DOCSLIB.ORG

Mint of Finland Annual Report 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mint of Finland Annual Report 2009 Mint of Finland Ltd.’s annual report and the report of the Board of Directors 2009 ■■5 cent coins for Ireland. The Circu- lation Coins unit reached a new pro- duction record in 2009 with 1.3 billion coins. Read more on pages 16 –17. Key figures Turnover, 89 M€ Mint of Finland 96 M€, 2008 Group Content Net profit of the 4 CEO’s review − financial year, 2.1 M€ Mint of Finland − 3.8 M€ , 2008 6 Brand reform Group 8 Internationality 12 Business environment in 2009 16 Circulation Coins Turnover, 18 Collector Items 39 M€ Mint of Finland 25 M€ , 2008 Ltd. 20 Employees 26 Environment 28 Future 32 Company management Net profit of the financial year, 35 Report of the Board of Directors + 0.3 M€ Mint of Finland − 3.0 M€ , 2008 37 Profit and Loss Statement Ltd. 38 Balance sheet 40 Cash flow statement 41 Notes to the financial statements Sickness absense, 46 Auditor’s report 5 . 1 % Mint of Finland bc. New coins issued in 2009 Ltd. Delivery reliability, 9 2 . 6 % Mint of Finland Ltd. Key Mint of Finland figures in short Mint of Finland Ltd. is the leading mint in Scandinavia and the Baltics. Its business is to design, market and mint money. Mint of Finland is The values of Mint of Finland owned by the Republic of Finland. are the following: Mint of Finland Group comprises the 100% Trustworthiness: Mint of Finland is proud of its owned subsidiary ab Myntverket and the 50% reputation and will always deliver on promises. owned Mint of Norway Ltd., Nordic Moneta Ltd. Its reliability is based on know-how and on tak- and Mint of Finland Ltd. ing a long-term view in its thinking and actions. Mint of Finland Ltd. produces metal circu- lation coins, commemorative and special coins, Speed: Mint of Finland sees things clearly and sets of coins, medals, badges of honour and jew- quickly and acts fast. It is actively seeking new ellery. 2010 marks the 150th anniversary of the opportunities and works to identify them as soon Mint’s foundation by the order of Tsar Alexander as possible. It has efficiency at its core. II. During the jubilee year, Mint of Finland will is- sue five new commemorative coins, open an on- Courage: Mint of Finland dares to try new things line boutique, and in October, Finns can discov- and continue to develop. It has the courage to en- er how coins are minted at an exposition at the joy its success and learn from its failures. Mint Finnish Science Centre Heureka. For further de- of Finland never says “No!” categorically: it listens tails about jubilee year events, see our website at and thinks about what was said. www.mint.fi. Approachability: Mint of Finland is genuinely in- Mission: Mint of Finland gives value to money. terested in its customers and cares about them. It is not a hierarchical or an authoritatian institute. Vision: Mint of Finland is the most respected Mint of Finland listens and responds. mint in the world. Pride: Mint of Finland is positively proud of its Strategy: The core of Mint of Finland’s strategy know-how. It knows how to appreciate itself and consists of solid coin circulation and the minting others, and instills healthy respect among its of circulation coins. The core is supported by col- competitors. lector’s business activities, which have increased considerably. Mint of Finland is the leading Nor- dic manufacturer of medals and decorations. The reputation of Mint of Finland is built on satisfied customers, motivated employees and demonstrated excellence in design, technology and project management. Annual Report 2009 – 3 CEO’s review Moving forward ●●President and CEO Maarit Aarni-Sirviö. The year 2009 was marked by change have created new customer relationships in Afri- at Mint of Finland: this year, the ca, the Middle East and Latin America. Through company decided to find a new and these endeavours, we have put Mint of Finland a more dynamic way of operating. squarely on the map of minting companies around The changes we made will have far- the world. reaching effects well into the future. Collector Items Although the parent company Mint of Finland Ltd. The marketing of traditional collector and com- had a positive year in terms of its results and op- memorative coins is impacted by two factors: the eration, the financial result for the entire group markets are almost entirely domestic and the op- will be negative due to the downturn in the glo- erational environment is strictly regulated. bal economy. Financially, last year was still a good The weak domestic demand was remedied one for Mint of Finland. We set several significant somewhat by the success of new collector coins things in motion. in Russia and Asian countries, amongst others. The two sets of coins designed by Mint of Finland Circulation Coins themselves went on to show that there is room The growth in circulation coin business was the to create increased demand for collector coins most positive thing in 2009. The Circulation by becoming a more international company. The Coins business unit surpassed the forecast re- dollar-nominated coins were released on the Re- sults and their objectives for the year. Mint of public of the Fiji Islands. Finland minted 1.3 billion coins during the year. During 2009, organisational changes were The success was due to determined effort to be- made in the Collector Items business unit. The come a truly international company. new organisation, which now includes Gifts and The bidding for the business of internation- Decorations as part of Collector Items, became al Central banks between minting companies has active on January 1, 2010. intensified. There is a lot of spare minting capac- ity in Europe, which increases the competition for Subsidiaries prospective contracts. The ownership structure The global downturn is visible in the results for of minting companies varies a lot as well, which the Group, but the