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Keratinophilic Fungi on the Hair of Goats from the West Bank of Jordan

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Keratinophilic Fungi on the Hair of Goats from the West Bank of Jordan Mycopathologia 104:103-108 (1988) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht - Printed in the Netherlands 103 Keratinophilic fungi on the hair of goats from the West Bank of Jordan M. S. Ali-Shtayeh, 1 H. M. Arda, 2 M. Hassouna 3 & S. E Shaheen 4 1Department of Biological Sciences, The University, Nablus, West Bank of Jordan; 2Arda Dermatology Clinic, Nablus, West Bank of Jordan; 3Department of Veterinary, Nablus, West Bank of Jordan; 4Department of Public Health, Nablus, West Bank of Jordan, Israel Key words: keratinophilic fungi, dermatophytes, goats, epidemiology Abstract The mycoflora of the hair in 178 goats from the West Bank of Jordan was analysed and the frequency of occur- rence and the relative importance value for the different keratinophilic fungi found were calculated. One hundred and seven species which belong to 38 genera were isolated. Thirty six of these species were either well recognised agents of mycoses (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, and M. nahum), or have been frequently isolated from human and animal lesions (Arthroderma spp., Acremonium kiliense, Alternaria alter- nata, Aspergillusflavus, Cladosporium carionii, and several other species). These potentially pathogenic fun- gal species comprised 66.9% of all keratinophilic fungi found on the hair of goats. The role of this animal as a reservoir for dermatophytes and other potentially pathogenic fungi is discussed. Introduction able on these fungi on goat hairs. This paper reports the results of a survey on the dermatophytes and oth- Animals play an important role in the transmission er kreatinophilic fungi on the healthy hair of goats and persistence of dermatophytes and other poten- from the West Bank of Jordan in an attempt to eluci- tially pathogenic fungi [6, 9, 24]. A knowledge of the date the role of these animals in the epidemiology frequency and extension of etiological agents of hu- of animal and human mycoses. man and animal mycoses and other potentially pathogenic fungi on the hair of domestic animals is of prime importance for the understanding of the Materials and methods epidemiological cycles of these fungi [15, 21, 24]. A limitied number of investigations has been car- Healthy hair samples, about 200 hairs each, were ried out on the dermatophytes and other ker- collected from 178 goats from different localities in atinophilic fungi on healthy hair of domestic the West Bank of Jordan (Table 1). Hair samples animals in different parts of the world [4, 5, 17, 24]. were placed in sterile plastic bags and brought back The accumulation of such information together to the laboratory where they kept at room tempera- with an increased awarenenss of opportunistic ture until processed within 36 hours. The samples mycotic diseases will be of great importance in ex- were placed on sterile soil moistened with sterile dis- panding knowledge about human and animal my- tilled water. Two plates were used for each sample. coses [9, 231. The plates were incubated at room temperature for In the West Bank of Jordan, Ali-Shtayeh et al. [3] 16 weeks. During this period soil in the plates was studied the dermatophytes and other keratinophilic remoistened with sterile distilled water whenever fungi on healthy sheep but there are no records avail- necessary and hairs were periodically transferred 104 Table 1. Types, distribution, total numbers of animals exam- veloped fungal colonies examined and identified. ined, and numbers of positive animals; percentages of +ve Four such transfers were carried out on each sample animals are shown in parentheses. of hairs. Locality Goats Frequency of occurrence as percentage of animals on which the fungal species was found and the rela- No. +ve % tive importance value (RIV) was calculated for each species [3]. Nablus 68 68 (100) Jenin 65 65 (100) Tulkarm 15 15 (100) Bethlehem & Ramalla 17 17 (100) Results Hebron 13 12 (92) One hundred and seven species of keratinophilic Totals 178 177 (99) fungi which belong to 38 genera, were recovered from goat hairs (Table 2). Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, onto Sabouraud agar medium amended with cyclo- Fusarium moniliforme, Paecilomyces marquandii, heximide (0.5 mg/ml) and chloramphenicol (0.05 Aspergillus flavus, and Chrysosporium ker- mg/ml). Two hairs, taken at random from each plate, atinophilum were the most frequent and common were transfered on Sabouraud agar plates and the keratinophilic fungi on the hair of goats. These spe- agar plates incubated at 27C for 2 weeks and the de- cies had the highest relative importance values Table 2. Keratinophilic fungi found on the hair of goats (number of animals examined 178) from the West Bank of Jordan. +, patho- genic and potentially pathogenic fungi. Fungal species No. of +ve Percentage No. of RIV animals/ of + ve animals/ isolates/ species species species + Arthroderma cuniculi 3 1.7 6 2.4 +A. curreyi 3 1.7 6 2\4 +A. tuberculatum 4 2.3 13 3.8 Chrysosporium asperatum 3 1.7 6 2.4 C. evolceanui 6 3.4 9 4.4 C. indicum 2 1.1 7 1.9 C. keratiuophilum 14 7.9 29 11.3 + C. pannorum 1 0.6 2 0.8 + C. tropicum 12 6.7 26 9.8 + Microsporum audonuinii 3 1.7 9 2.7 + M. nanum 2 1.1 2 1.3 + Trichophyton mentagrophytes 11 6.2 21 8.6 + T. verrucosum 7 3.9 10 5.2 + Acremonium falciforme 1 0.6 1 0.7 A. furcatum 1 0.6 1 0.7 A. fusidioides 2 1.1 3 1.5 + A. kiliense 3 1.7 5 2.3 + Alternaria alternata 78 43.8 257 73.8 Aspergillus alutaceus 1 0.6 1 0.7 A. candidus 8 4.5 8 5.5 A. chevalieri 1 0.6 1 0.7 A. erythrocephalus 1 0.6 1 0.7 105 Table 2. Continued. Fungal species No. of +ve Percentage No. of RIV animals/ of +ve animals/ isolates/ species species species A. flavipes 1 0.6 1 0.7 + A. flavus 16 9.0 23 11.7 + A. fumigatus 1 0.6 1 0.7 + A. niger 11 6.2 13 7.8 A. parasiticus 2 1.1 3 1.5 A. repens 1 0.6 1 0.7 + A. restrictus 2 1.1 4 1.6 A. ustus 3 1.7 4 2.2 + A. versicolor 3 1.7 24 4.5 A. wentii 3 1.7 3 2.1 Botrytis sp. 1 0.6 1 0.7 Chaetomidium fimeti 4 2.3 5 2.9 + Cladosporium bantianum 6 3.4 8 4.3 + C. carionii 6 3.4 7 4.2 + C. cladosporiodes 1 0.6 1 0.7 C. herbarum 27 15.2 31 18.9 C. resinae 1 0.6 1 0.7 Emericella nidulans 1 0.6 2 0.8 E. nivea 1 0.6 2 0.8 Exophiala mansonii 1 0.6 1 0.7 Fennellia flavipes 1 0.6 1 0.7 Fusarium fusarioides 1 0.6 1 0.7 F. heterosporum 1 0.6 1 0.7 + F. moniliforme 18 10.1 29 13.6 + F. oxysporum 5 2.8 8 3.7 F. poae 1 0.6 1 0.7 + F. solani 2 1.1 3 1.5 + Gliocladium roseum 8 4.5 25 7.4 G. solani 1 0.6 2 0.8 G. viride 1 0.6 2 0.8 Glomerularia corni 1 0.6 1 0.7 Harposporium oxycoracum 1 0.6 2 0.8 Humicola fuscoatra 2 1.1 2 1.3 H. grisea 1 0.6 i 0.7 Memnoniella echinata 5 2.8 5 3.5 Monilia sitophila 8 4.5 10 5.7 Monoaseus ruber 2 1.1 3 1.5 Mucor piriformis 1 0.6 1 0.7 M. strictus 3 1.7 4 2.2 + M. saturninus 1 0.6 1 0.7 Oidiodendron griseum 1 0.6 1 0.7 Paecilomyces carneus 3 1.7 4 2.2 P. farinosus 5 2.8 9 3.8 106 Table 2. Continued. Fungal species No. of +ve Percentage No. of RIV animals/ of +ve animals/ isolates/ species species species + P. lilacinus 9 5.1 18 7.2 P. marquandii 17 9.6 32 13.3 + P. variotii 1 0.6 t 0.7 Penicillium canescens 3 1.7 3 2.1 P. chrysogenum 2 t.1 2 1.3 + P. citrinum 2 1.1 6 1.8 P. daleae 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. expansum 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. frequentans 1 0.6 2 0.8 P. funiculosum t 0.6 3 0.8 P. griseofulvum 1 0.6 t 0.7 + P. herquei 1 0.6 13 2.1 P. islandicum 2 1.1 3 1.5 P. janthinellum 2 1.1 4 1.6 P. nigricans 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. oxallicum 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. purpurogenum 2 1.1 3 1.5 + P. rubrum 1 0.6 2 0.8 + P. simplicissimum 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. stoloniferum 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. variabile 1 0.6 1 0.7 Phialophora atra 1 0.6 1 0.7 P. cyclaminis 1 0.6 1 0.7 Plectosphaerella cucumerina 1 0.6 t 0.7 + Rhizopus stolonifer 2 1.1 2 1.3 Scopulariopsis acremonium 1 0.6 1 0.7 + S. brevicaulis 8 4.5 10 5.7 + S. brumptii 2 1.1 4 1.6 S. candida 5 2.8 5 3.4 Sporendonema casei 1 0.6 1 0.7 + Sporothrix schenckii 1 0.6 4 1.0 Staphylotrichum corcosporum 2 1.1 2 1.3 Syncephalstrum racemosum 3 1.7 4 2.2 Trichosporiella cerebriformis 1 0.6 3 0.9 Trichothecium roseum 1 0.6 1 0.07 + Ulocladium chartarum 2 1.1 2 1.3 Verticillium albo-atrum 2 1.1 3 1.5 V.
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