Project No: AESPL/IND-E/16-17/EIA/014

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Establishment of Pesticides industry and Pesticide

specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit By

Monitoring: Prasol Chemicals Private Limited

(Formerly known as Prasol Chemicals limited) Summer2017

Plot No. FS - 30, Add. MIDC Mahad, Baseline Tehsil Mahad, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra- 402309 September - 2018

Environmental Consultant: Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai QCI- NABET Accredited EIA consultant www.aespl.co.in

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA “Establishment of Pesticides industry and Pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit by Prasol Chemicals Private Limited at Plot No FS - 30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, Dist Raigad, Maharashtra”. I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA Team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA Coordinator: Name: Mr. Rajiv V Aundhe

Signature & Date: 19th September 2018 Period of involvement: since October 2016 Contact information: Mob. 09821513367, E-mail: [email protected] Functional Area Experts: S.N. Functional Name of the Expert/s Involvement Signature & Date Areas (Period & Task**) 1 AP* Rajiv Aundhe (FAA since October Swapnil Ubale) 2016

2 WP* Rajiv Aundhe (FAA since October Swapnil Ubale) 2016

3 SHW* Rajiv Aundhe since October 2016

4 SE* Ms. Anju Chawhan Summer 2017

5 EB* N. K. Shendye Summer 2017

6 HG* ------7 GEO* ------8 SC* ------9 AQ* Sudhir Verma Summer 2017

10 NV* Rajiv Aundhe since October 2016

11 LU* Ms. Bela Pharate Summer 2017

12 RH* D. K. Joshi Summer 2017

NOTE: (*) Full forms of abbreviations given on Next Page (**) Tasks for each Functional Area Expert given on Next Page Environmental Baseline monitoring and analysis for this project was carried out by in- house, environmental analytical laboratory, registered by MoEFCC, approved under Environment Protection Act 1986, vide MoEFCC Notification S.O. no. 1190 (E), dated 1st May 2014. The duration of recognition is from 1st May 2014 to 30th April 2019 Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization I, Rajiv V. Aundhe, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA “Establishment of Pesticides industry and Pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit by Prasol Chemicals Private Limited at Plot No FS - 30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, Dist Raigad, Maharashtra’’. I also confirm that Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. shall be fully accountable for any mis- leading information mentioned in this statement.

Name: Rajiv V. Aundhe Designation: Director Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. NABET Certificate No.& Issue Date: NABET S.N. (5) as per QCI website. S.N. Functional Complete Name of the Tasks Area Code Functional Areas 1 AP Air Pollution Prevention, Assessing baseline ambient air quality, stack Monitoring & Control emission, possible impacts and control measures 2 WP Water Pollution Assessing baseline surface/ ground water Prevention, Control & quality, possible impacts and control measures Prediction of Impacts 3 SHW Solid Waste and Assessing solid/hazardous waste generation, Hazardous Waste treatment and disposal Management 4 SE Socio-Economics Assessing baseline Socioeconomic, demographic situation, impacts and CSR plan/ measures for upliftment 5 EB Ecology and Biodiversity Assessing baseline biodiversity situation in study area, impacts and Biodiversity management plans 6 HG Hydrology, ground Water Assessing baseline hydrogeological situation & Water Conservation in study area, impacts and management plans 7 GEO Geology Assessing baseline geological situation in study area, impacts and management plans 8 SC Soil Conservation Assessing baseline soil quality, possible impacts & control measures 9 AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Assessing nature and scale of impacts on Modeling & Prediction ambient air quality through modeling and management plans 10 NV Noise/ Vibration Assessing baseline ambient noise quality, possible sources, impacts and control measures 11 LU Land Use Assessing baseline Land use Land cover possible impacts and control measures 12 RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Assessing safety measures taken up by Management company modeling to assess scale of impacts, disaster management and control measures

ADITYA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PVT. LTD. Recognized by MOEF as “Environmental Laboratory” vide S.O.No. 983 valid up to 30.04.2019 ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Accredited by QCI-NABET as ‘A’ Category EIA Consultancy Organization

TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to confirm that the EIA/ EMP for the project “Establishment of Pesticides industry and Pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit” located at Plot No. FS - 30, Add. MIDC Mahad, Tehsil

Mahad, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra by Prasol Chemicals Private Limited has been prepared by me in the capacity of EIA coordinator. The Standard ToR’s prescribed by

MoEFCC vide Notification dated 10th April 2015 and the additional ToR’s prescribed by

EAC committee during 22nd EAC (Industry 2) meeting dated 17th April 2017 have been fully complied with in preparing the EIA/ EMP. A point wise compliance to the ToR’s prescribed as above has been presented in Chapter 1, Section No. 1.6.1.

We also confirm that the EIA prepared is based on factual data and all due diligence has been followed in preparing the same.

For Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

Rajiv Aundhe EIA coordinator

Date: 19th September 2018

Place: Mumbai

Reg. Office: 107, Hiren Light Indl. Estate, Mogul Lane, Mahim, Mumbai -400016 Tel: 022 42127500 E-mail: [email protected] Central Lab : P-1, MIDC Mohopada, P.O. Rasayani, Dist. Raigad Pin 410207 Tel : 02192 252008 E-mail : [email protected] Branches : Goa 08322652456 Ahmedabad : 079 40063271 Pune : 915802585 Delhi : 01164595949 Baroda : 02652331790 CIN: U74999MH2001PTC132091

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT ...... 1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 1 Proposed Project ...... 1 Project Proponent ...... 1 Project Proponent & Background of Promoters ...... 3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT & ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE COUNTRY, REGION 5 Nature & Size of Project ...... 5 Project Location ...... 6 Importance of the Project to the Country, Region ...... 7 Export Possibilities ...... 7 Employment generation (direct/indirect) due to project ...... 8 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE PROPOSED INDUSTRY ...... 8 General clearances and other related permissions ...... 8 Applicability of EIA Notification 2006 ...... 9 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 9 Process of EIA study ...... 10 Methodology adopted for EIA study ...... 11 Structure of EIA Report ...... 13 SCOPE OF THE EIA STUDY ...... 15 Regulatory Scoping & Its Compliance ...... 16 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 24 TYPE OF PROJECT ...... 24 NEED OF THE PROJECT ...... 25 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 25 SIZE/ MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ...... 26 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL & IMPLEMENTATION ...... 27 PRODUCTS - TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DESCRIPTION ...... 28 DETA / DETC / DMTC ...... 28

Material balance – DETA / DETC. / DMTC ...... 30 Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) ...... 31

Dithiophosphates ...... 32

Organic Acetates ...... 38

Hydrogenated Products ...... 40

RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION AND MODE OF TRANSPORT ...... 42

Proposed Onsite Bulk Storage ...... 50 LIST OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT’S/SYSTEM PROPOSED ...... 51 UTILITIES ...... 52 Energy Requirements ...... 52

Air emission: Sources, Quantities, concentrations, control mechanism ...... 52 Fugitive emissions ...... 53 Water requirement & wastewater generation ...... 54

MANPOWER REQUIREMENT ...... 58 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ...... 58 Effluent Generation, Treatment and Disposal...... 58 Non Hazardous / Hazardous Waste Management ...... 59 Housekeeping ...... 60 Fire Fighting Facilities ...... 61 Occupational Health ...... 61 Health, Safety and Environment ...... 62 Green Belt development plan ...... 62 Environmental Monitoring & Management ...... 63

Risk of Technological Failure ...... 63 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 64 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 64 Land Use and Land cover ...... 64

SOIL QUALITY MONITORING ...... 80 Methodology of Soil Monitoring ...... 81 Soil Monitoring Locations ...... 81 SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL ...... 84 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY ...... 84 Wind ...... 84 Temperature profile ...... 85 Humidity and Rainfall profile ...... 86 Inference ...... 87 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 87 Reconnaissance Survey ...... 87 Methodology for Selection of Monitoring Locations ...... 87 Baseline Ambient Air Monitoring Studies ...... 88 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 92 Noise Level Monitoring ...... 92 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 92 Onsite Water Environment ...... 92 Reconnaissance survey ...... 93 Baseline water quality ...... 93

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 101 Bio-geographical Setting of Raigad District ...... 101 Baseline Studies in Study Area ...... 103 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 123 Reconnaissance ...... 124 Methodology ...... 124 Demographic Structure of the Study Area ...... 127 Infrastructural Facilities or Civic Amenities ...... 128 Occupational Pattern/ Economic Resource Base ...... 132 Health Status ...... 134 Places of Religious/Archaeological and other Importance ...... 134 Perception of Respondents regarding Industrial Development Activity ...... 135 Socio economic Development Activities carried under CSR by Existing Industries ...... 135 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 137 INTRODUCTION ...... 137 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ...... 137 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 138 Land Environment ...... 138

Water Environment ...... 139

Air Environment ...... 139

Ecological & Biological Environment ...... 139

Noise & Vibration Environment ...... 140

Occupational Health and Safety ...... 140

Socio-economic Environment ...... 140

PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DURING COMMISSIONING /OPERATION PHASE AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 141 Anticipated Impacts ...... 141 Mitigation Measures ...... 141 Innovative technological measures proposed to be adopted ...... 141 Land Environment ...... 142

Water Environment ...... 143

Air Environment ...... 148

NOISE & VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT ...... 159

Anticipated Impacts ...... 159 Mitigation Measures ...... 159 ECOLOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 159 Anticipated Impacts ...... 160 Mitigation Measures ...... 160 Traffic Management ...... 162 Solid and Hazardous Waste ...... 164

Occupational Health and Safety ...... 166

Socio-economic Environment ...... 168

PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DURING DE COMMISSIONING PHASE AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 172 Anticipated Impacts ...... 172 Mitigation Measures ...... 172 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MATRIX ...... 172 OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 179 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) ...... 180 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES ...... 180 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ...... 180 Waste water treatment and alternatives ...... 180 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ...... 181 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 181 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 181 Measurement Methodologies ...... 185 Reporting Schedules ...... 185 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS FOR EMP ...... 186 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT, PUBLIC HEARING) ...... 188 INTRODUCTION ...... 188 Approach to the Study ...... 188 Methodology ...... 189 Hazard Identification ...... 190 Identification of Hazardous areas ...... 190 Identification of Failure cases for Hazardous areas ...... 190 Major Hazardous Areas ...... 190 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS ...... 203 Operating parameters ...... 203 Inventory ...... 203 Loss of Containment ...... 203 Damage Criteria ...... 204 Source strength parameters ...... 204 Consequential Effects ...... 204 Selection of Damage Criteria ...... 205 Maximum credible loss accident scenerios ...... 206 Consequence Analysis Calculations ...... 207 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT BASED ON ALOHA ...... 207 HAZOP STUDY ...... 222 Objective ...... 222 Purpose of HAZOP ...... 223

QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 227 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF TOXIC CHEMICALS (E.G. NAOH LYE) ...... 228 DOW FIRE AND EXPLOSION INDEX ...... 234 AMMONIA ...... 235 Health Hazards ...... 236 Fire and explosion hazard...... 236 Ammonia handling and storage (General) ...... 237 Emptying the cylinder ...... 237 Indoor Storage ...... 238 Outdoor Storage ...... 239

CHLORINE AND ITS SAFETY ...... 245 Cylinder storage area ...... 245 HYDROGEN AND ITS SAFETY ...... 246 HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL HANDLING AND STORAGE PROTOCOL ...... 250 ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN ...... 253 Defining nature of Emergency ...... 254 Emergency classification ...... 254 Emergency handling priority ...... 255 Elements of planning ...... 255

Organization Structure – Duties and Responsibilities ...... 255 Crises Co-coordinator ...... 256 Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) ...... 256 Infrastructure ...... 259 Operational systems during emergencies ...... 260

Warning system and control ...... 260 Mutual Aid ...... 261 Disaster management Plan ...... 261 Earthquake ...... 262 HAZARD CONTROL MEASURES ...... 263 Fire ...... 263 Natural Disasters ...... 263 Electrical accidents ...... 264 Prevention of Electrical accidents ...... 264

PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 267 Public Hearing ...... 267 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, R & R (RELOCATION AND REHABILITATION) ACTION PLAN ...... 267 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 268 IMPROVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURES ...... 268 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 268 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL ...... 268 OTHER TANGIBLE & INTANGIBLE BENEFITS...... 268 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ...... 269 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 270 INTRODUCTION ...... 270

Objective & Scope of EMP ...... 270 Management Systems ...... 270 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL ...... 272 EMP FOR WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ...... 274 Water consumption ...... 274 Water conservation measures ...... 274 Waste water generation, treatment and disposal ...... 274 EMP FOR IMPACT ON NOISE LEVELS ...... 275 EMP FOR IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 276 Hazardous/Non Hazardous Waste Management ...... 276 Fly ash utilization ...... 276 EMP for impacts on Social Environment ...... 276 EMP FOR SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 277 EMP FOR IMPACTS ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 277 EMP FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE ...... 277 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT THOUGH HOUSEKEEPING ...... 278 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HAZARD MANAGEMENT ...... 278 Occupational Health center (OHC) ...... 279 Onsite Medical treatment ...... 279 Medical examination practice ...... 280 Fund allocation for Occupational Health and Safety measures...... 281 ENVIRONMENT BUDGET ALLOCATION ...... 282 ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ...... 282 Financial Provisions for EMP Implementation ...... 282 Authorities Responsible for EMP Implementation ...... 282 EMP Implementation Schedule ...... 283 Social welfare and upliftment plan ...... 283 REPORTING...... 284 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ...... 285 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 285 Introduction...... 285 Proposed products ...... 286 Utilities ...... 287 Water Consumption & Effluent generation...... 287 Hazardous & Non- Hazardous waste generation & it’s disposal ...... 288 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 290 Land Environment ...... 290 Air Environment ...... 290 Noise Environment ...... 291 Water Environment ...... 291 Biological Environment ...... 291 Socio Economic Environment ...... 292 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 292 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 295 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT STUDIES) ...... 295 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 296 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 296 CONCLUSION ...... 296 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...... 297

List of Tables

Table 1.1 Proposed products and its capacity ...... 5 Table 1.2 Compliance to Model ToR Prescribed by EAC ...... 16 Table 1.3 Point wise Compliance to Add. TOR granted in 22nd EAC (Industry 2) Meeting ...... 23 Table 2.1 Proposed Products and is capacities ...... 24 Table 2.2 Proposed Land break up ...... 26 Table 2.3 List of Major raw materials required, source ...... 42 Table 2.4 Occupational health and safety precautions to be taken (for major chemicals) ...... 45 Table 2.5 Finished product storage details(proposed) ...... 50 Table 2.6 Raw material storage details (proposed)...... 50 Table 2.7 Diesel requirement for Emergency DG set ...... 52 Table 2.8 Fuel requirement for Boiler ...... 52 Table 2.9 Sources of Fugitive Chemical vapors ...... 53 Table 2.10 Probable fugitive emiision source/proposed control measure...... 54 Table 2.11 Water requirement for Inorganic manufacturing facility ...... 54 Table 2.12 Waste water generation and disposal for Inorganic manufacturing facility ...... 55 Table 2.13 Water requirement for Organic manufacturing facility ...... 55 Table 2.14 Waste water generation and disposal for Organic manufacturing facility ...... 56 Table 2.15 Total Water requirement for Post establishment project facility ...... 57 Table 2.16 Waste water generation and disposal for Post establishment project facility ...... 57 Table 2.17 Expected manpower details ...... 58 Table 2.18 Proposed Non hazardous waste generation and disposal ...... 59 Table 2.19 Proposed hazardous waste generation and disposal ...... 60 Table 3.1 GPS points showing Geographical coordinates ...... 65 Table 3.2 Environmental sensitivity receptor ...... 66 Table 3.3 Study area details for Prasol Chem., Add. Mahad MIDC ...... 69 Table 3.4 Landuse/ Landcover Statistics of the 10 km radius Area ...... 74 Table 3.5 LULC Statistics of the 500m angular distance around project site ...... 76 Table 3.6 Soil Analysis report ...... 82 Table 3.7 Standard Soil Classification ...... 82 Table 3.8 Temperature Variation in Raigad District ...... 85 Table 3.9 Monthwise Rainfall Profile of Raigad District ...... 87 Table 3.10 Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations ...... 88 Table 3.11 AAQM Results- Summer 2017 ...... 90 Table 3.12 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009) ...... 90 Table 3.13 Noise Monitoring Results (Summer 2017) ...... 92 Table 3.14 Ground water analysis results ...... 94 Table 3.15 Surface water analysis results ...... 98 Table 3.16 Classification for inland surface water ...... 100 Table 3.17 Class of Water as per IS 2296 – 1982 ...... 101 Table 3.18 Forest cover in Raigad district ...... 102 Table 3.19 Details of Forests in Study Area ...... 106 Table 3.20 Diversity index in dense vegetation ...... 110 Table 3.21 List of flora observed within Site ...... 120 Table 3.22 List of Fauna Observed Within Site ...... 120 Table 3.23 List of Sampling locations for SE Primary Survey ...... 125 Table 3.24 Summary of Demographic Parameters in the Study Area ...... 127 Table 3.25 Zone Wise Distribution of Rural & Urban Areas, Population & Households ...... 127 Table 3.26 Sources of Water Available in the Villages & Towns of Study Area ...... 130 Table 3.27 Drainage Status in Villages & Towns of Study Area ...... 130 Table 3.28 Occupational Structure of the Study Area ...... 132 Table 3.29 Economic Category wise Distribution of Workers ...... 132 Table 3.30 Category wise Distribution of Industries...... 133 Table 4.1 Environmental Aspects and Impacts of the Project ...... 137 Table 4.2 List of Major ETP Unit (for Inorganic effluent) ...... 146 Table 4.3 List of Major ETP Unit (for Organic effluent) ...... 146 Table 4.4 Fuel Requirements ...... 148

Table 4.5 Air Pollution Sources: Proposed Operations ...... 149 Table 4.6 Top 10 incremental concentrations ...... 152 Table 4.7 Prediction of GLC of PM10 ...... 154 Table 4.8 Prediction of GLC of SO2 ...... 155 Table 4.9 Prediction of GLC of NOx ...... 156 Table 4.10 Suggested Species for Green Belt – Outer pheriphery ...... 161 Table 4.11 Suggested Species for Green Belt – Inner pheriphery ...... 162 Table 4.12 Traffic management plan ...... 163 Table 4.13 Non hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Proposed ...... 164 Table 4.14 Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Proposed ...... 165 Table 4.15 Activities Proposed under CER ...... 170 Table 4.16 Budget Allocation for Implementation of CER Activities...... 171 Table 4.17 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation without Mitigation Measures ...... 175 Table 4.18 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation with Mitigation Measures ...... 177 Table 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan for the Proposed Facilities...... 182 Table 6.2 Reporting Schedule ...... 185 Table 6.3 Budgetary Provisions for EMP ...... 187 Table 7.1 Proposed Onsite Storages (OSBL) ...... 191 Table 7.2 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment at Different Project Stages ...... 192 Table 7.3 Other Hazards and control...... 193 Table 7.4 Hazardous proprties of the chemicals ...... 196 Table 7.5 Transportation, unloading, and handling procedures for hazardous chemicals ...... 202 Table 7.6 Damages to Human Life Due to Heat Radiation ...... 205 Table 7.7 Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity ...... 206 Table 7.8 Damage Due To Overpressures ...... 206 Table 7.9 Consequence Analysis studies carried out ...... 208 Table 7.10 Failure Frequency Data ...... 208 Table 7.11 Findings of Consequence Analysis Studies ...... 209 Table 7.12 Risk matrix for qualitative risk assessment ...... 227 Table 7.13 Storage and handling of Flammable Chemicals ...... 229 Table 7.14 Storage and handling of solid Chemicals ...... 232 Table 7.15 Planned & Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion index ...... 235 Table 7.16 First aid for burns ...... 266 Table 10.1 Proposed Medical Examination Plan ...... 280 Table 10.2 Activities Proposed under CER ...... 283 Table 11.1 Proposed products and its capacity ...... 286 Table 11.2 Fuel requirement for Boiler ...... 287 Table 11.3 Total Water requirement ...... 287 Table 11.4 Waste water generation and disposal ...... 288 Table 11.5 Proposed Non hazardous waste generation and disposal ...... 288 Table 11.6 Proposed hazardous waste generation and disposal ...... 289 Table 11.7 Anticipated Impacts & Mitigation measures for different phases of project ...... 293

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Location of proposed project site within additional Mahad MIDC ...... 7 Figure 1.2 Statutory Clearances / Permissions required ...... 8 Figure 1.3 Flow chart of EIA study ...... 11 Figure 2.1 Proposed Plant layout ...... 27 Figure 2.2 Water balance for Inorganic manufacturing facility ...... 55 Figure 2.3 Water balance for Organic manufacturing facility ...... 56 Figure 2.4 Total Water balance for Post establishment project facility ...... 58 Figure 3.1 Map of GPS points in the study area ...... 65 Figure 3.2 Open series map map of 10 km radius area around Project Site ...... 67 Figure 3.3 Geographical Location of Prasol Chem., Add. Mahad MIDC ...... 68 Figure 3.4 Map of Geographical Location of 10km radius study Area ...... 68 Figure 3.5 Drainage pattern within study area (10 km radius) ...... 70 Figure 3.6 Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site ...... 71 Figure 3.7 Contour map of 500 m angular distance around Project Site ...... 72 Figure 3.8 Landuse/landcover map of 10 km radius area around Project Site ...... 74 Figure 3.9 Landuse/landcover statistics of 10 km radius area around Project Site ...... 75 Figure 3.10 Landuse/landcover map of 500m angular distance around Project Site ...... 76 Figure 3.11 LULC statistics of 500 m angular distance around Project Site ...... 77 Figure 3.12 Detailed map of 10 km radius study area around Project Site...... 78 Figure 3.13 Site Photographs - Stone Quarry near Project Site along NH 17/66 ...... 79 Figure 3.14 Site Photographs - Small habitation ‘Sonar kond’ towards North of Project Site ...... 79 Figure 3.15 Site Photographs - Open Land and MIDC Pipeline near Project Site ...... 80 Figure 3.16 Site Photographs - Open land along with scrub located within the study area ...... 80 Figure 3.17 Soil sampling locations in 10 km study area ...... 81 Figure 3.18 Wind Rose for Summer 2017 season ...... 85 Figure 3.19 Temperature Profile of Raigad District ...... 86 Figure 3.20 Rainfall profile ...... 86 Figure 3.21 Photographs of AAQ monitoring ...... 89 Figure 3.22 Locations of AAQM stations ...... 89 Figure 3.23 Surface water sampling locations ...... 97 Figure 3.24 Map Showing Talukas of Raigad District & Study Area (Red Circle) ...... 103 Figure 3.25 WayPoints & Survey Tracks ...... 104 Figure 3.26 Hill slope/Dense vegetation and evidence of wildlife within it ...... 105 Figure 3.27 Stone quarry & tip burn in dense vegetation ...... 106 Figure 3.28 Step farming in dense vegetation on hill slope ...... 106 Figure 3.29 Graph showing tree species composition in Dense Vegetation ...... 108 Figure 3.30 Graph showing shrub species composition in study area ...... 108 Figure 3.31 Graph showing herb species composition in study area ...... 109 Figure 3.32Graph showing climber species composition in study area ...... 109 Figure 3.33 Graph showing overall composition in dense vegetation ...... 109 Figure 3.34 Graphical representation of diversity index in dense vegetation ...... 110 Figure 3.35 Glimps of Human habitat ...... 111 Figure 3.36 Industrial units and Green Belt in Additional Mahad MIDC ...... 111 Figure 3.37 Graph showing tree species composition in Human settelement ...... 112 Figure 3.38 Graph showing shrub species composition in Human settelement ...... 112 Figure 3.39 Graph showing herb species composition in Human settelement ...... 112 Figure 3.40 Graph showing overall composition in human settlement ...... 113 Figure 3.41 Graphical representation of diversity index in Human Settelement ...... 113 Figure 3.42 Glimpse of Agriculture fields near human habitation ...... 114 Figure 3.43 Graph showing tree species composition in agriculture ...... 115 Figure 3.44 Graph showing shrub species composition in agriculture ...... 115 Figure 3.45 Graph showing overall floral composition in agriculture ...... 115 Figure 3.46 Graphical representation of diversity index in agriculture ...... 116 Figure 3.47 Glimpse of water bodies ...... 117 Figure 3.48 Various Anthropogenic pressures on Water Bodies in Study Area ...... 118 Figure 3.49 Graph showing overall floral composition in aquatic habitat ...... 118

Figure 3.50 View of site ...... 120 Figure 3.51 Paddy field pipit & Crested Lark within site ...... 121 Figure 3.52 Data Received from Forest Department...... 122 Figure 3.53 Sex Ratio of Study Area & Its Comparisons at District & State Level ...... 128 Figure 3.54 Caste based distribution of Population in the Study Area ...... 128 Figure 3.55 Educational Facilities Available in Villages & Towns of Study Area ...... 129 Figure 3.56 Communication, Transportation & Approach Road Facilities in the Study Area ...... 131 Figure 3.57 Ratio of Workers & Non Workers in the Study Area ...... 132 Figure 3.58 Economic Category wise Distribution of Workers in the Study Area ...... 133 Figure 4.1 Overall water balance diagram ...... 144 Figure 4.2 Proposed effluent treatment flow scheme ...... 146 Figure 4.3 Windrose – Summer 2017 ...... 152 Figure 4.4 Isopleths Impacts for PM10 ...... 153 Figure 4.5 Isopleths of SO2 ...... 154 Figure 4.6 Isopleths of NOx ...... 156 Figure 4.7 Sample template for Occupational health of the workers ...... 168 Figure 7.1 QRA Methodology ...... 189 Figure 7.2 Flow Chart for QRA Methodology ...... 189 Figure 7.3 Hazard Category for Storage Tanks as per FETI study ...... 234 Figure 7.4 Dangerous good and combustible liquid storage compatibility chart ...... 253 Figure 10.1 Integrated management certificate ...... 271 Figure 10.2 EHS Policy ...... 272 Figure 10.3 Indicative EHS Management Cell ...... 273

LIST OF ANNEXURES

No. Contents/ Title 1.1 TOR approval letter received from EAC (industry-2) committee 1.2 Copy of Consent to establish 1.3 Commitment for “No banned pesticides will be manufactured” 2.1 Proposed plot plan 2.2 Application to MIDC for Water Assurance letter 2.3 NOC Letter from CETP & Letter of Acceptance of CETP condition 3.1 Open Series map of 10 km radius 3.2 Land use Land cover report 3.3 Hazardous waste authorization 3.4 Date wise AAQM results 3.5 Biodiversity figures and tables 3.6 Socio economic data 4.1 Detailed CER plan & copy of submission to District authority 7.1 Confirmation letter from Prasol for recommendation compliance 7.2 ALOHA study and results 7.3 Mond Index/Calculation and Classification (Hazard Category) 7.4 Qualitative risk assessment and discussion 7.5 Fire Load and water calculations 7.6 Fire prevention and protection measures

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Full form AAQM Ambient Air Quality monitoring ACGIH American Council for Governmental Industrial Hygienists ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable APCM Air Pollution Control Measures APHA American Public Health Association API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient BDL Below Detectable Limit BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant CGWA Central Ground Water Authority CHWTSDF Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility CMD Cubic Meter Per Day COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CREP Corporate Responsibility for Environment Protection CER Corporate Environment Responsibility CTO Consent to Operate dB Decibels DG Diesel generator DISH Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health DMP Disaster management plan EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EC Environment Clearance EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environment Management Plan EMS Environmental Management Systems ERPG Emergency Response Planning Guidelines ETP Effluent treatment plan FAE Functional area expert ISO International Organization for Standardization GLC Ground Level Concentration

Abbreviation Full form HW Hazardous Waste LULC Land Use Land Cover MIDC Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MOEF&CC Ministry of Environment and Forest & Climate Change MPCB Maharashtra Pollution Control Board MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NOC No Objection Certificate OHSAS Occupational Hazard and Safety O & M Operation and Maintenance PM Particulate Matter

PM10 Particulate Matter < 10 µg/cum

PM2.5 Particulate Matter < 2.5 µg/cum PPE Personal Protective Equipment RWH Rain Water Harvesting SOCMI Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry STEL Short Term Exposure Limit SEAC State Expert Appraisal Committee SEIAA State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority TPA Ton Per Annum TLV Threshold Limiting Value TOR Term of Reference TPD Ton Per Day TPH Ton Per Hour TPM Ton Per Month TWA Time Weighted Average

Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 1 – Introduction

1 INTRODUCTION

Prasol Chemicals Private Limited (formerly known as Prasol Chemicals Limited) proposes a Greenfield project for manufacturing of pesticide industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals at Plot No. FS-30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, District Raigad, Maharashtra.

Purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report

The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment report is to investigate the principal environmental concerns, assess magnitude of impact and suggest a suitable Environmental Management Plan for the proposed Establishment of Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit by Prasol Chemicals Private limited (Prasol) at its newly acquired plot at FS-30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, District Raigad, Maharashtra as per the TOR issued by MOEF&CC as per letter dated 10th July 2017 (Refer Annexure 1.1) This report is prepared based on ToR issued and ‘General Structure of EIA’ given in Appendix III and IIIA of the mentioned EIA Notification.

Identification of project & project proponent

Proposed Project The Project is for manufacturing of various pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals. The proposed products fall under activity 5(b) (Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulation)) and 5(f) (Synthetic organic chemicals manufacture) Activities listed within the Category to the EIA Notification dated September 14th, 2006 (amended till date). The project is classified as Category “A” project.

Project Proponent The company “Prasol Chemicals Private Limited” (Prasol) is premier manufacture of specialty chemicals (Phosphorus/acetone/Cumene derivatives, Lubricant additives, mining chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates, aroma chemicals and many more specialty chemicals).

History

With its establishment in 1992, the Prasol belief in "Customer First, Reputation First" is one which emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction through both product quality and after sales service. Prasol employs a workforce of over 350+ people who work in beautiful surroundings at our factory in Khopoli, which is 60 km east of the commercial capital of India - Mumbai. The total occupied area of Prasol is 18 Acres with production plants for Phosphorous based, Cumene based and hydrogenated products.

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The people at Prasol are dynamic and committed. For them, upholding the company's reputation is not just a part of their job, but a mission. There is an ongoing quest for excellence and they are amply supported by the management's emphasis on enhanced communications with clients.

The products that Prasol manufacturers are prevalent in various sectors such as Paints & Coatings, Thinners, Agrochemicals, Lubricants, Surfactants, Pharmaceuticals, Fragrances, etc. Our global reach spans 40 countries along with local presence pan India. It also has an in-house Research & Development Center and a Projects team.

Vision

"To Become India's Premier Manufacturer / Supplier of Specialty Chemicals & Technical Services."

Mission

To interact with clients in process up gradation and cost-cutting measures:- • Ensures High Customer Satisfaction • Ensures Value Addition to all our Stakeholders To interact with clients in process up gradation and cost-cutting measures:- • Ensures High Customer Satisfaction • Ensures Value Addition to all our Stakeholders

To maintain adequate profitability by growth of Top line, Bottom line and various cost- cutting measures.

Prasol Chemicals Private Limited (Prasol) forms an integral part of the global chemical industry.

Prasol is an ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001: 2004 and an OHSAS 18001:2007 certified company that is well aligned with its vision "To become a premier manufacturer of Specialty Chemicals and to provide Technical Services globally." Prasol is also “A” credit rated by SMERA.

Prasol has its own Research and Development and Manufacturing unit, with production facilities for Phosphorous Based, Acetone Based and Hydrogenated products, situated at Khopoli in Raigad district, Maharashtra state.

Prasol is prevalent in various sectors spanning Paints, Coatings, Thinners, Flavors & Fragrances, Agrochemicals, Lubricant Additives, Surfactants, Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Industries.

Prasol’s global reach spans 40 countries along with local presence through multiple dedicated distribution channels across India.

With a team strength of over 450 employees, Prasol enforce its belief of "Customer first, Reputation first", through technical support and after sales service.

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Prasol has established aggressive growth plans for its business with a well-defined pathway for the next several years. Lead by a strong and enthusiastic team of technocrats, the company is well underway in executing plans for organic growth in the near & medium term.

Company History and milestones

1995

Prasol Chemicals Limited proposes a Greenfield project for manufacturing of Inorganic, Organic & Synthetic Chemicals at Plot No. FS-30, Addl Mahad MIDC situated in Raigad District, Maharashtra state.

Project Proponent & Background of Promoters

Prasol Chemicals Private Limited is one of the leading & fastest growing chemical manufacturing companies in India. Incorporated in 1992, the manufacturing of unsaturated polyester resins was commissioned. In the year 1995, Prasol became a deemed Public limited company and set up a manufacturing unit at Khopoli near Mumbai, India.

Prasol is an ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and an OHSAS 18001:2007 certified company. PCPL has an in-house R & D and manufacturing facility, with production plants for Phosphorous based; Acetone based and hydrogenated products, situated at Khopoli, with their own warehouse for storage and distribution of specialty chemicals.

The total occupied area at Khopoli is 16 Acres (around 64,000 sq. meters) with production plants for Phosphorous Pentasulphide, Diacetone Alcohol, Isophorone,

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Mesityl Oxide, Lubricant Additives, Phenol – Acetone and various Hydrogenated Products.

Prasol are prevalent in various sectors spanning Paints, Coatings, Thinners, Flavors & Fragrances, Agrochemicals, Lubricant Additives, Surfactants, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Industries.

Prasol’s global reach spreads over 40 countries along with local presence in India through multiple dedicated distribution channels.

Prasol has established aggressive growth plans for its business with a well-defined pathway for the next several years. Lead by a strong and enthusiastic team of technocrats, the company is well underway in executing plans for organic growth in the near & medium term.

Prasol, strongly believes that, When a team outgrows individual performance and learns team confidence, excellence becomes a reality. Keeping with our belief, the Prasol Family has concocted a perfect blend of wisdom, youth, energy and most importantly passion.

The Company is managed by the promoters and whole time Directors; Mr. Nishith Shah (Chairman), Mr Bhisham K Gupta (Vice chairman), Mr Gaurang Parikh (Managing Director), Mr Dhaval Parikh (Director International business) and Mr Pankil Dharia(Director), assisted by highly skilled technical and commercial professionals.

Back ground of promoters

Mr Nishith Shah After graduating from California Polytechnic as a (Chairman) Metallurgical Engineer, he worked at Rockwell Intl. as a Quality Control Engineer. He moved to India in 1985 to join his family-owned businesses Heatreaters & Engineers, Mumbai and Heat Fab, Pune. In the year 1992, he pursued his dream of starting a manufacturing company of his own and started Prasol Chemicals private Ltd. He has 40+ years of experience in Fabrication, Failure Analysis and Business Development of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals. Mr. Bhisham K. Gupta He is a Chartered Mechanical Engineer who started his (Vice Chairman) career working for about 7 years in National Fertilizer, a large Public sector unit manufacturing various Fertilizers using High pressure around 600kg/cm2 through the ammonia sun gas process. He further gained over 27 years of experience at a large Multinational Petrochemical plant, Herdillia chemicals ltd at Navi Mumbai. He has worked in various capacities as a Chief Engineer, Chief Production Manager, Works Manager and finally as General Manager in executing EPDM rubber Plant in collaboration with Uniroyal, a Fortune 500 company. He is one of the initial promoters of Prasol Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Gaurang Parikh He is an Alumnus of University of Pune, graduating with B.S. (Managing Director) Chemical Engineering. He further pursued M.S. Chemical

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Engineering at the University of Toledo, USA. After finishing his studies, he worked at ThyssenKrupp Budd Company in Illinois. He joined Prasol in 2001 as the Director of Sales & Marketing and started the division of Distribution of Niche chemicals. He has a firm commitment towards making Prasol a Home of choice for all his associates and colleagues. Mr. Dhaval Parikh He is an Alumnus of UDCT Mumbai and graduated with a (Director International Bachelor of Technology - Plastics Technology. Thereafter he Business) did his Masters in Plastics Engineering from University of Massachusetts at Lowell. He then worked for GE Plastics film and sheet division at Mt. Vernon Indiana. He joined Prasol Chemicals in 2007 as the Director of International Business and is responsible for International Marketing and Procurement. He also handles local sales of organic manufactured chemicals, along with polymers and chemicals for Distribution. He enjoys process development; focuses on hydrogenation technology and managing ERP systems at Prasol. Mr. Pankil Dharia After completing his undergraduate studies in Electrical (Director) Engineering and Molecular & Cellular Biology from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Pankil worked in California at CRDM unit of Medtronic as a Sales Representative for 4 years. He later returned to Mumbai in 2010 and joined Prasol as a Director of Sales & Marketing. Pankil is responsible for the sales and distribution of our Value Added Products and exports of certain niche chemicals that we manufacture. He also actively involved in business development and identifying new products that can be made at Prasol to the customer's requirement.

Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project & Its Importance in the Country, Region

Nature & Size of Project

The company proposes to establish manufacturing of various pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing at the site as mentioned below: Table 1.1 Proposed products and its capacity S. No. Product / By Products Capacity (MT/Year) Products 1 Diethyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DETA) 12,000 (Combined 2 Diethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DETC) capacity will be 3 Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DMTC) manufactured on Campaign basis) 4 Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) 1,000 5 Dithiophosphates 6,000 (Combined

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a Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) capacity will be b Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate manufactured on c Sodium Dithiophosphate Campaign basis) 6 Organic Acetates 5,000 (Combined a 2-Methyl Adrohol Acetate capacity will be b Trimethyl Cyclohexyl Acetate manufactured on c Styrallyl Acetate Campaign basis) d Phenethyl Acetate 7 Hydrogenated Products 5,000 (Combined a O-Methyl Cyclohexanol capacity will be b O-Methyl Cyclohexanone manufactured on c Styrallyl Alcohol Campaign basis) d 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol e 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanone Sub Total (Products) 29,000 By-Products 1 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphide (NaHS) 8,500 2 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 19,500 3 Wettable Sulphur 3,000 4 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) 150 5 Sodium Sulphite Na2SO3 650 6 Dil. Acetic Acid 3000 Sub Total (By Products) 34,800 Grand Total (Products + By products) 63,800

Note: Prasol chemicals private limited proposed to undertake establishment of manufacturing of inorganic phosphorus based chemicals [Phosphorus pentasulfide: 12,000 TPA, Red Phosphorus: 2,000 TPA, & Chlorinated products (Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus Pentachloride, Phosphoryl Trichloride, Triphosphoryl chloride): 10,000 TPA) used in lubricant oil which does not falls under EIA notification, 2006 plus trading activity 5000 TPA, Company has applied and received Consent to establish from Maharashtra Pollution control board for above products. The total plot area of the site is 45,000 sq m (4.5 Hectare) and estimated project cost is ~ Rs. 50 Crores.

Project Location The proposed establishment shall be carried out at its plot FS-30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, District Raigad of Maharashtra.

Additional Mahad MIDC is located at about 7 km from Mahad city, and 190 km from JNPT port. Mumbai airport is at about 177 km away.

The Geographical Location of this plot is at Latitude 18° 7’ 35” N and 73° 32' 16" E (central coordinates) with an average elevation of 39 meter above MSL (mean sea level).

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Geographical plant site coordinates are as mentioned below:

Direction Latitude Longitude North east corner 180 7’ 36.56” 730 32’ 20.40” North west corner 180 7’ 36.61” 730 32’ 13.53” South east corner 180 7’ 33.08” 730 32’ 22.10” South west corner 180 7’ 33.51” 730 32’ 14.47”

Proposed location (Prasol Chemicals Limited)

Figure 1.1 Location of proposed project site within additional Mahad MIDC

Importance of the Project to the Country, Region All the products proposed above are imported to India on a regular basis. The quantum of imports varies from product to product but the manufactured goods will be import substitutes.

Amongst the products proposed, hydrogenated products, Phosphorus Pentasulphide and ZDDP are already being manufactured at the company’s current facility near Khopoli, Dist: Raigad, Maharashtra.

The additional products proposed are forward integration of the company’s current products and have a great demand both global and domestic. The demand is envisaged to increase rapidly in the domestic market.

Export Possibilities

The products can be exported thus leading to Forex revenues for the country.

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Employment generation (direct/indirect) due to project

The proposed establishment of plant at plots FS - 30 will certainly lead to increase in employment generation. Prasol will have employment generation for operation, maintenance, Packaging, Dispatch, administration etc. Also, there is great potential for employment in the downstream industries.

Regulatory framework of the proposed industry

General clearances and other related permissions Prasol shall obtain required statutory permission and clearances from concerned authorities. Details of permits and clearance as applicable to this project are provided in table below. Figure 1.2 Statutory Clearances / Permissions required No Legal requirement 1 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 as amended to date 2 Factory License 3 The Factories Act 1948 & Rules therein 4 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Rules, 1975, as amended to date. 5 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and Rules, 1978, as amended to date. 6 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Rules, 1982, as amended to date. 7 The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical rules, 1989, as amended to date. 8 The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016 as amended to date. 9 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules, 1986, as amended to date 10 Chemical accidents (Emergency Planning, preparedness and response) Rules, 1996 11 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 & The Central Motor Vehicle rules, 1989 12 The Petroleum Act, 1934 & Rules, 2002. 13 The Explosive Act, 1884 and rules, 1983 as amended to date 14 The Gas Cylinders Rules, 2004 15 The Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels (Unfired) Rules, 1981 16 The Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 as amended to date 17 The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001, as amended to date 18 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 as amended to date 19 E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 as amended to date 20 Electricity Rule, 2005 21 Consents from MPCB 22 The Bureau of Indian Standards Act 23 Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 and Rules, 1991 as amended to date 24 The Insecticide Act, 1968 & Rules, 1971 25 The Custom Act, 1962 26 Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules,

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1996 27 The Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 28 The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 amended in 2002 & 2003 29 Merchant Shipping (carriage of cargo) Rules 1995 Note: Above list is indicative and not exhaustive.

Applicability of EIA Notification 2006 As a part of Environmental Clearance process, Prasol uploaded and submitted relevant documents, namely Form – 1 (as per the EIA Notification, 2006, as amended), along with a Pre-feasibility Report and Proposed Terms of Reference (ToR) for carrying out Environmental Studies, to the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) MoEF&CC on 28th February 2017.