sharp decline in the domestic makes a difference in the competitive situation. demand for collector coins was a surprise. Turno- The concepts of margins and profitability vary ver fell at the subsidiary company Nordic Moneta greatly between different competitors. Ltd., which is in charge of the commemorative and Over the past year, we have formulated a clear collector coins. The subsidiary started several large picture of the global circulation coin business. We projects during the year, which weakened its abili- 4 – Mint of Finland Exports (as a percentage 6 8 % 71 % of the turnover) Mint of Finland Group Mint of Finland Ltd. ty to control sales and deliveries. Coupled with the 150-year-old name. With the name change, we global downturn and the decline in customer de- will need to think about who we are now and who mand, this reduced the results significantly. Nordic we want to be in the future. We are a Nordic en- Moneta Ltd. is at a crossroads and the coming year terprise that operates in a global marketplace and 2010 will bring changes for the company. we will rebuild ourselves accordingly. We want In Sweden at ab Myntverket no circulation our soul to be visible in our public image. This is coins were minted during the year 2009. Their why we have chosen a modern version of the he- operation was concentrated on the production of raldic Finnish lion to appear in our logo. medals made of precious metals and some export projects as well. Future At the Mint of Norway, the focus was on do- It is our goal to be the most respected minting mestic circulation coin production and export company globally within the next five years. On products. The main export products included the today’s increasingly competitive market, our suc- Mandela-medals and other medals associated cess will depend on our size, our know-how and with the Nobel Prize. our collective understanding of the business. We are big enough to handle large orders. Our em- Change ployees are motivated; our design is excellent; we We are looking for a competitive advantage operate modern equipment and our project man- through change in what is a very challenging agement is of the highest quality. We understand global marketplace. The change culminates in the needs of the customer, even those that are not a Workplace Development Programme-project. visible at a glance. During a project that lasts almost two years, Mint We are in a strong position for the coming year. of Finland is looking to establish a new culture Our customer base is stable and solid and it will of know-how and how-to. The project spans the continue to grow during the course of the year. entire company personnel. The most visible part The new markets gives us an opportunity to in- of the project during the year were the develop- crease the size of our operation further. mental discussions that took place with company We have several excellent projects underway in executives. During 2010, all Mint of Finland em- our Product Development division. We are open- ployees will take part in these developmental dis- ing our own web store in the spring. The store will cussions. The change is fundamental and without sell all of our products: commemorative and col- a doubt, it will be very challenging for the em- lector coins and jewellery. It is doubtful that the ployees as well as the company. store will increase our operations significantly Change is now also the new look of Mint of during the first year, but it does present us as a Finland.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report of the Director of the Mint
    - S. Luriºus vsº ANNUAL REPORT Of the Director of the N/int for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1970. ANNUAL REPORT of the Director of the Mint for the fiscal year ended June 30 1970 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DOCUMENT NO. 3253 Director of the Mint U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover) Stock Number 4805–0009 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, BUREAU OF THE MINT, Washington, D.C., April 29, 1971. SIR: I have the honor to submit the Ninety-eighth Annual Report of the Director of the Mint, since the Mint became a Bureau within the Department of the Treasury in 1873. Annual reports of Mint activities have been made to the Secretary of the Treasury since 1835, pursuant to the act of March 3, 1835 (4 Stat. 774). Annual reports of the Mint have been made since it was established in 1792. This report is submitted in compliance with Section 345 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, 2d Edition (1878), 31 U.S.C. 253. It includes a review of the operations of the mints, assay offices, and the bullion depositories for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1970. Also contained in this edition are reports for the calendar year 1969 on U.S. gold, silver, and coinage metal production and the world's monetary stocks of gold, silver, and coins. MARY BROOKs, Director of the Mint. Hon. JoHN B. Con NALLY, Secretary of the Treasury.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Governance Statement
    Corporate Governance Statement [5.3.2021] 1 Contents 1 General ................................................................................................................................. 3 2 Description of Fingrid’s administrative bodies .................................................................. 3 3 General meeting ................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Shareholders’ Nomination Board ..................................................................................... 5 4 Board of Directors ............................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Duties of the Board of Directors ...................................................................................... 6 4.2 Board of Directors in 2020 ............................................................................................... 7 4.3 Diversity of the Board of Directors ................................................................................. 11 5 Board committees .............................................................................................................. 11 5.1 Audit committee ............................................................................................................ 12 5.2 Remuneration committee .............................................................................................. 12 6 Managing director and the deputy managing director ...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • This Document Has Been Downloaded from Tampub – the Institutional Repository of University of Tampere
