La mayor parte de estas tribus se encuentra en (survivalinternational.org), which is leading the Brasil y Perú. Hay algunas en Colombia, Bolivia, defence of indigenous peoples. “Most of them are Ecuador. Y también están los totobiegosode del in Brazil and Peru. Tere are some in Colombia, Chaco, en Paraguay, los sentineleses de las islas Bolivia and Ecuador. And then there are the Andamán, en el océano Índico, y los grupos de Totobiegosode of the Chaco in Paraguay, the Papúa Nueva Guinea”. Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean and the groups in Papua New Guinea.” Es mucho lo que aún ignoramos sobre estas gentes, pero lo que sí sabemos es que algunos han Tere is much that we still don’t know about prosperado en su aislamiento. Diego Cortijo, de these peoples, but what we can ascertain is that la Sociedad Geográfica Española, tuvo la rara many of them have prospered in their isolation. oportunidad de comprobarlo con sus propios ojos. Diego Cortijo, of the Spanish Geographical En 2011, mientras recorría la ribera del río Madre Society, had the rare opportunity to confirm this de Dios, en Perú, en busca de la ciudad perdida de with his own eyes. In 2011, as he walked along Paititi, un mítico reino incaico, él y sus compañe- the banks of the River Madre de Dios in Peru, in ros dieron por casualidad con otro de los pueblos search of the mythical lost Inca city of Paititi, by no contactados: los Mashco-Piro. “Los vimos al chance, he and his colleagues ran into another otro lado del río. Habían salido del bosque, y eran uncontacted people: the Mashco-Piro. “We saw varios, quizá una familia”, narra el explorador con them on the other side of the river. Tey’d come la voz emocionada. Conscientes de los peligros del out of the woods. Tere were several of them, “primer contacto”, decidieron seguir su camino, maybe a family,” the explorer says, his voice filled pero no sin antes tomar algunas fotografías de with emotion. Aware of the dangers of the ‘first aquellos indígenas. Las imágenes, que dieron la contact’, Diego and his team decided to be on vuelta al globo, causaron asombro en la opinión their way, but not before snapping a few photos pública internacional: al contrario de lo que of the people they had seen. Te images, which muchos habrían esperado, los hombres en las fotos soon circulated the globe, caused some raised eran fuertes y robustos, y las mujeres y los niños eyebrows. Contrary to what many might have 50 51 “SE COMETE EL ERROR DE PENSAR QUE ESTOS INDÍGENAS SON PRIMITIVOS. NO LO SON; TIENEN MUY CLARO CUÁL ES SU PAPEL EN EL CICLO DE LA VIDA” parecían gozar de buena salud. “Hubo mucho que lograron escapar no tuvieron más remedio que expected, the men were strong and robust and the many of the region’s indigenous peoples, either debate porque la gente comete el error de pensar refugiarse en el corazón de la selva. Otro ejemplo women and children in good health. How could slavery or death, so those who did manage to que estos indígenas son primitivos –dice Cortijo–. es el de los sentineleses. Dado que las experiencias that be? “Tere was a lot of debate because people escape had no choice but to take refuge deep in No lo son; poseen grandes conocimientos sobre de contacto en el pasado fueron nefastas para ellos, make the mistake of thinking that indigenous the jungle. Te Sentinelese are another example. su entorno, son autosuficientes, y, a diferencia de hoy en día repelen con flechas cualquier intento de peoples are primitive,” says Diego. “Tey’re Since past disastrous experiences with contact, nosotros, tienen muy claro cuál es su papel en el acercamiento a su isla. Por eso, cuando el gobierno anything but. Tey have a great deal of knowledge nowadays any intent to approach their island is ciclo de la vida”. de la India envío un helicóptero, tras el devasta- about their environment. Tey are self-sufficient met with a hail of arrows. Tat’s why, when the dor tsunami de 2004, para comprobar si habían and – unlike us – they have a clear understanding Indian government sent a helicopter to check on Pero ¿por qué siguen en los bosques, de espaldas sobrevivido, uno de ellos salió corriendo a la playa of their role in the cycle of life.” them after the devastating tsunami of 2004, a al mundo? Para Fiona Watson, la respuesta es para apuntarle con su arco, como advirtiendo: Sentinelese ran out to the beach, aiming at the sencilla: “Desafortunadamente, el aislamiento ha ‘Marchaos, aquí no sois bienvenidos’. But why do they remain in the forest, turning their helicopter with his bow and arrow. sido su manera de protegerse de las amenazas de la backs on the world? For Fiona Watson, the answer civilización”. El caso de la Amazonia es esclarece- La Declaración sobre los Derechos de los Pueblos is simple: “Unfortunately, isolation has been their While the UN Declaration on the Rights of dor. La fiebre del caucho de principios del siglo XX Indígenas aprobada por la ONU en 2007 ha way of protecting themselves from the threats of Indigenous Peoples of 2007 has led to significant supuso, para muchos de los pueblos indígenas de la propiciado avances significativos en la protección civilisation.” Te Amazon is a case in point.
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