Based on the information contained in the documents submitted, the project has been awarded proposal number IA/MH/IND2/62822/2017.

Presentation has been made during the 22nd Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry – 2) meeting held on 16th – 17th April 2017 to the EAC.

ToR has been finalized to conduct the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) & Environmental Management Plan (EMP) studies, vide its letter dated 10th July 2017 as attached as Annexure 1.1.

For conducting EIA as per the TORs, the project proponent Prasol Chemicals Private Limited has retained the services of M/s. Aditya Environmental Services Private limited, Mumbai who are NABET accredited EIA Consultant Organization for pesticides sector.

Own Laboratory of Aditya Environmental Services Private limited (Recognized by MOEF&CC as “Environmental Laboratory” vide SO no 983 valid till 30.04.2019) has conducted baseline monitoring in Summer 2017 for EIA report.

Environment Impact Assessment

Environmental Impact Assessment is a management tool used to identify, frame and prioritize the environmental issues so that the required mitigation measures can be worked out at the project planning phase and the negative impacts can be minimized or avoided during actual operation of the proposed action.

Objectives

The objectives of EIA for the proposed establishment of project are listed below:

• Characterization and benchmarking of existing environmental status. • To identify and quantify significant impact on the environmental parameters during construction, commissioning and operation phases of the proposed project. • To identify and quantify any environmental impacts associated with the project and recommend appropriate mitigation measures to avoid/minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance.

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• Preparation of an environmental management plan to minimize adverse impacts of proposed project. • Recognize the scope and requirement of the ToR and comply with the same.

Process of EIA study EIA is a management tool to identify, frame and prioritize the environmental issues in such a way as to work out the mitigation measures to allow the negative impacts to be minimized or to be avoided during the construction and operation phase of the proposed establishment project.

EIA process passes through the following phases:

• Screening, Scoping and consideration of alternatives • Study of the project details • Application with environmental pre-feasibility study for approval of ToR. • Collection of baseline data for study area • Impact identification, prediction and evaluation • Assessment of alternatives and delineation of Environment Management Plan • Risk Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP) • Review and finalization of EIA report • Final EIA report and EC Application.

Flow chart of various activities to be carried out for EIA report preparation is depicted in figure below.

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Project initiation

Preliminary scan of Preliminary scan of Existing environment Proposed environment

Select Environmental indicators

Describe Environmental Indicators Field survey / Hazard sampling

and Risk Select Environmental setting Analysis

Impact evaluation (modeling)

Risk assessm ent and Rescanning of proposed Environmental Impact Assessment DMP Environment

Environmental Management Plan

EIA Report

Figure 1.3 Flow chart of EIA study

Methodology adopted for EIA study The methodology adopted for conducting the EIA is mentioned below:

Screening and scoping: Screening is done to see whether a project requires clearance as per the statutory notifications. Scales of investment, type and location of development are the main criteria for screening the project activity. Scoping is carried out in close association with the project proponent and guidance by the Impact Assessment Agency. The MoEF&CC has published guidelines for different sectors, which outline the significant issues to be addressed in the EIA studies. Quantifiable impacts are assessed on the basis of magnitude, prevalence, frequency, duration and significance of non-quantifiable impacts is commonly determined through the socio-economic criteria. After the areas where the project can have significant impact are identified, the baseline status of these are to be monitored and then the likely changes in these on account of the construction and operation of the proposed project are predicted. Desk top study: Desktop study has been conducted to establish an environmental information database for the EIA. Reference materials such as textbooks, articles, maps, internet, photographs and past EIA reports of similar industries have been used for the preparation of EIA report. Field study: One season field study for the period of Summer 2017 has been carried out to verify and complement information gathered from desktop study. Baseline data describes the existing environmental status of the identified study area. The study covers all the

Environmental Consultant Aditya Environmental Services Page 11 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 1 – Introduction relevant components of ambient air monitoring; noise, water quality, soil monitoring, ecological, and socio-economic and health components of the environment. The site-specific primary data has been monitored for the identified parameters and supplemented by secondary data if available. Air environment Monitoring of the existing status of ambient air quality and analysis has been carried out as per revised National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Maximum numbers of sampling stations have been selected considering the pre-dominant downward wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptor of the region. Micro-meteorological data like hourly wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, rain fall, etc., have been collected by using wind monitor. Monitoring of flue gas emission was carried out from the existing plant. Air Modeling was done to envisage the likely impact on ambient air quality due to proposed establishment of the project. Noise environment Noise level monitoring has been carried out for day and night times by noise meter to assess the present scenario of the noise environment. Land Environment Soil samples have been collected from selected locations within the impact zone and analyzed for relevant parameters. Studies of soil characteristics are carried out. Existing land use and topography, landscape and drainage patterns within the study area is also analyzed. Water environment Ground & Surface Water samples have been collected from various locations within 10 km radius from the project. Analysis is carried out for physio-chemical, heavy metal, microbiological and biological parameters as per requirement. Results have been compared to assess the water quality.

Ecology & Socio-Economic Environment Secondary data of flora and fauna have been collected by site survey and from various literatures published by Forest Department. Data have also been verified by primary data collected. Collection of demographic and related socio-economic data. Projection of anticipated changes in the socio-economic aspect due to the project related activities, are also studied.

Laboratory Analysis

Samples collected during the field sampling are analyzed in an established recognized laboratory.

Impact Prediction and Evaluation

Impact prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its alternatives. Evaluation of all associated and potential impacts of the proposed project were carried out using required models. Impact evaluation is carried out using the matrix method.

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Mitigation Measures and Environmental Management Plan

Efficient mitigation plan has been drawn up for the selected option and is supplemented with an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to guide the proponent towards environmental improvements. Depending on nature, location and scale of the project, all significant risks and hazards and their mitigation measures shall be incorporated in the risk report. Risk report contains hazard identification by taking recourse to hazard indices, inventory analysis, natural hazard probability, consequence analysis of failures and accidents resulting in fire, explosion, hazardous releases etc. Assessment of risk on the basis of the necessary evaluations and preparation of an Onsite /off site Emergency Plan and Disaster Management Plan are also mentioned in the risk report.

EIA Report

Based on the field survey visit primary & secondary data collection, compilation of data and technical details are done by the project team and reviewed. Draft EIA report is prepared after incorporation of all the technical data, maps, drawings, FAEs comments and inputs. Quality check is conducted by a QA/QC team and their comments are incorporated in the report. After final confirmation from the project proponent EIA report is submitted to MoEF&CC.

Structure of EIA Report This report comprises of twelve (12) chapters in line with the generic structure of EIA report given in Annexure III of the EIA notification as well as to furnish details required in prescribed TORs as mentioned below,

Chapter Description Content No 1 Introduction Purpose of the report, Identification of project & project proponent, Brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance to the country, region, Scope of the study, EIA methodology and information about assessment agency.

2 Project Type of project, Need for the project, Location maps Description showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout), size of project, • Technology and process description • utilities, • Resource consumption etc. • Condensed description of those aspects of the project (based on project feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects • Proposed schedule for approval and implementation, • Description of mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet environmental standards,

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Chapter Description Content No • Assessment of New & untested technology, if applicable, for the risk of technological failure

3 Description of Demarcation and description of Study area, study period, the components as identified in the scope & methodology of Environment baseline study, Establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, results of the study and inferences, Base maps of all environmental components, wherever applicable 4 Anticipated • Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to Environmental project location, possible accidents, project design, Impact and project construction, regular operations. mitigation • Measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse measures impacts identified. • Irreversible and Irretrievable commitments of environmental components • Assessment of significance of impacts (Criteria for determining significance, Assigning significance) • Mitigation measures. 5 Analysis of • Analysis of alternatives site considered for siting the Alternatives project. (Site and • Analysis of alternatives technologies considered for the Technology) project 6 Environmental • Technical aspects of environmental monitoring for monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. program Measurement methodologies, frequency, location data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, budget & procurement schedules) 7 Additional Hazard Identification studies (Public Risk Assessment & control/prevention Measures hearing and Disaster Management plan Risk Results of public hearing and recommendations (If assessment) applicable) 8 Project benefits Improvements in the physical infrastructure, Improvements in the social infrastructure, Employment potential skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled, Other substantial benefits 9 Environmental Details of the environmental benefits of the project.(If cost benefit recommended in additional ToR) analysis 10 Environmental Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that management mitigation measures are implemented and their plan effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA. 11 Summary and Overall justification for the project and explanation of how conclusions adverse effects have been mitigated 12 Disclosure of Details of EIA Consultant engaged and consultancy consultant rendered.

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Chapter Description Content No engaged

Scope of the EIA Study

Prasol Chemical Private limited is proposing to establish production facility of pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit by installation of plants and infrastructure at the site. The proposal falls under activity 5(b) and 5(f), Category A as per EIA notification 2006 and needs prior environmental clearance from Central Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC). According the EIA is prepared as per Model TOR prescribed (MOEF&CC document April 2015 for Activity 5(b) and 5(f) and specific TOR granted in 22nd EAC (Industry 2) meeting held during 17th and 18th April 2017. Any development project is likely to impact surrounding environment. The nature and magnitude of impact on different components of the environment will depend on the nature and size of project as well as location aspects of the project site and steps taken for mitigating the environmental impact. The final net impact due to the proposed project on environmental components can be evaluated through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies within the study area prior to its implementation. The results of EIA Studies form the basis for preparation of a viable Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The EIA Studies can be broadly divided in to three phases. ➢ 1stPHASE: The first phase involves identification of significant environmental components and assessing their baseline (Pre-project) status within the study area. ➢ 2ndPHASE: The second phase involves prediction of impacts on various identified significant environmental parameters due to proposed project. Data regarding the proposed construction activities, design capacity of the individual units, water consumption, solid / hazardous waste, sewage / effluent generation, characteristics of disposal medium and topography of the study area is also taken into consideration to evaluate project related environmental features. ➢ 3rdPHASE: The third phase covers the evaluation of final impacts and delineation of an Environmental Management Plan to mitigate adverse impacts on the quality of surrounding environment. For the purpose of assessing the impacts Study area of 10 km radius around project site was identified for the EIA study as per MOEF&CC guidelines. The scope of work for the EIA covers the following details: • Assessment of environmental features of project and evaluation of pollution control measures.

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• Assessment of environmental features of the project. • Establishment of present status of land, air, noise, water, biological and socioeconomic and cultural components of the environment. • Identification and quantification of likely impacts due to implementation of proposed plant on the environmental components during the construction and operation phases. • Study of existing activities in the project area. • Evaluation of proposed eco-friendly and pollution control measures. • Assimilation of collected and generated data during the course of EIA studies. Delineation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining measures to be adopted by the project proponents for mitigation of adverse impacts.

Regulatory Scoping & Its Compliance

Compliance to various TOR items as per the Model TOR (MOEFCC document - April 2015 for project activity 5(b) & 5(f)) and Project specific TOR prescribed in 22nd EAC (Industry 2) meeting during 17-18th April 2017 are given in tables below. Table 1.2 Compliance to Model ToR Prescribed by EAC

Particulars Compliance

A STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE 1. Executive Summary Refer Chapter 11 2. Introduction i Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation Refer Chapter 12 ii Information about the project proponent Refer Chapter 1 iii Importance and benefits of the project Refer Chapter 1 and Chapter 8 3. Project Description i Cost of project and time of completion. Refer Chapter 2 ii Products with capacities for the proposed project. Refer Chapter 2 iii If expansion project, details of existing products with Not applicable, capacities and whether adequate land is available for New expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. establishment iv List of raw materials required and their source along with Refer Chapter 2 mode of transportation. v Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and Refer Chapter 2 storage capacities vi Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation Refer Chapter 2 and their management vii Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of Refer Chapter 2 approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii Process description along with major equipment’s and Refer Chapter 2 machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to products to be provided

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Particulars Compliance

ix Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. Refer Chapter 7 and its annexure x Expansion/modernization proposals a Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Not applicable amendments there to obtain for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b In case the existing project has not obtained environmental Not applicable, clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of New the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall establishment be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005- 2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance Report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4 Site Details i Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, Refer Chapter-2, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether & Chapter 5 other sites were considered. provides justification for selecting the site ii A topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. Refer Annexure (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally 3.1 sensitive places) iii Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site Refer Chapter 5 iv Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Refer Chapter 1, v Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. Refer Chapter 2, vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit Refer Annexure indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities 2.1 etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) Refer Chapter 3 plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.

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Particulars Compliance viii Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified Refer Chapter 3 and acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc. shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix A list of major industries with name and type within study Refer Chapter- 2 area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area x Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study Refer Chapter- 3 area shall be included. xi Details of Drainage of the project up to 5 km radius of study Refer Chapter-3 area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, Not applicable stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government Not applicable policy. 5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable) i Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry Not applicable. clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest No use of forest Department. (if applicable) land. Project is in MIDC. ii Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery Not applicable, (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case Project is in of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) MIDC. iii iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I Not applicable. forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. No use of forest land. iv The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Not applicable, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Project is in Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly MIDC. authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden- thereon v Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Not applicable, Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Project is in Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area MIDC. vi Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Not applicable. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife. 6 Environmental Status

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Particulars Compliance

i Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project Refer Chapter 3 site and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, Refer Chapter 3 SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations Refer Annexure as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 3.4 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and Refer Chapter 3 downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river There is no identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/ MoEF&CC near the site. vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be Refer Chapter 3 included. vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Refer Chapter 3 viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines Refer Chapter 3 ix Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of Not applicable. vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and Refer Chapter 3 aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule- I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi Socio-economic status of the study area. Refer Chapter 3 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from Refer Chapter-4 the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also be provided. The air quality

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Particulars Compliance

contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii Water Quality modeling - in case of discharge in water body Not applicable iii Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end Refer Chapter-4 products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum- rail transport shall be examined. iv A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant Refer Chapter-4 operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v Details of stack emission and action plan for control of Refer Chapter-4 emissions to meet standards. vi Measures for fugitive emission control Refer Chapter-4 vii Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, Refer Chapter-4 utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste- minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Refer Chapter-4 Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area Refer Annexure i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details 2.1 of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site Not applicable shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Refer Chapter 6 environmental pollution control measures shall be included. xii Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall Refer Chapter 6 be submitted. xiii Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Refer Chapter 7 Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.

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Particulars Compliance

8 Occupational health i Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & Refer Chapter 6 safety of all contract and casual workers ii Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of Not applicable as worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre it is new designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, proposed Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other establishment ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are Not applicable as the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within it is new Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, proposed what measures the company has adopted to keep them establishment within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety 9 Corporate Environment Policy i Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy Yes. Refer approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in Chapter 10 the EIA report. ii Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard Refer Chapter 10 operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of Refer Chapter 10 the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv Does the company have system of reporting of non- Refer Chapter 10 compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, Sanitation, fuel, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor force during Restroom etc. construction as well as to the casual workers including truck will be provided drivers during operation phase. to the labors during construction as well as casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase.

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Particulars Compliance

11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be Refer Chapter 04 earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or any No. Not direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the applicable project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above Noted and TOR. followed in the report B SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR PESTICIDES INDUSTRY AND PESTICIDE SPECIFIC INTERMEDIATES (EXCLUDING FORMULATIONS) 1 Commitment that no banned pesticides will be manufactured. No banned pesticide will be manufactured (Annexure 1.3) 2 Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent recovery Refer Chapter 2 and for emissions control. & Chapter 4 3 Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and its Refer Chapter 2 arrangement to control. & Chapter 4 4 Ambient air quality data should include VOC, other process- Refer Annexure specific pollutants* like NH3*, chlorine*, HCl*, HBr*, H2S*, 3.4 HF*, CS2 etc., (*-as applicable) 5 Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous Refer Chapter 7 chemicals. and Chapter 6 6 Detailed effluent treatment scheme including segregation for Refer Chapter 4 units adopting 'Zero' liquid discharge. Water Environment for details. 7 Action plan for odor control to be submitted. Refer Chapter 4 8 A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed with Not applicable cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they co-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated. 9 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of liquid effluent Refer Annexure in CETP and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any. 2.3 and Annexure 3.3 10 Material Safety Data Sheet for all the Chemicals are being Refer Annex 7.4 used/will be used. 11 Authorization/Membership for the disposal of Refer Annexure solid/hazardous waste in TSDF. 3.3

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Particulars Compliance

12 Details of incinerator if to be installed. Not applicable 13 Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous Refer Chapter 7 chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety system to be incorporated. 14 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers Refer Chapter 7 engaged in handling of toxic materials. Table 1.3 Point wise Compliance to Add. TOR granted in 22nd EAC (Industry 2) Meeting No Term of reference Compliance/ Companies Reply i Public Hearing is exempted as per para 7 (i) Stage III Noted (3)(i)(b) of the EIA Notification, 2006, being site is located in the Notified Industrial Area. ii ZLD plan to be submitted. Refer Chapter 4 Water Environment for details. (Ref: MOEF & CC Letter F. No J-11011/70/2017-IA. II (I) dated 10th July 2017, Refer Annexure 1.1)

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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Type of Project

Prasol Chemicals Private Limited (Prasol) proposes to manufacture pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals at notified additional Mahad MIDC, Tal. Mahad, Dist Raigad, Maharashtra state. As per EIA Notification dated 14 September 2006, the enhancement / establishment in production capacity of pesticides / pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing Industry falls under activity in 5(b) and 5(f) respectively – Category A and needs prior environmental clearance from Central EAC II. The production quantities of the various products / by-products proposed at Prasol Chemicals Private Limited at the site shall be as below, Table 2.1 Proposed Products and is capacities S. No. Product / By Products Capacity (MT/Year) Products 1 Diethyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DETA) 12,000 (Combined 2 Diethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DETC.) capacity will be 3 Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DMTC) manufactured on Campaign basis) 4 Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) 1,000 5 Dithiophosphates 6,000 (Combined a Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) capacity will be b Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate manufactured on Campaign basis) c Sodium Dithiophosphate

6 Organic Acetates 5,000 (Combined a 2-Methyl Adrohol Acetate capacity will be b Trimethyl Cyclohexyl Acetate manufactured on c Styrallyl Acetate Campaign basis) d Phenethyl Acetate 7 Hydrogenated Products 5,000 (Combined a O-Methyl Cyclohexanol capacity will be b O-Methyl Cyclohexanone manufactured on c Styrallyl Alcohol Campaign basis) d 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol e 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanone Sub Total (Products) 29,000 By-Products

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1 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphide (NaHS) 8,500 2 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 19,500 3 Wettable Sulphur 3,000 4 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) 150 5 Sodium Sulphite Na2SO3 650 6 Dil. Acetic Acid 3000 Sub Total (By Products) 34,800 Grand Total (Products + By products) 63,800 Note : Prasol chemicals private limited proposed to undertake establishment of manufacturing of inorganic phosphorus based chemicals [Phosphorus pentasulfide: 12,000 TPA, Red Phosphorus: 2,000 TPA, & Chlorinated products (Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus Pentachloride, Phosphoryl Trichloride, Triphosphoryl chloride): 10,000 TPA) used in lubricant oil which does not falls under EIA notification, 2006 plus trading activity 5000 TPA, Company has applied and received Consent to establish from Maharashtra Pollution control board for above products. Copy of Consent to establish is attached as Annexure 1.2.

Need of the Project

All the products proposed above are imported to India on a regular basis. The quantum of imports varies from product to product but the manufactured goods will be import substitutes. Amongst the products proposed, hydrogenated products, Phosphorus Penta sulphide and ZDDP are already being manufactured at the company’s current facility near Khopoli, Dist: Raigad, Maharashtra.

Location of the Project

The proposed plant facility of Prasol shall be located at Plot No. FS – 30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, Dist Raigad of Maharashtra.

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Figure 2.1 location of Prasol at additional Mahad MIDC

Size/ Magnitude of Operation

Estimated project cost is Rs. 50 Crores. Total plot area is 45,000 m2. The proposed land area utilization shall be as follows: Table 2.2 Proposed Land break up Sr. No. Description Area in sq.m 1 Total Area 45000 2 Construction Area 18815 3 Open Area 3435 4 Parking area 1450 5 Green belt area 14900 6 Road 6400 Detailed plant layout showing proposed plants, utilities, storage and other details are as given in Figure below. (Refer Annexure 2.1 for details)

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Figure 2.1 Proposed Plant layout

Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation

The proposed project will be started after getting Environmental clearance from MoEF & CC & CTE from MPCB.

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Likely completion time is considered approximately two years of project construction/commission.

Products - technology & Process Description

It is proposed to establish combined plant capacity of 12,000 TPA of products, Diethyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DETA), Diethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DETC.) & Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DMTC).

These products will be manufactured on campaign basis.

DETA / DETC / DMTC

Process Chemistry – DETA / DETC. / DMTC Part 1 – Formation of DATA SH

P2S5 + 4 ROH 2 R2P=S + H2S

Phosphorus Alcohol DETA/DMTA Hydrogen Pentasulphide Sulphide

Part 2 – Chlorination of DATA to DATC

SH Cl

2 R2P=S + 3 Cl2 2R2P=S + S2Cl2 + 2 HCl

Acid Chlorine DETC/DMTC Sulphur Hydrochloric Mono chloride Acid

Process block diagram – DETA / DETC. / DMTC

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H2S

ALCOHOL P2S5

To H2S Scrubb er Reactor

HCl

DATA To HCl CHLORINE Scrubb er Chlorination

Crude DATC

Acidic Effluent Washing To ETP (High Agents COD Washing Treatment) Water Washing Effluent & Sulfur Sulfur for sale Losses Distillation Impure and reuse Sulfur

Distillation Bottom DATC Product To CHWTSDF

Plant Process description – DETA / DETC. / DMTC

Dialkyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DATC) is produced using a series of Unit Processes and Operations. The steps involved in the production process are as given below: Manufacture of DATA; Chlorination; Hydrolysis; Distillation of crude DATC; By-product Sulphur Recovery Step 1: Manufacture of Dialkyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DATA) DATA is manufactured by batch process in a CSTR. Predetermined quantity of phosphorus pentasulphide is charged into the reactor containing a measured quantity of Acid as heel. Alcohol is then added in a controlled manner maintaining reaction mass temperature. Reaction is exothermic in nature with evolution of hydrogen sulphide gas which is absorbed in caustic solution in a packed bed scrubber system to form sodium hydrogen sulphide as by-product. Step 2: Chlorination

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In this step, chlorine gas is purged into the Acid in control manner. The reaction mass obtained at the end of this step is a mixture of Dialkyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride, Sulphur mono chloride and Hydrochloric Acid which is then purified in the subsequent steps Step 3: Hydrolysis For washing of crude product, water hydrolysis method is preferred. After addition and maintaining the temperature, first wash of aqueous is to be used for HCL preparation. After washing, organic material is drained from reactor along with washing aqueous mass. This mass (high COD) is then separated and sent to the ETP for further treatment. The Crude free of the washing aqueous mass is then sent for purification. Step 4: Distillation of Crude DATC In this process hydrolyzed mass of crude product is purified by removing high boiling impurities to get DATC product. Step 5: By-product Sulphur Recovery In this step, the sulphur obtained from the hydrolyzed mass of crude product is purified and made suitable for sale or reuse.

Material balance – DETA / DETC. / DMTC

Input/MT of Input /Day of S. No. Raw Materials Product (MT) Product (MT) 1 Phosphorus Pentasulphide 0.740 29.600 2 Ethanol/Methanol 0.690 27.600 3 Chlorine 0.581 23.235 4 Caustic 0.300 12.000 5 Sodium Sulphite 0.040 1.600 6 Water 2.361 94.447 Total 4.712 188.482

Output/MT of Product

Output/

S. Day of Remarks

No. Product

Air Air

HW Item

Liquid Liquid MT

Effluent

Emission

Recovery

Product/

Material/ Byproduct 1 DATC 1 - - - - 40.000 Product To 2 H2S - - 0.001 - - 0.035 Scrubber HCl To 3 - - 0.001 - - 0.047 (Emission) Scrubber By 4 NaHS (30%) 0.520 - - - - 20.800 Product By 5 HCl 0.840 - - - - 33.600 Product Sold / 6 Sulphur 0.200 - - - - 8.000 Recycled 7 Waste Water - 2.020 - - - 80.800 To ETP

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To Distillation 8 - - - - 0.130 5.200 CHWTSD Residue F Tot 2.560 2.020 0.002 0.00 0.130 188.482 al 4.712

Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) It is proposed to establish plant capacity of 1,000 TPA of Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT). Process Chemistry – Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT)

Cl NH2

2 R2P=S + 3 NH3 2R2P=S + HCl DETC/DMTC Ammonia DMPAT Hydrochloric Acid

Process block diagram – Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT)

Plant Process description – Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) The Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DMTC) product is further taken for Ammonia synthesis in predetermined temperature pressure conditions to for DMPAT crude. This on purification by distillation provides DMPAT product.

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Material balance – Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) Input /Day S. Input/MT of Raw Materials of Product No. Product (MT) (MT) 1 DMTC 1.150 3.450 2 Ammonia 0.150 0.450 3 Water for Scrubbing 0.660 1.980 Total 1.960 5.880 Output/MT of Product Output/ S. Day of Material Product / Liquid Air Remarks No. Recovery HW Product / Item Byproduct Effluent Emission MT 1 DMPAT 1 - - - - 3.000 Product 2 NH3 - - 0.012 - - 0.036 To Scrubber 3 NH4OH 0.14 - - - - 0.420 By Product HCl 4 (Emissi - - 0.001 - - 0.003 To Scrubber on) 5 HCl 0.800 - - - - 2.400 By Product Distillatio 6 - - - - 0.007 0.021 To CHWTSDF n Residue 1.940 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.007 Total 5.880 1.960

Dithiophosphates It is proposed to establish combined plant capacity of 6,000 TPA of Dithiophosphate products, Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP), Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate and Sodium Dithiophosphate.

These products will be manufactured on campaign basis.

Process Chemistry – Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP)

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S

1) 4R – OH + P2S5 2 (RO)2 – P = SH + H2S Oxo-Alcohol Phosphorous Reaction Hydrogen Pentasulphide Intermediate Sulphide

S S S

2) 2 (RO)2 – P = SH + ZnO (RO)2 – P = S – Zn -S= P–(OR)2 + H2O Reaction Zinc ZDDP Water Intermediate Oxide

Scrubbing of Hydrogen Sulfide

H2S + NaOH NaHS + H 2O

Hydrogen Sulfide Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydrosulfide Water

Process block diagram – Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP)

Plant Process description – Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP)

ZDDP is manufactured in two major steps.

Step 1: Synthesis Step:

The synthesis of Oxo-Alcohols and Phosphorus Pentasulphide takes place to form a Di- Alkyl Dithiophosphate Acid with release of Hydrogen Sulphide gas. In this step, the oxo- alcohols are charged into the reactor, stirred and heated. Phosphorus Pentasulphide is

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 33 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 2 – Project Description added to this mass with continuous stirring which results in the evolving of gases which are to be absorbed in the 2 stage caustic scrubber.

Step 2: Neutralization Step:

The neutralization of the acid is carried out with zinc oxide. Once neutralization is complete, the product mass is dried. Filter aid is added and the batch is filtered to obtain the product of desired quality. The residue is then removed from the filter in the form of solid cakes. The ZDDP product is then stored, packed and dispatched as required. Material balance – Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP)

Input S. /Day of Raw Materials Input/MT of Product (MT) No. Product (MT) 1 Phosphorus Pentasulphide 0.275 4.125 2 Alcohols 0.470 7.050 3 Zinc Oxide 0.140 2.100 4 Base Oil 0.150 2.250 5 Caustic 0.072 1.078 6 Water for Scrubbing 0.150 2.252 Total 1.257 18.855 Output/MT of Product Output/D S. Product / Liquid Air ay of Materia Recov Remarks No. Byprodu Effluen Emissio HW Product l / Item ery ct t n MT 1 ZDDP 1 - - - - 15.000 Product NaHS By 2 0.250 - - - - 3.750 (30%) Product To 3 H2S - - 0.001 - - 0.013 Scrubber Filter To 4 Residu - - - - 0.006 0.090 CHWTSDF e 1.250 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.006 Total 18.855 1.257

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Process Chemistry – Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate

S

1) 4R – OH + P2S5 2 (RO)2 – P = SH + H2S Oxo-Alcohol Phosphorous Reaction Hydrogen Pentasulphide Intermediate Sulphide

S S S

2) 2 (RO)2 – P = SH + NaOH (RO)2 – P = S – Na – S = P–(OR)2 + H2O Reaction Caustic Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate Water Intermediate

Scrubbing of Hydrogen Sulfide

H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O Hydrogen Sulfide Caustic Sodium Hydrosulfide Water

Process block diagram – Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate

Process Block Diagram - Alkyl Sodium Thiophosphate

Gas to scrubber

P2S5 Reactor 1 Oxo Alcohol

NaOH Reactor 2

Filter

Alkyl Sodium Process residue thiophosphate (HW waste)

Plant Process description – Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate

Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate is manufactured in two major steps.

Step 1: Synthesis Step:

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The synthesis of Oxo-Alcohols and Phosphorus Pentasulphide takes place to form a Di- Alkyl Dithiophosphate Acid with release of Hydrogen Sulphide gas. In this step, the oxo- alcohols are charged into the reactor, stirred and heated. Phosphorus Pentasulphide is added to this mass with continuous stirring which results in the evolving of gases which are to be absorbed in the 2 stage caustic scrubber.

Step 2: Neutralization Step: The neutralization of the acid is carried out with Caustic. Once neutralization is complete, the product mass is dried. Filter aid is added and the batch is filtered to obtain the product of desired quality. The residue is then removed from the filter in the form of solid cakes. The product is then stored, packed and dispatched as required. Material balance – Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate Input /Day S. Input/MT of Raw Materials of Product No. Product (MT) (MT) 1 Phosphorus Penta sulphide 0.275 4.125 2 Alcohols 0.470 7.050 3 Caustic 0.140 2.100 4 Base Oil 0.150 2.250 5 Caustic 0.072 1.078 6 Water for Scrubbing 0.150 2.252 Total 1.257 18.855 Output/MT of Product Output/Day S. of Product Remarks No. Material Product / Liquid Air HW Recovery MT / Item Byproduct Effluent Emission 1 ASDP 1 - - - - 15.000 Product NaHS 2 0.250 - - - - 3.750 By Product (30%)

3 H2S - - 0.001 - - 0.013 To Scrubber Filter To 4 - - - - 0.006 0.090 Residue CHWTSDF 1.250 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.006 Total 18.855 1.257

Process Chemistry – Sodium Dithiophosphate

P2S5 + 6 NaOH ------> 2 Na3PO2S2 + H2S + 2 H2O

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Process block diagram – Sodium Dithiophosphate

Process block diagram – Sodium Dithiophosphate

NaOH + Water

P2S5 H2S Scrubber NaOH Reactor Gas

Crude mass NaHS solution

Hz waste Purification Liquid effluent

Product

Plant Process description – Sodium Dithiophosphate Sodium Dithiophosphate is prepared by base hydrolysis of Phosphorus Pentasulphide. Step 1: Synthesis Step: The synthesis of Oxo-Alcohols and Phosphorus Pentasulphide takes place to form a Di- Alkyl Dithiophosphate Acid with release of Hydrogen Sulphide gas. In this step, the oxo- alcohols are charged into the reactor, stirred and heated. Phosphorus Pentasulphide is added to this mass with continuous stirring which results in the evolving of gases which are to be absorbed in the 2 stage caustic scrubber. Step 2: Neutralization Step: The neutralization of the acid is carried out with Caustic. Once neutralization is complete, the product mass is dried. Filter aid is added and the batch is filtered to obtain the product of desired quality. The residue is then removed from the filter in the form of solid cakes. The product is then stored, packed and dispatched as required.

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Material balance – Sodium Dithiophosphate Sodium Dithio Phosphate Input/MT of Input /Day of S. No. Raw Materials Product (MT) Product (MT) 1 P2S5 0.566 11.32 2 NaOH 0.742 14.84 3 H2O 0.9 18 Total 2.208 44.16 Output/MT of Product Output/ Day of S. No. Remarks Product / Product (MT) Material / Item Liquid Effluent HW Byproduct 1 Na3PO2S2 1 - - 20 Product 2 Dil NaHS 1.086 - - 21.72 By Product 3 H2O - 0.092 1.84 To ETP 4 HW - 0.03 0.6 To CHWTSDF 2.086 0.092 0.03 Total 44.160 2.208 Organic Acetates It is proposed to establish combined plant capacity of 5,000 TPA of Organic acetate products, 2-Methyl Adrohol Acetate, Trimethyl Cyclohexyl Acetate, Styrallyl Acetate and Phenethyl Acetate. Different acetates are produced based on alcohol selected.

These products will be manufactured on campaign basis.

Process Chemistry – Organic acetate

Process block diagram – Organic acetate

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Plant Process description – Organic acetate Manufacturing Process The manufacturing of Organic Acetates consists of the following main steps: 1. Reaction 2. Washing 3. Purification In the 1st Step, an Alcohol is used as the main raw material to react with Acetic Acid & Acetic Anhydride to for crude organic Acetate. The reaction is carried out in presence of excess Acetic Acid with a catalyst and solvent. After a specific time frame and obtaining a predetermined conversion, Acetic Anhydride is introduced into the reactor to drive the reaction towards completion. The crude mass thus formed is then washed with water to remove the impurities and excess acetic acid. The washed mass is then processed and the acetic acid is recycled back to the reaction. The washed crude is then distilled to obtain the pure product of Organic Acetate.The organic Acetate thus obtained is then packed and ready for dispatch.

Material balance – Organic acetate

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Hydrogenated Products It is proposed to establish combined plant capacity of 5,000 TPA of Hydrogenated products such as Hexylene Glycol, O-Methyl Cyclohexanol, O-Methyl Cyclohexanone, Styrallyl Alcohol, 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol and 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanone etc. Different hydrogenated compounds will be produced based on alcohol selected.

These products will be manufactured on campaign basis.

Process Chemistry – Hydrogenated compounds

Process block diagram – Hydrogenated compounds

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Plant Process description – Hydrogenated compounds It is proposed to set up a multipurpose Hydrogenation Facility for the production of Specialty/ Fine Chemicals with applications as Specialty Solvents, Rubber Chemical Intermediate, Lubricant Intermediate, Flavors and Fragrances, Polymers etc. The multipurpose facility would be able to produce the products on a campaign basis.

Initially the raw material is pumped from the feed tank into the reactor which operates at a preset temperature and pressure. The catalyst is fed into the reactor before the batch is initiated. The hydrogen gas in then introduced into the reactor where the hydrogenation reaction takes place. The contents of the reactor are thoroughly mixed. After the reaction is completed, the reaction mass is emptied into a storage tank and a new batch is charged into the loop reactor.

The reaction mass from the tank is then passed through a filter system where the catalyst entrained in the product is recycled. For some of the products a purification system based on distillation and special filtration is used. The product is then pumped into a tank from where the purified product can be packed and shipped.

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Material balance – Hydrogenated compounds

Raw material consumption and mode of transport

The raw materials comprise of chemicals as liquids, solids as well as compressed gases, its estimated consumption is given below.

Mode of transport - The raw materials required for the proposed production will be either imported via JNPT port or procured from domestic market and transported conveniently by trucks, trailers and tankers by road. Table 2.3 List of Major raw materials required, source S.N Consumption Physical Raw Material Means of Storage Source . (MTPA) State For Organic Products 1 Phosphorous 9000 S Silos / Tote Bins In house pentasulphide 2 Ethanol 8000# L Tanks Local 3 Methanol 8000# L Tanks Local 4 Octanol 4000* L Tanks Local 5 Isobutanol 4000* L Tanks Local 6 Isopropanol 4000* L Tanks Local 7 N-butanol 4000* L Tanks Local 8 Pentanol 4000* L Tanks Local 9 Caustic Soda 5000 S/L Bags/Tanks Local 10 Base Oil 600 L Tanks Local 11 Zinc Oxide 800 S Bags Local

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S.N Consumption Physical Raw Material Means of Storage Source . (MTPA) State 12 Chlorine Gas 7500 G Tonners Local 13 Ammonia Gas 100 G Cylinders Local 14 Nitrogen Gas 1000 G Tanks/ Cylinders Local 15 Hydrogen Gas 225 G Cylinders Local 16 Filter Aid 50 S Bags Local 17 Acetic Acid 4000 L Tanks Local 18 Acetic Anhydride 1000 L Tanks Local 19 O-Cresol 5000 L Tanks Local 20 Styrene Oxide 5000 L Tanks Local 21 Isophorone 5000 L Tanks Local/Imp orts 22 Cyclohexane 1000 L Tanks Local For Inorganic products 1 Phosphorus 8200 S Drums/tanks Imported 2 Sulphur 10000 S Tanks/bags Local 3 Chlorine 9000 L Cylinder Local 4 Phosphorus pentoxide 2000 S Bags Imported/ local

NOTE: *RM requirement can be on the basis of the grade of Dithiophosphates manufactured, the figure indicates maximum quantity per annum

#RM required can be on the basis of the category of the product (DETC/DMTC/DMPAT) Manufactured.

Pollution generation aspects of manufacturing

• Gaseous emission from fuel burning, consist of common pollutants like SO2, NOx, and PM would be discharged into atmosphere through Stack of suitable height and appropriate air pollution control devices. • Odour Control System: All the vents of the batch tanks and solvents will be connected to scrubber to absorb any pollutant / odour producing gases and chemicals. Green belt around the plant boundary will absorb the odour to some extent. • Process emission such as chlorine shall be handled in close system. It will be scrubbed with water. • DG set shall be used only in case of power outage its stack height shall be provided as per statutory norm. • The operation of centrifuging/ filter will be done in closed equipment to avoid any vapors coming out in the local atmosphere. The vents of centrifuges / filters will be connected to scrubbers. • Waste water treatment plant shall generate ETP sludge which will be sent to CHWTSDF facility.

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• Effluent is generated during the process shall be treated at ETP which will be suitably designed. The treated effluent shall be used within the facility as cooling tower make up/gardening purpose. • Volatile organic solvents are carefully handled in a closed system, thereby preventing any discharge of these chemicals into the air.

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Occupational Hazards & Safety Precautions to be taken: Table 2.4 Occupational health and safety precautions to be taken (for major chemicals) No Chemical State color Odor Sp Gr Melting Boilin Flash Explosive TLV Water NFPA Hazard (CAS No) at 20 point g point, limit ppm solubilit code deg C Deg C point, Deg C % % y H F R Deg C LE UEL L 1 Methanol Liquid Colorless Alcohol like. 0.7915 -97.8 64.5 12 6 36.5 250 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (67-56-1) Pungent when crude 2 Ethanol Liquid Colorless Mild to strong, 0.789 -114.1 78.5 12.8 3.3 19 1000 Soluble 2 3 0 T & F (64-17-5) rather pleasant; like wine or whiskey. Alcohol-like; Ethereal, vinous 3 Octanol Liquid Colorless Not available 0.827 -16.5 194.5 81.1 1.1 7.4 Not Soluble 1 2 0 T & F (111-87-5) availab le 4 Isobutanol Liquid Colorless Sweetish and 0.806 -108 108 28 1.2 10.9 50 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (78-83-1) musty. Slightly suffocating 5 Isopropanol Liquid Colorless Pleasant 0.785 -88.5 82.5 11.7 2 12.7 400 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (67-63-0) 6 N Butanol Liquid Colorless Vinous. 0.81 -89.5 117.7 28.9 1.4 11.2 152 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (71-36-3) (Slight.) mg/m3 7 Caustic lye Liquid Colorless Alkaline. 1.53 12 140 NA NA NA NA Soluble 3 0 1 Toxic and (1310-73-2) Bitter. corrosive (Strong.) 9 Ammonia Liquid colorless Pungent 0.59 -77.7 -33 NA 15 28 17 Soluble 3 1 0 F & T, E (7664-41-7) mg/m3

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No Chemical State color Odor Sp Gr Melting Boilin Flash Explosive TLV Water NFPA Hazard (CAS No) at 20 point g point, limit ppm solubilit code deg C Deg C point, Deg C % % y H F R Deg C LE UEL L 10 Nitrogen Gas Gas colorless Odorless 0.97 NA -195.8 NA NA NA NA Not 0 0 0 Asphyxiant (7727-37-9) soluble 11 Hydrogen Gas colorless Odorless 0.07 -259 -253 NA 4 76 NA Not 0 4 0 F (1333-74-0) soluble 12 Acetic Acid Liquid colorless Pungent, sour 1.1 16.6 118.1 39 4 19.9 15 Soluble 3 2 0 Corrosive (64-19-7) and toxic 13 Acetic Liquid colorless Strong 1.1 -73.1 139.9 49 2.7 10.3 5 Soluble 3 2 1 Corrosive Anhydride and toxic (108-24-7) 14 O-Cresol Solid White Phenolic-like 1.05 30 191.5 81 1.4 NA 5 Partial 3 2 0 Toxic and (95-48-7) crystals odor. Sweet, Flammable tarry odor 15 Styrene Liquid colorless Pleasant, 1.05 -35.6 194.1 74 NA NA NA Partial 2 2 0 Toxic and Oxide sweetish Flammable (96-09-3) 16 Isophorone Liquid Pale peppermint 0.92 -8.0 213 84 NA NA 5 Partial 2 2 0 Toxic and (78-59-1) yellow odor- camphor Flammable 17 Cyclohexane Liquid colorless Chloroform- 0.778 6.5 80.7 -18 1.3 8.4 300 Insoluble 1 3 0 Toxic and (110-82-7) like odor; in cold Flammable solvent odor; water mild sweet odor 18 Diethyl Liquid Clear Characteristic 1.18 NA 67 82 NA NA NA Soluble 3 2 0 Toxic and Thiophosph liquid in many Flammable oric Acid org (DETA) solvents 19 Diethyl Liquid Clear No data 1.2 NA 45 113 NA NA NA No data - - - Toxic Thiophosph liquid available available oryl Chloride

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No Chemical State color Odor Sp Gr Melting Boilin Flash Explosive TLV Water NFPA Hazard (CAS No) at 20 point g point, limit ppm solubilit code deg C Deg C point, Deg C % % y H F R Deg C LE UEL L (DETC.)