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University This document has been downloaded from TamPub – The Institutional Repository of University of Tampere Post-print The permanent address of the publication is http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:uta-201405281513 Author(s): Kankaanpää, Jari; Oulasvirta, Lasse; Wacker, Jani Title: Steering and Monitoring Model of State-Owned Enterprises Year: 2014 Journal Title: International Journal of Public Administration Vol and number: 37 : 7 Pages: 409-423 ISSN: 0190-0692 Discipline: Business and management; Political science School /Other Unit: School of Management Item Type: Journal Article Language: en DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.858355 URN: URN:NBN:fi:uta-201405281513 All material supplied via TamPub is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorized user. Steering and Monitoring Model of State-Owned Enterprises Introduction Privatisation of stated-owned enterprises (SOEs) gained considerable momentum in developing and developed countries in the 1980s and 1990s (The World Bank, 2006, p. 3). Despite wide-ranging privatisation programmes, SOEs are still and will be an important part of many economies, especially in developing economies (La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, & Shleifer, 1999; Ezzamel, Wilmott, & Worthington, 2008; Vagliasindi, 2008; Ennser-Jedenastik, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Governance Statement February 21, 2013
    Alma Media Corporation: Corporate Governance Statement February 21, 2013 Photo: Anne Vatén February 21, 2013 Alma Media Corporation’s Corporate Governance Statement Contents Alma Media Group .................................................................................................................2 The Board of Directors of Alma Media Corporation ........................................................... 3 Composition of the Board and shareholdings of members ............................................ 3 Tasks and responsibilities of the Board of Directors ...................................................... 7 Permanent committees .................................................................................................... 8 Audit Committee ........................................................................................................... 8 Nomination and Compensation Committee.................................................................9 President & CEO and Group Executive Team ................................................................... 10 Insider management ........................................................................................................... 10 Internal control and risk management systems related to financial reporting .............. 11 Internal control ................................................................................................................ 12 Financial reporting .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Regulatory Reform in Finland
    Regulatory Reform in Finland MARKETISATION OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES – STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: − to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; − to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and − to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). © OECD 2003. Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Mint of Finland Group's Annual Report 2015
    CEO’s report Page 1 / 40 CEO’s report Mint of Finland Group made progress in all business areas during 2015, even though we failed to fully achieve our profitability targets. We paved the way for a better future by continuing to follow through strategically important changes. The sector is typically dependent on the development of raw material prices. The prices of nickel, copper and steel have been falling for several years. This makes it increasingly more challenging for metal processors to identify niches of profitability in the different areas of operations. The company managed to solve some, but not all of these challenges. Progress in the circulation and collector coin businesses Customer satisfaction and Demand in the circulation coin business picked up after a quiet spell in 2014. Mint of profitability are indicators Finland successfully won new customers in Latin America and Africa. The projects of everything we do. secured will mean work for the company’s circulation coin production for a longer period. It was also pleasing to note, that the company managed to further strength customer relations through the quality of its products and operations. Despite numerous measures to restore the company to a sound basis, the Group failed to a positive result. The blank business failed to fully achieve the volume pursued, but the operating result was clearly positive. In the collector coin business, our long-term work with customer relations and developing our own business was rewarded with positive earnings. Likewise, there was an increase in exports of Finnish collector coins, which now account for almost 50% of sales, which is also encouraging looking ahead.