20 Dimethyl Liquid Colorless An offensive 1.34 NA 67 105 NA NA NA Decompo 3 2 2 Toxic, Thiophosph to light smell, ses in flammable oryl amber stinking odour. water. and Chloride liquid. Soluble reactive (DMTC) in alcohol, benzene, acetone, carbon tetrachlo ride, chlorofor m, ethyl acetate; slightly sol in hexane. 21 Dimethyl Liquid Yellowish Not available 0.925 44.5 - 60 NA NA NA Soluble - - - Toxic Phosphoram transpara in water idothioate nt (DMPAT) 22 Zinc Liquid Colorless Mild 1.135 < 10 > 120 93 NA NA NA Insoluble - - - Toxic Diorgano to pale petroleum Dithiophosp brown odor hate (ZDDP) 23 Alkyl Liquid Amber to Slightly 1.12 NA 100 >93.4 NA NA NA Fully 3 1 0 Toxic, Sodium dark Sulphur odor soluble flammable Dithiophosp brown hate

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No Chemical State color Odor Sp Gr Melting Boilin Flash Explosive TLV Water NFPA Hazard (CAS No) at 20 point g point, limit ppm solubilit code deg C Deg C point, Deg C % % y H F R Deg C LE UEL L 24 Sodium Liquid Amber to Slightly 1.07 NA NA >93 NA NA NA Slightly 3 1 0 Toxic, Dithiophosp dark Sulphur odor soluble flammable hate brown 25 Phosphorou Fuming - Pungent, 1.574 -112 76 NA NA NA 0.5 Partial 4 0 2 Toxic, s Trichloride liquid irritant Reactive (7719-12-2) 26 Phosphorou Crystalli White Unpleasant, 2.11 148 159 NA NA NA 0.1 Decompo 3 0 2 Toxic and s ne Pungent. ses in reactive Pentachlorid Solid cold e water (10026-13- 8) 27 Phosphoryl Liquid Clear Pungent 1.574 -112 74-78 NA NA NA NA NA - - - Toxic Trichloride 28 Thiophosph Liquid Colorless NA 1.668 -35 125 NA NA NA NA NA - - - Toxic oryl Chloride 29 2-Methyl Liquid Colorless Strong sweet 0.942 -70 188 74 1.7 18.5 50 Soluble 1 2 0 Toxic, Adrohol ppm Flammable Acetate 30 Styrallyl Viscous Clear Odorless 1.02 NA 95 NA NA NA NA NA 1 1 0 Toxic and Acetate liquid flammable (93-92-5) 31 Trimethyl Liquid Clear No data 0.91 -60 211 85 NA NA NA NA N N N Toxic Cyclohexyl available A A A Acetate (67859-96- 5) 32 Phenethyl Liquid Clear No data 1.032 NA 238 105 NA NA NA NA N N N Toxic Acetate available A A A

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No Chemical State color Odor Sp Gr Melting Boilin Flash Explosive TLV Water NFPA Hazard (CAS No) at 20 point g point, limit ppm solubilit code deg C Deg C point, Deg C % % y H F R Deg C LE UEL L 33 O-Methyl Liquid Clear Oldorless 0.936 6 - 8 NA NA NA NA NA Slightly 2 2 0 Toxic and Cyclohexano soluble flammable l 34 O-Methyl Liquid Clear Not available 0.77 -126 101 0.4 1.2 6.7 500 Insoluble 2 3 0 Toxic and Cyclohexano in cold flammable ne(108-87- water 2) 35 Styrallyl Liquid Pale Alcoholic 1.01 21.5 200 85 NA NA NA Soluble 2 2 0 Toxic and Alcohol yellow flammable (98-85-1) 36 3,3,5 Liquid NA NA 0.878 30 - 32 198 88 NA NA NA NA - - - Toxic Trimethyl Cyclohexano l 37 Sodium Liquid Yellow, H2S like, 1.15 NA 100 NA NA NA NA Soluble 3 2 1 Corrosive, Hydrogen green, to rotten eggs toxic Sulphide brown (NaHS) liquid (16721-80- 05) 38 Hydrochlori Liquid Colorless Pungent, 1.16 -46.2 83 NA NA NA 5 Soluble 3 0 1 Corrosive, c Acid (HCl) to light irritating Toxic (Mixture) yellow 39 Ammonium Liquid Colorless Ammonia like, 0.90 -69.2 NA NA NA NA 25 Soluble 2 0 0 Toxic Hydroxide strong (NH4OH) (1336-21-6)

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Note: For handling all above bulk chemicals, solvents & products suitable hand gloves, Full suit, Splash goggles, Dust respirators, safety shoes shall be used.

Proposed Onsite Bulk Storage Proposed bulk storages at site shall be as follow for finished goods and raw materials. Finished product storage details, Table 2.5 Finished product storage details(proposed) No Particular Physical Proposed Stored in state storage capacity (KL) 1 Diethyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DETA) Liquid 100 2 Diethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride Liquid 300 (DETC.) 3 Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride Liquid 100 (DMTC) 4 Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate Liquid 50 (DMPAT) 5 Zinc Diorgano Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) Liquid 200 6 Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate Liquid 50 7 Sodium Dithiophosphate Liquid 50 8 Phosphorous Trichloride Liquid 200 9 Phosphorous Pentachloride Liquid 200 10 Phosphoryl Trichloride Liquid 100 11 Thiophosphoryl Chloride Liquid 100 Tanks/ Drums 12 2-Methyl Adrohol Acetate Liquid 200 13 Styrallyl Acetate Liquid 200 14 Trimethyl Cyclohexyl Acetate Liquid 200 15 Phenethyl Acetate Liquid 200 16 O-Methyl Cyclohexanol Liquid 100 17 O-Methyl Cyclohexanone Liquid 100 18 Styrallyl Alcohol Liquid 100 19 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol Liquid 100 20 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol Liquid 100 21 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphide (NaHS) Liquid 300 22 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Liquid 500 23 Wettable Sulphur Solid 50 24 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) Liquid 10

Raw material storage details, Table 2.6 Raw material storage details (proposed) No Particular Physical Proposed Stored in state storage capacity(MT/KL) 1 Phosphorous Penta sulphide Solid 1000 Silo/Tote bins

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2 Ethanol Liquid 500 Tanks 3 Methanol Liquid 500 Tanks 4 Octanol Liquid 200 Tanks 5 Isobutanol Liquid 200 Tanks 6 Isopropanol Liquid 200 Tanks 7 N-butanol Liquid 200 Tanks 8 Pentanol Liquid 200 Tanks 9 Caustic Soda Solid/Liquid 100 Bags/Tanks 10 Base Oil Liquid 20 Tanks 11 Zinc Oxide Solid 20 Bags 12 Chlorine Gas Gas 50 Tonners 13 Ammonia Gas Gas NM3 Cylinders 14 Nitrogen Gas Gas NM3 Tanks/Cylinders 15 Hydrogen Gas Gas 500 NM3 Cylinders 16 Filter Aid Solid 5 Bags 17 Acetic Acid Liquid 250 Tanks 18 Acetic Anhydride Liquid 50 Tanks 19 O-Cresol Liquid 100 Tanks 20 Styrene Oxide Liquid 100 Tanks 21 Isophorone Liquid 100 Tanks 22 Cyclohexane Liquid 100 Tanks

List of major equipment’s/system proposed

As a part of establishment following major equipment’s / systems are proposed to be installed at site. (Tentative list)

S. No. Equipment Description MOC Capacity Nos 1 Agitated Reactor MS-GLR 10 KL 1 2 Agitated Reactor MS-GLR 3 KL 5 3 Agitated Reactor MS-GLR 6.5KL 5 4 Agitated Reactor SS 2 KL 5 5 Agitated Reactor SS 5 KL 5 6 Scrubber PP FRP 2 KL 3 7 Scrubber SS 5 KL 2 8 Columns MS-GLR Variable 2 9 Columns SS Variable 10 10 Storage Tanks MS/SS Variable 30 11 Condensers Graphite 30 m2 (avg.) 15 12 Condensers MS/SS 20 m2 (avg.) 15 13 Pumps SS/PP Variable 50 14 Box Filter SS - 2 15 Filter Press PP 10 m2 1 16 Vacuum Systems SS Full Vacuum 6 17 Screw Conveyors MS/SS Variable Variable 18 Flakers SS 5 m2 4 19 Chlorine Systems SS Set 1

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S. No. Equipment Description MOC Capacity Nos 20 Boilers - as above 2 21 Cooling Towers FRP/Wood 400 TR 5 22 Chilling Units - 100 TR 2 23 Chilling Units - 250 TR 1 24 Transformers - 2500 KVA 1

Utilities

Energy Requirements Electricity Power requirement for the proposed facility shall be around 2400 KVA which will be sourced from MSEDCL grid. For Inorganic manufacturing facility, 1 no. of 400 KVA DG set is proposed. For proposed organic manufacturing facility, additional 1 No of DG set of 400 KVA capacity will be installed for emergency back up. Table 2.7 Diesel requirement for Emergency DG set Sr No Capacity Fuel type Fuel requirement Source 1 400 KVA Diesel (HSD) 2400 Lit/day Local 2 400 KVA Diesel (HSD) 2400 Lit/day Local Fuel Requirements The steam requirement for the proposed establishment shall be met from the steam generating boiler. It is proposed to install 1 No of boiler of 10 TPH steam capacity (for organic products).

There will be one boiler of similar capacity for inorganic products at site.

Coal / Furnace oil is proposed to be used as fuel for the boiler based on availability/economics.

The fuel requirement shall be as follows: Table 2.8 Fuel requirement for Boiler Sr Capacity Fuel requirement Source No 10 TPH Boiler (for Coal: 60 TPD or Imported / 1 Organic products) Furnace oil: 18 KLD Local 10 TPH Boiler (For in Coal: 60 TPD or Imported / 2 organic products) Furnace oil: 18 KLD Local

Stacks of requisite heights and air pollution control devices for above shall be provided as per statutory norms.

Air emission: Sources, Quantities, concentrations, control mechanism

Stack Stack attached to Stack Permissible Control measure

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no height limit (m) 1 Boiler (10 TPH) (for Organic 47 PM– 150 Mechanical dust products) mg/nm3 collector, Bag filter 2 Boiler (10 TPH) (for Inorganic 47 PM– 150 Mechanical dust products) mg/nm3 collector, Bag filter 3 DG set (400 KVA) (for Organic 3.6 m PM– 150 Acoustic products) above mg/nm3 enclosure/ stack roof height 4 DG set (400 KVA) (for Inorganic 3.6 m PM– 150 Acoustic products) above mg/nm3 enclosure/ stack roof height 5 Process (ZDDP Plant) 12 H2S- 50 ppm Alkaline scrubber 6 Process (PPS Plant) 12 H2S- 50 ppm Alkaline scrubber 7 Process (DETA/ DETC/ DMTC/ 12 H2S- 50 Alkaline scrubbers DMPAT Plant) ppm, HCl- 35 mg/Nm3, SO- 250 mg/Nm3

Fugitive emissions Fugitive emissions can be defined as the emissions due to:

o the evaporation of raw material and solvents, etc., o Spills, leaks, storage tanks, drums, improper handling and transfer of chemicals, etc. o Poor housekeeping, o Lack of proper maintenance leads to the huge amount of fugitive emissions of reactants/products/solvents.

These emissions are generally from solvents with other associated matters. These fugitive emissions usually spread in the process plant posing a threat to the workmen and sometimes leading to formation of clouds and explosions due to increased concentration of pollutants. Thus, proper collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal become highly necessary. Table 2.9 Sources of Fugitive Chemical vapors Area Activity Continuous / Type of fugitive Pollutant type Intermittent emission added to ambient air Production. Production , Continuous Chemical / dust Hazardous air Tank farm area storage, pollutants/ handling chemicals with low vapor pressures and pressurized gases

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Solid product Powder Continuous Fine chemical PM10 and PM2.5 bagging area filling dust

Table 2.10 Probable fugitive emiision source/proposed control measure Probable Source Proposed control measure Vessels and tanks Vents/ Vapor recovery systems shall be provided at required locations. Chemical vapor from wet cake in Covered transfer systems shall be adopted, filtration and drying area workers shall be provided PPE, fume extraction systems shall be provided, wherever required Emissions from Bulk Storage Breather valves, PSVs, Rupture discs Vapor Tanks during storage, loading and recovery system will be installed for unloading process/storage tank vents Valves, Flanges, plugs and Welded pipes to be used wherever feasible instrument connections Suitable gasket material to be used Suitable gland packing to be used in valves Periodic inspection and maintenance of pipes and pipe fittings Chemical vapor from wet cake in Covered transfer systems shall be adopted, filtration and drying area workers shall be provided PPE, fume extraction systems shall be provided, wherever required

Water requirement & wastewater generation Water requirement & wastewater generation- Inorganic manufacturing facility The water requirement for Inorganic facility is 178 cmd (Fresh- 155 cmd & Recycle- 23 cmd) for domestic, process, cooling tower, and boiler and for green belt maintenance purpose for plant facility. Water will be sourced from MIDC. The source is dependable and reliable. Computation of water requirement is summarized below Table 2.11 Water requirement for Inorganic manufacturing facility No Description For Inorganic products (cmd) (*) 1 Domestic 5 2 Industrial 2.1 Industrial cooling / boiler feed 143 2.2 Industrial processing 5 3 Gardening 25 Total 178 (*) Consent no. Format 1.0/BO/AS(T)/UAN No. 0000022318/E/GEN-1706001260 dated 30.06.2017 valid upto 31.05.2022.

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Table 2.12 Waste water generation and disposal for Inorganic manufacturing facility No Description From In organic Disposal products (cmd) (*) 1 Domestic effluent 3 Treatment and recycle 2 Trade effluent 23 within facility Total 26 (*) Consent no. Format 1.0/BO/AS(T)/UAN No. 0000022318/E/GEN-1706001260 dated 30.06.2017 valid upto 31.05.2022.

Figure 2.2 Water balance for Inorganic manufacturing facility Water requirement & wastewater generation- Organic manufacturing facility The water requirement for Organic facility is 328 cmd (Fresh- 200 cmd & Recycle- 128 cmd) for domestic, process, cooling tower, and boiler and for green belt maintenance purpose for plant facility. Water will be sourced from MIDC. The source is dependable and reliable. Prasol have applied for water assurance from MIDC for additional water requirement. Copy of letter submitted to MIDC is attached (Annexure 2.2). Computation of water requirement is summarized below

Table 2.13 Water requirement for Organic manufacturing facility No Description For Organic products (cmd)

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1 Domestic 10 2 Industrial 2.1 Industrial cooling / boiler feed 193 2.2 Industrial processing 75 3 Gardening 50 Total 328 Table 2.14 Waste water generation and disposal for Organic manufacturing facility No Description From Organic Disposal products (cmd) 1 Domestic effluent 5 Treatment and partially 2 Trade effluent 140 recycle. Balance of 50 cmd Total 145 discharge to CETP

Figure 2.3 Water balance for Organic manufacturing facility Water requirement & wastewater generation- Post establishment project facility The Total water requirement is about 506 cmd (For organic & Inorganic product’s facility) out of which fresh water consumption is 355 cmd & treated recycle is 151 cmd for domestic, process, cooling tower, and boiler and for green belt maintenance purpose for plant facility.

Water will be sourced from MIDC. The source is dependable and reliable. Computation of water requirement is summarized below

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Table 2.15 Total Water requirement for Post establishment project facility No Description For In organic For Organic Total (cmd) products (cmd) products (cmd) (*) 1 Domestic 5 10 15 2 Industrial 2.1 Industrial cooling / 143 193 336 boiler feed 2.2 Industrial processing 5 75 80 3 Gardening 25 50 75 Total 178 328 506 (*) Consent no. Format 1.0/BO/AS(T)/UAN No. 0000022318/E/GEN-1706001260 dated 30.06.2017 valid upto 31.05.2022. MOEF & CC vide letter dated 10th July 2017, has mentioned that ZLD plan is to be prepared and submitted. (Refer Annexure 1.1 for the letter).

Though Prasol wish to have ZLD Plan, while accessing its practicability and feasibility, It is noticed that ZLD condition may not be practical and feasible under following situations, 1) Plant startup / stabilization phase 2) Plant upset condition 3) Emergency plant conditions Prasol will make all arrangements to store and treat the generated effluent, Prasol may discharge about 50 cmd treated effluent as per CPCB/ SPCB norms to Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) under above conditions. In this connection Prasol approached CETP authority who agreed to accept treated effluent under certain conditions (refer Annexure 2.3), which are agreed by Prasol. Total water balance and it’s working is based on ZLD system but we may discharge 50 cmd to CETP as mentioned above. Table 2.16 Waste water generation and disposal for Post establishment project facility No Description From In organic From Organic Total Disposal products (cmd) products (cmd) (cmd) (*) 1 Domestic 3 5 8 Treatment and effluent partially recycle. 2 Trade 23 140 163 Balance of 50 cmd effluent discharge to CETP Total 26 145 171

Overall proposed water balance is depicted below,

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Figure 2.4 Total Water balance for Post establishment project facility

Manpower requirement

During construction phase, around 100 – 150 laborers will be hired.

During operation phase, around 100 employees/contract workmen will be hired based on their skills. They may be hired locally. First preference shall be given to skilled, semi- skilled work force of local community,

Expected manpower requirement for the site shall be as follows Table 2.17 Expected manpower details Description Proposed, No (approx.) Permanent 60 Contract 40 Total 100

Environmental Aspects

Effluent Generation, Treatment and Disposal Effluent generation sources will be from

o Domestic effluent o Process effluent

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o DM Plant and Boiler o Cooling tower blow down

High TDS/ COD and low TDS/COD effluent shall be segregated at source.

High TDS/COD effluent will be chemically oxidized followed by evaporation. Separated salts will be disposed to CHWTSDF.

Evaporated condensate and low TDS/ COD effluent shall be treated in conventional aeration system followed by clarification. Clarified treated effluent shall be passed through Pressure sand filter (PSF) and Activated carbon filter (ACF). It will be subsequently treated in RO unit so as to recover condensate for reuse.

Details of the treatment along with expected analysis parameters are described in Chapter 4.

Non Hazardous / Hazardous Waste Management Details of the waste anticipated for the proposed establishment have been presented at Table below. The wastes have been categorized Nonhazardous waste and hazardous waste as per the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules 2016. Table 2.18 Proposed Non hazardous waste generation and disposal Sr Type of Waste For inorganic For Total UOM Mode of No products (*) Organic Disposal products 1 Iron, Glass, 6 - 6 TPA Sale to Plastic scrap, authorized glass wool etc. party 2 Coal Ash 1 11 12 TPD Sale to brick manufacturer/ Landfill 3 Ion Exchange - 1.5 1.5 TPA Landfill Resins (DM (CHWTSDF) Plant / Other Plant) 4 Sand from - 10 10 TPA Landfill Water Filtration (CHWTSDF) 5 Used Cotton - 5000 5000 Pairs/ Landfill Hand gloves Year (CHWTSDF) 6 Miscellaneous - 0.75 0.75 TPA Sale to (Rubber & Authorized Teflon Parties / Landfill Gasket/Packing/ Transmission Belt /V-Belts / Packing, PP /FRP/ material, suction

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air filter of compressor/ packing (*) Consent to Establish dated 30th June 2017. Table 2.19 Proposed hazardous waste generation and disposal Sr Type of Categor For For Total UOM Mode of N Waste y inorganic Organic Disposal o products product (*) s Schedule I 1 Distillation 36.1 - 1000 1000 TPA Disposal to Residue MWML / Sale to Authorized party 2 Residue 29.2 - 85 85 TPA Disposal to from ZDDP MWML / Sale manufactur to Authorized e party 3 Chemical 35.3 30 200 230 TPA Disposal to sludge from MWML waste water treatment 4 Used Oil 5.1 2 15 17 KLPA Sale to Authorized party/Recycle r 5 Spent 28.2 - 10 10 TPA Disposal to Catalyst MWML / Sale to Authorized party 6 Used Empty 33.1 6000 5000 11000 Nos/Y Sale to Barrels / ear Authorized Liners party Schedule II 7 Halogen B30 50 - 50 TPA CHWTSDF containing compounds 8 Sulphides C -13 36 - 36 TPA CHWTSDF (*) Consent to Establish dated 30th June 2017.

Housekeeping Prasol has a well-developed procedure for maintaining housekeeping in the various sections of the unit with supervisory control from process and safety departments at their operating site at near Khopoli.

The facility at Khopoli is ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007 management systems certified.

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Project proponent will extend the same management procedure and systems at this proposed establishment at additional MIDC Mahad unit.

Some of the key points which shall be addressed are as below: o The passages, floors and stairways shall be kept in good condition. o Internal roads and major walkways as well as work areas shall be carpeted either by asphalt or paver blocks to minimize dusting as well as provide ease of transportation and movement. o Walkways shall be kept free from obstructions, as well as marked o All equipment and auxiliaries, piping shall be labeled appropriately for easy identification o Piping Color code shall be followed o Wastes shall be collected in separate containers with labels and marking in each department and sent to common waste collection area in the factory for disposal. o Spill Control procedures shall be developed. o Localized extraction and scrubbing facilities for dust and fumes will be installed.

Fire Fighting Facilities With context to operational safety, Prasol will take suitable safety measures with modern & adequate facilities for accident prevention and hazard control.

As can be anticipated from a unit of such a prestigious group, the factory shall be well- planned with respect to all necessary aspects of layout plan, equipment set-up, utilities and production facilities.

o Majority of the production activities shall be automatically operated with PLC / SCADA for plant automation with least risk factors and in checking hazards and potential risks of emergencies and minimizing chances of hazards due to manual error. These aspects provide inbuilt safety to the plant. o All sections of the factory shall be covered with fire hydrant system. Fire extinguishers will be provided at all necessary locations and of suitable type and capacity. o Flammable areas will be are classified as per applicable rules and protected by spark avoidance and flameproof electric fittings. o Project proponent will develop an on-site emergency plan to handle emergencies and accidents and upgrades it periodically. o In spite of available advance technologies for hazard control and safe operating procedures through automation, the unit will regularly carry out HAZOP and risk assessment studies through in house as well as external agencies to further upgrade the level of safety in the plant.

Occupational Health Project proponent is aware about the issues of Occupational Health and Safety of the employees. All the necessary measures shall be planned for Occupational Health of the employees for the proposed establishment. Routine medical examination of each person shall be carried out as a systematic program on a regular basis. Safe Operating Procedures (SOP) for different works/activities shall be in place. Safety details for

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Health, Safety and Environment The company is very much concerned in terms of health, safety and environment protection. The company has a “Health, Safety & Environment Policy” for taking care of the health and safety of its employees.

The following key safety measures are a part of the Health & Safety policy of the company and shall be followed as followed at other operating site (Khopoli) for the proposed establishment here.

o Safety Training shall be provided to the employees/contract workmen. o LDAR System for solvent shall be provided at appropriate places o Safety Sirens with Alarm System in case of emergency will be provided. o Fire Hydrant System will be installed. o Fire Extinguishers will be placed as required. o Mock drills will be periodically conducted and factors like response time will be evaluated. o First Aid Facility and training will be provided. o Personnel protective gears and equipment’s shall be provided to the employees and contract workmen. o Health check-ups will be organized at regular intervals. o Safety/ Health records and MSDS of all chemicals / products will be maintained.

Green Belt development plan Greenbelt development is an efficient mitigation measure for control/ prevention for Air pollution & Noise pollution. Plants play an important role in the absorption of certain pollutants and also act as barrier for noise propagation.

The greenbelt landscape plan provides benefits to improve beautification. It also results in the prevention of land degradation due to construction activities; enhancing the canopy cover as a wind breaker wall and restrict the carry away of the PM outside the premises as well as for noise abatement. After the proposed establishment, regular assessment shall be done to see that greenbelt is growing adequately with all necessary works like thick plantation, rearing, irrigation, fertilization, re-plantation (if required), pest control and other allied factors. Regular records of the greenbelt development as suggested in environmental monitoring plan (in subsequent section) shall be maintained.

The greenbelt development plan shall focus on the following objectives:

▪ Reduce air pollution. ▪ Attenuate noise generated ▪ Reduce the effect of fire and explosion ▪ Improve the general environment and aesthetics of the area ▪ Provide suitable habitat for fauna

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▪ Control soil erosion

Environmental Monitoring & Management

Prasol Chemicals Private Limited will formulate system for monitoring of stacks & ambient air quality and neutralized effluents through third party laboratory recognized by MOEF&CC. Proposed In-house Monitoring Capabilities Proposed facility will establish in-house quality control lab for waste water quality parameter monitoring and other environmental related parameter monitoring. Management System This new unit will adopt good manufacturing practices and other management systems such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & ISO 18001 as per its existing manufacturing units of the company elsewhere (Khopoli unit). It will identify safety, health and environment aspects and impacts as per the standard.

Risk of Technological Failure

Prasol is proposing to establish manufacturing capacity of pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals. Prasol has vast experience in manufacturing and developing various technologies and commercializing then successfully in the industrial operation for various types of specialty chemicals. Hence risk of technological failure is minimal for proposed pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals. No recommendation of Assessment of New and Untested Technology was given during appraisal stage; hence it is not carried out.

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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Every anthropogenic activity has some impact on the environment. More often it is harmful to the environment than individual. Consequently, there is a need to harmonize developmental activities with the environmental concerns. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the tools available with the planners to achieve the above mentioned goal. It is desirable to ensure that the development options under consideration are sustainable. In doing so, environmental consequences must be characterized early in the project cycle and accounted for in the project design.

The baseline data on the pre-installation status of the terrestrial environment covering Land environment, biological environment (flora & fauna) & socio-economic environment in the study area was collected by undertaking Primary surveys through field visits, monitoring and laboratory analysis. Secondary data was collected from relevant agencies, such as Raigad town Planning, Forest Department and Directorate of Census Operations. The baseline data collected and generated, together with the relevant project activities will be considered for predicting the likely impacts of the project on the environment. Subsequently, an appropriate environmental management plan (EMP) will be presented to enable the project proponent to run the project within acceptable level of environmental impact and meet the compliance of the regulatory criteria (MOEF&CC’s Guidelines). An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) will be ultimately made to summarize the post project status of the terrestrial environment, with the project proponent incorporating the suggested EMP measures. For the purpose of assessing the impacts, study area of 10 km radius around project site is identified for the EIA as per MOEF & CC guidelines.

Land Environment

Land Use and Land cover Study of land features like site and surrounds, topography, land use and development pattern, landscape features, soil quality etc. was collected through primary study or reconnaissance survey; and studies through secondary sources like topo sheet, satellite imagery etc. Reconnaissance survey is an important aspect of GIS study that aids in differentiation of various land use classes. Field survey was carried out in order to understand the land use of the study area. A number of land use features were identified and geographical location was marked using GARMIN GPS. Altogether 41 different locations were mapped within 10 km radius around study area.

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Figure 3.1 Map of GPS points in the study area Table 3.1 GPS points showing Geographical coordinates GPS Latitude Longitude Description Point 1 18°07'57.06"N 73°34'28.44"E Agriculture land 2 18°07'49.09"N 73°33'57.68"E Degraded Forest on Left side 3 18°07'26.55"N 73°33'33.67"E Fallow Paddy Fields 4 18°07'24.04"N 73°33'30.63"E Fallow Paddy Fields 5 18°06'38.46"N 73°31'59.86"E Stone quarry towards left side 6 18° 06'05.69"N 73°31'11.90"E Open land Quarry on Left side & River on 7 18° 05'55.58"N 73°30'58.11"E Right side 8 18°06'18.89"N 73°21'04.61"E Scrub Land 9 18° 07'21.33"N 73°31'49.95"E Open Land 10 18° 8'49.62"N 73°31'53.08"E Plantation 11 18° 09'10.90"N 73°032'7.23"E Open Land Open Forest on Left & Scrub on 12 18°09'28.88"N 73°32'20.99"E Right Side 13 18° 09'31.20"N 73°32'24.42"E Forest on Left side 14 18° 09'34.47"N 73°31'12.39"E Moderate Dense Forest 15 18°10'17.97"N 73°29'54.61"E Fallow Land (Rice Plantation) 16 18°11'16.71"N 73°29'19.65"E Fallow land (Rice Plantation) 17 18° 07'37.74"N 73°31'50.16"E Scrub Land

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GPS Latitude Longitude Description Point Quarry on one side & MIDC on 18 18°07'02.75"N 73°31'37.83"E other side Fallow land on one side open land 19 18°05'24.92"N 73°30'36.70"E on other 20 18°05'04.20"N 73°30'45.12"E Fallow Land 21 18° 04'50.74"N 73°30'57.36"E Fallow Land 22 18° 04'01.38"N 73°31'27.63"E Deciduous Forest 23 18° 03'51.24"N 73°31'26.90"E Teak plants & Fallow land 24 18° 03'33.49"N 73°31'19.88"E Deciduous Forest 25 18° 03'08.22"N 73°31'36.80"E Moderate Dense Vegetation 26 18° 02'58.87"N 73°31'51.28"E Fallow Land and Rural Habitation 27 18° 03'19.22"N 73°32'18.80"E Open Land 28 18° 03'37.51"N 73°33'12.64"E Fallow land Rice Plantation 29 18° 04'03.15"N 73°33'55.48"E Fallow Land a& Degraded Forest 30 18° 03'34.67"N 73°34'09.12"E Fallow Land 31 18° 05'38.18"N 73°30'09.24"E Rice Plantation (RHS-Dense Creek) 32 18° 05'32.88"N 73°29'55.44"E Scrub Land 33 18° 05'18.12"N 73°28'23.16"E Paddy and Savitri River 34 18° 04'51.74"N 73°28'02.89"E Quarry 35 18° 04'16.93"N 73°28'09.70"E Agriculture 36 18° 03'41.59"N 73°28'00.88"E Fallow Land 37 18° 03'35.65"N 73°27'59.64"E Fallow Land 38 18° 06'07.24"N 73°29'06.80"E Vinati Organics Ltd in Mahad MIDC. 39 18° 06'20.11"N 73°28'27.22"E M.I. D.C. 40 18° 05'52.81"N 73°27'25.48"E Scrub land & Settlement 41 18° 05'45.68"N 73°27'11.76"E Fallow Land & River

Table 3.2 Environmental sensitivity receptor Receptor Approx. Distance & Direction Kal river 0.14 km to North Kharak river 0.5 km to North Reserve forest 1 km to North- East Solamkond village 1 km to West Amshet village 1.6 km to South- West

Survey of India Open series map indicating 10 km radius around the project site is given below & in Annexure 3.1.

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Figure 3.2 Open series map map of 10 km radius area around Project Site Study area The study area includes a buffer zone of 10 km around the center co-ordinate of 73°32'19.326"E and 18° 7'34.612"N. The area covering 10 km radius falls mainly in the Mahad tehsil and a small portion of Poladpur Tehsil of Raigad district in Maharashtra. It also covers a small area of Bhor tehsil of Pune District towards North-East. Amshet is the nearest settlement (population of 504 as per census of India, 2011 survey) adjacent to the Prasol Chemicals Private Ltd. on East side. Birwadi is the nearest town located towards South West having population of 8,829 whereas Mahad, the nearest city 10.0 km (aerial distance) situated towards West has population of 27,536 as per Census of India, 2011 Survey. Geographical location of Prasol Chemicals Private Ltd. is represented in figure below.

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Figure 3.3 Geographical Location of Prasol Chem., Add. Mahad MIDC Complete study area inclusive of the 10km radius zone around the Prasol Chemicals private Ltd is presented below.

Figure 3.4 Map of Geographical Location of 10km radius study Area

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Table 3.3 Study area details for Prasol Chem., Add. Mahad MIDC Study Area (Sq.km) Geographical location (center co-ordinate for the study area) Latitude Longitude 323.78 18° 7'34.612"N 73°32'19.326"E

Topography and Climate The Project site is located near Birwadi village in Mahad tehsil of Raigad district in Maharashtra State. Prasol Chemicals private Ltd. is approx.12 km far from its tehsil main town of Mahad. Prasol Chemicals private Ltd., Mahad project site is located at 126 km by road (90 km aerial distance) from its district main city of Alibag. It is located 186 km by road from its state main city of Mumbai. Additional MIDC, Mahad where project site is situated is well accessed by road network. The project site is reachable from NH17/66, Mumbai-Goa National Highway and further Maharashtra State Highway MH SH 272/70 Pandharour-Mhapral Road via Birwadi village. Sape Wamne is the nearest railway station located 25 km away and reachable by SH 70 towards West from the Additional MIDC, Mahad. The area is accessible to Pune via the Varanda Ghat located towards East. Padvi (approx. 2 km N), Taliye (approx. 6 km SE), Waki Khurd (apprx. 7.5 km N), Devghar (approx. 9 km NW), Shevte (apprx. 7.5 km N), Kusgaon (apprx. 7 km W), Solamkond (approx. 1 km W), Pimpalwadi (apprx. 9 km SE), Kiye (apprx. 9 km SE), Parmachi (approx. 7 km NE) are some of the Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) villages located within 10 km radius around project site as per the Draft Notification dated 27 Feb 2017. Savitri is the main River within the study area which flows from South towards North and confluence with Kal River; one of the major tributaries of Savitri River within the study area. Kharak Nadi flows from East and enters the study area near Waki Budruk and meets Kal Nadi near Amshet. Gandhari River joins the Savitri River near Mahad city just outside 10 km study area. Savitri River further meets Arabian Sea near Harihareshwar approximately 50 km from Project Site. Bhona Nadi / Bhaovira Nadi originate in the study area covering 10 km radius around Project Site and it meets Kal River near Birwadi. Welvandi nadi is seen traversing the study area at extreme NE side. The study area doesn’t show major dams or reservoirs or lakes except Varandh reservoir located toward North East of project site. The climate of study area is tropical. Being in the tropical region, the climate in the study area covering Mahad tehsils is mostly pleasant and has a very short dry season. Average annual temperature is around 27.20C. May is the warmest month having average temperature of 30.40C whereas January is experiences the lowest average temperature around 24.50C. Lowest temperature recorded is 16.1 0C whereas maximum temperature is recorded at 40.40C within the district. There is only a short dry season and it is not very effective. The average annual rainfall is 3884 mm. The district receives most of its rainfall from the south-west monsoons during the months June to September. Generally highest rainfall is recorded in the month of July (1530 mm) followed by August (997 mm). Source: (http://raigad.nic.in/htmldocs/rainfall.htm)

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Drainage pattern

Figure 3.5 Drainage pattern within study area (10 km radius) The study area covering 10 km radius around project site exhibits mainly third and fourth order drainage pattern as shown in figure above. Overall, the study area displays distinct and sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Sahyadri ranges all around the project site give rise to a number of streams that run parallel through the valleys and flow towards Kal and Savitri River basins. Majority of the streams generated within the study area converge into the Kal River which is one of the major tributaries of Savitri River. Varandh reservoir is visible in the North East side of the project site. Welvandi Nadi is seen at the NE fringe of study area located in Pune district. No streams pass through the Project site. Since the project site is located near Kal River, all streams flow towards Kal River. Additionally, a few first order streams initiate in the vicinity of project site. The streams flow towards South east and merge into Kal River. Bhona Nadi / Bhaovira Nadi originate within 10km radius around project site. All the water bodies and river with sufficient width were put in a polygon layer.

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Contour maps

Figure 3.6 Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site A 5 m interval contour map is prepared for the area covering 10 km radius around the centre of the project site (see figure above). A prominently hilly region can be seen all around the Project Site. A particularly leveled or flat river channel can be observed in the center part of study area. Highest point within the 10 km radius area around the project is 1090 m above mean sea level whereas lowest point is at 5 m. The difference in altitude within the study area clearly indicates presence of hills. Project site is located on Kal River bank hence a comparatively flat terrain is seen around project site.

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Figure 3.7 Contour map of 500 m angular distance around Project Site Detailed map of 1 m interval contour covering 500 m angular distance is shown in figure above. The map shows comparatively more undulations towards North. Highest point of this map is located in the North side of the project site at 60 m above mean sea level and the lowest point in the 500 m angular distance from project site is at 10 m toward South West boundary above mean sea level. The project site show undulating terrain towards Eastern boundary. Overall slope of the project site is towards the west wherein 22 m is the lowest point and 46 m above mean sea level is the highest point located in the East.

Land use classes

The area distributions along with percentage distribution of the different LULC classes within the study area are shown below.

No Class Class Definition It is an area (within the notified forest boundary) bearing an Dense 1. association predominantly of trees and other vegetation types capable Vegetation of producing timber and other forest produce. It is described as a forest, which comprises of thick and dense canopy of Semi-evergreen tall trees, which predominantly remain green throughout the year. It / Moderate 2. includes both coniferous and tropical broad-leaved evergreen trees. Dense Semi-evergreen forest is a mixture of both deciduous and evergreen vegetation trees but the latter predominate

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Degraded It is described as a forest where the vegetative (crown) density is less 3. Vegetation than 30% of the canopy cover. 4. Scrub Land Scrub is a stunted tree or bush/shrub. It is defined as the land primarily used for farming and for production 5. Agriculture of food, fiber, and other commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated), fallow, plantation, etc. It is described as agricultural land which is taken up for cultivation but is temporarily allowed to rest un-cropped for one or more seasons, but 6. Fallow Land not less than one year. These lands are particularly those which are seen devoid of crops at the time when the imagery is taken of both seasons. It is described as an area under agricultural tree crops, planted adopting certain agricultural management techniques. It includes tea, 7 Plantation coffee, rubber, coconut, areca nut, citrus, orchards and other horticultural nurseries. Mine / quarry areas subject to removal of different earth material (both 8. Quarry surface and sub-surface) by manual and mechanized operations. 9. Open land It is described as land area without any tree cover. It is defined as an area of human habitation developed due to non- Residential Area agricultural use and that which has a cover of buildings, transport, 10. (Urban/Rural) communication utilities in association with water vegetation and vacant lands. 11. Industrial Area It is defined as an area of industrial activities. It is described as a dense thicker or woody aquatic vegetation or forest Non forest 12. cover occurring in tidal waters near estuaries and along the confluence wetland of delta in coastal areas. It is a course of flowing water on the land along definite channels. It Water body/ 13. includes from a small stream to a big river and its branches. It may be River perennial or non-perennial. It is a natural or man-made enclosed water body with a regulated flow 14. Reservoir of water. Reservoirs are larger than tanks/lakes and are used for generating electricity, irrigation and for flood control. Source: http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/ax0406.htm

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Figure 3.8 Landuse/landcover map of 10 km radius area around Project Site Table 3.4 Landuse/ Landcover Statistics of the 10 km radius Area No Class_Name Area Distribution (Sq.Km) (%) 1 Open Land 74.57 23.03 2 Moderate Dense Vegetation 73.12 22.58 3 Scrub Land 55.36 17.10 4 Dense Vegetation 54.11 16.71 5 Fallow Land 41.56 12.83 6 Mixed Vegetation 17.11 5.28 7 Water body 3.40 1.05 8 Industrial Area 1.98 0.61 9 Rural Area 1.26 0.39 10 Non Forested Wetland 0.97 0.30 11 Reservoirs/Dam 0.20 0.06 12 Agriculture 0.07 0.02 13 Quarry 0.07 0.02 Total Area 323.78 100.00

Thirteen different land Use Land Cover classes are extracted in the study area covering 10 km around project site. Overall Land cover of the study area is dominated by vegetation cover. Wherein Moderate dense vegetation (22.58%) dominates the land cover followed by dense vegetation (16.71%) and mixed vegetation covering 5.28% of

Environmental Consultant Aditya Environmental Services Page 74 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 3 – Description of the Environment the total study area. Open land (23.03%) is the single largest land cover in the land use pattern of the 10 km radius around project site. It is followed by scrub land (17.10%) indicating dry conditions. Fallow land contributes to 12.83% of the land use and agriculture land is merely 0.02% which indicates single crop pattern in the area that is dependent on Monsoon. Rice is the major single Kharif crop taken in the study area. The field visit was conducted during month of May; during discussion with local farmers it was established that rice plantation is the dominant crop taken in the study area. Since the satellite image is taken in May, the agricultural land is classified as fallow land. The agriculture is dependent on monsoon and irrigation facilities are not observed in the study area. A major industrial area (0.61%) is seen around the project site. Urban habitation is missing in the study area and other rural habitation together constitutes 0.39% of the study area. Total vegetation within the study area comprises of approximately 44.57% area and it is one of the dominant land use pattern as mention above. Open stone quarries are also seen in this study area which constitutes 0.02% of the study area. Savitri River basin along with its tributaries namely Kal river, Gandhari River & Kharak River flow through the study area and meet Arabian Sea near Harihareshwar. The Savitri river basin share 1.05% of total landuse of the study area. Patches of Non-forested wetlands are clearly visible along the River throughout study area constitute (0.30%) in the present landuse pattern.

Figure 3.9 Landuse/landcover statistics of 10 km radius area around Project Site

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Figure 3.10 Landuse/landcover map of 500m angular distance around Project Site Table 3.5 LULC Statistics of the 500m angular distance around project site Sr. LULC Classes Area (Sq.Km) Distribution (%) No. 1 Open Land 0.88 66.54 2 Scrub Land 0.22 16.50 3 Waterbody 0.09 6.60 4 Mixed Vegetation 0.04 3.28 5 Non forested wetland 0.04 3.07 6 Fallow Land 0.03 2.03 7 Rural Area 0.03 1.90 8 Industrial Area 0.00 0.07 Total Area 1.32 100.00

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Figure 3.11 LULC statistics of 500 m angular distance around Project Site A land use land cover map covering 500 m angular distance around project site is also prepared and attached as figure. The map shows eight different land use classes. Open land (66.54%) and scrub land (16.50%) dominate the landuse pattern around 500 m angular distance from the project site. Since the project site is located within the Industrial area, Industrial area constitutes 0.07% of Land Use covering 500 m angular distance around project site. Rural area located towards South West of project site constitute (1.90%) of land use. Fallow land is represented by 2.03% of the land use. River constitutes 6.60% whereas non forest wetland corresponds to 3.07% of total land use pattern within 500 m angular distance around the project site. Mixed vegetation located towards East side of project site beyond Kal River constitute 3.28% of land use.