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release Euro Banknotes and Coins Have Been Successfully
    3 January 2011 PRESS RELEASE EURO BANKNOTES AND COINS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY INTRODUCED IN ESTONIA On 1 January 2011, euro banknotes and coins were introduced successfully in Estonia – the 17th Member State of the European Union to adopt the euro. Until 14 January 2011, it will be possible to pay in cash using either euro or Estonian kroon banknotes and coins. However, change will usually only be given in euro. Thereafter, the euro will become the sole legal tender in Estonia. An information campaign had been undertaken to inform Estonian citizens of the visual elements of the euro banknotes and coins, their security features and the modalities for their introduction in Estonia. The cash changeover has progressed smoothly and in line with the national changeover plan devised by a commission of governmental experts, involving Eesti Pank and chaired by the Estonian Ministry of Finance, which counts extensively on the involvement of the major stakeholders in the cash lifecycle. From a logistical point of view, one of the key elements of the cash changeover plan has been the pre- distribution (frontloading and sub-frontloading) of euro cash to professional parties, which started in September 2010 for coins and in November 2010 for banknotes. The frontloading to the banking sector and the subsequent sub-frontloading of euro cash to retailers and similar businesses resulted in the widespread availability of euro banknotes and coins in automated teller machines (ATMs) and shops’ cash registers, for instance. By the end of 2010, 10.5 million euro banknotes and 85.5 million euro coins had been frontloaded, of which 2 million euro banknotes and 44 million euro coins had been sub-frontloaded.
    [Show full text]
  • Finland 100 Years. Together. Finland 100 Centenary Celebration Report Finland 100 Celebration Report
    Finland 100 years. Together. Finland 100 Centenary Celebration Report Finland 100 celebration report The Prime Minister’s Office appointed a team to oversee the Finland 100 project from 14 August 2013 until 31 January 2018. The Finland 100 Secretariat was tasked with compiling a report on the centenary celebrations. This report is a summary of the events held in honour of the 100th anniversary of Finland’s independence and the outcomes of the pro- ject. The report is designed to provide more insight into the project and the huge amount of work that Finns and friends of Finland put into the celebrations. Prime Minister’s Office Publications 11/2018 Keywords: Finland 100, anniversary, centenary celebrations, report Publisher: Prime Minister’s Office PDF version: suomi100raportti.fi Layout: Oy SEK Ab Printing: Grano, Helsinki, 2018 ISBN 978-952-287-669-0 (print) ISBN 978-952-287-668-3 (PDF) Cover photo: Juha Metso Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................ 4 The blue-and-white message reached people .....................................................72 We did it together .................................................................................................. 6 A blue-and-white year on all channels .................................................................... 76 A mission for 100-year-old Finland ............................................................................8 Boost in tourism in Finland during the centenary year
    [Show full text]
  • The Organisation of Services of General Interest in Finland
    digitales archiv ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Willner, Johan; Grönblom, Sonja The organisation of services of general interest in Finland Provided in Cooperation with: International Centre of Research and Information on the Public, Social and Cooperative Economy (CIRIEC), Liège This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11159/93 Kontakt/Contact ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft/Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Düsternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) E-Mail: [email protected] https://www.zbw.eu/econis-archiv/ Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieses Dokument darf zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken This document may be saved and copied for your personal und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy it for public or dürfen dieses Dokument nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. If oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern für das Dokument eine Open- the document is made available under a Creative Commons Content-Lizenz verwendet wurde, so gelten abweichend von diesen Licence you may exercise further usage rights as specified in Nutzungsbedingungen die in der Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. the licence. Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft zbw Leibniz Information Centre for Economics WORKING PAPER The Organisation of Services of General Interest in Finland Johan WILLNER & Sonja GRÖNBLOM CIRIEC N° 2015/20 CIRIEC activities, publications and researches are realised with the support of the Belgian Federal Government - Scientific Policy and with the support of the Belgian French Speaking Community - Scientific Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Mint of Finland Group's Annual Report 2014
    Mint of Finland Group’s Annual Report 2014 ■■Mint of Finland Group is a responsible partner. Mint of Finland Annual Report 2014 Mint of Finland Group in brief Net revenues by market area Contents €5m 2014 On the path of Finland 5 2013 The Annual Report consists of two parts. development €27m This part, the report proper, mainly covers Other EU countries 61 operations in Finland and Germany, while Mint of Finland has developed its operations the financial statements present the finan- radically in the past year. The objective of this Non-EU €44m cial performance of the entire Group. development is to ensure the Group’s com- countries 31 petitiveness and growth potential also in the future. Mint of Finland Group in brief The global circulation coin market was qui- Personnel by country 2 On the path of development et in early 2014, but revived towards the end of the year, which was reflected in Mint of Fin- 100 CEO’s report Share of export Germany land’s order book. We sought to improve ef- in net revenue 115 4 On the right path ficiency and achieve cost savings through a 61 Operating environment number of measures over the course of the Finland 65 6 Trust in cash year, and Mint of Finland can now proudly state that its circulation coin, blank and col- 42 Sales lector item business areas rest on the strong- Spain 90% 31 8 New sales horizon est foundation in a long time. 95% The need for cash is not disappearing – in 9 Finances the euro zone, for example, it is still the most Norway 10 Financial responsibility 10 common means of payment.