Detailed Study Area

A detailed study area map for the study area is prepared (See figure below) that indicates roads, State and national Highways, major settlements, rivers and Tehsil as well as District boundaries. A major national Highway No 17/66 connecting Mumbai and Goa pass through the study area from West to South. State Highway MH SH 70/272 connecting Pandharpur and Mhapral traverses the study area from East to West. The project site is located near the confluence of Kal and Kharak Nadi near Amshet. It is well connected by State and National Highway. Tehsil boundary between Mahad and Poladpur is also located towards south west of the project site. District boundary between Raigad and Pune District is located towards East side of the study area covering 10 km radius around Project Site. Savitri is one of the major Rivers in Konkan region flows towards west and meets Arabian Sea outside the study area near

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Harihareshwar. Savitri River along with its tributaries like Kal River, Gandhari River, Bhaovira River, Kharak River support the livelihood within the study area. Birwadi, Amshet, Solamkond are the nearby villages around the project site whereas Mahad is the nearest Town located well at the fringe of 10 km radius. Varandh reservoir is located towards East side of the study area. Kangori fort is located within 10 km radius towards south of project site. Shivtharghal is one of the historical places of Maharashtra. It is believed that Samarth Ramdas dictated Dasbodh to Kalyan Swami. Samarth Ramdas lived here for about 22 years. It is believed that this is where the first meeting between Shivaji Maharaj and Samarth Ramdas took place. A number of villages within study area are enlisted as Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) villages in the Draft Notification published by Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change dated 7th March 2017. Padvi (approx. 2 km N), Taliye (approx. 6 km SE), Waki Khurd (Apprx. 7.5 km N), Devghar (approx. 9 km NW), Shevte (Apprx. 7.5 km N), Kusgaon (Apprx. 7 km W), Solamkond (Approx. 1 km W), Pimpalwadi (Apprx. 9 km SE), Kiye (Apprx. 9 km SE), Parmachi (approx. 7 km NE) are some of the Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) villages located within 10km radius around project site. Kangori fort is located at the South East fringe of the study area. In addition to the above mentioned features there are a number of mosques and local temples seen around the study area.

Figure 3.12 Detailed map of 10 km radius study area around Project Site

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Figure 3.13 Site Photographs - Stone Quarry near Project Site along NH 17/66

Figure 3.14 Site Photographs - Small habitation ‘Sonar kond’ towards North of Project Site

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Figure 3.15 Site Photographs - Open Land and MIDC Pipeline near Project Site

Figure 3.16 Site Photographs - Open land along with scrub located within the study area

Soil Quality Monitoring

Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining biodiversity and Productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling, and providing support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality. Representative soil samples were collected from the study area to assess the quality of soil. For studying the soil types and the soil characteristics, different sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil condition representing various land use condition and geological features.

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Methodology of Soil Monitoring

A number of parameters were determined, which are indicative of physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. Sampling and analysis was conducted as per established standard methods and procedures prescribed in IS 2720 and ASTM. Soil samples were collected by ramming a hand auger into the soil upto a depth of 90 cm. At each of the sampling location, soil samples were collected from three different depth viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. The homogenized samples were then packed in a polythene plastic bag and sealed and the sealed samples were sent to the Laboratory for analysis. The project will be located within MIDC additional Mahad, Most of the land is back filled & leveled. The sampling locations were chosen based on their proximity to the project site. The parameters selected give basic information on type of soil, particle size distribution and water retention.

Soil Monitoring Locations

Figure below shows the soil sampling locations in the impact area map.

Figure 3.17 Soil sampling locations in 10 km study area

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Table 3.6 Soil Analysis report

Location

Parameters

MIDC

Padvi Padvi

Bhave Bhave

Village Village Village Village Village Village Village

Amshet Amshet

Birwadi Birwadi

location

Warandh Warandh

Barasgaon Barasgaon Solamkond Solamkond Physical Characteristics Moisture 4.2 3.7 2.2 3.8 3.8 4.5 3.4 4.8 content (%) Particle Clay 10.5 6.0 10.0 5 5.0 3.0 7.5 10.5 size Silt 11.5 14.0 13.0 15.0 10.0 14.0 15.0 20.5 (%) Fine san 78.0 80.0 77.0 77.5 85.0 83.0 77.5 69.0 d Texture Fine Fine Fine Fine Fine Fine Fine sand Fine sand sand sand sand sand sand sand Water holding 3.8 3.0 1.8 6.0 2.8 3.4 2.8 4.2 capacity (%) Chemical Characteristics pH 6.75 6.98 7.24 6.91 6.54 7.56 6.91 7.24 Conductivity 236.3 326.0 376.0 349.1 264.6 347.0 249.1 368.5 (µmhos/cm) Sulphate 228.3 236.4 264.8 216.7 270.1 304.0 206.7 245.7 (kg/Ha) Chloride 181.4 116.1 124.8 202.4 134.5 149.7 142.4 168.1 (kg/Ha) Fertility Status Potassium 127.3 115.5 123.2 119.2 117.0 125.6 119.2 138.6 (kg/Ha) TOC (%) 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.13 TKN (kg/Ha) 23.92 32.80 25.60 21.8 30.9 38.9 25.8 31.4 Phosphate 23.90 20.60 14.70 19.7 17.3 27.8 19.7 15.2 (kg/Ha) Standard soil classification as per Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research is as follows, Table 3.7 Standard Soil Classification No Soil Test Classification 1 pH Less than 4.5 : Extremely acidic 4.51 – 5.50 : Very strongly acidic 5.51 – 6.00 : Moderately acidic 6.51 – 7.30 : Neutral 7.31 – 7.80 : Slightly alkaline

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No Soil Test Classification 7.81 – 8.50 : Moderately alkaline 8.51 – 9.00 : Strongly alkaline 9.01 and above : Very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Up to 1.00 : Average conductivity (µmhos/cm) 1.01 to 2.00 : Harmful to germination (1 ppm = 640 µmhos/cm) 2.01 to 3.00 : Harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon (%) Up to 0.2 : Very less 0.21 to 0.40 : Less 0.41 to 0.50 : Medium 0.51 to 0.80 : On an average sufficient 0.81 to 1.00 : Sufficient > 1.0 : More than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/Ha) Up to 50 : Very less 51 – 100 : Less 101 – 150 : Good 151 – 300 : Better More than 300 : Sufficient 5 Phosphorous (Kg/Ha) Up to 15 : Very less 16 – 30 : Less 31 – 50 : Medium 51 – 65 : On an average sufficient 66 – 80 : Sufficient More than 80 : More than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 – 120 : Very less 121 – 180 : Less 181 - 240 : Medium 241 - 300 : Average 301 – 360 : Better More than 360 : More than sufficient Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Observation and interpretation from results: • Soil in the area is mainly sandy in nature. • Water holding capacity varies from 1.8 % to 3.8 %. • pH of soil varies from 6.54 to 7.56 which is “Neutral” in nature. • Conductivity of soil is observed within range of “Average” i.e. from 236.3 µmhos/cm to 376.0 µmhos/cm. • Potassium content in the soil samples varies from 115.5 kg/Ha to 138.6 kg/Ha which is in range of “Very Less” & “Less” • % TOC is observed in range of 0.10% to 0.15% which is “Very less”.

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• Phosphate content in the soil is varies from 14.7 kg/Ha to 27.8 kg/Ha which is “Less”.

Solid/Hazardous Waste Generation, Treatment and Disposal

The project is proposed establishment and currently there is no Solid/Hazardous Waste generation at the site.

Climate and Meteorology

Wind

The meteorology of the site and nearby areas is affected primarily by the presence of Coast line about 37 km to the west of site and presence of hills in immediate vicinity. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a vital role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants released into atmosphere. The persistence of the predominant wind direction and wind speed class during a particular time period at the project site will decide the direction and extent of the worst impact zone at that time. The prominent wind direction at project site during the study period (Summer 2017) is from North West & North with 51 % calm conditions. Wind rose diagram for project site is presented in Figure below, (which shows predominant wind direction at site during the summer season)

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Figure 3.18 Wind Rose for Summer 2017 season

Temperature profile Temperature – MIDC additional Mahad falls in Raigad district which has warm & humid weather throughout the year. Temperature data is given in Table and its variation is presented in Figure below. Table 3.8 Temperature Variation in Raigad District Mean Daily Max Mean Daily Min Highest Max Months Temp (0C) Temp (0C) Recorded Temp (0C) January 28 17.6 35.5 February 28.3 18.4 37.8 March 29.9 21.1 39.4 April 30.9 24.2 40 May 31.7 26.4 36.7 June 30.8 26.1 34.4 July 29.2 25.4 31.7 August 28.9 25.1 32.8 September 29.2 24.4 32.8

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October 31.3 23.6 37.2 November 31.3 21.1 36.7 December 29.6 18.6 34.4 (Source: Raigad Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra)

Figure 3.19 Temperature Profile of Raigad District

Humidity and Rainfall profile

MIDC Mahad (Raigad) being in region of Konkan the climate is warm and humid. The relative humidity levels in this region are high throughout the year. The relative humidity levels observed are in range of minimum 66% (Dec) to maximum 85% (July, August, September). The area receives rainfall for more than four months of the year, which provides main climatic variations. Out of total rainfall 90% is experienced during Monsoon season of months June to September. The details of monthly precipitation observed in Raigad district are given in Table below and graphically represented below in Figure below.

Figure 3.20 Rainfall profile

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Table 3.9 Monthwise Rainfall Profile of Raigad District Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Rainfall 2.5 0.8 0.5 1.8 18.8 558.5 699.5 394.7 312.2 69.6 20.1 1.8 (mm) (Source: Raigad Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra) The site specific meteorological data collected during AAQM survey; summary of which is presented in Table below. Temperature data for summer season is presented below and shows the following: Temperature in 0C Month Maximum Minimum Average March 43.2 27.3 32.8 April 45.5 21.2 32.0 May 43.7 24.0 32.5

Inference

Climate being hot and humid, temperature inversion formation is less likely to happen. In monsoon season due to heavy rains huge surface water runoff is observed which goes in the river Kal flowing from the West of the plant site. Even though the region experiences heavy rains no flood like situations are observed till today since, surrounding terrain is hilly and undulating and drains towards the Arabian Sea to the West. Wind speeds are also in range of low to moderate (monsoon season) hence storms are seldom phenomena.

Air Environment

Reconnaissance Survey

The prime objective of this AAQ study is to establish the existing regional background levels within study zone of proposed project. Major sources of air pollution were identified as medium and small-scale units spread over surrounding 10 km area (parts of Industrial Area) & traffic on MIDC Road and other roads near site. Other miscellaneous sources were identified as burning of minor fuels and dust from movement of traffic along rural roads. Minor sources are identified as low quality fuels burnt in rural area and dust emanated from unpaved roads, brick kilns and quarrying. MIDC Additional Mahad is a notified industrial upcoming zone and has large/medium and small scale industries.

Methodology for Selection of Monitoring Locations

Ambient air quality status within the study area forms the baseline information over which the predicted impacts due to the proposed activities are to be superimposed the ambient air quality is assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network based on the following considerations: • Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale. • Topography of the study area.

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• Representations of regional background levels. • Representations of plant site. • Representations of predominant and cross sectional distribution in the downward direction. • Influence of the existing sources if any. • Inclusion of population zone and sensitive receptors including reserve forests to collect baseline. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations are set up at 8 locations with due consideration of above mentioned points. Table below and Figure overleaf give details of AAQM stations selected.

Baseline Ambient Air Monitoring Studies

The baseline air quality was established by monitoring PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, nMHC, NH3, Benzene at 8 locations in Summer 2017 (March, April, and May). PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, were monitored on 24 hourly basis & NH3 was monitored on 8 hourly basis using respirable High Volume Sampler and standard methods prescribed by APHA/IS. CO was monitored using hand held electronic meter (electro-chemical sensor). Benzene was done by using PM10 filter paper extraction & detection on Gas chromatography. Table and Figure below give locations of air monitoring stations bearing w.r.t. the sites. Table 3.10 Details of Ambient Air Monitoring Stations Sr. Location UTM coordinates UTM coordinates Distance & No. (X) ,m (Y) ,m Direction w.r.t site 1 MIDC site 345390 2004759 -- 2 Padvi village 346076 2006285 1.6 km to NE 3 Solamkond village 344010 2005041 1.4 km to W 4 Birwadi village 342566 2001974 3.6 km to SW 5 Bhave village 344194 2001447 3.5 km to SW 6 Amshet village 345109 2003219 1.6 km to S 7 Barasgaon village 346675 2003721 1.6 km to SE 8 Warandh village 349181 2005363 3.8 km to E

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Figure 3.21 Photographs of AAQ monitoring

Figure 3.22 Locations of AAQM stations

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The statistical data for each location is given in Table below. Date wise results of AAQ data are presented in Annexure 3.4. Table 3.11 AAQM Results- Summer 2017

Sampling Parameter PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO nMHC NH3 Benzene Location (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (μg/m3) (μg/m3) (mg/m3) (ppm) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Average 65.7 16.8 12.1 14.8 0.19 0.02 BDL BDL Max 71.3 21.2 13.8 16.5 0.30 0.05 BDL BDL MIDC Min 60.4 13.9 10.8 13.3 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL location 98th BDL BDL 70.7 20.8 13.8 16.3 0.30 0.04 Percentile Average 58.9 17.5 12.0 15.0 0.22 0.02 BDL BDL Max 68.7 21.1 13.7 17.8 0.30 0.03 BDL BDL Padvi Min 51.2 13.8 10.9 13.0 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL Village 98th BDL BDL 68.7 21.1 13.4 17.5 0.30 0.03 Percentile Average 61.2 16.9 11.5 15.1 0.21 0.02 BDL BDL Max 71.1 21.1 12.7 17.5 0.30 0.03 BDL BDL Solamkond Min 44.5 13.9 10.4 13.8 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL 98th BDL BDL 71.1 20.9 12.6 17.2 0.30 0.03 Percentile Average 55.5 17.2 11.5 14.9 0.23 0.02 BDL BDL Max 62.9 21.0 12.8 16.4 0.40 0.03 BDL BDL Barasgaon Min 43.4 13.6 10.4 12.9 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL 98th BDL BDL 62.6 20.7 12.8 16.4 0.37 0.03 Percentile Average 52.4 18.4 11.3 15.0 0.23 0.02 BDL BDL Max 66.2 21.2 12.5 16.2 0.50 0.03 BDL BDL Bhave Min 41.7 13.6 10.8 13.2 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL Village 98th BDL BDL 64.7 21.2 12.4 16.2 0.47 0.03 Percentile Average 64.0 19.3 11.5 13.8 0.18 0.02 BDL BDL Max 68.7 23.0 12.1 14.9 0.30 0.03 BDL BDL Birwadi Min 58.3 14.2 10.2 12.6 0.10 0.00 BDL BDL Village 98th BDL BDL 68.3 22.8 12.1 14.7 0.30 0.03 Percentile Average 64.1 17.6 11.0 14.1 0.19 0.02 BDL BDL Max 70.4 22.2 11.9 14.8 0.30 0.03 BDL BDL Amshet Min 56.7 12.9 10.2 13.5 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL 98th BDL BDL 69.4 21.6 11.9 14.7 0.30 0.03 Percentile Average 61.7 18.2 12.2 14.1 0.19 0.02 BDL BDL Max 66.5 21.2 12.9 15.1 0.30 0.03 BDL BDL Warandh Min 57.6 14.6 11.2 13.5 0.10 0.01 BDL BDL 98th BDL BDL 66.4 21.2 12.9 15.1 0.30 0.03 Percentile Table 3.12 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009) Sr. Concentration in ambient air No. Industrial, Ecologically Time Residential, sensitive Pollutant weighted Method of Rural and Area Average measurement other area (Notified by Area Central

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Government

1 Sulphur Annual * 50 20 - Improved West & Gaeke Dioxide (SO2), - Ultraviolet fluorescence µg/m3 24 80 80 Hours** 2 Nitrogen Annual * 40 30 -Modified Jacob & Dioxide (NO2), Hochheiser µg/m3 24 80 80 (Na- Arsenite) Hours** - Chemiluminescence 3 Particulate Annual * 60 60 - Gravimetric Matter (PM10, 24 100 100 - TOEM 3 µg/m ) Hours** - Beta attenuation 4 Particulate Annual * 40 40 - Gravimetric Matter (PM2.5, 24 60 60 - TOEM 3 µg/m ) Hours** - Beta attenuation 24 1.0 1.0 Hours** 5 Carbon 8 hours** 02 02 - Non-Dispersive Infra- monoxide 1 hours* 04 04 Red (NDIR) (CO), (mg/m3) spectroscopy 6 Ammonia Annual * 100 100 - Chemiluminescence (NH3), µg/m3 24 400 400 - Indophenol blue Hours** method 7 Benzene Annual* 05 05 -Gas Chromatography (C6H6), µg/m3 (GC) based continuous analyzer -Adsorption & desorption followed by GC analysis (*) Annual arithmetic mean of 104 readings (**) 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly reading to be complied 98% time Observations from results: Results are compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQ) in respect of monitored parameters as shown in above table.

• Average concentration of PM10 ranged from 52.4 μg/m3 to 65.7 μg/m3. It is noted that the PM10 results are within permissible limit of 100 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs.

• Average concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 16.8 μg/m3 to 19.3 μg/m3. It is noted that the PM2.5 results are within permissible limit of 60 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs.

• Average concentration of SO2 ranged from 11.0 μg/m3 to 12.2 μg/m3. It is noted that the SO2 results are within permissible limit of 80 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs. • Average concentration of NOx ranged from 13.8 μg/m3 to 15.1 μg/m3. It is noted that the NOx results are also within permissible limit of 80 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs.

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• Average concentration of CO ranged from 0.18 mg/m3 to 0.23 mg/m3. It is noted that the CO results are also within permissible limit of 4 mg/m3 for 24 Hrs. • Average concentration of nMHC is 0.02 ppm. It is noted that the nMHC results are found to be low.

• NH3 in the study area found to be BDL. • Benzene in the study area found to be BDL. With Comparison of NAAQ standards, Ambient Air monitoring results are below the specified norms.

Noise Environment

Noise Level Monitoring

Noise levels were monitored at proposed project site and nearby villages / on access routes to judge impact of industrialization and transportation on ambient noise levels. The reports are as below: Table 3.13 Noise Monitoring Results (Summer 2017) Noise Level Leq dB(A) Sr. Location/ Date of survey Night No. Day Time Norms* Norms* Time Land Use: Industrial 1 MIDC location 62.6 75 57.6 70 Land Use: Residential 2 Padvi village 54.3 41.8 3 Solamkond village 51.3 44.3 4 Barasgaon village 55.3 40.8 5 Bhave village 52.4 55 42.5 45 6 Birwadi village 59.0 46.2 7 Amshet village 50.2 46.8 8 Warandh village 53.7 42.7 (*) Standard as prescribed in Schedule II of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Note: Day Time: 06.00 am to 10.00 pm, Night Time: 10.00 pm to 06.00 am Observations from results: Industrial area: From above results it was observed that noise levels in MIDC location is within standards. Residential area: Noise levels were found to be exceeding the standard in Barasgaon & Birwadi village during day time and Amshet & Birwadi village during night time. Exceedance of standards is mainly due to localized disturbances.

Water Environment

Onsite Water Environment The project is establishment at plot owned by the company, hence there is no water consumption currently at the site.

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Reconnaissance survey

The establishment project is to be located in notified chemical zone of additional MIDC Mahad, Dist Raigad. The fresh water for industrial and domestic uses in the industrial area is sourced by MIDC from Savitri River flowing to the South-West of MIDC. Majority of the study area (10 km around site) has an agriculture land use. Agriculture in the area is rain fed. Majority of villages in the study area get fresh water from dug/ bore wells.

Baseline water quality

Selected physico-chemical characteristic along with biological indicators of pollution are used to describe the baseline status of water environment and assessing impacts due to proposed project activities.

Ground Water

Baseline Ground water monitoring (Summer 2017) results and sampling locations are presented in Table 3.15 below,

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Table 3.14 Ground water analysis results Limits as per IS Locations Sr. 10500:2012 Parameter No MIDC Padvi Solamkond Barasgaon Bhave Birwadi Amshet Warandh Desirable Permissible location Village Village Village Village Village Village Village 1. Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 15 2. Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3. pH 7.90 7.69 7.75 7.45 8.20 7.25 7.35 7.29 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 4. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 5. Turbidity, NTU ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 5 6. Conductivity in µS/cm 80.3 52.5 120.4 90.2 108.1 125.7 25.4 43.1 -- -- 7. Total Dissolved solids, mg/L 50 30 90 60 70 90 20 25 500 2000 8. Aluminium (as Al), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.03 0.2

9. NH3 (as N), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 No Relaxation 10. Detergents, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 1.0 11. Barium, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.7 No relaxation 12. Boron (as B), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 1 13. Calcium (as Ca), mg/l 46.4 23.2 68.4 36.8 47.6 66.4 16.8 17.6 75 200 14. Chloramines, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4.0 No relaxation 15. Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l 33.7 8.6 59.8 34.2 40.5 78.7 4.8 6.2 250 1000 16. Copper (as Cu), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 1.5 17. Fluoride (BDL as F), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1 1.5

18. Free Residual Cl2, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 1 19. Iron (as Fe), mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.09 0.1 0.01 0.01 1.0 No relaxation 20. Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l 22.0 12.4 9.1 19.2 19.2 16.8 8.6 8.1 30 100 21. Manganese (as Mn), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.1 0.3 22. Mineral oil, (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 No relaxation

23. Nitrate (as NaNO3), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 45 No relaxation

24. Phenolic compds (as C6H5OH), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 0.002

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Limits as per IS Locations Sr. 10500:2012 Parameter No MIDC Padvi Solamkond Barasgaon Bhave Birwadi Amshet Warandh Desirable Permissible location Village Village Village Village Village Village Village 25. Selenium (as Se), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation 26. Silver, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.1 No relaxation

27. Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l 14.1 15.1 14.8 16.0 20.6 17.0 11.8 9.7 200 400 28. Sulphide , as S2- mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation 29. Alkalinity, mg/l 126 42 48 66 78 54 44 42 200 600 30. Hardness, mg/l 108 110 84 172 174 78 78 65 200 600 31. Zinc (as Zn), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 5 15 32. Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.003 No relaxation 33. Cyanide (as CN), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation 34. Lead (as Pb), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation

35. Mercury (as Hg), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 No relaxation 36. Molybdenum, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.07 No relaxation 37. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 No relaxation

38. Arsenic (as As), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation No relaxation 39. Coliforms Absent Absent Absent Present Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

40. E. coli Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent No relaxation Note: All parameters in mg/L except where specifically indicated (pH has no units) (NS: Not specified)

Observation of Ground water result: It is observed that all parameters of samples meet Drinking water standards except presence of coliform in Barasgaon village. Presence of coliform is mainly due to contamination of sewage/ human interference.

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Surface Water

Surface water samples were collected from 4 different rivers within 10 km study area in November 2017. Total 10 nos. of surface water samples were collected from different rivers as below. The location wise analysis results given in table below, River Location Near Pimpaldari village Near Birwadi village Near Padvi village Kal river Near Gavdi village Near Shendurmalli village Near Mahad MIDC Near Bharao village Savitri river Near Savad village Kharak river Near Gavadi village Bhona River Near Bhave village

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Figure 3.23 Surface water sampling locations

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Table 3.15 Surface water analysis results Parameter Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Savitri Savitri Kharak Bhona Pimpalda Near Near Near Near Near river river river River ri Birwadi Padvi Gavdi Shendur MIDC near near near near malli Bharao Savad Gavadi Bhave pH 7.69 7.28 7.71 7.75 7.18 8.42 7.8 7.7 7.78 7.77 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l, 5.4 5.2 5.3 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.5 BOD @20°C 5days 18 22 22 20 22 12 16 18 18 14 Colour, Hazen units < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 Odour Unobjectionable Taste Agreeable TDS, mg/l 40 50 30 60 140 30 30 20 30 20 Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 48 40 34 38 176 60 40 42 40 50 Ca (as CaCO3), mg/l 32 24 20 24 96 38 26 30 24 34 Mg (as CaCO3), mg/l 16 16 10 14 80 22 14 12 16 16 Copper (as Cu), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Iron (as Fe), mg/l, 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 Manganese (as Mn), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l 10 13 9 24 74 6 14 3 11 10 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l 2.8 2 6.9 1.6 1.5 0.1 1.12 1.5 1.9 2.5

Nitrates (as NO3), mg/1 ND 7 ND ND 17 ND ND ND ND 1 Fluorides (as F,) mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Phenolic comp (as ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND C6H5OH), mg/l Mercury (as Hg), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cadmium (as Cd), mg/ ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Selenium (as Se), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Arsenic (as As), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Cyanides (as CN), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Lead (as Pb), mg/l ND 0.1 0.17 0.05 0.22 0.15 0.22 0.17 0.15 0.07

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Parameter Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Kal river - Savitri Savitri Kharak Bhona Pimpalda Near Near Near Near Near river river river River ri Birwadi Padvi Gavdi Shendur MIDC near near near near malli Bharao Savad Gavadi Bhave Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chromium (asCr6+), mg/l, ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Anionic detergents, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND PAH, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Mineral oil, mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Barium (as Ba), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Silver (as Ag), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Selenium (as Se), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Insecticide ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Oil and Grease mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Free Ammonia (as N), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Electrical Conductance at 121.5 160.2 159.1 233.5 767.4 312.4 178.5 179.9 180.7 154.9 25 °C, μS Sodium Adsorption Ratio,% 20.8 23.4 21 16 9.32 25 25 22 19 20.34 Boron (as B), mg/l ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Sodium Percentage 6 6 5 4 5 8 6 6 5 6 Coliforms > 1600 > 1600 >1600 300 >1600 > 1600 > 1600 > 1600 > 1600 > 1600 Note : NS =Not specified, ND - Not detected ,NA - Not analyzed

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Table 3.16 Classification for inland surface water Classification for Inland surface water Parameter A B C D E 6.5 to 6.5 to 6.5 to 6.5 to pH 6.5 to 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l, 6 5 4 4 NS BOD @20°C 5days 2 3 3 NS NS Colour, Hazen units 10 300 300 NS NS Odour Unobjectionable NS NS NS NS Taste Agreeable NS NS NS NS TDS, mg/l 500 NS 1500 NS 2100 Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 300 NS NS NS NS Ca (as CaCO3), mg/l 200 NS NS NS NS Mg (as CaCO3), mg/l 100 NS NS NS NS Copper (as Cu), mg/l 1.5 NS 1.5 NS NS Iron (as Fe), mg/l, 0.3 NS 50 NS NS Manganese (as Mn), mg/l 0.5 NS NS NS NS Chlorides (as Cl), mg/l 250 NS 600 NS 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/l 400 NS 400 NS 1000 Nitrates (as NO3), mg/1 20 NS 50 NS NS Fluorides (as F,) mg/l 1.5 1.5 1.5 NS NS Phenolic comp (as 0.002 0.05 0.005 NS NS C6H5OH), mg/l Mercury (as Hg), mg/l 0.001 NS NS NS NS Cadmium (as Cd), mg/ 0.01 NS 0.01 NS NS Selenium (as Se), mg/l 0.01 NS NS NS NS Arsenic (as As), mg/l 0.05 0.2 0.2 NS NS Cyanides (as CN), mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 NS NS Lead (as Pb), mg/l 0.1 NS 0.1 NS NS Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, 15 NS 15 NS NS Chromium (asCr6+), mg/l, 0.05 1 0.05 NS NS Anionic detergents, mg/l 0.2 1 1 NS NS PAH, mg/l 0.2 NS NS NS NS Mineral oil, mg/l 0.01 NS NS NS NS Barium (as Ba), mg/l 1 NS NS NS NS Silver (as Ag), mg/l 0.05 NS NS NS NS Pesticides Absent NS NS NS NS Selenium (as Se), mg/l NS NS 0.05 NS NS Insecticide NS NS Absent NS NS Oil and Grease mg/l NS NS 0.1 0.1 NS Free Ammonia (as N), NS NS NS 1.2 NS mg/l Electrical Conductance at NS NS NS 1000 2250 25 °C, μS

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Classification for Inland surface water Parameter A B C D E Sodium Adsorption NS NS NS NS 26 Ratio,% Boron (as B), mg/l NS NS NS NS 2 Sodium Percentage NS NS NS NS 60 Coliforms 50 500 5000 NS NS Table 3.17 Class of Water as per IS 2296 – 1982 CLASSIFICATION TYPE OF USE CLASS A Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection CLASS B Outdoor bathing CLASS C Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection CLASS D Fish culture and wild life propogation CLASS E Irrigation, industrial cooling or controlled waste disposal

Based on analysis, surface water analysis mainly falls under classification C & E.

Biological Environment

Bio-geographical Setting of Raigad District

District Raigad is one of the costal districts of Konkan region of Maharashtra, spread over an area of 7152 km2. It shows variation in topography from high altitudinal Sahyadri hill ranges to coastal plains. The soils of the district are formed from the predominating rock formation i.e. Deccan Trap. According to the topographical situation and location, soils in Raigad district are grouped as Forest, Varkas, Rice, Khar or Salt, Coastal Alluvial and Laterite soils. District receives average 3029 mm annual rainfall mostly contributed by southwesterly monsoon. These climatic and edaphic conditions support different types of forests. As per Champion and Seth’s classification, following forest types are generally found in the district. Moist Mixed Deciduous Forests: These are found on the hill slopes and valleys, dominant species in this type are Pterocarpus marsupium (Bija), Salmalia malabaricum (Semal), Terminalaia bellarica (Behada), Dalbergia latifolia (Shishum), Syzigium cumini (Jambul), Terminalia tomentosa (Ain), Lagerstremia parviflora (Bendara) etc. Southern Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests: Forests of this type occur mostly on upper hill slope from 450 meters to 1050 meters above the MSL. In Western Ghats dominant species are Terminalia paniculata (Kinjal), Memocylon umbellatum (Anjani), Terminalia chebula (Hirda), Syzigium cumini (Jambul), Olea diocea (Parjamun), Mangifera indica (Mango), Actinodaphne hookeri (Pisa), etc. Littoral and Swamp Forests: These are found along the creeks and estuaries. Vegetation here is adapted for saline environment. Although comparatively area under cover is marginal, these forests are important for protection of seacoast and marine

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 101 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 3 – Description of the Environment life. Prominent species are Avicennia sp., Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia sp. Some associated species are also found. According to ‘India State of Forest Report, 2015’, Forest Survey of India; forest cover in Raigad district is about 40% of geographical area. Area (km2) distribution of forest cover is presented below: Table 3.18 Forest cover in Raigad district Geographical Very Dense Moderately Open Total Scrub Area Forest Dense Forest Forest 7,152 13 1,247 1,615 2,875 70

It is noticed that, there is decline in ‘Moderately Dense Forest’ area by 1Km2 when compared with earlier (2013) may be due to rotational felling, diversion of forest areas for non-forestry purpose, encroachment etc. However, there is increase in ‘open forest’ area by 14Km2 may be because of plantations and Mangrove rehabilitation. Besides this, some areas are designated as protected areas under Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Three such areas are present in Raigad District. Details pertaining to those are given in following table. Year of Area Name Location (Taluka) Establishment (km2) Karnala Wildlife Sanctuary Panvel 1968 14.12 Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary Murud & Roha 1986 69.79 Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary Partly in Raigad district 1985 130.78 Source: http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/nwdc/ (Updated on 7th September, 2010)

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Figure 3.24 Map Showing Talukas of Raigad District & Study Area (Red Circle)

Baseline Studies in Study Area

Study area is area within radial distance of 10 Km from proposed site. It encompasses about 67 villages in Mahad and 12 in Poladpur Taluka of Raigad District. According to bio-geographic zone classification of India, entire study area falls under ‘Western Ghats’. Though, there are 20 villages in study area which are listed as ESAs; villages adjoining to additional Mahad MIDC such as, Birwadi, Pimpaldari, Amshet, Barasgaon, Bhave, Kalinj are not listed in Order under section 5 of EP Act 1986 dated 13th November 2013, draft Notification dated 10th March 2014, draft Notifiation dated 4th September 2015 and draft Notification dated 27th February 2017 issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC). Nearest Eco-Sensitive Village, ‘Solamkond’ is about 1 Km towards West of site.

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Ecology & Biodiversity study pertaining to Environmental Impact Assessment report for proposed establishment by Prasol Chemicals Limited at plot No FS - 30 additional Mahad MIDC (Taluka Mahad, dist. Raigad) was carried out. Survey Methdology: The study was carried out by visiting locations at dusk, day and dawn, taking care that representative locations of all habitats were covered. Geographical coordinates were marked at important locations and geo-tagged photographic evidences collected using Global Positioning System. Listing of species was done based on actual sighting, interviewing locals, indirect evidences, Literature survey, data collected from forest officials and internet references. To ensure maximum coverage of faunal species, observations were made 1.5 to 2 Km beyond study area. During survey, total 16 locations (4 in each habitat) were visited for phyto-sociological studies. 10m X 10m quadrant for trees, 5m X 5m for Shrubs & 1m X 1m for herbs were established. Data collected is used to determine Species Richness, Species Composition & Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index by standard methods. Survey tracks & waypoints are marked on Goggle Earth as presented below.

Figure 3.25 WayPoints & Survey Tracks

Field visit to site and study area reveals that, study area has undulating terrain as commonly seen in Konkan region. Besides dense vegetation on hills (Reserved Forest), study area has water bodies, agricultural fields, human settlements etc. These habitats possess different characteristic which supports typical composition of flora and fauna within them. Occurrences of species in respective habitats are presented in table below. Dense Vegetation: Natural vegetation along hill slopes is noticed within study area. Most of these hills have either tapering crown or open plateau with hardly any trees. Often it was observed that, vertical continuity of vegetation disturbs as slope becomes steeper intermittently and appears as barren patches along slope. These hill ranges (at

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 104 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 3 – Description of the Environment many places) are notified as Reserved Forests and covers approximately 11.3 Km2 which is about 3.45 % of total study area. Details of forests in study area are collected from Range Forest Office, Mahad (Kindly refer figure 3.50 for copy of correspondence with RFO) and presented in Table below. Except some human settlements, most of the forest areas are inaccessible to human and remained untouched due to dense vegetation and topography. This supports good vegetation cover. Tectona, Bombax and species of Terminalia were found dominant in ‘Dense Vegetaiton’. In addition to Dense Vegetation, open plateaus, small hillocks, scrub lands were also studied. During study, working stone quarries were noticed along hill base near dense vegetation

Figure 3.26 Hill slope/Dense vegetation and evidence of wildlife within it

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Figure 3.27 Stone quarry & tip burn in dense vegetation

Figure 3.28 Step farming in dense vegetation on hill slope In addition to Dense Vegetation, open plateaus, small hillocks, scrub lands were also covered during survey.

Table 3.19 Details of Forests in Study Area

Sr. Village Type of Area Dens Prominent Fauna Prominent Flora No. Name Forest (Ha.) ity

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Sr. Village Type of Area Dens Prominent Fauna Prominent Flora No. Name Forest (Ha.) ity Nandgao Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 1. 13.680 0-3 n Forest Boar Savar, Pangara etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 2. Jite 36.440 0-3 Forest Boar Savar, Pangara, etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 3. Sakadi 80.290 0-3 Forest Boar Savar, Pangara, etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 4. Kusgaon 81.149 0-3 Forest Boar Savar, Pangara, etc. Reserve 34.290 Forest Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 5. Parvadi 0-3 Protecte Boar, Leopard Savar, Pangara, etc. 15.540 d Reserve 44.160 Forest Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 6. Mandalay 0-3 Acquire Boar, Leopard Savar, Pangara, etc. 3.130 Forest Kinjoli Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 7. 123-950 0-3 Khurd Forest Boar, Leopard Savar, Pangara, etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Haid, Khair, Bija, 8. Kolose 31.940 0-3 Forest Boar Savar, Pangara, etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 9. Vaki B 581.750 0-4 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 10. Dahiwadi 92.670 0-3 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve 11.940 Forest Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 11. Aamshet 0-3 Compen Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. 73.287 satory Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 12. Birwadi 17.320 0-4 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Barasgao Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 13. 74.750 0-4 n Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve 18.320 Forest Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 14. Padavi 0-3 Acquire Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. 1.040 Forest Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 15. Mohot 71.350 0-4 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 16. Borgaon 18.780 0-4 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 17. Bhivghar 25.480 0-3 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 18. Kativade 62.480 0-3 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Reserve Hare, Barking Deer, Wild Sag, Ain, Kinjal, Nana, Dhavada, 19. Rupwali 47.200 0-3 Forest Boar Khair, Pangara, Bija etc. Total 1128.3 Source: Forest Department, Govt. of

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Sr. Village Type of Area Dens Prominent Fauna Prominent Flora No. Name Forest (Ha.) ity 07 Maharashtra Data obtained from forest department is compared with obsevations made during survey within study area and found similarity in species composition.

Phyto-sociological study in this habitat was carriedout to know Species composition of trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers at each location which are presented below.

Trema orientalis Thespesia populnea 100% Terminalia catappa Terminalia belerica Tectona grandis Tamarindus indica Syzygium cumini Semecarpus anacardium 80% Pongamia pinnata Phyllanthus emblica Oroxylum indicum Neolamarckia cadamba 60% Moringa oliefera Mitragyna parviflora Michelia champaka Mangifera indica 40% Macaranga peltata Lanea coromandelica Lagerstroemia speciosa Grewia tiliifolia Gmelina arborea Gliricidia sepium % Composition % 20% Garcinia indica Ficus religiosa Ficus glomerata Ficus bengalensis 0% Eucalyptus sp. Erythrina indica 1 2 3 4 Cordia dichotoma Caryota urens Careya arborea Butea monosperma Quadrant Bridelia retusa Bombax malbaricum

Figure 3.29 Graph showing tree species composition in Dense Vegetation

Ziziphus rugosa 100% Ziziphus oenoplia 90% 80% Vitex negundo 70% Woodfordia floribunda 60% Sida rhomboidea 50% Lawsonia inermis 40% Holarrhena antidysenterica 30% 20% Helicteres isora % Composition % 10% Flueggea leucopyrus 0% Carissa carandus 1 2 3 4 Calotropis gigentea

Quadrant Bauhinia recemosa

Figure 3.30 Graph showing shrub species composition in study area

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Leea microphylla 100% Urena sinuata 90% Tricodesma indica 80% Ocimum basilicum 70% 60% Mimosa pudica 50% Lantana camara 40% Ipomoea carnea 30% Jussiaea suffruiticosa

20% % Composition % Canscora diffusa 10% 0% Boerhavia diffusa 1 2 3 4 Asparagus racemosus Quadrant Argemone mexicana

Figure 3.31 Graph showing herb species composition in study area

100% Vitis repanda 80% Tinospora cordifolia 60%

40% Marsdenia volubilis

% Composition % 20%

0% Ipomoea pes-tigridis 1 2 3 4 Quadrant Hemidesmus indicus

Figure 3.32Graph showing climber species composition in study area

12% 25%

36% 27%

Trees Shrubs Herbs Climbers Figure 3.33 Graph showing overall composition in dense vegetation Floral composition is found to be dominated by herbs whereas trees and shrubs contribute almost equally. This may be bcause of low soil cover, low rate of germination of woody species. Species Richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity index for each habit

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 109 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 3 – Description of the Environment is calculated separately from all sampling locations. It reveals poor health of ecosystem. Phytosociologicl results are presented graphically below: Table 3.20 Diversity index in dense vegetation Sampling Locations Trees 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 9.00 8.00 6.00 7.00 Diversity Index 2.14 2.03 1.72 1.89 Shrubs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 5.00 4.00 6.00 6.00 Diversity Index 1.52 1.28 1.70 1.66 Herbs 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 5.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 Diversity Index 1.47 1.48 1.25 1.53 Climbers 1 2 3 4 Species Richness 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 Diversity Index 1.01 0.69 0.67 1.33

Trees Shrubs 9.00 6.00 8.00 7.00 5.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 Quadrant 1 Quadrant2 3 4 Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index Herbs Climbers 6.00 4.00

3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00

0.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Quadrant Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index

Figure 3.34 Graphical representation of diversity index in dense vegetation Human Settlements: Human habitation in study area is rural in nature. The only town in study area is Mahad. Villages in study area are found situated at base of hills and also intermittently. Besides these, public garden in Mahad town and green belt in Mahad MIDC and additional MIDC shows artificial plantation of species. These exhibit different

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 110 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 3 – Description of the Environment kinds of species composition. For the purpose of listing the species; open/waste area adjacent to human settlement are also considered in this habitat.

Figure 3.35 Glimps of Human habitat

Figure 3.36 Industrial units and Green Belt in Additional Mahad MIDC

Phyto-sociological analysis in human settelement was carried out at 4 locations. Species composition of trees, shrubs and herbs at each location are presented below.

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Thespesia populnea Terminalia catappa 100% Tamarindus indica Syzygium cumini Pongamia pinnata Phyllanthus emblica 80% Neolamarckia cadamba Moringa oliefera Michelia champaka Mangifera indica 60% Lagerstroemia speciosa Gliricidia sepium 40% Ficus religiosa Ficus glomerata Ficus bengalensis Erythrina indica 20% % Composition % Caryota urens Bauhinia veriegata Barringtonia acutangula Artocarpus heterophyllus 0% 1 2 3 4 Albizia saman Acacia nilotica Quadrant Acacia catechu Acacia auriculiformis

Figure 3.37 Graph showing tree species composition in Human settelement

Vitex negundo 100% Lawsonia inermis 80% Carissa carandus

60% Bauhinia recemosa

Amorphophallus campanulatus 40%

% Composition % Adhatoda vasica 20%

0% 1 2 3 4 Quadrant

Figure 3.38 Graph showing shrub species composition in Human settelement

100% Ocimum basilicum 80% 60% Mimosa pudica 40%

% Composition % 20% Lantana camara

0% 1 2 3 4 Asparagus racemosus Quadrant

Figure 3.39 Graph showing herb species composition in Human settelement

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Figure 3.40 Graph showing overall composition in human settlement Floral composition is found to be dominated by herbs followed by trees then shrubs. This may be due to plantation of species intentionally for the purpose of beautification, shade, protection from stray/grazing animals and for food value (e.g. public garden, green belt in additional MIDC). Similarly, faunal species of interest such as cattle, domestic animals/ birds were inhabited. Non-indiginous species planatation leads to cause interference to local/ indigenous biodiversity. Species Richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity index for each habit is calculated separately from all sampling locations. It reveals poor health of ecosystem. Phytosociologicl results are presented graphically below:

Trees 3.50 Shrubs 10.00 2.50

5.00 1.50 0.50 0.00 1 2 3 4 -0.50 1 2 3 4 Quadrant Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index

Herbs 3.50

2.50

1.50

0.50

-0.50 1 2 3 4

Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index

Figure 3.41 Graphical representation of diversity index in Human Settelement Agricultural Fields: Agricultural fields in study area are seen towards foothills and inbetween open area. Major crop in the region is Rice, however secondary crops like

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Wari, Nagali etc. are grown on hill slope or where soil cover is poor. In addition to agriculture crops, vegetable growing and animal husbandry are also practiced in study area. Agriculture flora supports corresponding members of fauna in study area. For the purpose of listing of species; areas adjacent to fields, orchards and vegetation on fallow/ open lands are also included.

Figure 3.42 Glimpse of Agriculture fields near human habitation Phyto-sociological study reveals shrubs are dominated followed by trees. This is mainly because of dry season (no standing crop/fields were prepared for cultivation). Diversity index depicts the same (poor health). Species composition of trees & shrubs at each location are presented below

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Thespesia populnea

100% Terminalia catappa

90% Terminalia belerica 80% Tectona grandis 70% Tamarindus indica 60% Syzygium cumini 50% Semecarpus anacardium 40% Phyllanthus emblica

Composition % 30% Moringa oliefera

20% Mangifera indica

10% Garcinia indica 0% Eucalyptus sp. 1 2 3 4 Artocarpus heterophyllus Quadrant Anacardium occidentale

Figure 3.43 Graph showing tree species composition in agriculture

100% 90% 80% Holarrhena antidysenterica

70% Carissa carandus 60% Amorphophallus campanulatus 50%

40% Adhatoda vasica

Composition% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 2 3 4 Quadrant

Figure 3.44 Graph showing shrub species composition in agriculture As, species count of herbs & climbers is low to compute diversity index thus, they are considered to represent overall flora.

Figure 3.45 Graph showing overall floral composition in agriculture

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8.00 Trees Shrubs 6.00 6.00 4.00 4.00 2.00

2.00 0.00 1 2 3 4 0.00 Quadrant 1 2 3 4 Quadrant Species Richness Diversity Index Species Richness Diversity Index Figure 3.46 Graphical representation of diversity index in agriculture Water Bodies: Drainage in the area is mainly through River Savitri & Kal. Due to undulating terrain, number of stream/ nallah also flow downhill and joins the river. River Kal confluence in to Savitri near village Bhorav. During its course it bifurcates and rejoins the main stream many times, forming several islands. These islands possess herbaceous to tree vegetation depending upon soil cover. Species like Polygonum glabrum, Saccharum arundinaceum etc. were dominant along river banks and on islands. Colonies of birds like Asian open bill stork, cormorant etc. were observed perching on trees/rock outcrops within stream during survey. Common fish species found in Savitri River are Tenualosa ilisha, Crossocheilus latius, Puntius sp., Lutjanus johni, Rasbora daniconius etc. and some introduced species like Catla catla, Labeo rohita etc. For the purpose of study and enlisting the species, areas adjacent to river banks has also been visited and studied. Cloth/vehicle washing along river bank was noticed at places; at bank of River Savitri, near village Dadli, observed dumping of domestic waste and set on fire.

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Figure 3.47 Glimpse of water bodies

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Figure 3.48 Various Anthropogenic pressures on Water Bodies in Study Area Phyto-sociological study reveals herbs contribute flora majourly, followed by trees. This may be due to weeds and shore vegetation. Shrubs and climbers are not captured in Phyto-sociological study. Diversity index scores low indicating poor health.

Figure 3.49 Graph showing overall floral composition in aquatic habitat Though, each above identified habitat experiences similar climatic conditions, they differ in edaphic conditions, location, use/interference of human and shows variation in floral composition. These members of flora support different kinds of fauna associated with it. Some species are present in more than one habitat. List of flora observed during survey, within study area is presented in Annexure 3.5, with respect to different habitats described earlier. Similarly, list of fauna is presented in Annexure 3.5.

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Photo-documentation:

Brahminy Starling

Indian grey Hornbill

Orange headed Thrush Common Monitor Lizard

Flying fox Saw-Scaled Viper

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During field visits, birds like Copsychus saularis & Ploceus philippinus observed commonly at various places in study area. Information from forest department and dialogue with nearby residents of reserved forest reveals occurrence of Sus scrofa and Muntiacus muntjak in forest areas. Observations at Proposed Site: Proposed site of Prasol at plot no. FS-30 is open plot in Additional Mahad MIDC. The site is freely accessible and seems to to be used as agriculture pasture. Birds like Crested Lark and paddy field pipit observed to be visited site. Species noticed during site visit are listed in table below. All secies are common in region and does not bear any conservation status. Table 3.21 List of flora observed within Site Sr. No. Scientific Name Common/ Local Name Family 1. Lantana camara wild sage/Ghaneri verbenaceae 2. Solanum xanthocarpum Ringan Solanaceae 3. Alternanthera sessilis Sessile Joyweed/ Garundi Amaranthaceae 4. Euphorbia hirta Asthma Weed Euphorbiaceae 5. Tridax procumbens Coat Buttons /Khal-muriya Asteraceae 6. Coix lachryma-jobi - Poaceae 7. Eragrostis unioloides Seete-che pohe Poaceae During survey, No mass nesting within site was observed. List of fauna observed within site is presented in Table 3.24. Table 3.22 List of Fauna Observed Within Site Sr. Scientific Name Common/ Local Name Family No. 1. Galerida cristata Crested Lark Alaudidae 2. Anthus rufulus Paddy field Pipit Motacillidae

Figure 3.50 View of site

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Figure 3.51 Paddy field pipit & Crested Lark within site Summary: Flora: During survey, 45 tree, 16 shrub, 14 herb, 06 climber, 03 epiphytes, 02 ferns & 03 grass species were observed. None of the observed species is listed in ‘Red Data Book Plants of India (Nayar & Sastry 1987-88)’. Fauna: During survey, 19 mammals, 11 reptiles, 84 birds, 07 lepidopteran and one amphibian species were observed. Conservation status as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972 of respective species is mentioned against it in table. There are total 2 schedule V, 58 schedule IV, 2 schedule III, 4 schedule II and 4 schedule I species observed. Some species are not classisfied in any of the schedule.

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Figure 3.52 Data Received from Forest Department

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Socio Economic Environment

As a part of EIA the socio-economic study includes demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure resources, status of human health and economic attributes like

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Reconnaissance

The proposed project of Establishment of Pesticides Intermediates by M/s. Prasol Chemicals Pvt Ltd will be proposed to undertake on the plot allotted by Additional Mahad MIDC area, district Raigarh, Maharashtra. Raigarh is a coastal District situated on the west coast of India. National Highway NH 17, SH 70 & SH 101 passes through Mahad. Most of the people of this Raigarh District are engaged in agricultural activities. Raigarh District with a coastline of about 240 kms., is one of the most important maritime Districts of the State. Fishing though considered under developed, ranks only next to agriculture as far as means of livelihood is concerned. Maharashtra is one of the industrially advanced State of India. Industrial activities in Raigarh District is carried out in Khopoli, Karjat, Panvel and Taloje Panchnad Towns. These Towns have industrial units manufacturing steel pipes and medicines. M.I.D.C is encouraging industrial units in Panvel Tahsil to increase industrial productions. In the District there are industrial estates in Panvel, Uran, Mahad and Roha. Small scale as well as large scale industries are functioning in these areas.

Methodology

Primary Data: Primary socio economic data collection through intensive field survey in selected sampling locations i.e. villages & town/ wards in study area as well as the observations by the survey team. Primary socio economic survey is very essential in order to assess and evaluate likely impacts arising out of any developmental projects on socio economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in the project area. 20% - 30% percent sampling location i.e. areas it may be village or urban areas were selected located in all distance & directions of total areas falls within the study area of 10 km. Judgemental & purposive sampling method applied for selection of respondents (representatives of local Gram Panchayat i.e. Sarpanch, members etc. & adult male & female groups, senior citizen, cultivators, fishermen, business men etc.) Data collection processing includes field survey and observations are made at each sampling areas and the socioeconomic status of that region is studied. At each sampling locations group discussions or group interviews were carried out with different sections of community which representing the study area. Structured interviews involve the use of a set of predetermined questions that includes fixed and alternative questions. The questionnaire mainly highlights the parameters such as income and employment, housing, water supply, sanitation, health, energy, transportation and communication,

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Snapshots showing the socio economic sampling team members are filling the questionnaire scheduled by interviewing a local resident & Gram Panchayat official members at selected sampling locations are illustrated below:

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Village: Waki Bk. Town : Nadgoan Tarf Birwadi

Village: Sheltoli Village: Asanpoi Village Jite Village Kumbhar shivtar Secondary Data: Secondary source of data includes official / documented records such as census records of 2011 & 2001 CDs from Directorate of Census Office, district statistical abstracts, health statistics from health offices etc. Details of various facets of socioeconomic environment including salient observations recorded during the field survey are described below & detailed village & town wise or sampling locations wise Tables pertaining to each of the aspects are presented in Annexure 3.6. Details of various facets of socioeconomic environment are described below:

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The Socio economic study spans a radius of 10 km around the proposed project site and is located in Mahad & Poladpur Tehsil of Raigarh District & Velhe & Bhor Tehsil of Pune district. There are 62 villages and 2 census towns are falling under the study area, Out of these, 53 villages & 2 census town are in Mahad tehsil and 4 villages in Poladpur tehsil of Raigarh Disttrict and 5 villages from Velhe & Bhor tehsil of Pune district.

Demographic Structure of the Study Area Demographic structure of the study area was studied in terms of selected parameters such as households, population, density, sex ratio, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes, literacy etc. Summarized information of study area is shown below: Table 3.24 Summary of Demographic Parameters in the Study Area Demographic Parameters 2011 2001 No. of District 2 No. of Tehsil 4 Total Households 13417 12992 Total Population 56574 58346 Male Population 28505 29543 Female Population 28069 28803 Child Population (0 – 6 Yrs.) (%) 6244 (11.04) 9262 (15.87) Sex Ratio (female per 1000 Male) 985 975 Family Size 4.2 4.5 Scheduled Castes ( % ) 2694 (4.76) 1916 (3.28) Scheduled Tribes ( % ) 2810 (4.97) 2686 (4.60) Literates Population ( % ) 41157 (72.75) 37778 (64.75) Source: Primary Census Abstract CD 2011 Raigarh & Pune District, Maharashtra State Population, Households & Avg. Family Size: Total population of the study area is 56574 out of which 28505 (50.4 per cent) are males and 28069 (49.6 per cent) are females. There are 13417 households in the study area with average family size is 4.2 persons per household as per 2011 census. The study area is divided into four radial zones (0-3 km, 3-5km, 5-7km and 7-10 km), the zones wise distribution of villages & urban areas with population within the study area as per 2011 census is shown below. Table 3.25 Zone Wise Distribution of Rural & Urban Areas, Population & Households Zones No. of Villages No. of Towns Households Population 0 – 3 Km 6 ----- 805 3365 3 Km – 5 Km 7 ----- 2675 11245 5 Km – 7 Km 22 1 5579 23550 7 Km – 10 Km 25 1 4358 18414 Total 60 2 13417 56574 Source: Primary Census Abstract CD 2011 Raigarh & Pune District, Maharashtra State

There are a total sixty villages & 2 towns in the study area with six villages is in the 0-3 km zone, seven villages is in the 3-5 km zone, twenty-two villages & Birwadi town is in the 5-7km zone and twenty-five villages & Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi town is in the 7-10 km

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Child Population of Age Group 0 – 6 Yrs.: In the study area children population within the age group of 0 – 6 yrs. is 11.04%. Sex Ratio: As per 2011 census record, study area sex ratio is 985 which is higher as compared with average sex ratio of Raigarh district 959, Pune district 915 & Maharashtra State 929 female per 1000 male.

1000 985 976 2001 2011 980 975 960

940 959 919 929 920 922 900 915

880 Study Area Raigarh District Pune District Maharashtra State

Figure 3.53 Sex Ratio of Study Area & Its Comparisons at District & State Level During 2001 – 2011 decade there is a growth in sex ratio in study area from 975 – 985 (by 10 points) and Maharashtra State from 922 – 929 (by 7 points) while Raigarh district sex ratio is declined by 17 points & Pune district is 4 points. Scheduled Cates & Scheduled Tribes Population: Caste based distribution of population in the study area is given below. Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes 5% 5%

Other Castes 90%

Figure 3.54 Caste based distribution of Population in the Study Area Literacy: Literacy rate of the study area has increased from 65 per cent in 2001 to 73 per cent in 2011. The male and female literacy rates are 79% and 66% respectively as per 2011 census.

Infrastructural Facilities or Civic Amenities

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The infrastructure resources base of the villages & towns coming within the study area with reference to education, medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and communication facility and power supply etc. have been abstracted from District Census Handbook CD 2011 of Maharashtra State & from field visit at sampling locations which is enclosed in Annexure 3.6. Availability & satisfaction of population within the study area regarding civic amenities is described below: Educational Facilities: Abstract of educational facility i.e. types of education institutions available in villages & towns of study area is shown below

120 100 111 80 60 40 45 20 11 2 6 0 Primary School Middle School Secondary Senior Secondary Private Others School School

Figure 3.55 Educational Facilities Available in Villages & Towns of Study Area As per 2011 census data there are total 111 primary school, 45 middle school, 11 secondary school & 6 private other schools available in the villages & towns of study area. Govt. Senior secondary school is running in Warandh & Kalij villages. All the surveyed villages have primary schools. Kalij, Dahivad, Sheltoli, Walan Bk., Barasgaon, Asanpoi, Temghar, Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi (CT), Waki Bk., Kumbhe Shivtar & Sawad are the sampled villages where middle schools & secondary schools are found to be functional. Degree College facilities of Art, Science & Commerce is accessible at Mahad town which requires travelling of 8 km – 30 km from the respective surveyed villages & urban area. Medical Facilities: Abstract of medical facility i.e. kinds of medical institutional available in the villages of study area are depicted below: Types of Medical Facilities Available in the Villages & Towns of Study Area Types of Health / Medical Facilities Available In the Rural Region of the Study Area Available Names of Villages Primary Health Centre 1 Warandh Primary Health Sub Centre 11 Dahivad, Warandh, Sheltoli, Bhave, Walan Kh. , Walan Bk., Kumbhe Shivtar, Nigade, Kamble Tarf Mahad, Kamble Tarf Birwadi, Sawad Maternity And Child Welfare Centre 1 Warandh TB Clinic 1 Warandh Hospital Allopathic 1 Warandh Dispensary 1 Warandh Mobile Health Clinic 4 Akale, Bhorao, Ashimpi & Shirgaon Family Welfare Centre 1 Warandh Non-Government Medical facilities Out 11 Warandh, Kalij, Bhave, Kharvali, Waki Bk, Patient Asanpoi, Kusgaon, Dhamane, Jite, Kamble Tarf Mahad, Kamble Tarf Birwadi, Types of Health / Medical Facilities Available In the Urban Region of the Study Area

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Available Names of Towns Non-Government Out-Patient 8 Birwadi (CT) Non-Government In and Out Patient 3 Birwadi (CT) Source: DCHB 2011 Maharashtra State Out of total 62 areas i.e. 60 villages & 2 towns, only 39% areas are having health facilities. Both 2011 census & field survey record shows the highest number of villages & both towns are having health facilities mainly in the form of Non-Governmental out patient service as well as Govt. providing their services through Primary Health Sub Centre which is running in 11 number of villages in the study area. Other health facilities includes Hospital which in available in Biwardi town & Warandh village while Primary Health Centre, Maternity and Child Welfare Centre, TB Clinic, Dispensary & Family Welfare Centre all are available in the rural area most of these different health facilities are found in Warandh village. Mobile health clinic kind of medical facilities are found to be workable in Akale, Bhorao, Ashimpi & Shirgaon villages. It can be concluded that health facilities are not satisfactory since 38 villages i.e. 61% villages are not having any kind of medical institutional health facilities in the study area. Drinking Water Facility: Sources of Water Available in the villages & town of Study Area is shown below: Table 3.26 Sources of Water Available in the Villages & Towns of Study Area Sources of Water Available in Sources of Water Available in No. of Villages No. of Villages Tap Treated 20 Tube Wells/Borehole 23 Water Untreated 22 Spring 15 Both Treated & Untreated 10 River/Canal 40 Well 58 Tank/Pond/Lake 24 Hand Pump 35 Source: DCHB CD 2011 Maharashtra State In both town areas water requirement is fulfilled through supply of protected tap water & the system of storage is overhead tank. In villages also tap water is a major source of water available in 83% villages but among these around 44% villages get water without treated in the study area as per 2011 census. MIDC fulfil the water requirement at nearby villages with MIDC namely Kalij, Kharvali, Khaire Tarf Birwadi, Asanpoi, Sheltoli & Temghar villages by supplied tap water. In majority of surveyed areas reported duration of water supplied by the respective Gram Panchayats or MIDC is daily 1 hr – 2hr. Water scarcity is a major problem faced by few sampling villages at a summer season. Other sources of water is available in the villages of study area include well, bore well, hand pump, river & lake. Sanitation Facilities: Drainage status in the villages & towns of study area is shown below: Table 3.27 Drainage Status in Villages & Towns of Study Area Types of Drains Available in No. of Villages Closed Drainage ----- Open Open Pucca Drainage Uncovered 11 Drainage Open Kuccha Drainage 11 Total 22

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Both – Open & Closed drains 2 (Both Towns) No Drainage 38 Source: DCHB CD 2011 Maharashtra State Closed & open drains facility is available in both towns. But rural region is lacking in terms of gutter line as per 2011 census data 57% villages are not having drainage facility in the study area. The remaining all the 43% villages have an open nallas/ drains. Garbage disposal facility in the form of door-to-door waste collection service by the concerned local bodies covers only 4 sampling areas (Birwadi, Nadgoan Tarf Birwadi, Khaire & Kalij villages) while remaining dispose the waste by themselves. Garbage bin is available in 7 sampling areas. 100 percent houses in the 14 surveyed areas are having personal toilets within their houses boundaries & in remaining sampling villages reported personal toilets is available in up to seventy or above seventy percent houses. Some villages seen very clean but insanitary conditions are also found in some villages due to no drains or open surface drains / open nallas & garbage dump in open spaces i.e. road side or in open vacant places. Inhabitants reported fly & mosquito problems generally in rainy season. Electricity: The primary source of energy in the study area is electricity, and the entire study area has electricity for all purposes i.e. agriculture and domestic purpose and commercial & industrial purposes. Generally villages & towns of the study area not having a load shedding problem. Few sampling villages are using solar energy renewable energy source for street light. Mostly people are using LPG gas for cooking purpose except the few villages such as Gavadi, Vadghar Kh. & Waki Bk. etc. which are adjacent with forest area used wood as a main fuel for cooking. Transportation & communication both facilities are quite satisfactory in the study area.

70 60 50 40 30 54 58 20 39 43 10 17 22 0 Sub Post Office Telephone Mobile Phone Public Bus Black Topped Gravel (kuchha) (landlines) Coverage Service (pucca) Road Roads

Figure 3.56 Communication, Transportation & Approach Road Facilities in the Study Area National highway No. 17 passing through 2 villages & State highway No. 70 passing through 7 villages within the study area and all the villages & towns are well connected with both pucca roads (black top, metalled) & kuccha roads (Gravel) in the study area. Ninety percent villages having a mobile phone coverage & Maharashtra Government bus services are available in sixty-five percent villages of the study area. Besides bus, 6 seater auto rickshaws facilities found to be available in almost all surveyed villages & frequency of daily availability of both rented vehicles bus & auto rickshaws are quiet good generally it is easily procurable by the villagers without much hindrance. Marketing: For marketing people go to town places Birwadi, Mahad & Poladpur.

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Recreational facilities in the form of cinema theatres & parks are located at Mahad town.

Occupational Pattern/ Economic Resource Base Summarized Information on Occupational Structure i.e. numbers of workers & non workers details & economic category wise distribution of workers in the study area is shown in Tables while its percentage is presented in Figures Table 3.28 Occupational Structure of the Study Area Persons Workers Non Main Workers Marginal Workers Total Workers Worker Total 20192 3336 23528 33046 Male 14471 1571 16042 12463 Female 5721 1765 7486 20583 Source: Primary Census Abstract CD 2011 Raigarh & Pune District, Maharashtra State

Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers

100%

80% 44 58 60% 73 6 40% 6 51 6 20% 36 21 0% Total Male Female

Figure 3.57 Ratio of Workers & Non Workers in the Study Area As per 2011 census data the work participation rate in the study area is 42% among which the main workers constitutes 36% & marginal worker constitutes 6%. It means higher share of population i.e. 58% recorded under non worker of the total population. Among the main workers, male participation rate is 51 percent while that of female is only 21 percent it means proportion of main workers is higher in male population than in female population while in non-workers the percentage of female population is 73% shows higher than of male population i.e. 44% in the study area. Table 3.29 Economic Category wise Distribution of Workers Agricultural Household Industry Other Workers Cultivators Labourer Workers Workers Main Worker 7478 1739 453 10522 Marginal Worker 956 901 134 1345 Source: Primary Census Abstract CD 2011 Raigarh & Pune District, Maharashtra State

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Main Worker Marginal Worker

60 50 40 52 30 37 40 20 29 27 10 9 2 4 0 Cultivators Agricultural Labourer Household Industry Other Workers Workers

Figure 3.58 Economic Category wise Distribution of Workers in the Study Area Field survey data revealed that rural economy are majorly based on agricultural sector & industrial sector due to proximity to Mahad industrial area and very minor proportion of villagers also earn income from business, dairy & fishing activity. While urban areas earnings are fully depend on other activities like services, labour work, industrial workers & business etc. According to 2011 census data, the distribution of workers by occupation also indicates that 52% working population engaged in others workers & 46% comprised under agriculture work (cultivators 37% & agricultural labourers 9%) were most predominant among the main workers and in the same manner for marginal workers i.e. 56% workers engaged in agricultural activities & 40% found in other workers activities. Cultivation: Above seventy percent working population of 18 surveyed villages are reported cultivation as their main occupation. Most of the cultivated area is rain fed which is dependent on monsoon. Rice is the principal monsoon crop and other crops include grains, vegetables & groundnut. Last year 2q – 7q rice crop were produced at per acre agricultural land & sold min Rs.1000 – max Rs.5000 per quintal. Some of the cultivators residing around the MIDC area simultaneously working in the companies at off season (excluding monsoon season) as their alternative source of income because they easily get the employment in industries and presently farming is not fruitful income generating source because area is lacking in terms of irrigation sources as well as existing irrigation sources were polluted i.e. as opined by few sampling locations namely Nadgoan traf Birwadi, Asanpoi, Jite, Temghar & Rajewadi villages reported river water became polluted and unusable for irrigation purpose & fishing activities. Some cultivators, other family members are working in industries & some farmers are engaged in agriculture allied work at their own agricultural land. Amshet village cultivators presently doing farming in a vacant land owned by MIDC since no agriculture land is left in this village for cultivation. Industries: As per MMA Mahad Manufacturer Association CETP Mahad report category wise number of industrial units working in the Mahad MIDC are given below: Table 3.30 Category wise Distribution of Industries Industries Small Medium Large Total Chemicals 66 15 9 90 Pharmaceuticals 1 1 3 5 Dyes & Dye Intermediate 2 2 0 4 Textile 2 0 2 4

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Pigment 0 0 1 1 Paper 0 0 1 1 Packing 1 0 0 1 Engineering 3 2 0 5 Others 23 1 0 24 Total 98 21 16 135 Source: MMA (Mahad Manufacture Association) CETP Mahad The small, medium as well as large scale industries are running in the Mahad MIDC. The category of industries includes Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Dyes & Dye Intermediate & Textile etc. Amshet, Kalij, Sheltoli, Shel, Asanpoi, Jite, Temghar, Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi (CT), Birwadi (CT) and Khaire Tarf Birwadi are the sampling locations were industries are presently functional. As per interviewees most of the companies recruit local employees on a contract & temporary basis. Per day wages of temporary / contractual employees is Rs.150 – Rs.300 & permanent employees is Rs.300 – Rs.550.

Health Status Data regarding health status has been collected from primary health center Birwadi, Dasgaon, Pachad & Varandh, Mahad Taluka, Raigad District. Primary Health Center wise information regarding the registered number of birth and death and infant mortality in the study area and morbidity pattern of the study area is attached in Annexure 3.6. In all 4 PHCs of study area, Birwadi, Dasgon, Pachad & Varandh birth rate were 12.78, 13.48, 11.77 & 11.16 respectively and death rate were 4.64, 4.70, 7.08 & 6.25 respectively while infant mortality rate were 0.13, 0.24, 0.37 & 0.33 respectively in 2017 – 2018. The corresponding birth rate figures were 16.59, 15.37, 10.95 & 13.44 respectively in 2015 – 2016. The birth rate of 3 PHCs is higher & 1 PHC is near about same as compare with Riagarh district birth rate 11.19 in 2015 and infant mortality rate were lower in all 4 PHCs of study area then Raigarh district IMR 18.07 in 2015. Morbidity pattern data reveals that the general prevailing diseases are Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, and Breathe & eye diseases. Different health problems are reported which could be attributed due to improper sanitation & mosquito nuisance and also water logging leading to malaria and lack of health related infrastructure facilities. Few villages & urban area population living nearer with MIDC area reported health related issues such as breathing & eye irritation problem due to pollution.

Places of Religious/Archaeological and other Importance

Shivthar Ghal (Marathi: शिवथर घळ): At Shivthar Ghal also known as Sunder Math (Marathi: सԂद रमठ),(Sundarmath means Beautiful Monastery), this is a picturesque cavern inside a cliff located in Varandha Ghat in the Sahyadris on the Bhor-Mahad Road. It is here that the famous Marathi spiritual and social mentor-poet Samarth Ramadas Swami resided for almost 22 years, and created the famous work ‘Das Bodh’ with the aid of his most loyal disciple, Kalyan Swami, who worked as his writer. It is also believed that Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj met Samarth Ramdas for the very first time at Shivthar Ghal. The cave was discovered by Shri Shankarrao Deo of Dhule in 1930. The cave and surrounding area was renovated after Samarth Seva Mandal was formed in 1950. The

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Perception of Respondents regarding Industrial Development Activity The respondents of the sampling locations of Birwadi & Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi, Khaire Tarf Birwadi, Asanpoi, Barasgaon, Shel, Vadghar Kh., Temghar, Jite, Bhave & Rajewadi complained about the pollution problem occurred from the existing industrial units located in Mahad industrial area. These areas experienced air, water & land pollution. As per them due to pollution the natural environment were deteriorated which affected the health & agricultural & fishing activity. Breathing problem, skin & irritation in eyes is a common health issues. The fertility of land were affected the production & quality of yields were deteriorate which reduces the income of farmers. Savitri river became polluted because of waste water discharged by the operated companies of Mahad MIDC which were destroyed the fishes & affected the income of fishermen i.e. Adivasi community mainly engaged in fishing activity as their main means of livelihood. Inhabitants of Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi (CT), Chandhave Kh. & Rajewadi complained about the water pollution problem in Savitri River. Amshet, Kalij & Sheltoli residents feel the gas & foul smell through air pollution but not suffering from any health related issues as well as no cultivation activity were affected due to air pollution. Rest of the surveyed villages either gave positive or neutral response but expecting employment especially for unemployed educated local youth as well development of village through upgrade the infrastructural facilities.

Socio economic Development Activities carried under CSR by Existing Industries As a part of CSR, types of social welfare activities executed by some operating companies in last few years in the vicinity of their operational unit recorded during field survey are shown below: Sandose Co. constructed a school in Amshet & Solamkond villages & constructed a Temple & water tank facility in Solamkond village Water Pipeline facility by Astect Co., Gantha gadi by Aqua Firm Co. & Bus Stand by Astha Co. provided at Kalij village Sun Shield Co. & Sriram Chemicals Ltd. organised a fashion design training for ladies & distribution of Sewing Machine at Dahivad village Road side tree plantation is done by Sandose Co. at Katiwade village Ambyo Co. constructed a school & primary health sub centre & distributed a stationary & school uniform etc. in local Zilla Parishad School at Sheltoli village Shidarth Co. donated benches, projector, furniture etc. in local school at Shel village Benches given in balwadi & donation for construction of Temple at Asanpoi village Malak chemical Co. constructed a class rooms & Shrihari Co. constructed a school compound wall in local school at Temghar village

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Toilet & Bus Stop facility at Birwadi town Constructed a village gate & school building at Khaire Tarf Birwadi village At Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi (CT) Acqa Co. constructed school shed, Street Light facility is done by Pildilite Co., Sandash Co. constructed a Kitchen shed & Gantha Gadi given by Sudarshan Co.

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4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

Introduction

Any Organic Chemical manufacturing has various impacts during construction commissioning, operation phase and at end of project life on environmental parameters like land environment, water quality, air quality of surrounding area due to generation of solid, liquid, gaseous nonhazardous and hazardous wastes.

Identification of Impacts

Environmental impact identification is based on stage of project and the type, scale and location of proposed project activity. Environmental components that may be affected negatively and positively due to proposed activity are identified for construction and operation phase and presented below: Table 4.1 Environmental Aspects and Impacts of the Project Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Impact No. Aspect Type Severity 1.0 Construction of Emission to air (dust) Air Pollution Temporary buildings and Use of water, energy Natural resources, Temporary Erection of Plant and materials conservation Use of manpower Employment Temporary Hazardous and Land pollution Permanent nonhazardous Waste Disposal on land Cutting of Trees Biodiversity loss Temporary 2.0 Commissioning Use of water, energy Air Pollution Temporary and materials Use & storage of Safety, Temporary hazardous chemicals Occupational Hazards Waste Water Water Pollution Temporary discharge Hazardous and Land Pollution Temporary nonhazardous Waste Disposal on land 3.0 Operation Use of Water Natural Permanent resources/ conservation Wastewater discharge Water Pollution Permanent Hazardous and Land Pollution Permanent nonhazardous waste

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Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Impact No. Aspect Type Severity for disposal Use of manpower Employment Permanent Use of material, Air Pollution Permanent energy and resources Use & storage of Safety, Permanent materials Occupational Hazards Production of goods Revenue Permanent Generation Operation of Plant and Noise Pollution Permanent machinery 4.0 Closure and Stoppage of New Revenue & Permanent Decommissioning product employment loss Decommissioning Land pollution Permanent

Prediction of Impacts during Construction Phase and Mitigation Measures

Land Environment Anticipated Impacts Plant erection involves leveling of land and excavation. Solid waste generated will include demolition rubble, substratum removed during foundation, broken concrete, glass, bricks etc. and scrap iron pieces, insulation, packaging materials, plastic drums etc. Hazardous waste generated includes paint drums, glass wool insulation, asbestos pieces etc. Improper waste disposal can lead to unhygienic conditions and hazards to nearby populace and environment. Construction material (concrete, iron sheets, plant and machinery etc.) transport will lead to increase in number of vehicles plying on MIDC roads by about 4 – 5 nos/day. However existing service road is tarred by MIDC and hence no traffic congestion is expected. Mitigation Measures • Separate area will be earmarked for storage of solid wastes generated while hazardous wastes will be stored in covered area earmarked for the purpose. • Substratum removed during foundation, broken pieces of concrete, bricks will be given for leveling of nearby plots for other industries as directed by MIDC. • wastes like broken glass, plastic drum/ bags / iron scrap etc. will be sold to scrap dealers for recycle. • Waste paint cans, brushes and filters, glass wool material and asbestos packing will be stored separately and disposed of to CHWTSDF facility.

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• Separate space shall be earmarked for parking of construction trucks so that they do not clog MIDC road. Heavy material will be brought in during night time only.

Water Environment Anticipated Impacts Water (20 - 30 cmd) required will be supplied from MIDC supply line. About 100 - 150 workers from nearby villages/area will be employed during construction. Mitigation Measures • Temporary arrangement of clean drinking water will be provided for workers. • Toilets will be provided and connected to septic tanks discharging to soak pits.

Air Environment Anticipated Impacts Impact on air environment will be due to dust generation and will be highly localized and confined to plant boundaries. Also, there are no human settlement upto 300 m from site, hence expected impact will be localized and temporary in nature. Particulate emissions may cause occupational health like respiratory problems i.e. allergic asthma and watering of eyes etc. Mitigation Measures • Provision of PPE (dust masks, goggles) for onsite workers. • Screening of construction area at boundary with tin sheets • Periodic water sprinkling in the construction area.

Ecological & Biological Environment Anticipated Impacts There is no wild life sanctuary/national park located within study area. There is considerable agricultural fallow and urban area in study area. The proposed industry is in part of notified industrial area of additional Mahad MIDC. Construction phase for the establishment involves leveling, removal of herbaceous vegetation within plot, assembling of different components of plant etc. Species of existing herbs within plot that need to be cleared are found commonly in the region and does not have conservation concern. Clearing herbs does not pose significant impact on flora. No mass nesting was observed within site during site visit, owing construction activity there will be insignificant adverse impact on fauna also. Particulate emissions during construction will have some impact on trees located near construction site. However, since the particulate are non-toxic in nature and emission is temporary thus no serious impacts are considered.

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Mitigation Measures • Provide barriers around site with water sprinkling to reduce particulate dust generation • Plantation of trees around plant site boundary and on road sides adjoining plot.

Noise & Vibration Environment Anticipated Impacts Noise and vibrations will be generated in construction phase. The project site is part of MIDC and there is no human settlement in 300 m vicinity of the site, thus the noise generated will not have any major impact in the study area. As the phase of construction and plant erection will be of temporary nature, noise pollution will be confined to plant boundaries only. Mitigation Measures • Adequate PPE (ear muffs, ear plugs) for construction workers. • Adequate barrier will be provided to prevent noise propagation. • Use construction machinery meeting in EP Act norms for noise

Occupational Health and Safety Anticipated Impacts Health of workers may be affected due to dust and noise and possibility of accidents. Mitigation Measures • Adequate provision of PPE (helmets, safety shoes, harness, ear plugs, muffs, dust masks) for construction workers. • Insurance for construction workers and extending existing medical facilities to them.

Socio-economic Environment

Impacts on socio-economic environment due to proposed project during construction phase are envisaged due to direct and indirect employment which will be beneficial. Anticipated Impacts There will be temporary employment for about 100 – 150 persons over about 8 - 12 months. It will create business opportunities to suppliers of construction material, fabricators, manpower suppliers, civil contractors etc. Local labors will be employed during construction phase. Mitigation Measures • Engage local contractors for non specialized work • Provide adequate water supply and sanitation for onsite workers. • Employ local labors and youth for construction work

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Prediction of Impacts during Commissioning /Operation Phase and Mitigation Measures

Anticipated Impacts Impacts during commissioning/operation phase will be due to: Use of water: Fresh water requirement for plant operation will be ~ 355 cmd and will be sourced from MIDC. Similarly, electricity required will be sourced from MSEDCL. During commissioning phase the energy demands will be fluctuating as one by one the equipment/section will be commissioned. Use of materials, hazardous chemicals: Industry will be using Phosphorous pentasulphide, Ethanol, Methanol, Octanol, Butanol, isopropanol, N butanol, Pentanol, caustic soda, chlorine gas, ammonia gas, hydrogen gas, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, isophorone and many more chemicals at the site. Incorrect procedures followed during initial stages can lead to accidental exposure to employees, leakage of chemicals thereby polluting land, air and water bodies. Waste water generation during plant operation will result in estimated ~ 171 cmd of effluent. However, during commissioning phase risks of water pollution are enhanced since in plant pollution control facility such as effluent treatment plant will also be under commissioning and there might be shock load to effluent treatment plant. Waste generation: As the plant operation shall not be stabilized immediately, there is possibility of failed batches which will need to be stored and recycled and disposed safely so as not to cause land pollution.

Mitigation Measures

• PP has the technical competence to handle the chemicals and has extensive experience. • Proper training to employees in handling chemicals mentioned by hiring trained personnel well versed in handling such chemicals. • Personal supervision by senior executive staff and HSE staff to ensure that there is no shock load to Effluent treatment plant. Active support from technology supplier/R & D and Quality control staff to ensure that the plant process is stabilized as soon as possible to ensure that loads to ETP remain at the predicted levels. • Have a documented procedure to ensure waste generated during commissioning is collected separately, segregated and sent to CHWTSDF site. • Adequate storage for untreated and treated effluent

Innovative technological measures proposed to be adopted

• DCS/PLC controlled automated closed circuit process control will be provided. Due to advanced control system, with multiple check points where hazards are

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involved, and additional backup system to make the system fail safe, and the latest system adoption will ensure better control over process and mitigate any hazards. • Double Mechanical seals will be provided to all pressure reactors involving hazardous operation. All safety precaution will be taken to ensure safe operations. The use of Double mechanical seal helps in environment, plant, and personal safety, so that in case, one mechanical seal fails, there is no exposure of any hazardous gas to atmosphere, as the other seal takes over. The reactors are provided with safety valve and rupture disk, for safety purpose, and the vent of which will be collected in suitably sized enclosed vessel. • Interlocks will be provided at appropriate place for safety purpose. This interlocks help in ensuring plant, environment, human, and process safety. • Close loop process from unloading of Raw material to packing, no exposure to atmospheric condition, and to avoid any hazards. • Multi-Tier communication includes Walkie Talkie, Mobile phone, paging systems, and intercoms. Due to effective communication, action can be taken immediately when needed. • Smoke detectors, Gas detectors, safety showers, will be provided at appropriate and strategic locations. • Assembly point, safety evacuation, Mock drill, breathing apparatus to be provided at various locations for environmental safety and human safety.

Land Environment Anticipated Impacts Major concern in land environment during operation phase is contamination of land by: • Disposal of ETP sludge and MEE salts. • Spill and leak during transport, handling, storage activity of chemicals. • Spill of oil and greases during maintenance of equipment, machineries and vehicles. • Improper storage/dumping of hazardous wastes, resulting in leachate contaminating the soil. • Contaminated runoff from site and contaminated drain from storage areas of hazardous wastes and chemical storages, tanker loading/unloading areas draining to land. • Transportation in tanker or drums through national highway, which may have considerable impacts on environment of the area falling in the route of the transportation. During the incidence of major accident, the hazardous materials being transported can have serious impacts on land where on it spilled or leaked. Mitigation Measures • ETP sludge and MEE salts shall be disposed to CHWTSF facility

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• Production, maintenance area and warehouses for storage of raw materials, finished products and hazardous wastes will be provided with impervious flooring. • All bulk storage tanks will be provided with adequate dyke walls to prevent spreading of spill or leaked chemicals causing contamination of soil. • Necessary cleanup procedures (SOPs) for the specific area will be designed and implemented. • Used oil from machineries/equipment etc. will be collected in drums & stored in designated storage area. • ETP facilities for management of effluents will be provided as planned during erection and commissioning phase and untreated effluents will not be disposed of on land. • Bulk chemicals used will be transferred through closed pipelines by DCS/PLC control system to avoid/prevent spill/leak of the materials. • Hazardous waste management will be done as per statutory guidelines & requirements. ETP sludge generated will be dried in mechanical dewatering system and stored on sludge drying beds or kept in sacks in covered godowns, with impervious flooring sloping so that any leachate can be collected and taken back for treatment. • Empty Chemical drums will be decontaminated and reused/recycled or sent back to supplier or sold to MPCB authorized party. • All transportation of hazardous wastes will be done in closed truck/tanker by MPCB approved agencies • HAZMAT guidelines will be followed for transport of all hazardous materials. All required safety & emergency equipment & materials will be provided on the transport vehicles. • Proponent will maintain a good spill or leak control action plan to cope up with such incidents. • Monitoring of soil samples in areas near hazardous waste storage will be done as per Environmental monitoring plan. • No waste will be stored on open barren land under any condition

Water Environment Anticipated Impacts: Water use & Wastewater Generation As seen in chapter 2, the total water requirement during operation phase will be 506 cmd (For organic & Inorganic product’s facility) for domestic, process, cooling tower, and boiler and for green belt maintenance purpose for plant facility. The total effluent generation will be 171 cmd.

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Overall water balance will be as follows,

Figure 4.1 Overall water balance diagram Impacts on water resources may also occur as secondary impacts of soil contamination as well as runoff of contaminated water from premises resulted due to the spill/leak of hazardous chemicals or from leachates from hazardous waste storage areas. Mitigation Measures Water Environment Prasol is proposing to establish a full-fledged ETP facility having primary, secondary and tertiary treatment followed by RO & MEE, brief description of proposed system is given below. • Proposed effluent treatment system The proposed ETP will be designed to achieve “Zero Liquid Discharge”. Followings are the effluent streams will be generate from proposed manufacturing facility 1. Effluent stream 1: 15 cmd COD- 3,00,000 mg/l, TDS- 4,50,000 mg/l 2. Effluent stream 2: 40 cmd COD- 30,000 mg/l, TDS- 40,000 mg/l 3. Effluent stream 3: 30 cmd COD- 5,000 mg/l, TDS- 10,000 mg/l

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4. Effluent stream 4: 15 cmd COD- 5,000 mg/l, TDS- 5,000 mg/l 5. Effluent stream 5: 70 cmd COD- 500 mg/l, TDS- 3500 mg/l Treatment scheme is as below: • Effluent will be segregate as per Low COD/ TDS & High COD/ TDS. • High COD/ TDS effluent streams will be sent to Filoteration tank after Neutralization. Sludge from filteration will be send to CHWTSDF for disposal. • After filtration, effluent will be send to MEE & ATFD. Permeate from MEE & ATFD treatment will be send for Aerobic treatment. Sludge/ residue from reject stream of MEE & ATFD will be send to CHWTSDF for disposal. • Domestic effluent will be added in Aeration tank alongwith permeate stream of MEE & ATFD for biological treatment. After Biological treatment effluent will be send to clarifier. Active biological sludge from clarifir is send back to aeration tank to maintain MLSS & excess will be disposed off to CHWTSDF facility. • After secondary clarifier effluent passed through chlorination tank followed by Pressure sand filter/ Activated carbon filter. • Low COD/ TDS effluent will be treated in separate mixing tank with addition of Na2CO3 & Alum. Effluent will be passed through Multi grade sand filter to remove suspended solids from effluent. • The filtered effluent will be send to RO plant to remove dissolved solids. RO reject stream will be send back to MEE. • Treated effluent will be stored in Final storage tank & recycle back for gardening/ cooling tower makeup.