    [Show full text]
  • Rautaruukki Annual Report 2007 Annual Report 2007
    Rautaruukki Rautaruukki Annual report 2007 Annual report 2007 Ruukki as a company 2 Financial summary 2007 4 CEO’s review Rautaruukki • Annual report • Annual 2007 Rautaruukki 6 Strategy 10 Business environment 12 Financial review 16 Ruukki’s customer divisions 18 Ruukki Construction 22 Ruukki Engineering 24 Ruukki Metals 26 Ruukki Production 28 Research and development Responsibility 32 Responsible Ruukki 34 Financial responsibility 36 Social responsibility 40 Environmental responsibility Rautaruukki Corporation Suolakivenkatu 1 PO Box 138, FI-00811 Helsinki Tel. +358 20 5911 Governance Fax +358 20 592 9088 48 Board of Directors Business ID 0113276-9 50 Corporate Management Board VAT No. FI 01132769 52 Corporate governance Registered office Helsinki 56 Risk management Chief Financial Officer Mikko Hietanen Tel. +358 20 592 9030 Investor information [email protected] 58 Shares and shareholders 63 Stock exchange releases 2007 SVP, Corporate Communications and Investor Relations 64 Information for shareholders Anne Pirilä Tel. +358 20 592 8802 Rautaruukki Corporation [email protected] Suolakivenkatu 1 PO Box 138 Rautaruukki’s Annual Report 2007 consists of SVP, Environment, Energy and Community two separate parts. The annual report tells about Relations FI-00811 Helsinki Ruukki as a company, corporate governance and Peter Sandvik the company’s share. The report also contains Tel. +358 20 592 9113 information about corporate responsibility. [email protected] The second part, the Financial Statements 2007, includes the report of the Board of Directors and The Annual Report can be ordered at: the consolidated and parent company financial [email protected] statements. www.ruukki.com www.ruukki.com Rautaruukki supplies metal-based components, Ruukki in systems and integrated systems to the construction and engineering industries.
    [Show full text]
  • How Finland, Estonia and Latvia Used Landscape in Celebrating Their Centenary Anniversaries
    Europ. Countrys. · Vol. 11 · 2019 · No. 2 · p. 187-210 DOI: 10.2478/euco-2019-0017 European Countryside MENDELU LANDSCAPE 100: HOW FINLAND, ESTONIA AND LATVIA USED LANDSCAPE IN CELEBRATING THEIR CENTENARY ANNIVERSARIES Anu Printsmann1, Hannu Linkola2, Anita Zariņa3, Margarita Vološina4, Maunu Häyrynen5, Hannes Palang6 1 Anu Printsmann, School of Humanities, Tallinn University, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Hannu Linkola, Degree Programme in Cultural Production and Landscape Studies, University of Turku, e-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-7398-5352 3 Anita Zariņa, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia Riga, e-mail: [email protected] 4 Margarita Vološina, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia Riga; ORCID: 0000-0001-8922- 3558 5 Maunu Häyrynen, Degree Programme in Cultural Production and Landscape Studies, University of Turku, e-mail: [email protected] 6 Hannes Palang, School of Humanities, Tallinn University, e-mail: [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0002-1981- 2071 187/280 Bereitgestellt von Turku University - FEENIKS LIBRARY | Heruntergeladen 29.08.19 07:14 UTC Received 31 December 2018; Accepted 20 April 2019 Abstract: In the aftermath of what was then the Great War several European countries like Finland, Estonia and Latvia gained independence, marking their centenary jubilees 2017–2018. This paper observes how landscapes were used in anniversary celebrations and what historical themes were foregrounded and which omitted, revealing how collective historical commemoration in landscape enacts within national identity framework depending also on how landscape is understood in each respective country. Key words: national landscapes, collective memory, heritage, past, practices, imagery Abstrakti: Ensimmäisen maailmansodan seurauksena moni eurooppalainen valtio, kuten Suomi, Viro ja Latvia, itsenäistyi.
    [Show full text]