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Proposed effluent flow diagram is depicted below,

Figure 4.2 Proposed effluent treatment flow scheme Table 4.2 List of Major ETP Unit (for Inorganic effluent) Sr. Unit Description Dimensions Effective Retention No. volume time 1 Utility Effluent Collection Tank - RCC 5M x 5M x 4M 100 cum 18 Hrs. 2 R O Product Water Tank - RCC 5M x 4M x 2.5M 50 cum 24 Hrs. 3 R O Reject Water Tank - RCC 2M x 2M x 1 4 cum 16 Hrs. 4 Flash Mix Reaction Tank [ PP/ FRP] 1M Dia. x 1M Ht. 1000 Lit 15 min 5 Multi Grade Sand Filter 1.5M Dia. x 2.0M Filtration Flow Velocity HOS Area:1 sq m 6.3M3/M2xHr. 6 Dosing Tanks (12 No) 1M x 1M x 1M 1 cum 15 min 7 Sludge Collection Tanks (2 No) 1M x 1M x1M 1 cum 2 Hrs. 8 UF Module - 2.5 cum/Hr. - 9 RO Module - 2.5 cum/Hr. - Table 4.3 List of Major ETP Unit (for Organic effluent)

Pump Diameter, S.No. Name of Equipment MOC Capacity Head, Height, mm mm MLC 1 Lime slurry preparation tank-1 PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2400+1200 Cone

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2 Lime slurry preparation tank-1 CI 20 M3/Hr 15 pump 3 Lime slurry preparation tank-2 PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2400+1200 Cone 4 Lime slurry preparation tank-2 CI 20 M3/Hr 15 pump 5 Lime slurry storage tank PP/FRP 15 KL 2700 2400+1200 Cone 6 Lime slurry storage tank pump CI 20 M3/Hr 15 7 Mixed Aquous Effluent Storage PP/FRP 15 KL 2000 5000 8 Mixed Aquous Effluent transfer PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 pump 9 Mixed Aquous Effluent PP/FRP 11 KL 1600 2400+1200 Neutralisation tank Cone 10 Mixed Aquous Effluent PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 Neutralisation tank pump 11 Sulphur water Effluent Storage PP/FRP 35 KL 3000 5000 12 Sulphur Water Effluent transfer PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 pump 13 Sulphur water Effluent PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2400+1200 Neutralisation tank Cone 14 Sulphur water Effluent PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 Neutralisation tank pump 15 Sulphur water neutralised effluent PP/FRP 15 KL 2000 5000 storage tank 16 Sulphur water neutralised effluent PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 storage tank pump 17 Dilute Effluent Storage PP/FRP 35 KL 3000 5000 18 Dilute Effluent transfer pump PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 19 Dilute Effluent Neutralisation tank PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2400+1200 Cone 20 Dilute Effluent Neutralisation tank PVDF 20 M3/Hr pump 21 Floorwash Effluent Storage PP/FRP 15 KL 2000 5000 22 Floorwash Effluent transfer pump PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 23 Floorwash Effluent Neutralisation PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2400+1200 tank Cone 24 Floorwash Effluent Neutralisation PVDF 20 M3/Hr 15 tank pump 25 Filter press PP/FRP 1000 Kg/Hr 26 Filtrate storage tank PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2500 27 Filtrate storage tank pump CI 10 M3/Hr 28 Filtrate storage day tank PP/FRP 20 KL 2000 5000 29 Filtrate storage day tank pump CI 5 M3/Hr 30 Sedimentation Tank RCC 60 KL 6000 x 4000 x 2500 31 Sedimentation Tank bottom sludge MS 5 M3/Hr 15 pump 32 Sedimentation Tank bottom sludge RCC 5 KL 1600 2500 tank 33 Sedimentation Tank bottom sludge CI 5 M3/Hr 15 tank pump 34 Poly electrolyte solution PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2500 preparation tank 35 Poly electrolyte solution CI 5 M3/Hr 15 preparation tank pump 36 MEE feed storage tank PP/FRP 15 KL 2000 5000

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37 MEE feed storage tank pump CI 5 M3/Hr 30 38 MEE package SS 60 M3/day Package 39 MEE distillate tank - 1 RCC 75 KL 6000 x 4000 x 3200 40 MEE distillate tank - 1 pump CI 5 M3/Hr 15 41 MEE distillate tank - 2 RCC 75 KL 6000 x 4000 x 3200 42 MEE distillate tank - 2 pump CI 5 M3/Hr 15 43 Areration Basin - 1 RCC 500 KL 17000 x 6000 x 5000 44 Areration Basin Clarifier - 1 RCC 60 KL 6000 x 4000 x 2500 45 Areration Basin Clarifier - 1 CI 5 M3/Hr 15 bottoms pump 46 Areration Basin - 2 RCC 300 KL 10000 x 6000 x 5000 47 Areration Basin Clarifier - 2 RCC 60 KL 6000 x 4000 x 2500 48 Areration Basin Clarifier - 2 CI 5 M3/Hr 15 bottoms pump 49 Clarifier sludge Filter press PP/FRP 500 Kg/hr 50 Clarifier sludge Filter press tank PP/FRP 5 KL 1600 2500 51 Clarifier sludge Filter press tank CI 5 M3/Hr 15 pump 52 Polishing Aeration Tank RCC 20 KL 3000 x 3000 x 2500 53 Treated Effluent Storage Tank RCC 20 KL 3000 x 3000 x 2500 54 Treated Effluent Storage Tank CI 5 M3/Hr 15 pump 55 Chlorination tank RCC 10 KL 2500 x 3000 x 1500 56 Chlorination tank pump CI 5 M3/Hr 30 57 Chlorinator Package 58 Sand filter MS 5 M3/Hr Package 59 Carbon filter MS 5 M3/Hr Package 60 Final effluent storage tank-1 RCC 30 KL 3500 x 3500 x 2500 61 Final effluent storage tank-1 pump CI 5 M3/Hr 30 62 Final effluent storage tank-2 RCC 30 KL 3500 x 3500 x 2500 63 Final effluent storage tank-1 pump CI 5 M3/Hr 30

Air Environment

Impact on air environment is anticipated due to installation of proposed boilers. The boilers will operate on coal. Provision shall be made for furnace oil firing in case of non- availability of coal. Fuel Requirement- Proposed Fuel requirement for proposed Boilers shall be as follows: (There are 2 boilers proposed at site, one for inorganic products and other for organic products each of 10 TPH steam capacity) Table 4.4 Fuel Requirements Capacity Fuel requirement Boilers (2 x 10 TPH capacity steam) 2 x 60 TPD coal or 2 x 18 KLPD Furnace oil

Quantitative Assessment of Impacts due Fuel Burning Impact on air environment is estimated based on furnace oil as fuel as it has more potential Sulphur dioxide as compared to coal (worst case scenario).

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Impact on air environment is not considered due to DG sets operations as it will be operated in emergency situation only and normally will not be in service. Impact on air environment is anticipated due to emissions from fuel burning (FO) leading to emission of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and NOx. The proponent is proposing to provide adequate stack height as prescribed by CPCB norms to Boilers for effective dispersion of SO2, TPM and NOx due to fuel burning. These emissions may cause occupational health impact on site and study area like respiratory problems i.e. allergic asthma and watering of eyes, necrosis of plant tissues and fruits due to acid rain and finally reduced yield etc. Impacts of these emissions can be reduced by providing stack of sufficient height and other measures and by use of PPE on site. Details of stacks proposed for boilers are given in table below: Table 4.5 Air Pollution Sources: Proposed Operations Proposed Stack Unit 1 2 Attached to - Boiler 1 Boiler 2 Capacity Ton/Hr 10 10 Fuel type - Furnace oil Furnace oil Fuel quantity kg/hr 750 750 Shape (round/rectangular) - Round Round Height, m (above ground level) meter 46 46 Diameter/size, in meters at top meter 0.7 0.7 Flue Gas quantity Nm3/hr 9988 9988 Flue Gas temperature Deg C 150 150 Flue gas exit velocity meter/sec 11.17 11.17 Particulate Matter emission grams/sec 0.416 0.416

SO2 emission grams/sec 14.583 14.583 NOx emission grams/sec 0.743 0.743 Stack height, Stack height, Proposed Air pollution control cyclone separator cyclone separator - device followed by bag followed by bag filter filter Stack height calculation for Boiler (as per CPCB guidelines) Fuel consumption (Furnace oil) = 750 kg/hr Sulphur content in furnace oil = 3.5 % Sulphur oxide generation= (750) x (3.5/100) x (2) = 52.5 kg/hr Minimum stack height = 14 x (52.5)^0.3 = 46 meters Note: Normally Boilers will be operated on Coal.

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Modeling Studies to Predict Magnitude of Impact on Air Quality from proposed activity In order to compute air quality impacts due to proposed additional sources, dispersion modeling studies were carried out using the AERMOD model , assumptions of which are as given below: • Steady state conditions & uniform emission rates • No removal/ transformation of pollutants • Pollutant material • Averaging time 24 hours The AERMOD is steady state advanced Gaussian plume model that simulates air quality and deposition fields up to 50 km radius. It is an advanced version of Industrial Source Complex (ISCST3) model, utilizes similar input and output structure to ISCST3 sharing many of the same features, as well as offering additional features. The model is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases and multiple sources including point, area, flare, line and volume sources. AERMOD is approved by USEPA and is widely used software for air dispersion modelling studies. For prediction of maximum Ground Level Concentrations (GLC’s), the air dispersion modelling software, AERMOD have been used. Model overview The AERMOD model features include: • The ability to model dispersion of primary pollutants, toxic and hazardous waste pollutants; • The ability to handle multiple sources in an industrial complex (point, area, volume and pit types) with no buildings or single or multiple buildings with building downwash; • Constant or time-varying emissions; • Gas and particle depositions; • Concentration estimates for all terrain locations, except in lee areas; • Predictions at distances up to 50 km from the source; • Specification of receptors locations as gridded and/or discrete receptors in Cartesian or polar coordinates; and • Use of real-time meteorological data to account for the atmospheric conditions that affect the dispersion of air pollutants. Dispersion modelling using AERMOD requires hourly site specific meteorological data which include wind direction, wind speed, temperature etc. AERMET is integral

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 150 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 4 –Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation measures software of AERMOD. AERMET provides a general purpose meteorological pre- processor for organizing available meteorological data into a format suitable for use by the AERMOD air quality dispersion model. Site specific data is used for executing current modelling studies. The site specific meteorological data is processed using AERMET processor and resultant output (pfl file) is used for air pollutant modelling study. Model Set up The model set-up details are presented in Table below. # Parameter Details 1 Model Name AERMOD 2 Model Type Steady state Gaussian Plume Air Dispersion model 3 Topography Flat 4 Averaging Time 24 hours 5 Source Type Point Source 6 Boundary Limits 10 km X 10 km 7 Co-ordinate System Uniform Polar Grid 8 Receptor Height 2 m 9 Surface meteorological data Pre-processed from Site Data 10 Upper air Data Pre-processed from Site Data 11 Anemometer Height 10 m Site specific meteorological data for a period of three months (March, April & May 2017) has been processed using AERMET. Site specific wind rose generated is shown in Figure below. As per the wind rose, it can be observed that the predominant wind direction is North west & North.

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Figure 4.3 Windrose – Summer 2017

Emission rates considered for modeling of SO2, NOx and PM10 are given in table above. Results The model simulations have been carried out to evaluate the pollutant emissions from the project that are likely to contribute to the ambient air environment. For the short- term simulations, the concentrations were estimated and evaluated to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site within 10 km radius covering all the directions. The predicted results for pollutants are presented in Table below and isopleths showing the incremental concentrations are presented in Figures below. Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of Pollutants are summarized in the table below: Table 4.6 Top 10 incremental concentrations

Highe X Coordinate Y Coordinate PM10, SO2, NOx, st (UTM) (UTM) Concentration Concentratio Concentration Values mts mts in µg/m3 n in µg/m3 in µg/m3 1st 345824 2002296 0.1 2.6 0.1 2nd 345806 2002395 0.1 2.6 0.1

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3rd 345841 2002198 0.1 2.6 0.1 4th 345789 2002493 0.1 2.6 0.1 5th 345859 2002099 0.1 2.6 0.1 6th 345772 2002592 0.1 2.5 0.1 7th 345876 2002001 0.1 2.5 0.1 8th 345893 2002903 0.1 2.5 0.1 9th 345910 2002804 0.1 2.5 0.1 10th 345928 2002706 0.1 2.5 0.1 The concentration of incremental GLC is added to the baseline concentration at locations in the study area to indicate predicted the ground level concentrations.

Modelling Impacts on PM10 Based on the modeling results, isopleths for incremental increase in concentrations for PM10 were drawn and are shown below:

Figure 4.4 Isopleths Impacts for PM10 Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of PM occurs at coordinates in the South direction at a distance of 2500 m and the incremental increase is 0.10 µg/m3.

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The maximum concentration of GLC is added to the baseline concentration at locations in monitoring areas in the study area to indicate the predicted ground level concentrations in worst case scenario.

Table 4.7 Prediction of GLC of PM10 AAQM location Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* value (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) MIDC 65.7 0.1 65.8 100 Padvi 58.9 0.1 59.0 100 Solamkond 61.2 0.1 61.3 100 Barasgaon 55.5 0.1 55.6 100 Bhave 52.4 0.1 52.5 100 Birwadi 64.0 0.1 64.1 100 Amshet 64.1 0.1 64.2 100 Warandh 61.7 0.1 61.8 100 (*) Norms specified by Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi vide Gazzette Notification dated 16th November 2009.

Modelling Impacts on SO2 Based on the modeling results, isopleths for incremental increase in concentrations for SO2 were drawn and are shown below using aerial view of the site using google earth which is shown below:

Figure 4.5 Isopleths of SO2

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Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of SO2 occurs at coordinates in the South direction at a distance of 2500 m from site and the incremental increase is 2.6 µg/m3. The maximum concentration of GLC is added to the baseline concentration at locations in monitoring areas in the study area to indicate the predicted ground level concentrations in worst case scenario. Table 4.8 Prediction of GLC of SO2 AAQM location Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* value (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) MIDC 12.1 2.6 14.7 80 Padvi 12.0 2.6 14.6 80 Solamkond 11.5 2.6 14.1 80 Barasgaon 11.5 2.6 14.1 80 Bhave 11.3 2.6 13.9 80 Birwadi 11.5 2.6 14.1 80 Amshet 11.0 2.6 13.6 80 Warandh 12.2 2.6 14.8 80 (*) Norms specified by Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi vide Gazzette Notification dated 16th November 2009. Modelling Impacts on NOx Based on the modeling results, isopleths for NOx were drawn and were superimposed on an aerial view of the site using maps from Google Earth which is shown in the figure below:

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Figure 4.6 Isopleths of NOx Based on the modeling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of NOx occurs at coordinates in the South at a distance of 2500 m and the incremental increase is 0.1 µg/m3. The maximum concentration of GLC is added to the baseline concentration at locations in monitoring areas in the study area to indicate the predicted ground level concentrations in worst case scenario. Table 4.9 Prediction of GLC of NOx AAQM location Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* value (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) MIDC 14.8 0.1 14.9 80 Padvi 15.0 0.1 15.1 80 Solamkond 15.1 0.1 15.2 80 Barasgaon 14.9 0.1 15.0 80 Bhave 15.0 0.1 15.1 80 Birwadi 13.8 0.1 13.9 80

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AAQM location Back Ground Predicted GLC Net Impact Norms* value (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) (µg/cum) Amshet 14.1 0.1 14.2 80 Warandh 14.1 0.1 14.2 80 (*) Norms specified by Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi vide Gazette Notification dated 16th November 2009. Observations from dispersion modeling studies From the dispersion modeling studies conducted, it is observed that the maximum ground level concentration occurs in the west direction. It is concluded that the predicted incremental increase will have negligible impact on the air environment. Other Air Pollution Impacts 1. VOC Emissions from Process: The chemicals being proposed for manufacture are inorganic and organic chemicals and will lead to increased emissions of volatile organic chemicals during handling, storage and from process and emergency vents. VOCs are harmful to human health and cause secondary air pollutants on emission into atmosphere. This will lead to increased odor nuisance for neighboring populace and industrial environment. Mitigation Measures Following mitigation measures are planned and suggested in view of air environment during operation phase: 1. Controlling VOC emissions: • Transportation must be done in closed approved vehicles only. All safety & control measures shall be provided to prevent spill, leak and accident during transportation. • All transport vehicles must comply with HAZMAT guidelines & statutory requirements. • It is essential that best practicable control measures and practices are introduced to control VOC emissions from plant. This shall include: • Providing vent condensers to control VOC emissions - Ensure that cooling water/chilled water supply to the condensers is always maintained by providing standby pumps and DG power - Having a preventive maintenance program - Providing mechanical seals on agitators, pumps, etc. - Training for staff in fitting out seals, packings etc. so as to ensure that they are properly fitted and do not “leak” 2. General:

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Provide green belt all around the factory to ensure that site is screened from surroundings and air impacts are reduced. Process Emission Major emission from process is the hydrogen sulfide generated during acid preparation (ZDDP plant). Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic & flammable gas & needs to be properly controlled else it will result in impacting health of workers & nearby populace.

Examination of the process steps shows that there is continuous H2S generation at about 10 kg/hour from process. In addition, Nitrogen is blown through the reactor contents to remove traces of all hydrogen sulfide. This is done to ensure complete removal of Hydrogen sulfide from the reactor hold-up and so that the maintenance crew is not exposed to this gas. Thus, the scrubber system and scrubber should be adequately designed for treating process emissions and emissions during Nitrogen blowing.

Scrubber Process

1. The H2S generated during acid preparation and nitrogen blowing will be absorbed in a two stage caustic scrubber system. 2. Both the stages of the scrubber system will have a SS 304 column above packed with SS 304 packings. 3. Initially 20 % caustic solution will be prepared and fed to both the stages 4. H2S gas coming released from the reaction will be fed into the 1st stage for scrubbing and then subsequently pass through the second stage. 5. Circulation in both the stages is to be kept ON and discharge of pump should enter at the top of the vessel. The scrubbers are to be periodically checked for NaHS concentration. 6. Once NAHS concentration in the 1st stage reaches 32% the NaHS solution is to be sent for drumming. The content from the second stage is to be transferred to the second stage and fresh 20% caustic solution is to be fed to the second stage.

Hydrogen sulfide gas readily dissolves in caustic solutions due to its solubility at high pH or “caustic pH” conditions, typically above pH 10-12. It can be released from solution as a gas easily when the solution is disturbed or the pH is lowered. Thus, close control and watch over the concentration of caustic and immediate replenishment with fresh caustic is necessary to prevent episodal emissions. Also, considering toxicity of the gas and presence of school nearby, utmost care in designing systems with reduced redundancies is essential. The product from wet scrubber which is sodium hydrogen sulfide will be sold. Any change in the disposal strategy may affect the nearby environment and hence should not be resorted to without due introspection. Regular monitoring, preventive and operational maintenance of air pollution control systems is necessary to ensure that emission levels are within norms laid down by MPCB.

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The chemicals being proposed for manufacture are organic chemicals and will lead to increased emissions of volatile organic chemicals during handling storage and from emergency vents. This will lead to increased odor nuisance for neighboring populace. Scrubber System for CL2/HCl and SO2, ammonia will be installed so as to achieve statutory emission norms of the respective components.

Noise & Vibration Environment

Anticipated Impacts

Noise & vibrations generated from the equipment & machineries including pumps, motors, blowers etc. will add to occupational noise level, exposing on site workers to hearing loss The project is part of MIDC and around 300 m away from nearest village. Thus, impacts of the noise sources of the project will be restricted within the premises only and will be within the prescribed norms of industrial area as well as occupational exposure.

Mitigation Measures

• Low noise generating equipment and working methods for production unit shall be selected to reduce noise generation in plant areas. • Proper mounting of equipment & machinery on strong non-vibrating foundation & fitted by proper shunting & rubber padding to avoid vibration and thereby noise. • Provision of ear protection equipment (ear plug/ ear muff) for activities that are likely to create noise in excess of 75 dB (A) to protect worker’s health and safety. • Undertake in plant audit to identify high noise level generating equipment • Preventive maintenance including regular lubrication of machineries and equipment to reduce noise level • Static & dynamic balancing of all rotating equipment & machineries shall be done on regular basis starting from the installation time to reduce the vibration & noise. • Regular noise monitoring shall be done as per environment monitoring plan chapter 6 • The impacts of noise on occupational health would be mitigated by proper shift timing & annual audiological checkup of concern employees. Workers showing hearing loss, if any, will be shifted to other less noisy areas. • Dense Greenbelt development around the noise source area and along the boundary of premises shall be done.

Ecological & Biological Environment

The impacts during operation phase of the establishment are mentioned below:

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Anticipated Impacts Operation phase involves transportation of raw material, work force and finished goods; operation of machineries etc. this leads to increase in noise levels at site; however industrial area has several other noise sources, which overall establishes background noise level for MIDC area.

Propose project activity envisage insignificant adverse impact on fauna due to noise generation. Gaseous and particulate matter emission from stacks and other process related sources are predicted to increase levels of particulate matters, SO2 & NOx.

Threshold limit of SO2 for sensitive species is 1820 µg/m3 for 1 hour exposure. Visible injury caused in the form of development of interveinal necrotic blotches. Similarly, threshold limit of NOx for sensitive species is 38000 µg/m3 for 1 hour exposure. Visible injury is seen same as in case of SO2.

Considering baseline environmental conditions, air dispersion modeling has been done, which indicates, incremental concentrations of gaseous pollutants together with existing baseline concentrations are lower than threshold limit specified in CPCB publication, March 2000 for Green belt Development. Operation phase of project activity envisage insignificant adverse impact on flora and fauna, provided suitable pollution control equipment’s are efficiently working.

Mitigation Measures

Impacts of proposed establishment of organic chemicals at Prasol are discussed in earlier chapter; these impacts can be minimized by adopting following mitigation measures. For particulate and noise abatement, two rows of trees will be planted all around the boundary of site. Green belt will be developed in two levels i.e. tall, native and evergreen broad leaved species towards outer periphery whereas dwarf and native species towards inner side of it. This arrangement provides better screening effect. Objectives and principles of green belt development are listed below. In practice, green belt will be developed in consultation with horticulture expert, as per available species nearby. Indicative species list for green belt is given in Tables below. Objectives of Green belt development • Partial check on air pollution • Partial check on noise level • Increase in esthetic value of surrounding • Indirect partial help to maintain biodiversity Principles of Green belt development - Green belt will be composed of native species

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- Species will be suitable for agro-climatic zone - Species will be selected according to soil type, climate, rain fall etc. - Taller plants will be planted towards outer periphery - Shorter plants will be planted towards inner periphery - Evergreen species will be selected as far as possible to have least litter fall - Plant will be tolerant to air pollution - Green belt will have indicator species with respect to air pollution - Species may have quick growing ability

There shall be monitory provision made for development of green belt. Plantation of species must be started prior to commencement of construction phase. There shall be separate monitory provision made for maintenance of green belt. A horticulture officer and gardener shall be appointed for the same. Maintenance shall include watering and manuring plats at appropriate time, weeding out unwanted plants, cleaning, replacing wilted/died plants etc.

Polyalthia longifolia and Millingtonia hortensis are sensitive species. Therefore these species will be planted as a part of green belt and serves as indicator for concentration of gaseous pollutants emitted from stack. Area proposed under green belt is about 14900 sq.m. Refer lay out plan presented in Annexure 2.1. In operation phase, once in three years monitoring will be conducted & same will be followed during operation phase. Reports prepared based on monitoring, primary surveys will be conserved as record and made available on demand. Monitoring will be conducted by QCI-NABET approved Functional Area Expert for Ecology & Biodiversity or department of Botany/Zoology, Mumbai University or officials of forest department. Table 4.10 Suggested Species for Green Belt – Outer pheriphery Sr. Scientific Height Growth Evergreen/ Crown Common name No. name (m) rate Deciduous Shape Anona Fast 1. Custard apple 10 Evergreen Round squamosa Growing Mimusops Fast Oblong/ 2. Bakuli 10 Evergreen elengi Growing Round Lagerstroemia Queen Crape Fast 3. 10 Evergreen Oblong speciosa Myrtle Growing Polyalthia Fast Conical/ 4. Ashok 10 Evergreen longifolia Growing Rounded Fast 5. Careya arborea Kumbhi 8 Evergreen Spreading Growing Mangifera Fast Round/ 6. Mango 15 Evergreen indica Growing oblong 7. Ficus Umber 15 Fast Evergreen Spreading

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glomerata Growing Hardwickia Fast 8. Anjan 8 Evergreen Spreading binata Growing Fast Round/ 9. Aegle marmelos Bel 10 Evergreen Growing oblong Feronia Fast Round/ 10. Kawath 12 Evergreen elephantum Growing oblong Azadirachta Fast 11. Neem 8 Evergreen Spreading indica Growing Cochlospermum Fast 12. Ganeri 10 Evergreen Spreading religiosum Growing Holoptelea Ainsadada/ Fast 13. 10 Evergreen Spreading integrifolia Vavla Growing Balaniles Fast 14. Hinganbet/Hingu 10 Evergreen Spreading roxburghii Growing

Table 4.11 Suggested Species for Green Belt – Inner pheriphery Sr. Scientific Common Height Growth Evergreen/ Crown No. name name (m) rate Deciduous Shape Helicteris Murad Fast Round/ 1. 5 Evergreen isora sheng Growing oblong Gymnosporia Fast 2. Henkal 3 Evergreen Spreading montana Growing Holarrhena Pandhra- Fast 3. 3 Evergreen Oblong puboscens Kuda Growing Bauhinia Butterfly Fast 4. 7 Deciduous Oblong purpurea Tree Growing Bauhinia Fast 5. Astha 5 Deciduous Oblong racemosa Growing Gardenia Fast 6. Anant 5 Evergreen Oblong jasminoides Growing Hibiscus rosa- Chinese Fast Round/ 7. 3 Evergreen sinensis Hibiscus Growing oblong Nyctanthus Fast Oblong/ 8. Parijatak 5 Deciduous arbor-tristis Growing Round Psidium Fast 9. Guava tree 5 Evergreen Oblong guava Growing Calycopteris Fast 10. Ukshi 3 Evergreen Spreading floribunda Growing

Traffic Management After proposed establishment, average 10 to 15 trucks/Tankers are envisaged on a daily basis for transportation of raw material and finished product.

As, discussed earlier, Prasol will develop good network of internal peripheral roads in the plots for the safety and access requirements to various buildings/warehouse/plants/ emergency services.

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Moreover, the project site is located in a well-developed additional Mahad MIDC with necessary infrastructure facilities.

The access roads to the plant premises are well developed and maintained throughout the year. Also, additional MIDC Mahad is well connected with road and rail, Therefore traffic increased due to the project will not be an issue.

However, as a part of EIA study the EMP for traffic management is presented in the following table, Table 4.12 Traffic management plan Objective To ensure that there is smooth traffic within and outside the facility for the duration of the construction phase and operation phase Concern Trucks, tankers and other vehicles may cause traffic jam outside and within the premises / accident. Impacting Mitigation Location and Responsibility Monitoring activity measure timing Vehicular Controlled Within and Contractor/ Security-in movement vehicular immediately Project charge and movement outside the site Manager security team (preferably - during with Construction & construction clearly operation phase. demarcated Phase entry/exit) Security and with concerned adequate departments supervision during operation phase. Vehicular Demarcation of Within the site Contractor/ Security team movement separate - Project vehicular lanes Construction & Manager and pedestrian operation during routes Phase construction Security and phase. concerned departments during operation phase. Vehicular Vehicle entry Within and Contractor/ Security-in movement and exit immediately Project charge and scheduling so outside the side Manager security team that traffic - during congestion is Construction & construction not created on operation phase. the external phase

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road leading to Security and the site concerned head of department during operation Phase.

Solid and Hazardous Waste Anticipated Impacts During operation phase, following nonhazardous and hazardous waste generation is expected. Waste if not stored properly may cause short term, temporary impact on the environment, particularly during monsoon season due leachate formation. Hazardous waste generation quantities from existing and proposed operation are as follows: Table 4.13 Non hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Proposed Sr Type of Waste For inorganic For Total UOM Mode of No products(*) Organic Disposal products 1 Iron, Glass, 6 - 6 TPA Sale to Plastic scrap, authorized glass wool etc. party 2 Coal Ash 1 11 12 TPD Sale to brick manufacturer/ Landfill 3 Ion Exchange - 1.5 1.5 TPA Landfill Resins (DM (CHWTSDF) Plant / Other Plant) 4 Sand from - 10 10 TPA Landfill Water Filtration (CHWTSDF) 5 Used Cotton - 5000 5000 Pairs/Y Landfill Hand gloves ear (CHWTSDF) 6 Miscellaneous - 0.75 0.75 TPA Sale to (Rubber & Authorized Teflon Parties / Gasket/Packing/ Landfill Transmission Belt /V-Belts / Packing, PP /FRP/ material, suction air filter of compressor/ packing (*) Consent to Establish dated 30th June 2017

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Table 4.14 Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Proposed Sr Type of Categor For For Total UOM Mode of N Waste y inorganic Organic Disposal o products(* product ) s Schedule I 1 Distillation 36.1 - 1000 1000 TPA Disposal to Residue MWML / Sale to Authorized party 2 Residue 29.2 - 85 85 TPA Disposal to from ZDDP MWML / Sale manufactur to Authorized e party 3 Chemical 35.3 30 200 230 TPA Disposal to sludge from MWML waste water treatment 4 Used Oil 5.1 2 15 17 KLPA Sale to Authorized party/Recycle r 5 Spent 28.2 - 10 10 TPA Disposal to Catalyst MWML / Sale to Authorized party 6 Used Empty 33.1 6000 5000 11000 Nos/Y Sale to Barrels / ear Authorized Liners party Schedule II 7 Halogen B30 50 - 50 TPA CHWTSDF containing compounds 8 Sulphides C -13 36 - 36 TPA CHWTSDF (*) Consent to Establish dated 30th June 2017 Hazardous Wastes will be stored in impervious lining/flooring in covered shed. The dewatered sludge from filter press will be stored in bags and will be stored in shed and then disposed of to Common Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility (CHWTSDF) periodically through trucks owned by MPCB authorized contractors or sold to MPCB authorized recyclers. No impacts are envisaged on the 10 km surrounding study area in case above disposal methodologies are adhered to. However, close monitoring and control over waste disposal contractors/transporters by use of manifest system is essential to ensure that the waste reaches the designated waste disposal site and is not dumped in undesignated areas impacting agricultural areas, soil and ground water adversely.

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Mitigation Measures • Adequate use of PPE for onsite workers. • Disposal through authorized recycler/ re-processor or to designated CHWTSDF site • Follow of Manifest system scrupulously to ensure waste reaches designated site • Disposal through MPCB authorized transport contractor • Waste storage in designated covered area having impervious flooring and epoxy lining wherever necessary • Maintenance of records as required under HW Rules 2016

Occupational Health and Safety Anticipated Impacts The proposed project involves use of hazardous chemicals as per MSIHC Rules, 2000 having fire and toxic hazards. Phosphorus pentasulphide, methanol, ethanol, octanol, isobutanol, Chlorine gas, Ammonia gas, Hydrogen gas, Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, isophorone, etc., are of major concern for impacts on occupational health. Continuous exposure of employee to the chemical beyond permissible limit (TWA/TLV) may result in acute or chronic toxic or lethal effects. A detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for the proposed project is conducted and it is noticed that the hazardous condition causing serious effects on occupational health may occur only during the catastrophic incident as described in Chapter 7 Additional Studies. However, minor continuous exposure to toxic chemicals may lead to health issue in long term. Hence, it is necessary to monitor the health status of all employees on regular basis. Further, impacts on occupational health may also occur due to works like manual lifting of heavy good, continuous working in single position, working in improper ergonomic conditions etc. Such condition or operations may lead to health problems like back ache etc. Considering these, proponent plans for closed automated transfer system for major raw materials as well as forklift & trolley for other handlings. Mitigation Measures • Proponent will make efforts to get & implement the ISO 9001, ISO14001 and ISO 18001 for this site. • Provision of facilities like safe drinking water & dining rooms etc. and good sanitation including proper waste disposal. • Isolation of drinking water & refreshment area including canteen etc. away from the area of hazardous materials storage & handling. • Chemical Safety Booklet/Documents for hazardous chemicals will be prepared and made available well before commissioning to all employees handling the chemicals. • Strict Prohibition of edibles & potables in the area of hazardous materials storage & handling.

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• Strict Prohibition of match box, lighters, and clothes having potential of static charges as well as smoking in plant & storage area. • Proponent will ensure implementation of Emergency action plan including on- site & off-site emergency management plan. • Proponent undertakes to do regular safety audit and necessary improvement suggested by auditor will be done on regular basis as required. • Necessary emergency facilities including firefighting equipment, medical facilities, evacuation facilities etc. will be provided within premises. • Properly designed & designated storage area and provision of good handling equipment and procedures will be ensured before commissioning. • Proper shift planning of workers exposed to hazard prone areas to manage the total exposure level as per stipulated standards & / or statutory norms. • Company will train a group of employee for comprehensive first-aid and basic fire-fighting training and ensure trained staff availability in all three shifts. • Mechanical handling system will be provided wherever feasible to reduce the stress of pulling -pushing and lifting. • Ergonomic design of all facilities wherever possible (e.g. chairs, tables, working platforms, self and position & height of display screens & panel etc.). • Management will provide all necessary PPEs, safety tools, equipment/tackles to ensure healthy & safe work conditions. • Workplace monitoring will be carried out on regular basis and corrective actions initiated as needed • Necessary training programs & audit will be done on regular basis to improve workplace condition & provide safe work system. • Company will continue to undertake Pre employment medical checkup and Periodic medical examination (once in a year) and will maintain records in Form No-32 & 33 as per Factories Act. • PFT & LFT test will be carried out during pre-placement and periodical examination considering the toxic effects of various chemicals handled. • Company will follow all statutory guidelines related with occupational health & safety. • Safety committee will be to ensure worker participation • Sample template for maintaining health records is as given below

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Figure 4.7 Sample template for Occupational health of the workers

Socio-economic Environment Anticipated Impacts ❖ Working population in study area is depended on both agricultural & industrial labor work but non-worker population is still high in the region so proposed activities will be beneficial it will be provide employment to about 150 people as direct and indirect employment. Prasol will recruit local population as far as possible considering their skills & suitability which may help to improve the quality of life of the recruited people in the study area. ❖ Untreated wastes of industries may be the main sources of water pollution which would be harmful for environment & public health. ❖ Health of the natives may get affected because of exposure to air pollutants generated from industries can cause headache, eye irritation, skin allergies, chest pain, respiratory problems (such as, asthma, shortness of breath, allergic reaction that interference with breathing, cough and wheezing) and lung problems when the air is polluted.

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❖ Existing infrastructure facilities are the base of proposed establishment activity since MIDC has provided all basic infrastructures like electrical power, water supply, the internal road network, external approach road and networking with CHWSTDF (Common Hazardous Waste Storage Treatment and Disposal Facility). There will be scope of more improvement in basic infrastructure facilities such as water & sanitation facilities should be adequately provided for better hygiene and health, construction of villages roads into gravel to paved (Paccka) roads for good connectivity by proponent under provisionally planned CER activities ❖ There is no impact on land use pattern is foreseen & related impact on land acquisition & rehabilitation & resettlement issues were also not envisaged as proposed establishment shall be at plot of the company which is located in well- developed notified additional Mahad MIDC industrial area of Maharashtra State. Mitigation Measures ❖ Water borne diseases are eliminated through proper wastewater treatment & installing latest technology equipment’s to control the air pollution. In short all mitigation measures shall be implemented for control of pollution concerned with air, water, land and noise. Hazards associated with the proposed project shall be managed/ controlled by implementation of safe work procedures, risk/hazard control /prevention measures and provision of PPEs for all employees etc. ❖ Health facilities are inadequate not available in 61% villages in the study area as well as due to chemical zone. Prasol shall periodically organize health check-up camps including free distribution of medicines and health and hygiene awareness camps with objective of maintaining health status of local population. ❖ As per baseline study tap water facility is a major source of water available in 83% villages but among these around 44% villages get water without treated in the study area. So potable water facility shall be provided by the Prasol through arrangement of RO plant where aftercare and maintenance can be take care by the Gram Panchayats. ❖ Area is lacking in terms of gutter line as per 2011 census data 57% villages are not having drainage facility in the study area and in all balanced villages have an open nallas/ drains. As per field survey all the houses of all surveyed villages have no access of sanitary latrines, so people faced the sanitation problem in the area. Therefore project authority must assess the required need of the community by construction of drains & toilets covered the open drains and regular cleaning of sewerage and open drains etc. ❖ As a part of CER distribute seeds, saplings & manure & providing cows and calf to needy local farmers & landless / marginal workers. ❖ Social surveys of unemployed youth should be carryout at neighboring villages around the Additional MIDC area as well as consult with local bodies Gram Panchayat of respective villages around additional Mahad MIDC so tentative unemployed local needy youth figure may be obtain & recruit capable youth at respective vacancies & should be extended training facilities which will develop the skills of locals & help them to get jobs in & around additional Mahad MIDC area.

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Enterprise Social commitment (ESC) & Socio-Economic Welfare In order to mitigate adverse impact likely to arise in social, cultural and economic aspects in the surrounding region the proposed project is expected to contribute towards upliftment of local people quality of life.

The proposed project will help in improving socio – economic status of surrounding area as there will be direct and indirect employment generation. Preference will be given to local people at the time of man power recruitment. Preventive measures will be taken to control pollution, which may arise from the proposed project. Communication with local community will be institutionalized & done on regular basis by the project authorities.

Prasol has proposed Rs. 100 lakhs as CER for activities within study area such as: Table 4.15 Activities Proposed under CER Selected Areas or Proposed Activities as per specific needs Villages Health / Medical - Medical camps with free distribution of medicines (Every 4 As far as possible month – thrice in a year) nearby all villages - Also organize other health camps such as eye check-up located within study camps distribution of optical including treatment, Blood area (Amshet, Donation camp, Dental check-up camps etc. Barasgaon, Gavadi, - Assistance to local medical institution i.e. PHS or PHC or Solamkond, Dahivad & health programs for providing better health facilities. Padavi etc.) Awareness programs on health & Hygiene Educational - Providing books for library and other teaching aids, Nearby villages computers etc. in local educational institutions Schools located within - Scholarships to meritorious or needy students study area - Organize different competitions for children in Schools - Skill set training programs for teachers - Assistance for construction or renovation of class rooms, playground, compound boundary, toilets facility etc. - Provision for the supply of drinking water in the schools Treated Tap Water Facility - The safe supply of drinking water or providing RO plant Amshet & Solamkond where aftercare and maintenance can be taken care by the Panchayat/institution - Rain water harvesting ponds and ground water recharge pits - Water conservation awareness programs Tree Plantation - Plantation of trees in village road side, formal institution Nearby villages like Gram Panchayat office, local school area & health located within study Centre area etc. area Improvement in Infrastructural Facilities - Construction of drains & toilets Barasgaon & Gavadi

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- Constructions of internal village roads into gravel to paved Dahivad & Padavi roads - Street light Gavadi, Vadghar Kh. Livelihood Development Activities - Job oriented skill training courses may be organized Nearby villages through industrial / Technical Training Institutions for located within study Educated Youth (both for male and female), like O & M of area electrical, home need appliances, tailoring, plumbing, typewriting and shorthand, computer, light & heavy Vehicle Driving. Four wheeler repairs, welding and fabrication and other project related trades - Farmers training programme is conducted by involving specialist from various agriculture departments on the modern methods of cultivation, poultry farming and Dairy development - Assistance to needy cultivators - Assistance to self-help groups Others Social Welfare Activities - Playground for children Amshet - help to poor old age people Walan Bk. - Assistance for construction of temples, community center Nearby villages - Sponsors various festivals located within study area

Budgetary Provision for CER Activities: On the basis of total proposed capital investments, break up of CER budget & activities are as below Table 4.16 Budget Allocation for Implementation of CER Activities

Year

2023 2024 2025 2026

2021 2022

Activities 2020

- - -

- - -

- Total

2019 2020 2021

2022 2022 2023 2024 2025

Avenue Plantation / Community plantation (in 2.5 2 1.5 2.7 2.4 2 3 16.1 consultation with local authority) Education and Skill development (support local schools & educational organizations by distribution/ 1.5 2 2 3 2.5 3 3 17 donation of educational aids such as books, Computers, Uniform etc.) Infrastructure creation (for Drinking water supply 3 4 3.5 2.5 5 4 4 26 /sanitation / approach roads Solar power (Provision of solar 1.8 2.5 3 2 2 3 3 17.3 power system)

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Health (awareness primary healthcare services and health education. medical care 1.5 2 2.5 2 3 2.5 3 16.5 (medicines)and counselling to all beneficiaries) Livelihood development activities (Self-help group development & vocational 0.7 1 0.9 1 1 1 1.5 7.1 training programs for local youth) Total (Rs. Lakhs) 11 13.5 13.4 13.2 15.9 15.5 17.5 100 Note: Activity and allocated fund will vary over year depending upon need. The above proposed CER activities are already submitted to District authority as per OM F No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 1st May 2018. The detailed CER plan & copy of plan submitted is attached as Annexure 4.1.

Prediction of Impacts during De Commissioning Phase and Mitigation Measures

This section examines impacts during decommissioning of project, should the need arise.

Anticipated Impacts

Impacts during de commissioning phase will be due to: Stoppage of new production facilities The stoppage of production facilities will lead to having a stockpile of chemicals at the site, which will need to be safely disposed off. Decommissioning if not undertaken in a safe way may lead to catastrophic incidents which may have effects within/outside the factory. In addition, decommissioning will cause revenue loss to company and loss of employment to workers. Waste generation there is possibility that failed batches will need to be stored and disposed safely so as not to cause land pollution.

Mitigation Measures

• Proper procedure for safe decommissioning shall be established as part of project development with training to employees. • Wastes generated will have to be identified and disposed off safely and site will not be considered shut down unless all wastes are safely disposed. • Have a designated procedure to ensure that workers do not suffer in this eventuality.

Environmental Impact matrix

The possible impacts of various constructional and operational activities as identified above have been denoted in a matrix form. A quantitative matrix rating has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner:

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• Highly Negative Overall Impacts: Total Score= above -353 • Moderately Negative Overall Impacts: Total Score= -176 to - 352 • Slightly Negative Overall Impacts: Total Score= -1 to -176 • Neutral overall Impacts: Total Score = 0 • Slightly Positive Overall Impacts: Total Score= 1 to 176 • Moderately Positive Overall Impacts: Total Score= 176 to 352 • Highly Positive Overall Impacts: Total Score = above 353 The matrix system assumes the environmental indices into the following: ➢ Physical Parameters: Surface water quality • Ground water quality • Air quality & Climate • Soil Quality • Land use pattern & Topography ➢ Ecological Parameters: • Forests/ Parks/ Sanctuary • Flora & Fauna • Aquatic ecosystem ➢ Social Parameters: Aesthetics • Local Housing structure • Services • Health & Safety ➢ Economic Parameters: Agriculture • Fisheries • Industries • Employment The assessment of the impact of the general impacting activities on the above parameters of environmental indices can be done by establishing a co-relation by “Cause and effect relationship” with the help of impact matrices. The matrices for construction as well as operation phase are presented below for two conditions: • Without mitigation/control measures. • With proposed mitigation measures for adverse / beneficial effects. The criteria for evaluation of qualitative matrix are presented herewith: 1. No Impact (0): This indicates that the project activity is unlikely to have any impact on an environmental attribute.

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2. Negligible Adverse Impact (-1) / Negligible Beneficial Impact (+1): It signifies that the actions have minor effect, adverse or beneficial, on the environmental parameters concerned. 3. Significant Adverse Impact (-2) / Significant Beneficial Impact (+2): The activities and their environmental Impacts are judged to be significant if they create, or have the potential to create concern in the public or professional community. 4. High Adverse Impact (-3) / High Beneficial Impact (+3): The action that can create or have a potential to create controversy in the public or professional community due to its long-term effect. They may be at times irreversible. The environmental Impact matrix without mitigation / control measures during the construction phase and operation phase is given below, which shows the slightly negative impact of the project is (-) 140 i.e no significant impact. The matrix with proposed mitigation measures during the operation phase is given below, which shows the overall impact with environmental controls is reduced to (-) 75 i.e. slightly negative.

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Table 4.17 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation without Mitigation Measures

Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase

Source

rojectsite

Total Total

Noise Noise

handling handling emissions emissions

operationplant of

Plantconstruction

End use End of product requirement, wastewater requirement,

Parameters &

constructionplant of

generation & disposal & generation disposal & generation

End use End of p

Plantoperation process &

Hazards associatedHazardswith &

Wastedisposal & generation Wastedisposal & generation

Stationary, process & fugitive Stationary,process & fugitive Stationary,process &

Water wastewater Water requirement,

Breakdown of control equipment of Breakdown control equipment of Breakdown control

Material transportation, storage & Materialtransportation, storage & Materialtransportation, Hazards associatedHazards with chemicals Physico-chemical parameters: Surface water 0 -1 0 0 -1 -2 -2 0 0 -6 -3 -3 -3 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 -17 quality Ground water 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 0 0 -3 -2 -3 0 0 -11 quality Air quality & -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -4 -3 0 -3 0 0 -2 -2 -3 -2 -15 climate Soil quality 0 -1 0 0 -2 0 -1 0 0 -4 -2 -3 0 0 -3 -2 -2 -2 0 -14 Land use -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pattern Ecological parameters: Forest/ park/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sanctuary Flora & fauna 0 -1 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 -4 -2 -2 -3 -1 -2 -1 -2 -2 -2 -17

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Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase

Source

rojectsite

Total Total

Noise Noise

handling handling emissions emissions

operationplant of

Plantconstruction

End use End of product requirement, wastewater requirement,

Parameters &

constructionplant of

generation & disposal & generation disposal & generation

End use End of p

Plantoperation process &

Hazards associatedHazardswith &

Wastedisposal & generation Wastedisposal & generation

Stationary, process & fugitive Stationary,process & fugitive Stationary,process &

Water wastewater Water requirement,

Breakdown of control equipment of Breakdown control equipment of Breakdown control

Material transportation, storage & Materialtransportation, storage & Materialtransportation, Hazards associatedHazards with chemicals Aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 ecosystem Social parameters: Aesthetics -2 0 -2 0 -3 -1 -2 -1 0 -11 -2 -2 -2 0 -3 -3 -3 -2 +1 -16 Local housing 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -3 0 -2 -2 0 -1 -2 -1 0 0 -8 structure Service 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 -5 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -2 -2 0 -7 Health & -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -1 0 -11 -2 -2 -3 -2 -3 -2 -3 -2 +2 -17 safety Economic parameters: Agriculture 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -3 -2 -3 -3 0 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 -16 Fisheries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 Industries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Employment +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +3 +2 0 0 0 0 +2 0 0 -1 +3 Total -5 -7 -6 -1 -11 -11 -9 -3 +2 -51 -14 -21 -20 -3 -19 -16 -22 -22 -3 -140

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Table 4.18 Environmental Impact Matrix Evaluation with Mitigation Measures

Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase

Source

with

plant

Total Total Noise

Noise

construction

disposal disposal

emissions emissions equipment equipment

Plant

End use End of product

storagehandling & storagehandling &

Water requirement, Waterrequirement, Waterrequirement,

constructionplant of

Breakdown of control of Breakdown control of Breakdown control

End use End of project site

Material transportation, Materialtransportation, Materialtransportation, associatedHazards

chemicals of operation &

wastewater generation & & wastewatergeneration & wastewatergeneration Plantoperation process &

Parameters associatedHazardswith &

Wastedisposal & generation Wastedisposal & generation

Stationary, process & fugitive Stationary,process & fugitive Stationary,process & Physico-chemical parameters: Surface water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -2 -2 -2 -2 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -10 quality Ground water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 0 -2 0 0 -2 -1 -2 0 0 -7 quality Air quality & 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 -2 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -1 -9 climate Soil quality 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -2 0 0 -2 -1 -1 -1 0 -8 Land use 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pattern Ecological parameters: Forest/ park/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sanctuary Flora & fauna 0 -1 -1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 -4 -1 -1 -2 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -8 Aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 0 -3 ecosystem

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Impact Construction Phase Operation Phase

Source

with

plant

Total Total Noise

Noise

construction

disposal disposal

emissions emissions equipment equipment

Plant

End use End of product

storagehandling & storagehandling &

Water requirement, Waterrequirement, Waterrequirement,

constructionplant of

Breakdown of control of Breakdown control of Breakdown control

End use End of project site

Material transportation, Materialtransportation, Materialtransportation, associatedHazards

chemicals of operation &

wastewater generation & & wastewatergeneration & wastewatergeneration Plantoperation process &

Parameters associatedHazardswith &

Wastedisposal & generation Wastedisposal & generation

Stationary, process & fugitive Stationary,process & fugitive Stationary,process & Social parameters: Aesthetics -1 0 -1 0 -2 -1 -1 0 0 -6 -1 -1 -1 0 -2 -2 -2 -1 +1 -9 Local housing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 -3 structure Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -2 Health & -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -7 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 +2 -9 safety Economic parameters: Agriculture 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 -3 -2 -2 -2 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -9 Fisheries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 Industries 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Employment +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +3 +2 0 0 0 0 +2 0 0 0 +4 Total -1 -2 -3 -1 -6 -5 -3 -1 +2 -20 -8 -12 -13 -1 -11 -7 -12 -12 +1 -75

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Observations and Conclusions

The study for the proposed project of Prasol has revealed that the upcoming activities of manufacturing will have negligible impacts which would mainly occur only upon Improper discharge of effluent/ release of untreated gaseous pollutant to air/ Improper disposal of solid waste/ accidental spill/leak of volatile/gaseous chemicals/materials. Risk assessment study has been conducted for the proposed project and the suggestions made in the report shall be implemented strictly to prevent any chances of environmental contamination and employee health & safety. By the efficient implementation of Hazard/Risk control/Prevention measures the negative impacts would be avoided. Besides, the hazardous waste generated from the production process & utility operation will be managed as per MoEF/CPCB/MPCB Guidelines. Hence issues of air & land contamination are not envisaged. The water requirement will be met by MIDC & through recycle of treated effluent hence no impact on ground water availability envisaged. The proponent will plant varieties of trees & shrubs in the premises. The Greenbelt will be maintained in excellent condition giving visual of dense vegetation. The proponent will manage the greenbelt with all possible care & attention to improve environmental condition. Thus the beneficial impacts due to the dense greenbelt are envisaged. It is also found that the high noise generation sources are not part of proposed project. Hence noise levels are not expected to go up. The noise level out of the premises is envisaged to be < 65-70 dB(A) in day and 55-60 dB(A) in night as maximum. Thus looking to the source, potential noise level generation & planned mitigation measures; impacts due to noise are not envisaged. Company intends to conduct the CER activities for social welfare & upliftment. Necessary documents & records of all activities shall be maintained. All aspects of safety will be adequately managed and required safety material, equipment and facilities will be provided to all employees, contractor & visitors. Thus issue of impacts due to probable hazards/risk/disaster would be minimal. Thus looking all the management procedures/actions, environmental management activities and other allied functions of management system, it is concluded that there will not be any major considerable impacts on environment.

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5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

Analysis of Alternative Sites

The proposed establishment shall be located at Plot No FS-30, Additional MIDC Mahad, Tehsil Mahad, Raigad which comprises of total 45,000 sq. m of land. Following aspects are considered during the site selection: • Located in Additional Mahad MIDC (Specified chemical zone) • Availability of major raw material from nearby industries • Availability of adequate land, utilities and infrastructure • Synergy with Prasol’s other manufacturing sites in the vicinity • Availability of technically skilled staff • Availability of unskilled workers in the area • Proximity to end users. • Land is part of MIDC, doesn’t involve R&R issues. • JNPT port and Mumbai international airports are nearby. • Availability of medical, educational facility, transportation and other infrastructure

Analysis of Alternative Technologies

Products for which this establishment is planned are manufactured with the best available technology as on date. Most of the products are already being manufactured at other units of the group and elsewhere and therefore their process technology is also proven.

All plant sections will be equipped with adequate process control and instrumentation to provide inbuilt safety and process efficiency. There is an excellent R&D team working on advancement of processes and optimization of raw materials and resources.

Latest design and instrumentations shall be used in process equipment fabrication. DCS and PLC shall be provided wherever feasible.

Waste water treatment and alternatives Different alternative treatments like RO, MEE, ETP scheme will be adopted for different types of effluent streams with different characteristics based on the feasibility to achieve the limits for recycle/ reuse of the treated effluent. Different alternatives for reduce, reuse & recycle will be adopted in the plant. There will be overall integrated approach for the effluent treatment.

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6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Based on the predicted & assessed impacts as well as the baseline environmental status of the project area, an environmental monitoring program is suggested for implementation during various stages of the project cycle.

Objective of Environmental Monitoring Program

For tracking of the effectiveness of mitigation measures & EMP at specific interval, regular monitoring of the necessary environmental parameters is required. With this vision, an environment monitoring program is prepared with due consideration of the baseline status of the project area, various components of project & environmental attributes likely to be affected. Major objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Program are as under: • To comply with the statutory requirements of monitoring for compliance with conditions of EC, Consent to operate and provisions under Factory Act & Environmental Protection Act provisions • Assessment of the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during the project operation/activities. • Monitoring & tracking the effectiveness of Environment Management Plan & implementation of mitigation measures planned. • Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental condition to plan additional mitigation measures; if & as required. Prasol shall implement the environment monitoring programs in line with the planned schedule. The company shall ensure that the necessary requisite facilities are made available and budgetary provision is made as & when required to ensure regular efficient environmental monitoring activities.

Environmental Monitoring Program

Environmental monitoring parameters and frequencies of monitoring are given in below table. In case of accidental spill & leak of hazardous chemicals, monitoring of the environment for detection of the spilled/leaked chemical shall be done in the affected area. In such case, soil & groundwater sample of the affected area shall be collected and analyzed for detection of the spilled / leaked chemicals at regular interval for the period as required to ensure safe level of contamination.

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Table 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan for the Proposed Facilities Sr. Project Phase Environmental Parameters Frequency Locations Conducted by No. Component 1 Construction Air Environment Ambient air PM10 / PM2.5/ SO2/ Once/Month Adjacent to new MoEF&CC NOx/CO construction site approved Ambient Noise Leq day and night time Once/Month At new construction Laboratory Level or over one work shift site Water Quality Drinking Water Microbiological Once/month Construction site - MoEF&CC Quality parameters as per IS each drinking water approved 10500: 2012 locations. Laboratory 2 Commissioning Air Environment Stage Ambient air PM10 / PM2.5/ SO2/ Quarterly Adjacent to new MoEF&CC NOx/CO/NMHC/H2S/HC construction site approved l Laboratory Ambient Noise Leq day and night time Quarterly Adjacent to new MOEF&CC Level or over one work shift construction site approved lab Water Quality Drinking Water Microbiological (as per IS Quarterly at each drinking MOEF&CC Quality 10500: 2012) water location. approved lab In plant ETP pH,TSS, TDS, COD, BOD Once/shift ETP at intermediate In house lab and and Oil and Grease, MEE stages and MEE periodically solids through MOEF approved lab Waste Generated ETP sludge, MEE As per Schedule II of HW Once ETP / MEE CHWTSDF or salts/sludge Rules, 2008 and MOEF approved parameters for lab for identifying identifying disposal disposal pathway

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Sr. Project Phase Environmental Parameters Frequency Locations Conducted by No. Component pathway as per CPCB 3 Operation Air Environment Phase Stacks – Boilers TPM/ SO2/ NOx Quarterly Boiler stack MoEF&CC approved Laboratory + Online continuous Monitoring Ambient Air PM10 / PM2.5/ SO2/ Quarterly At 3 locations, MoEF&CC NOx/CO/NMHC/H2S/HC approved l Laboratory Workroom TPM, H2S,SO2 Once/ 6 Plant / Storage/ environment months handling Area: Oxygen Content/LEL Once per Before vessel / Own laboratory shift confined space entry Water Environment ETP Operational parameters Daily Equalization, after Own QC lab like pH, TSS, COD, MLSS, primary clarifier, after DO, SVI etc. secondary treatment. Parameters as per MPCB Quarterly At inlet and outlet of MoEF&CC Consent. ETP recognized laboratory + Online continuous Monitoring Drinking water Microbiological Quarterly at each drinking MoEF&CC parameters as per IS water locations. recognized 10500: 2012 laboratory Noise Environment Ambient Noise Leq (day & night) Quarterly at fence level and at

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Sr. Project Phase Environmental Parameters Frequency Locations Conducted by No. Component nearest habitats. Workroom noise Leq (8 hours) Quarterly near noise producing MoEF&CC sources like DG set, approved Boiler house etc. Laboratory Biological Environment Ecological survey Study growth of trees at Once every 3 At site QCI NABET site as per plan and years approved identify new species for Biological expert plantation Land Contamination Soil /Ground For specific Regularly At/near site of MOEF&CC water Quality contaminants of spilled until no spillage approved chemicals traces laboratory noticed 4 Decommissioni Ambient air PM10 / PM2.5/ SO2/ Quarterly Adjacent to project MoEF&CC ng Stage NOx/CO/NMHC/H2S/HC site approved l Laboratory Ambient Noise Leq day and night time Quarterly Adjacent to project MOEF&CC Level or over one work shift site approved lab Soil /Ground For specific Regularly At/near site of MOEF&CC water Quality contaminants of spilled until no spillage approved chemicals traces laboratory noticed ETP pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, Daily until At various stages of in Oil and Grease. effluent plant effluent stops treatment system as completely in 2 above

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Measurement Methodologies

Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the methods/guidelines provided by MoEF&CC/ CPCB and /or relevant Indian Standards or methods as specified by Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Treatment by American Public Health Association (APHA). Methodology of monitoring (sampling & analysis) shall be documented as SOP (standard Operating Procedure) for parameters analyzed through in house laboratory and shall be subjected to internal audit and review. For monitoring of workplace area, methods suggested / published by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), USA or as specified in Standard Methods for Air Analysis published by APHA shall be adopted.

Reporting Schedules

The records of the monitoring program viz water, wastewater, solid waste, air, emission, soil shall be prepared and preserved properly. The records showing results/outcome of the monitoring programs will be submitted as per the schedule below. Monitoring reports will be reviewed regularly by Factory Management along with Environmental Consultant for necessary improvement of the monitoring plan/mitigation measures/environmental technologies as well as for necessary actions of environmental management cell. Table 6.2 Reporting Schedule Sr. Monitoring Reporting Applicable Compliance Reporting No. During Schedule Statute To

1 Construction 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) SEIAA, Maharashtra Phase December of Clause 10 b) MPCB – Regional each year till Office end of c) MOEF&CC- Western construction Zone office and Monitoring Cell 2 Commissioning 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) SEIAA, Maharashtra Phase December of Clause 10 b) MPCB – Regional each year till Office end of c) MOEF&CC- Western construction Zone office and Monitoring Cell 3 Operation Phase 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) SEIAA, Maharashtra December of Clause 10 b) MOEF&CC- Western each year Zone office & Monitoring Cell c) MPCB- Regional Office Before 10th of Combined MPCB – Regional Office

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next Month in Consent & respect of Authorization stack/ vents, (CC & A) AAQ, ETP inlet/outlet, Noise levels 4 Decommissioning 1st June and 1st EIA Notification a) SEIAA, Maharashtra Phase December of Clause 10 b) MPCB – Regional each year Office c) MOEF&CC- Western Zone office and Monitoring Cell

Company will also file returns under HW Rules (yearly), Cess Act (monthly) and annual Environmental statements &/or performance report/compliance report/audit report as per conditions of EC and CC&A and submit to MPCB within the stipulated timeframe. CC&A and other statutory permission/consents must be obtained & renewed timely as per legal provision & guidelines. Similarly, all necessary report & forms will be prepared and submitted to the concern authority as per the statutory requirement of Environmental Acts/rules, Factory Act & MSIHC rules. Reporting of accident & other requirements will be made in prescribed format well within stipulated time frame as per statutory requirements & guidelines.

Budgetary Provisions for EMP

On regular basis, environment management cell shall inspect the necessity & availability of the materials, technologies, services & maintenance works. The cell shall make appropriate budget for the purpose. Regular record review for change in financial requirement of environment management shall be done and appropriate budgetary provisions shall be made. Budget for environmental management shall be prepared and revised regularly. The budget shall include provisions for: • Environmental Monitoring Program • Operation & Maintenance of environmental Technologies/Equipment • Laboratory works for Environmental management activities • Emergency Purchase of necessary material, equipment, tools, services • Greenbelt development • Social & Environmental Welfare & Awareness programs/training • Annual Environmental Audit. The company has made budgetary provision for the proposed establishment as a part of their initial planning. The same is presented below.

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Table 6.3 Budgetary Provisions for EMP Environmental Controlling Measure Capital O&M Investment Cost/Annum (Rs. In Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs) Air Pollution Control 30 6 Environment Monitoring - 2 Water Pollution Control 200 150 Hazardous waste & Solid waste management 20 10 Green Belt Development 25 5 Occupational Health & Safety 25 2 Total 300 175

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7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES (RISK ASSESSMENT, PUBLIC HEARING)

In order to support the environment impact assessment and environment management plan, following additional studies have been included in the report.

✓ Risk assessment ✓ Disaster Management Plan ✓ On site and off site emergency action plan ✓ Occupational Health and Safety Management System Introduction Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions) associated with establishment of proposed Establishment of Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing facility which is to be located at Plot No. FS-30, Additional MIDC Mahad, Tehsil Mahad, District Raigad, Maharashtra. The risk analysis deals with recognition and computation / quantification of risk to the plant equipment, personnel and neighboring population, due to accidents resulting from hazards present in the plant. Risk assessment follows an extensive hazard analysis. This requires a thorough knowledge of Plant processes, failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk assessment is often confined to maximum credible accident studies. It provides basis for what should be type and capacity of its on-site and offsite emergency plan also what types of safety measures shall be required.

Approach to the Study

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accidents consisting of an event or sequence of events. The risk assessment study covers the following:

o Identification of potential hazard area; o Identification of representative failure cases; o Visualization of the resulting scenarios in terms of fire and explosion; o Assess the overall damage potential of the identified hazardous events and the impact zones form the accidental scenarios; o Furnish the recommendations on the minimization of the worst accident possibilities o Preparation of Disaster Management Plan; o Emergency Plan, which includes Occupational and Health Safety Plan;

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Methodology Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is a means of making a systematic assessment of the Risks from hazardous activities, and forming a rational evaluation of their significance, in order to provide input to a decision-making process. The term ‘quantitative risk assessment’ is widely used, but strictly this refers to the purely numerical assessment of risks without any evaluation of their significance. The study has been conducted based on the premises of a traditional Quantitative Risk Assessment. The key components of a QRA are explained below, and illustrated in figures below, QRA METHODOLOGY

DEFINING THE SYSTEM

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CONSEQUENCE MODELING

RISK COMPUTATION

RISK ASSESSMENT

RISK REDUCING MEASURES

Figure 7.1 QRA Methodology

FLOW CHART FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT START RISK AREA IDENTIFICATION

RISK AREA SELECTION

FAILURE CASE IDENTIFICATION

SELECT FAILURE CASE

IDENTIFY CONSEQUENCE OUTCOME NEXT

SELECT CONSEQUENCE OUTCOME NEXT DETERMINE FREQUENCY

ESTIMATE CONSEQUENCE

RECORD CONSEQUENCE AND FREQUENCY

HAVE ALL CONSEQUNECE OUTCOMES STUDIED ?

HAVE ALL FAILURE CASES STUDIED

HAVE ALL RISK AREAS BEEN STUDIED

DRAW RISK CONTOUR FINISH YES

Figure 7.2 Flow Chart for QRA Methodology

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Hazard Identification Identification of hazards in the proposed project activity is of primary significance of the analysis, and quantification. Hazard states the characteristics of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. All the components of a system/plant/process need to be thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident.

Identification of Hazardous areas The procedure for QRA starts with identification of major risk areas in the proposed installation. At Prasol Chemicals Private limited, major risk areas are as follows:

• Bulk storage area for Raw Materials at ambient temperature and high pressures (e.g. ammonia, Chlorine) • Bulk storage area for Raw Materials at higher temperature and atmospheric pressure (e.g. O Cresol). • Bulk storage area for Raw Materials at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure (e.g. Methanol, Ethanol, IPA and many more chemicals. • Process Plant involving pumping, transportation, reactors, distillation, heating, cooling, etc. • Bulk loading and unloading from road tankers to storage and vice versa.

Identification of Failure cases for Hazardous areas ▪ Release due to catastrophic failure of storage tanks or process vessels. ▪ Rupture of connected pipe with storage tank or process vessels. ▪ Continuous release at significant rates for long durations transfer pipelines caused by sudden, major break of the pipeline. ▪ Continuous release at low rate through small holes or cracks in piping and vessels, flange leaks, and leakage from pump glands and similar seals.

It is to be noted that for Quantitative Risk Assessment, worst case scenarios has to be considered, though their frequency of occurrence is much lower than the cases of small leaks.

Major Hazardous Areas The hazardous chemical storage area is shown in plot plan below.

The major Hazardous chemicals to be stored, transported, handled and utilized within the plot area are summarized in the table below.

Hazards and control measures during different project stages are summarized in separate table below.

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Facilities / System for process safety, transportation, firefighting system and emergency capabilities to be adopted are stated below. Table 7.1 Proposed Onsite Storages (OSBL) No Chemical No of Bulk storage Tank tanks Specification* Item KL MOC Dia Ht (each) (Mts) (Mts) 1 Diethyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DETA) 1 100 SS 4 8 2 Diethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride 2 150 SS 5 8 (DETC.) 3 Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5 (DMTC) 4 Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate 1 50 SS 2.5 10.5 (DMPAT) 5 Zinc Diorgano Dithiophosphate 4 50 SS 2.5 10.5 (ZDDP) 6 Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate 1 50 SS 2.5 10.5 7 Sodium Dithiophosphate 1 50 MS 2.5 10.5 8 Phosphorous Trichloride 2 100 SS 4 8 9 Phosphorous Pentachloride 2 100 SS 4 8 10 Phosphoryl Trichloride 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5 11 Thiophosphoryl Chloride 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5 12 2-Methyl Adrohol Acetate 2 100 SS 4 8 13 Styrallyl Acetate 2 100 SS 4 8 14 Trimethyl Cyclohexyl Acetate 2 100 SS 4 8 15 Phenethyl Acetate 2 100 SS 4 8 16 O-Methyl Cyclohexanol 1 100 SS 4 8 17 O-Methyl Cyclohexanone 1 100 SS 4 8 18 Styrallyl Alcohol 1 100 SS 4 8 19 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol 1 100 SS 4 8 20 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphide (NaHS) 2 150 MS 5 8 21 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 2 250 SSRL 6 9 22 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) 1 10 MS 2.2 3 23 Ethanol 2 250 MS 6 9 24 Methanol 2 250 MS 6 9 25 Octanol 1 200 MS 5.5 8.5 26 Isobutanol 1 200 MS 5.5 8.5 27 Isopropanol 1 200 MS 5.5 8.5 28 N-butanol 1 200 MS 5.5 8.5 29 Caustic Lye 1 200 MS 5.5 8.5 30 Base Oil 1 20 MS 2.2 5.5 32 Acetic Acid 1 250 SS 6 9 32 Acetic Anhydride 1 50 SS 2.5 10.5 33 O-Cresol 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5 34 Styrene Oxide 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5 35 Isophorone 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5

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36 Cyclohexane 2 50 SS 2.5 10.5 *The dimensions are indicative and preliminary. It will be finalized during detail engineering stage. Dyke dimension shall be maintained as per good engineering practice / norms/standards.

Table 7.2 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment at Different Project Stages Sr Step/Activit Hazard Typical Possible Safety Risks . y identificati Areas causes Measures N on /activitie Required o. s 1. Erection of Physical 0 Plant Hazards - Fall from - Working - Untrained Fall Accidenta height at ht> workers protection l injury 2m - Wearing - guardrail (personal - Formwo loose - safety ) rk clothes net/PPEs - Ramps - No safety - harness - Unprote gear - warning cted lines sides - appropriate and clothes edges - supervision - Roofing to identify - Overhea hazards d brick laying - Electrocu Entire site - Temporar Supervision Accidenta tion y to identify l injury connectio hazards (personal ns ) - Cables running across site - Struck by Entire site walking Supervision Accidenta falling below Warning l injury objects loading or ribbons and (personal working signs ) equipment

2. Commissioni Electrocutio Use of Temporary Tagging & Electrocut 0 ng n Energy connection Lock out ion s Warning (personal signs injury) Chemical Use & Improper Safety Personal exposure storage of handling Gear/PPEs injury chemicals Training (Chemical

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Sr Step/Activit Hazard Typical Possible Safety Risks . y identificati Areas causes Measures N on /activitie Required o. s burn, organ damage) Instrument Complying On/offsite al failure HAZOP Accident recommendat injuries ions Noise Entire Commissio Ear Personal exposure plant ning Muffs/plugs injury activities Oiling and (noise greasing induced Vibration hearing dampening loss) 3. Operation Electrocutio Use of Temporary Tagging & Electrocut 0 n Energy connection Lock out ion s Warning (personal signs injury) Chemical Use & Improper Safety Personal exposure storage of handling Gear/PPE’s injury chemicals Training (Chemical & burn, hazardou organ s wastes damage) Instrument Regular On/offsite al failure HAZOP & Accident audits & injuries complying recommendat ions Noise Entire Improper Ear Personal generation plant maintenanc Muffs/plugs injury e Preventive (noise maintenance, induced oiling and hearing greasing loss) 4. Closure and Chemical Use & Improper Safety Personal 0 Decommissio exposure storage of handling Gear/PPE’s injury ning chemicals Training (Chemical & burn, hazardou organ s wastes damage) Table 7.3 Other Hazards and control No Possible Its source Effect on Place of its Control measures

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hazard / and person, effect suggested. Emergency possible property reason and environment 1 Natural Nature Injury / Within & Emergency calamity Death to outside preparedness, persons, the unit Alarm, Evacuation damage to rescue & shelter/ property Welfare 2 Toxic release Outside the Injury/Death Within & Emergency from outside factory outside preparedness, the premises the unit Alarm, Evacuation rescue & shelter/ Welfare 3 Structural Inside the Injury/Death Within the Inspection and failure factory to factory Maintenance (Corrosion) persons, practices/ damage to Automatic property operation Periodic Testing of safety valves / systems 4 Pipe line Leaking of Physical / Plant area Proper leakages / pipe line Chemical maintenance, Spillages. due to Thermal Burn Proper Selection of (1) Corrosion corrosion, Injury (Major Material for pipe (2) Toxic gas Loose / Minor) lines, release contact etc. Immediate attention, Earthing, flame proof fitting, No Smoking display Boards. 5 Electricity Loose Burning, Surrounding Proper Earthing, (burning, fire, Contacts, Shock, Death the Periodical shock) Weak accident Checking of joints, earthling area proper insulations Short of Equipments, etc. Circuit Flame proof fitting Improper in solvent storage Insulation area, bounding and jumpers to all solvent barrier lines to be provided. 6 Boiler (burning, Over Minor/Major Boiler Lower & Upper physical injury, pressure in Injury House and Level Indication explosion) the boiler if Loss of surrounding System provision. safety human life places Safety valves

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valve not Loss of for pressure working. property control fixed temp. Water level (Loss of & pressure indicator Main/ indicator provided. not Machine Blow down & working. Material) blowing system Low water provided for level cleaning tube and indicator shell. Soft water fail. High used. Inter locking temp. provided on System pumps, FD fan, ID fails. fan. Periodical checking & inspection maintenance done. Yearly inspection done by Boiler Inspector 7 Housekeeping Bad House Physical / In all Proper Handling, (physical, Fire, keeping Chemical surrounding regular cleaning, burning, Thermal Burn areas i.e. Proper placement exposure to Injury (Major Storage, of material chemicals) / Minor) Plants (RIGHT THING AT THE RIGHT PLACE)

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Table 7.4 Hazardous proprties of the chemicals Explosive NFPA Boilin Sp Gr Melting Flash limit Water code Chemical g TLV No State color Odor at 20 point point, % solubilit Hazard (CAS No) point, % ppm deg C Deg C Deg C LE y H F R Deg C UEL L Alcohol like. Methanol 1 Liquid Colorless Pungent when 0.7915 -97.8 64.5 12 6 36.5 250 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (67-56-1) crude Mild to strong, rather pleasant; like Ethanol wine or 2 Liquid Colorless 0.789 -114.1 78.5 12.8 3.3 19 1000 Soluble 2 3 0 T & F (64-17-5) whiskey. Alcohol-like; Ethereal, vinous Not Octanol 3 Liquid Colorless Not available 0.827 -16.5 194.5 81.1 1.1 7.4 availab Soluble 1 2 0 T & F (111-87-5) le Sweetish and Isobutanol 4 Liquid Colorless musty. Slightly 0.806 -108 108 28 1.2 10.9 50 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (78-83-1) suffocating Isopropanol 5 Liquid Colorless Pleasant 0.785 -88.5 82.5 11.7 2 12.7 400 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (67-63-0) N Butanol Vinous. 152 6 Liquid Colorless 0.81 -89.5 117.7 28.9 1.4 11.2 Soluble 1 3 0 T & F (71-36-3) (Slight.) mg/m3 Alkaline. Caustic lye Toxic and 7 Liquid Colorless Bitter. 1.53 12 140 NA NA NA NA Soluble 3 0 1 (1310-73-2) corrosive (Strong.) Ammonia 17 9 Liquid colorless Pungent 0.59 -77.7 -33 NA 15 28 Soluble 3 1 0 F & T, E (7664-41-7) mg/m3 Nitrogen Gas Not 10 Gas colorless Odorless 0.97 NA -195.8 NA NA NA NA 0 0 0 Asphyxiant (7727-37-9) soluble

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Explosive NFPA Boilin Sp Gr Melting Flash limit Water code Chemical g TLV No State color Odor at 20 point point, % solubilit Hazard (CAS No) point, % ppm deg C Deg C Deg C LE y H F R Deg C UEL L Hydrogen Not 11 Gas colorless Odorless 0.07 -259 -253 NA 4 76 NA 0 4 0 F (1333-74-0) soluble Acetic Acid Corrosive 12 Liquid colorless Pungent, sour 1.1 16.6 118.1 39 4 19.9 15 Soluble 3 2 0 (64-19-7) and toxic Acetic Corrosive 13 Anhydride Liquid colorless Strong 1.1 -73.1 139.9 49 2.7 10.3 5 Soluble 3 2 1 and toxic (108-24-7) Phenolic-like O-Cresol White Toxic and 14 Solid odor. Sweet, 1.05 30 191.5 81 1.4 NA 5 Partial 3 2 0 (95-48-7) crystals Flammable tarry odor Styrene Pleasant, Toxic and 15 Oxide Liquid colorless 1.05 -35.6 194.1 74 NA NA NA Partial 2 2 0 sweetish Flammable (96-09-3) Isophorone Pale peppermint Toxic and 16 Liquid 0.92 -8.0 213 84 NA NA 5 Partial 2 2 0 (78-59-1) yellow odor- camphor Flammable Chloroform- like odor; Insoluble Cyclohexane Toxic and 17 Liquid colorless solvent odor; 0.778 6.5 80.7 -18 1.3 8.4 300 in cold 1 3 0 (110-82-7) Flammable mild sweet water odor Diethyl Soluble Thiophosph Clear in many Toxic and 18 Liquid Characteristic 1.18 NA 67 82 NA NA NA 3 2 0 oric Acid liquid org Flammable (DETA) solvents Diethyl Thiophosph Clear No data No data 19 oryl Liquid 1.2 NA 45 113 NA NA NA - - - Toxic liquid available available Chloride (DETC.)

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Explosive NFPA Boilin Sp Gr Melting Flash limit Water code Chemical g TLV No State color Odor at 20 point point, % solubilit Hazard (CAS No) point, % ppm deg C Deg C Deg C LE y H F R Deg C UEL L Decompo ses in water. Soluble in alcohol, Dimethyl benzene, Colorless Toxic, Thiophosph An offensive acetone, to light flammable 20 oryl Liquid smell, 1.34 NA 67 105 NA NA NA carbon 3 2 2 amber and Chloride stinking odour. tetrachlo liquid. reactive (DMTC) ride, chlorofor m, ethyl acetate; slightly sol in hexane. Dimethyl Yellowish Phosphoram Soluble 21 Liquid transpara Not available 0.925 44.5 - 60 NA NA NA - - - Toxic idothioate in water nt (DMPAT) Zinc Colorless Mild Diorgano 22 Liquid to pale petroleum 1.135 < 10 > 120 93 NA NA NA Insoluble - - - Toxic Dithiophosp brown odor hate (ZDDP) Alkyl Amber to Sodium Slightly Fully Toxic, 23 Liquid dark 1.12 NA 100 >93.4 NA NA NA 3 1 0 Dithiophosp Sulphur odor soluble flammable brown hate Sodium Amber to Slightly Slightly Toxic, 24 Dithiophosp Liquid dark 1.07 NA NA >93 NA NA NA 3 1 0 Sulphur odor soluble flammable hate brown

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Explosive NFPA Boilin Sp Gr Melting Flash limit Water code Chemical g TLV No State color Odor at 20 point point, % solubilit Hazard (CAS No) point, % ppm deg C Deg C Deg C LE y H F R Deg C UEL L Phosphorou Fuming Pungent, Toxic, 25 s Trichloride - 1.574 -112 76 NA NA NA 0.5 Partial 4 0 2 liquid irritant Reactive (7719-12-2) Phosphorou s Decompo Crystalli Pentachlorid Unpleasant, ses in Toxic and 26 ne White 2.11 148 159 NA NA NA 0.1 3 0 2 e Pungent. cold reactive Solid (10026-13- water 8) Phosphoryl 27 Liquid Clear Pungent 1.574 -112 74-78 NA NA NA NA NA - - - Toxic Trichloride Thiophosph 28 oryl Liquid Colorless NA 1.668 -35 125 NA NA NA NA NA - - - Toxic Chloride 2-Methyl 50 Toxic, 29 Adrohol Liquid Colorless Strong sweet 0.942 -70 188 74 1.7 18.5 Soluble 1 2 0 ppm Flammable Acetate Styrallyl Viscous Toxic and 30 Acetate Clear Odorless 1.02 NA 95 NA NA NA NA NA 1 1 0 liquid flammable (93-92-5) Trimethyl Cyclohexyl No data N N N 31 Acetate Liquid Clear 0.91 -60 211 85 NA NA NA NA Toxic available A A A (67859-96- 5) Phenethyl No data N N N 32 Liquid Clear 1.032 NA 238 105 NA NA NA NA Toxic Acetate available A A A O-Methyl Slightly Toxic and 33 Cyclohexano Liquid Clear Oldorless 0.936 6 - 8 NA NA NA NA NA 2 2 0 soluble flammable l

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Explosive NFPA Boilin Sp Gr Melting Flash limit Water code Chemical g TLV No State color Odor at 20 point point, % solubilit Hazard (CAS No) point, % ppm deg C Deg C Deg C LE y H F R Deg C UEL L O-Methyl Insoluble Cyclohexano Toxic and 34 Liquid Clear Not available 0.77 -126 101 0.4 1.2 6.7 500 in cold 2 3 0 ne(108-87- flammable water 2) Styrallyl Pale Toxic and 35 Alcohol Liquid Alcoholic 1.01 21.5 200 85 NA NA NA Soluble 2 2 0 yellow flammable (98-85-1) 3,3,5 Trimethyl 36 Liquid NA NA 0.878 30 - 32 198 88 NA NA NA NA - - - Toxic Cyclohexano l Sodium Hydrogen Yellow, Sulphide green, to H2S like, Corrosive, 37 Liquid 1.15 NA 100 NA NA NA NA Soluble 3 2 1 (NaHS) brown rotten eggs toxic (16721-80- liquid 05) Hydrochlori Colorless Pungent, Corrosive, 38 c Acid (HCl) Liquid to light 1.16 -46.2 83 NA NA NA 5 Soluble 3 0 1 irritating Toxic (Mixture) yellow Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonia like, 39 Liquid Colorless 0.90 -69.2 NA NA NA NA 25 Soluble 2 0 0 Toxic (NH4OH) strong (1336-21-6) E = EXPLOSIVE, R = REACTIVE, BP = BOILING POINT LEL = LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT, UEL = UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT SP.GR = SPECIFIC GRAVITY, H = HEALTH HAZARD CLASS F = FIRE HAZARD CLASS, R = REACTIVE HAZARD, TLV = THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE PPM = PARTS PER MILLION NFPA = NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION-USA, C = CORROSIVE, T=TOXIC, NA – Data not available

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Precautions during storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals / liquids ▪ Always ensure and use the road tankers having authorization for transporting the said liquids. ▪ Ask all vendors to provide MSDS of the chemical transported to Tanker Driver. ▪ Tankers will have to be clearly marked identification of material being contained with mentioning Safety Card (TREM card). ▪ Driver to have concerned Safety Officer’s contact details to contact him in case of Emergency. ▪ Provide muffler on exhaust while entering tanker within premises. ▪ Ensure Earthing connection before starting any transferring. ▪ SOP to cover routine checking of Tank farm area to be carried out for checking any spillage / leakage. ▪ Tanks will be inspected physically daily for having any visual abnormality. ▪ Readings of Temperature & Pressure will be noted, recorded & reported immediately for any abnormality. ▪ Safety instruments like rupture disc, safety valves will be checked at defined duration for intactness. ▪ Scheduled testing of tanks to be done for thickness testing. ▪ Tanks to be painted on regular interval defined as per laws to protect them from atmospheric corrosion. ▪ Barrels to be checked for proper fixing of bungs before sending it outside the premises. ▪ Barrels to be monitored physically daily for developing any pressure or vacuum within it on long storage. ▪ Concerned persons will be trained properly to use spill kit in case of observing any spillage inside warehouse. The major hazards at Prasol Chemicals Private Limited are described below, o Toxic hazard due to leakage of hazardous chemicals Ammonia, Benzene, Toluene etc. from storage tank. o Corrosive hazard due to leakage of chemicals like HCl, Sulphuric acid etc. from storage tank or Carboys. o Electrical hazards due to the electrical major equipment/ machinery, operations, Welding, motors, and heavy lift devices, cabling, human intervention (short circuit possibility), maintenance work (due to machinery breakdown etc.), plant lighting related electrical hazards. o Possibility of human injury due to working with mechanical machines, manual handling etc. o Possibility of injury during chemicals handled, during operations and due to intoxication. o Major dropped objects hazard due to large number of physical handling steps / Operations involved with crane/ overhead lifting/ hoisting equipment.

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o Fires in any part of the plant working areas – there is a possibility of rapid escalation if it is not brought under control quickly. o Possibilities of fire hazards at transformers, switchgear and other electrical equipment etc. o Fire hazard at coal storage Table 7.5 Transportation, unloading, and handling procedures for hazardous chemicals No Activity Type of Proposed mitigation measure possible hazard 1 Transportation of Leakage / Check the source of leakage point. chemicals like, Methanol, Spillage Ethanol, Octanol, Do not touch damaged containers Isobutanol, Isopropanol, n or spilled material unless wearing Butanol, Pentanol, acetic appropriate protective clothing. acid, isophorone, styrene oxide etc. by road tanker / Stop leak if you can do it without Unloading at site / risk. transfer from storage to Fire,& Use water spray to reduce vapors; day tank/reactor system explosion do not put water Directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Toxic Isolate the area Release Isolate the container

Training will be provided to driver and cleaner regarding the safe driving, hazard of Flammable chemicals, emergency handling.

TREM card will kept with tanker

Fire extinguishers will be kept with Tanker

Flame arrestor will be provided to tanker exhaust.

Instructions will be given not to stop road tanker in populated area.

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No Activity Type of Proposed mitigation measure possible hazard Clear Hazard Identification symbol and emergency telephone number will be displayed as per HAZCHEM CODE.

Appropriate PPEs will be kept with tanker.

Consequence Analysis

In a plant handling hazardous chemicals, the main hazard arises due to storage, handling & use of these chemicals. If these chemicals are released into the atmosphere, they may cause damage due to resulting fires or vapor clouds. Blast Overpressures depend upon the reactivity class of material between two explosive limits.

Operating parameters Potential vapor release for the same material depends significantly on the operating conditions. Especially for any liquefied gas, the operating conditions are very critical to assess the damage potential. If we take up an example of ammonia, if it is stored at ambient temperature, say 30 Deg C, and then the vapor release potential of the inventory is much higher as compared to the case if it is stored at 0 Deg C.

Inventory Inventory Analysis is commonly used in understanding the relative hazards and short listing of release scenarios. Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazard. Larger the inventory of a vessel or a system, larger the quantity of potential release. The potential vapor release (source strength) depends upon the quantity of liquid release, the properties of the materials and the operating conditions (pressure, temperature). If all these influencing parameters are combined into a matrix and vapour source strength estimated for each release case, a ranking should become a credible exercise. Loss of Containment Plant inventory can get discharged to Environment due to Loss of Containment. Certain features of materials to be handled at the plant need to the clearly understood to firstly list out all significant release cases and then to short list release scenarios for a detailed examination. Liquid release can be either instantaneous or continuous. Failure of a vessel leading to an instantaneous outflow assumes the sudden appearance of such a major crack that practically all of the contents above the crack shall be released in a very short time. The more likely event is the case of liquid release from a hole in a pipe connected to the vessel. The flow rate is depending on the size of the hole as well as on the pressure, which was present, in front of the hole, prior to the accident. Such

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 203 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) pressure is basically dependent on the pressure in the vessel. The vaporization of released liquid depends on the vapor pressure and weather conditions. Such consideration and others have been kept in mind both during the initial listing as well as during the short listing procedure. In the study, Maximum Credible Loss accident methodology is to be used, therefore, the largest potential hazard inventories have been considered for consequence estimation.

Damage Criteria In consequence analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality, injury, material destruction) of the effects. The calculations can roughly be divided in three major groups:

▪ Determination of the source strength parameters; ▪ Determination of the consequential effects; ▪ Determination of the damage or damage distances.

The basic physical effect models consist of the following.

Source strength parameters ▪ Calculation of the outflow of liquid, vapor or gas out of a vessel or a pipe, in case of rupture. Also two-phase outflow can be calculated. • Calculation, in case of liquid outflow, of the instantaneous flash evaporation and of the dimensions of the remaining liquid pool. • Calculation of the evaporation rate, as a function of volatility of the material, pool dimensions and wind velocity. • Source strength equals pump capacities, etc. in some cases.

Consequential Effects o Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source strength, relative density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical situation of the surrounding area. o Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m2] due to a fire or a BLEVE, as a function of the distance to the source. o Energy of vapor cloud explosions [in N/m2], as a function of the distance to the distance of the exploding cloud. o Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of evaporated chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.

It may be obvious, that the types of models that must be used in a specific risk study strongly depend upon the type of material involved:

▪ Gas, vapor, liquid, solid ▪ Inflammable, explosive, toxic, toxic combustion products ▪ Stored at high/low temperatures or pressure ▪ Controlled outflow (pump capacity) or catastrophic failure

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Selection of Damage Criteria The damage criteria give the relation between extent of the physical effects (exposure) and the percentage of the people that will be killed or injured due to those effects. The knowledge about these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. For instance, much more is known about the damage caused by heat radiation, than about the damage due to toxic exposure, and for these toxic effects, the knowledge differs strongly between different materials.

In Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are distinguished:

✓ Toxic effects, from toxic materials or toxic combustion products. ✓ Heat radiation, from a jet, pool fire, a flash fire or a BLEVE. ✓ Explosion In the next paragraphs, the chosen damage criteria are given and explained. Intoxication The consequences from inhalation of a toxic vapor/gas are determined by the toxic dose. This dose is basically determined by:

o Concentration of the vapor in air; o Exposure duration.

Furthermore, of course, the breathing rates of the victim, as well as the specific toxic mechanism unto the metabolism play an important role. Heat Radiation The consequence caused by exposure to heat radiation is a function of:

o The radiation energy onto the human body (kW/m2) o The exposure duration [sec]; o The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body). o The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second-degree burns are given in the table herein: Table 7.6 Damages to Human Life Due to Heat Radiation Exposure Radiation for 1% Radiation for 2nd Radiation for first duration lethality (kW/m2) degree burns degree burns (kW/m2) (kW/m2) 10 seconds 21.2 16 12.5 30 seconds 9.3 7 4

Since in practical situations, only the own employees will be exposed to heat radiation in case of a fire, it is reasonable to assume the protection by clothing. It can be assumed that people would be able to find a cover or a shield against thermal radiation in 10 sec. time. Furthermore, 100% lethality may be assumed for all people suffering from direct

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 205 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) contact with flames, such as the pool fire, a flash fire or a jet flame. The effects due to relatively lesser incident radiation intensity are given below. Table 7.7 Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity Incident radiation in Type of damage kw/m2 12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc. 9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. second degree burns after 20 sec. 4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first degree burns are likely) 1.6 No discomfort for long exposure 0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation

Explosion In case of vapor cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur:

▪ flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud; ▪ blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source.

As explained above, 100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud proper.

For the blast wave, the lethality criterion is based on:

o A peak overpressure of 0.1 bar will cause serious damage to 10% of the housing/structures. o Falling fragments will kill one of each eight persons in the destroyed buildings.

The following damage criteria may be distinguished with respect to the peak overpressures resulting from a blast wave: Table 7.8 Damage Due To Overpressures Peak overpressure Type of damage 0.83 bar Total Destruction 0.30 bar Heavy Damage 0.10 bar Moderate Damage 0.03 bar Significant Damage 0.01 bar Minor Damage

Maximum credible loss accident scenerios A Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) can be characterized as the worst credible accident. In other words: an accident in an activity, resulting in the maximum consequence distance that is still believed to be possible. A MCA-analysis does not

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 206 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) include a quantification of the probability of occurrence of the accident. Another aspect, in which the pessimistic approach of MCA studies appears, is the atmospheric condition that is used for dispersion calculations. As per the reference of the study, weather conditions having an average wind speed of 1.85 m/s have been chosen.

The Maximum Credible Loss (MCL) scenarios have been developed for the Facility. The MCL cases considered, attempt to include the worst “Credible” incidents- what constitutes a credible incident is always subjective. Nevertheless, guidelines have evolved over the years and based on basic engineering judgment, the cases have been found to be credible and modeling for assessing vulnerability zones is prepared accordingly. Only catastrophic cases have been considered and not partial or small failures (as is the case in Quantitative Risk Assessment where contributions from low frequency - high outcome effect as well as high frequency - low outcome events are distinguished). The objective of the study is emergency planning, hence only holistic & conservative assumptions are used for obvious reasons. Hence though the outcomes may look pessimistic, the planning for emergency concept should be borne in mind whilst interpreting the results. Consequence Analysis Calculations The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios. This has been done for weather conditions having wind speed 1.62 m/s. In Consequence Analysis, geographical location of the source of potential release plays an important role. Consideration of a large number of scenarios in the same geographical location serves little purpose if the dominant scenario has been identified and duly considered. Quantitative risk assessment based on ALOHA ALOHA (Arial Locations of Hazards Atmosphere) is an atmospheric dispersion model used for evaluating releases of hazardous chemical vapors. ALOHA is a part of software called CAMEO (Computer Aided Management of Emergency Operation). CAMEO is one of the tools developed by EPA’s Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA), to assist front-line chemical emergency planners and responders. CAMEO consists of three parts viz. CAMEO (which is basically a data base), ALOHA and MARPLOT (Mapping Applications for Response, Planning, and Local Operational Tasks). ALOHA allows the user to estimate the downwind dispersion of a chemical cloud based on the toxicological/physical characteristics of the released chemical, atmospheric conditions, and specific circumstances of the release. Graphical outputs include a "cloud footprint" that can be plotted on maps with MARPLOT to display the location of other facilities storing hazardous materials and vulnerable locations, such as hospitals and schools. Specific information about these locations can be extracted from CAMEO information modules to help make decisions about the degree of hazard posed. Systematic study based on ALOHA has been carried out for critical tanks and gas leakage scenarios. The details of consequence analysis studies carried out are presented at Annexure 7.2 for various accident and consequence scenarios like:

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Table 7.9 Consequence Analysis studies carried out Failure Scenarios Accident Scenario Effects Catastrophic failure of vapor cloud formation and Toxic area of vapor cloud tank dispersion Flammable area of vapor cloud Explosion of vapor cloud Overpressure effects of VCE Vapor cloud catching fire Radiation Effects from pool fire Radiation effect from fireball Leakage from pump vapor cloud formation and Toxic area of vapor cloud discharge valve dispersion Flammable area of vapor cloud Explosion of vapor cloud Overpressure effects of VCE Failure frequency data as given in Loss Prevention in Process Industries by Frank P Lees is presented below for information. Table 7.10 Failure Frequency Data SR. ITEM FAILURE FREQUENCY NO. (No. per 106 years) 1 Shell 2 Process / Pressure Vessel 1.0 3 Atmospheric Pressure Storage 0.1 4 Full Bore Vessel Connection 25 30.0 40 10.0 50 7.5 100 4.0 150 3.0 5 Full Bore Process Pipeline (Diameter in mm) Less Than 50 0.30* >50, <150 0.09* More than 150 0.03* (*Failure frequency expressed in No. per met length per 106 years) The Maximum Credible Accident scenario likely identified is leakage of pump discharge line due formation of pin hole/leakage (20% flow). The damage distances worked out for this scenario indicates that for most of the effects the damage will be confined to the plant boundary. The above table indicates that probability of occurrence of this scenario is very low (<0.5 x 106 years), which is within the acceptable limits. However, various preventive and protective measures are required to ensure that the above accident scenarios do not occur. These are presented in section below.

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Table 7.11 Findings of Consequence Analysis Studies

1) Methanol Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 1 Methanol The contents of the tank leaking in Methano 1/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity AEGL-3 7200 20 the dyke enclosure and forming a l effect ppm pool AEGL-2 2100 49 ppm AEGL-1 530 ppm 150 Methano 1/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 43080 11 l ppm 10 % LEL 7180 28 ppm Methano 1/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - l cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Methano 1/4 Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 l lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 10 Methano 1/5 Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 433 l fireball lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 627 burnsevere pain 2 kw/m2 991 1 Methanol Failure of the unloading pump Methano 2/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity AEGL-3 7200 105 line (20 % flow) l effect ppm AEGL-2 2100 234 ppm AEGL-1 530 ppm 579 Methano 2/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 43080 32 l ppm 10 % LEL 7180 105 ppm Methano 2/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - l cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi 24 1 Methanol Failure of the Transfer pump line Methano 3/1 Gas not burning – Toxicity AEGL-3 7200 105 (20 % flow) l effect ppm AEGL-2 2100 234 ppm AEGL-1 530 ppm 579 Methano 3/2 Flammable area of vapor cloud Bldg. 43080 32 l destruction (no ppm part above LEL) 10 % LEL 7180 105 ppm Methano 3/3 Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - l cloud explosion destruction Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi 24

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Ethanol

Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 2 Ethanol The contents of the tank leaking in Ethanol 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 NA - the dyke enclosure and forming a 1 effect pool ERPG - 2 3300 ppm 22 ERPG - 1 1800 ppm 32 Ethanol 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 19800 13 2 ppm 10 % LEL 3300 ppm 31 Ethanol 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Ethanol 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 kw/m2 <10 4 lethal 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 12 Ethanol 1/ Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially 10 kw/m2 509 5 lethal 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 728 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 1100 2 Ethanol Failure of the unloading pump Ethanol 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 NA - line (20 % flow) 1 effect ERPG - 2 3300 ppm 123 ERPG - 1 1800 ppm 177 Ethanol 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 19800 42 2 ppm 10 % LEL 3300 ppm 123 Ethanol 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi 35 2 Ethanol Failure of the Transfer pump line Ethanol 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 NA - (20 % flow) 1 effect ERPG - 2 3300 ppm 123 ERPG - 1 1800 ppm 177 Ethanol 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud Bldg. 19800 42 2 destruction (no ppm part above LEL) 10 % LEL 3300 ppm 123 Ethanol 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - 3 cloud explosion destruction Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi 35

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2) Octanol

Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 3 Octanol The contents of the tank leaking in Octanol 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity EPRG 3 150 ppm 11 the dyke enclosure and forming a 1 effect pool EPRG 2 20 ppm 13 EPRG 1 5 ppm 27 Octanol 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 5040 11 2 ppm 10 % LEL 840 ppm 11 Octanol 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Octanol 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 4 lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 14 Octanol 1/ Radiation effect from th fireball Potentially 10 574 5 lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 814 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 1300 3 Octanol Failure of the unloading pump Octanol 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity EPRG 3 150 ppm 397 line (20 % flow) 1 effect EPRG 2 20 ppm 1300 EPRG 1 5 ppm 2600 Octanol 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 5040 56 2 ppm 10 % LEL 840 ppm 147 Octanol 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 50 Glass shatter 1 psi 76 3 Octanol Failure of the Transfer pump line Octanol 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity EPRG 3 150 ppm 397 (20 % flow) 1 effect EPRG 2 20 ppm 1300 EPRG 1 5 ppm 2600 Octanol 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 5040 56 2 ppm 10 % LEL 840 ppm 147 Octanol 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 50 Glass shatter 1 psi 76

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3) Isobutanol

Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 4 Isobutanol The contents of the tank leaking in Isobuta 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 8000 10 the dyke enclosure and forming a nol 1 effect ppm pool PAC - 2 1300 17 ppm PAC - 1 150 ppm 82 Isobuta 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 10200 10 nol 2 ppm 10 % LEL 1700 22 ppm Isobuta 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - nol 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Isobuta 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 nol 4 lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 13 Isobuta 1/ Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 531 nol 5 fireball lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 755 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 1200 4 Isobutanol Failure of the unloading pump Isobuta 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 8000 56 line (20 % flow) nol 1 effect ppm PAC - 2 1300 158 ppm PAC - 1 150 ppm 572 Isobuta 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 10200 51 nol 2 ppm 10 % LEL 1700 136 ppm Isobuta 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - nol 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 41 Glass shatter 1 psi 66 4 Isobutanol Failure of the Transfer pump line Isobuta 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 8000 56 (20 % flow) nol 1 effect ppm PAC - 2 1300 158 ppm PAC - 1 150 ppm 572 Isobuta 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 10200 51 nol 2 ppm 10 % LEL 1700 136 ppm Isobuta 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - nol 3 cloud explosion destruction Serious injury 3.5 psi 41 Glass shatter 1 psi 66

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4) Iso Propyl Alcohol Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 5 Isopropyl The contents of the tank leaking in Isoprop 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 12000 - alcohol the dyke enclosure and forming a yl 1 effect ppm pool alcohol PAC - 2 2000 30 ppm PAC - 1 400 ppm 84 Isoprop 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 12000 - yl 2 ppm alcohol 10 % LEL 2000 30 ppm Isoprop 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - yl 3 cloud explosion destruction (no alcohol part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Isoprop 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 yl 4 lethal kw/m2 alcohol 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 13 Isoprop 1/ Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 506 yl 5 fireball lethal kw/m2 alcohol 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 721 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 1100 5 Isopropyl Failure of the unloading pump Isoprop 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 12000 51 alcohol line (20 % flow) yl 1 effect ppm alcohol PAC - 2 2000 139 ppm PAC - 1 400 ppm 360 Isoprop 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 12000 51 yl 2 ppm alcohol 10 % LEL 2000 139 ppm Isoprop 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - yl 3 cloud explosion destruction (no alcohol part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 41 Glass shatter 1 psi 63 5 Isopropyl Failure of the Transfer pump line Isoprop 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 12000 51 alcohol (20 % flow) yl 1 effect ppm alcohol PAC - 2 2000 139 ppm PAC - 1 400 ppm 360 Isoprop 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 12000 51 yl 2 ppm alcohol 10 % LEL 2000 139 ppm Isoprop 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - yl 3 cloud explosion destruction (no alcohol part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 41 Glass shatter 1 psi 63

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5) Acetic Acid

Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 6 Acetic acid The contents of the tank leaking in Acetic 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 250 ppm 70 the dyke enclosure and forming a acid 1 effect pool ERPG - 2 35 ppm 276 ERPG - 1 5 ppm 820 Acetic 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 < 10 acid 2 ppm 10 % LEL 4000 16 ppm Acetic 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - acid 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Acetic 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 acid 4 lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 <10 Acetic 1/ Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 367 acid 5 fireball lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 547 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 876 6 Acetic acid Failure of the unloading pump Acetic 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 250 ppm 557 line (20 % flow) acid 1 effect ERPG - 2 35 ppm 1800 ERPG - 1 5 ppm 4600 Acetic 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 40 acid 2 ppm 10 % LEL 4000 109 ppm Acetic 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - acid 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 29 Glass shatter 1 psi 47 6 Acetic acid Failure of the Transfer pump line Acetic 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 250 ppm 557 (20 % flow) acid 1 effect ERPG - 2 35 ppm 1800 ERPG - 1 5 ppm 4600 Acetic 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 40 acid 2 ppm 10 % LEL 4000 109 ppm Acetic 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - acid 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 29 Glass shatter 1 psi 47

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6) Acetic Anhydride Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distance No , meters

7 Acetic The contents of the tank leaking in Acetic 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 100 ppm 58 ahydride the dyke enclosure and forming a ahydrid 1 effect pool e ERPG - 2 15 ppm 237

ERPG - 1 0.5 ppm 1700 Acetic 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 16200 <10 ahydrid 2 ppm e 10 % LEL 2700 11 ppm Acetic 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - ahydrid 3 cloud explosion destruction (no e part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Acetic 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 ahydrid 4 lethal kw/m2 e 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 11 Acetic 1/ Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 257 ahydrid 5 fireball lethal kw/m2 e 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 376 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 596 7 Acetic Failure of the unloading pump Acetic 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 100 ppm 675 ahydride line (20 % flow) ahydrid 1 effect e ERPG - 2 15 ppm 1900 ERPG - 1 0.5 ppm 9100 Acetic 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 16200 41 ahydrid 2 ppm e 10 % LEL 2700 102 ppm Acetic 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - ahydrid 3 cloud explosion destruction (no e part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 29 Glass shatter 1 psi 53 7 Acetic Failure of the Transfer pump line Acetic 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity ERPG - 3 100 ppm 675 ahydride (20 % flow) ahydrid 1 effect e ERPG - 2 15 ppm 1900 ERPG - 1 0.5 ppm 9100 Acetic 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 16200 41 ahydrid 2 ppm e 10 % LEL 2700 102 ppm Acetic 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - ahydrid 3 cloud explosion destruction (no e part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 29 Glass shatter 1 psi 53

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7) Cyclohexane Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 8 Cyclohexan The contents of the tank leaking in Cyclohe 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 10000 13 e the dyke enclosure and forming a xane 1 effect ppm pool PAC - 2 1700 43 ppm PAC - 1 300 ppm 118 Cyclohe 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 78000 17 xane 2 ppm 10 % LEL 1300 49 ppm Cyclohe 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - xane 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi <10 Glass shatter 1 psi 20 Cyclohe 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 xane 4 lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 15 Cyclohe 1/ Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 393 xane 5 fireball lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 555 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 865 8 Cyclohexan Failure of the unloading pump Cyclohe 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 10000 48 e line (20 % flow) xane 1 effect ppm PAC - 2 1700 124 ppm PAC - 1 300 ppm 338 Cyclohe 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 78000 54 xane 2 ppm 10 % LEL 1300 144 ppm Cyclohe 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - xane 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 41 Glass shatter 1 psi 73 8 Cyclohexan Failure of the Transfer pump line Cyclohe 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 10000 48 e (20 % flow) xane 1 effect ppm PAC - 2 1700 124 ppm PAC - 1 300 ppm 338 Cyclohe 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 78000 54 xane 2 ppm 10 % LEL 1300 144 ppm Cyclohe 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - xane 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 41 Glass shatter 1 psi 73

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8) Isophorone Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 9 Isophoron The contents of the tank leaking in Isophor 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 200 ppm 10 e the dyke enclosure and forming a one 1 effect pool PAC - 2 33 ppm 20

PAC - 1 12 ppm 36 Isophor 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 10 one 2 ppm 10 % LEL 800 ppm 10 Isophor 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - one 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi - Glass shatter 1 psi - Isophor 1/ Radiation effect from pool fire Potentially 10 <10 one 4 lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 <10 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 14 Isophor 1/ Radiation effect from the Potentially 10 376 one 5 fireball lethal kw/m2 2 nd degree 5 kw/m2 533 burn severe pain 2 kw/m2 833 9 Isophoron Failure of the unloading pump Isophor 2/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 200 ppm 341 e line (20 % flow) one 1 effect PAC - 2 33 ppm 983 PAC - 1 12 ppm 1700 Isophor 2/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 60 one 2 ppm 10 % LEL 800 ppm 155 Isophor 2/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - one 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 51 Glass shatter 1 psi 78 9 Isophoron Failure of the Transfer pump line Isophor 3/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 200 ppm 341 e (20 % flow) one 1 effect PAC - 2 33 ppm 983 PAC - 1 12 ppm 1700 Isophor 3/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 4800 60 one 2 ppm 10 % LEL 800 ppm 155 Isophor 3/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi - one 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 51 Glass shatter 1 psi 78

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9) Ammonia Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distance No , meters

10 Ammonia The contents of the tank Ammoni 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity AEGL-3 1100 ppm 790 (tonner) leaking in the dyke a 1 effect enclosure and forming a pool (Direct source) AEGL-2 160 ppm 1600 AEGL-1 30 ppm 3300 Ammoni 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 90000 177 a 2 10 % LEL ppm15000 379 ppm Ammoni 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. - - a 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury - - Glass shatter - 138

10) Chlorine Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distanc No e , meters 11 Chlorine The contents of the tank Chlorin 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity AEGL-3 20 ppm 1800 (tonner) leaking in the dyke e 1 effect enclosure and forming a pool (Direct source) AEGL-2 2 ppm 4900 AEGL-1 0.5 ppm 9000 Chlorin 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL NA - e 2 10 % LEL NA - Chlorin 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. NA - e 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury NA - Glass shatter NA

11) Hydrogen Calculations of affected distances considering various scenarios have been done and summarized results are as below: Sr Substance Failure Scenerio Scenerio No Effects considered Level of concern (LOC) Distance No , meters

12 Hydrogen The contents of the Cylinder Hydrog 1/ Gas not burning – Toxicity PAC - 3 400000 11 leaking in the dyke enclosure en 1 effect ppm (Direct source) PAC - 2 230000 14 ppm PAC - 1 65000 ppm 27 Hydrog 1/ Flammable area of vapor cloud 60 % LEL 24000 ppm 61 en 2 10 % LEL 4000 ppm 151 Hydrog 1/ Overpressure effect of vapor Bldg. 8.5 psi 44 en 3 cloud explosion destruction (no part above LEL) Serious injury 3.5 psi 47 Glass shatter 1 psi 64

Consolidated recommendations/suggestions and Preventive and Mitigation Measures to control the Risk are summarized below, Mitigation Measures • Isolate the source if possible without risk.

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• If leakage is small, dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. If necessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate. • Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. • Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. • Use water spray to reduce vapors. • Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas. • Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate. Preventive Measures o A dike will be provided to accommodate the full quantity stored in all the drums. o Drums will be stored in designated area. o Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective TLVs. o Never add water to the product. o In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. o Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, organic materials, metals, alkalis, moisture. o Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. o While handling always use face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. o Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work- station location. Measures to control and mitigate emergency ✓ Priority will be given to Tanker to immediately enter the storage premises at site and will not be kept waiting near the gate or the main road. ✓ Security person will check License, TREM CARD, Fire extinguisher condition, required PPEs as per SOP laid down. ✓ Store officer will take sample as per sampling SOP from sampling point. ✓ After approval of QC department unloading procedure will be allowed be started. Following precautions will be adopted during unloading ✓ Wheel stopper will be provided to tanker at unloading platform. ✓ Tanker unloading procedure will be followed according to check list and implemented. ✓ Flexible hose connection will be done at tanker outlet line and checked for no leakage. ✓ Every time gasket will be changed. ✓ The quantity remaining in the hose pipeline will be drained to a small container, which will be subsequently transferred to the main storage tank thus ensuring complete closed conditions for transfer from road tanker. ✓ All tanker valves will be closed. Following precautions will be adopted Storage of such chemicals

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✓ Storage tank will be stored away from the process plant. ✓ Tanker unloading procedure will be prepared and implemented. ✓ Caution note and emergency handling procedure will be displayed at unloading area and trained all operators. ✓ NFPA label will be provided. ✓ Required PPEs like full body protection PVC apron, Hand gloves, gumboot, Respiratory mask etc. will be provided to operator. ✓ Neutralizing agent will be kept ready for tackle any emergency spillage. ✓ Safety shower, eye wash with quenching unit will be provided in acid storage area. ✓ Material will be handled in close condition in pipe line. ✓ Dyke wall will be provided to all storage tanks, collection pit with valve provision. ✓ Double drain valve will provided. ✓ Level gauge will be provided on all storage tanks. ✓ Safety permit for loading unloading of hazardous material will be prepared and implemented. ✓ TREM CARD will be provided to all transporters and will be trained for transportation Emergency of ✓ Hazardous chemicals. ✓ Fire hydrant system with jockey pump as per TAC norms will be installed. Mitigation measures to control Emergency o Safety Shower and eye wash will be provided away from the tank and unloading station. o Sand bags/ buckets will be provided near tank area. o Neutralizing medium (Lime and dry sand) will be kept ready near tank farm. o Emergency siren and wind sock will be provided. o Tele Communication system and mobile phone will be used in case of emergency situations for communication. o First Aid Boxes and Occupational health centre will be made at site. o Emergency organization and team will be prepared. o Full body protection suite and other PPEs will be kept ready in ECC at site. o Emergency team will be prepared and trained for scenario base emergency. Like Toxic control team, Fire o control team, First aid team, communication and general administration team, Medical team etc. SPILL OR LEAK

o Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. o Stop leak if you can do it without risk. o Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. o Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

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o Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. o Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. o Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Other Control Measures Suggested for tanks • Storage tank shall be appropriately dyked for the spill containment as per NFPA guidelines • Periodic inspection and maintenance program on the tank, pumps and piping shall be ensured. • Least number of flanged joints to be provided in the pipelines. • Visual inspection of the pipelines to be done periodically to ascertain external pitting and corrosion. • Protective equipment such as gloves, lab coat, vapor respirator, splash goggles shall be ensured while handling the chemicals. • Spill control kit to be made available at location. • Prominent signage of hazards (such as “Danger”, No smoking”) of the substances shall be provided on the tank and surroundings in addition to the cautionary notice as required under provisions of Schedule XII of MFR 114. • Comprehensive SOP to be formulated for the unloading and transfer operation indicating sequence of valve operation. • Periodic inspection of unloading/loading hoses to be included in Preventive maintenance program. • Ensure that the tankers are regularly checked by the transporter. • Preventive Maintenance program to ensure tanks inspection, thickness check • Gas leak Detector to be provided near the pumps (Diesel) • Training to be provided to both, Field Operator & Panel Operator • Provision for Earthing of Tanker must be provided near the Tanker unloading point • SOP to be formulated to ensure 1. Oxygen content should be minimum – purging with Nitrogen 2. Moisture content to be within acceptable limit • The flanges on the fatty acid pipelines shall be so covered (Flange guard) that any leakage may not cause spray of fatty acid. For the flanges which are above working and walking surfaces, cachepots with adequate drain pipes shall be provided to avoid dripping of acid on the body. • Floors of the storage area shall be of acid-resistant material and shall be adequately slope for easy draining of any spilled acid.

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• The firefighting system for equipment and vessels in Plant shall be designed conforming to OISD norms. Fire hydrant network should be considered taking into consideration of additional cooling water requirement.

• Health check-up and maintenance of the equipment and pipelines should be done at regular intervals to avoid any major failure.

• Instruments and trip interlocks should be checked and calibrated at regular intervals to prevent any wrong signaling and consequent failures.

• Storage Tanks should be provided with water sprinklers as per guidelines.

• Firefighting system as well as portable fire-fighting appliances should be always kept in good working condition. Safety appliances should also be checked and kept in good working condition.

• Mock Drills should be conducted at regular intervals.

• To reduce the failure frequency due care should be taken in design, construction, inspection and operation. Well-established codes of practices should be followed for design, inspection and construction of the facility.

• The operation of the unit should be done by experienced and trained operating personnel. They should also have training in firefighting operation.

• Smoking should be strictly prohibited inside the installation.

• Non -sparking tools should be used for maintenance to avoid any spark.

• The equipment’s including storage tanks and pipelines should be properly earthed to avoid accumulation of static electricity. • Maintenance of moving equipment’s should be done regularly as per instruction of the suppliers as well as by experience of the company.

• Good liaison should be maintained with outside organization and District Administration, hospitals and nursing homes in the locality as well as in nearby towns.

Proposed fire detection and protection measures are given in Annexure 7.6. HAZOP Study

Objective For identifying cause and the consequences of perceived mal operations of equipment and associated operator interfaces in the context of the complete system. It accommodates the status of recognized design standards and codes of practice but rightly questions the relevance of these in specific circumstances where hazards may remain undetected.

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Purpose of HAZOP It emphasizes upon the operating integrity of a system, thereby leading methodically to most potential and detectable deviations which could conceivably arise in the course of normal operating routine

- including "start-up” and "shut-down" procedures - as well as steady-state operations.

It is important to remember at all times that HAZOP is an identifying technique and not intended as a means of solving problems nor is the method intended to be used solely as an undisciplined means of searching for hazardous scenarios. Features of HAZOP study System/subsystems of Interest Equipment, Vessels, lines, valves etc. Modes of operation Normal operation Startup operation Shut down operation Maintenance/construction/inspection Triggering events Human errors Equipment/instrument/component failure Supply Failure Emergency event Other causes of abnormal operations Effect within plant Changes in chemical conditions Changes in inventory Change in chemical/physical condition Hazardous condition Release of material Change in material hazard characteristics Operating limits reached Exposure of energy source Corrective actions Change in process design Change in operating limits Change in system reliability Improvement of material containment Change in control system How would hazardous During normal operation conditions detected Upon human failure Upon component failure In other circumstances

Contingency actions Improve isolation Improve protection

HAZOP study procedure o Procedure in HAZOP study consists of examining the process and instrumentation (P&I) line diagram, process line by process line.

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o A list of guide words is used to generate deviations from normal operation corresponding to all conceivable possibilities. o Guide words covering every parameter relevant to the system under review i.e. flow rate and quality, pressure, temperature, viscosity, components etc. Guide words None No forward flow when there should be More More of any parameter than there should be, e.g. more flow, more pressure, more temperature, etc. Less As above, but "less of" in each instance Part System composition difference from what it should be More than More "components" present than there should be for example, extra phase, impurities Other What needs to happen other than normal operation, e.g. start up, shutdown, maintenance? None e.g., NO FLOW caused by blockage; pump failure; valve closed or jammed: leak: valve open; suction vessel empty; delivery side over - pressurized: vapor lock; control failure Reverse e.g., REVERSE FLOW caused by pump failure: NRV failure or wrongly inserted; wrong routing; delivery over pressured; back- siphoning; pump reversed More of e.g., MORE FLOW caused by reduced delivery head ; surging ; suction pressurized ; controller failure ; valve stuck open leak ; incorrect instrument reading. More of MORE TEMPERATURE, pressure caused by external fires; blockage ; shot spots; loss of control ; foaming; gas release; reaction; explosion; valve closed; loss of level in heater; sun. Less of e.g., LESS FLOW caused by pump failure; leak; scale in delivery; partial blockage ; sediments ; poor suction head; process turndown. Less e.g., low temperature, pressure caused by Heat loss; vaporization; ambient conditions; rain; imbalance of input and output; sealing; blocked vent. Part of Change in composition high or low concentration of mixture; additional reactions in reactor or other location; feed change. More than Impurities or extra phase Ingress of contaminants such as air, water, lube oils; corrosion products; presence of other process materials due to internal leakage ; failure of isolation ; start-up features. Other Activities other than normal operation start-up and shutdown of plant ; testing and inspection ; sampling ; maintenance; activating catalyst; removing blockage or scale ; corrosion; process emergency ; safety procedures activated ; failure of power, fuel, steam , air, water or inert gas; emissions and lack of compatibility with other emission and effluents.

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Planning for HAZOP o Process and Instrumentation diagram (P & ID) o Safety procedures documents o Relief/venting philosophy o Chemical involved, hazards o Piping specifications o Carry out the study o Record the results o Follow-up of actions noted

1. Final report contains resolution of all recommended actions. 2. Must appoint someone as leader to check progress of action. 3. Team may meet again if answers to questions do not simply lead to an action. Team may meet again if significant design changes in interim report. HAZOP for proposed bulk storages HAZOP (Hazard operability studies) has been conducted for few proposed storage tanks to be provided on site. The study is carried by a combined team comprising senior officials of Prasol Chemicals Private limited and Scientists/Engineers of AESPL. Prasol will conduct HAZOP study for all the plants / processes once the basic engineering documents and P & ID’s of the plants are documented before implementation. The major hazards identified in Methanol, Ethanol and other flammable chemicals storages based on its physical and chemical properties. The principal recommendations of study are summarized below. Prasol shall comply with the recommendation of HAZOP recommendations (Compliance letter from Prasol Chemicals Limited is attached at Annexure 7.1). Recommendations based on HAZOP The recommendations/suggested control measures as mentioned above are summarized below Control Measures Suggested for Methanol and Ethanol storage Sr No Activity/HAZOP recommendation 1 Methanol is classified by the International Code Council and the National Fire Protection Agency as a class IB flammable liquid. 2 Storage tank shall be appropriately dyked for the spill containment as per NFPA guidelines 3 Periodic inspection and maintenance program on the tank, pumps and piping shall be ensured. 4 Least number of flanged joints will be provided in the pipelines 5 Pipelines will be supported adequately so as to avoid sagging. 6 Visual inspection of the pipelines will be done periodically to ascertain external pitting and corrosion. 7 Protective equipment such as gloves, lab coat, vapor respirator, splash goggles shall be ensured while handling methanol.

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8 Prominent signage of hazards (such as “Danger”, No smoking”) of the substances shall be provided on the tank and surroundings in addition to the cautionary notice as required under provisions of Schedule XII of MFR 114. 9 Comprehensive SOP to be formulated for the unloading operation indicating sequence of valve operation. 10 Periodic inspection of unloading hoses to be included in Preventive maintenance program. 11 Ensure that the tankers are regularly checked by the transporters 12 Preventive Maintenance program to ensure methanol tanks inspection, thickness check 13 Periodic maintenance / inspection of breather valve. 14 Preventive maintenance program to ensure methanol pumps inspection 15 Gas leak Detector to be provided near the pump 16 Training to be provided to both, Field Operator & Panel Operator 17 Engineering Controls to be incorporated at this stage to ensure that the residual liquid is put into the respective tank only & not into other tank, which can create hazardous consequences. 17 Provision for Earthing of Tanker must be provided near the Tanker unloading point 18 SOP to be formulated to ensure -Oxygen content should be minimum – purging with Nitrogen -Moisture content to be within acceptable Control Measures Suggested for Acetic acid /acetic anhydride storage Sr No Activity/HAZOP recommendation 1 Electrical wiring shall be made of acid-resistant insulation and encased in rigid metal or PVC conduits. 2 Periodic inspection and maintenance program on the tank would be ensured 3 For inspection, the top of the tank should be accessible by an independent metallic ladder without the use of the top of the tank which is likely to be corroded due to action of mist. 4 The periodic maintenance on the pump would be ensured. 5 Tanks shall be placed on raised off foundation by at least two layers of acid- proof bricks. The tanks shall be mounted with a slight slope towards the sludge hole or outlet valve. 6 Least number of flanged joints will be provided in the pipelines. 7 Pipelines will be supported adequately so as to avoid sagging of the same during operation. 8 Visual inspection of the pipelines will be done periodically to ascertain external pitting and corrosion. 9 Protective equipment such as gloves, lab coat, vapor respirator, splash goggles shall be ensured while handling the substance. 10 Pipelines, tanks and pumps shall be inspected regularly for any leak. 11 Prominent signage of hazards (such as “Danger”, No smoking”) of the substances shall be provided on the tank and surroundings in addition to the cautionary notice as required under provisions of Schedule XII of MFR 114

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12 The tank shall be surrounded by a bund wall having adequate capacity to hold the 110 % of the tank capacity. 13 The flanges on the acid pipelines shall be so covered (Flange guard) that any leakage may not cause spray of acid. For the flanges which are above working and walking surfaces, cachepots with adequate drain pipes shall be provided to avoid dripping of acid on the body. 14 Floors of the storage area shall be of acid-resistant material and shall be adequately slope for easy draining of any spilled acid. 15 Comprehensive SOP to be formulated for the unloading operation indicating sequence of valve operation 16 Periodic inspection of unloading hoses to be included in Preventive maintenance program 17 Ensure that the tankers are regularly checked by the transporter 18 PM program to ensure tanks inspection due to corrosive nature of the acid 19 Training to be provided to both, Field Operator & Panel Operator 20 Safe arrangement for putting the residual liquid removed from the Tanker into storage Tank 21 PSSR (Pre Start up Safety Review) shall be conducted once the system is installed before pre commissioning /commissioning activities with all concerned departments and detail engineering company.

Qualitative risk assessment At times, Risk involved in various processes / process equipment’s cannot be addressed completely by Consequence Analysis. As a conservative approach, these risks have been considered separately herein. The approach is to identify hazards associated in operation of equipment’s as well as in processes, assessing its impacts, ranking the risk posed by it and finally to propose remedial actions/mitigation measures such that the risk is minimized to tolerable level.

The Risk Matrix presented below should be referred in evaluating this assessment.

In Qualitative Risk Assessment, risk has been analysed using methodology called HIRA- Hazards Identification & Risk Assessment. In HIRA, major manual activities carried out by plant personnel as well as contract labours have been considered.

Qualitative Risk Assessment has been carried out for the following areas: 1) Storage and Handling of Toxic Liquid Chemicals 2) Storage and Handling of Flammable Chemicals 3) Storage and handling of solid chemicals

Table 7.12 Risk matrix for qualitative risk assessment Severity Likelihood / Catastrophic Major/ Moderate Minor/Margi Insignificant Probability (Death/System Critical (Less nal /Negligible Loss) (Serious Serious (Minor (No injury/Illness) Injury/Illness) Injury/Illness) injury/illness)

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1 2 3 4 5 Almost E H H H M M certain Likely D H H M M L Possible C H M M M L Unlikely B M M M L L Impossible A M M L L L

Risk range Criteria for risk Remark Acceptability

H Unacceptable/ Management’s Decision/Action Plan Required. High Potential offsite Impact. M Medium Generally Minor Impact. Acceptable with Management’s Review. Specific monitoring or SOP to be followed. L Low Acceptable without Review. Manage through Routine Procedure. Storage and handling of Toxic Chemicals (e.g. NaOH lye) N Activity Hazard Safety and Initial Existing Residual Additional

o / associa health risk control risk recommenda

Process ted impact risk measure tions

s

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihood Likelihood 1 Tanker Toxic - Toxic 2 C M PPEs are 4 B L SOPs to be unloadi chemic Vapour used. prepared ng al Inhalation and followed. release -Skin/Eye Storage Irritation/ tank area Spill burn is and containment will be in kit To be open made space. available

Flange/Ferru le joints etc. to be checked Periodically. 2 Transfer Spillage Inhalation 2 C M Storage 4 B L As above ring of / of tank area solvent Leakage Toxic is in from . Vapours. open storage space.

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N Activity Hazard Safety and Initial Existing Residual Additional

o / associa health risk control risk recommenda

Process ted impact risk measure tions

s

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihood Likelihood area to Spill Process containm plant. ent kit to be made available. Dyke Wall will be available. PPEs are used. Only trained operator s are allowed to work in this area. Inspectio n (for pumps, flange joints etc.) is carried out on Regular basis. Table 7.13 Storage and handling of Flammable Chemicals N Activity Hazard Safety Initial Existing Residual Additional

o / associa and risk control risk recommen

Process ted health measures dations

impact

d

risk d

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihoo Likelihoo 1 Unloadi Spillage Burn 2 D H Spill 4 C M SOPs to be ng from / injury. containment prepared Tanker. Leakag kit And e. Fatality is available to followed.

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N Activity Hazard Safety Initial Existing Residual Additional

o / associa and risk control risk recommen

Process ted health measures dations

impact

d

risk d

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihoo Likelihoo . contain Generat the leakage. Foam type ion Damag fire of static e to Earthing extinguisher Charge. Equip mechanism is to be ment’s provided for provided in Fire and tankers. nearby facilitie Location. Explosi s. Appropriate on PPEs like Fire monitor Safety with Goggles, Butyl provision of or Nitrile connection rubber gloves, of foam gumboot, To be plastic apron provided. etc. are used. AFFF foam Only trained trolley operators are to be made allowed to available. work in this area. Proper fencing to be provided for undergroun d solvent tanks. 2 Transfe Spillage Burn 2 D H Earthing is 4 C M As above rring of / injury. done for solvent Leakag transfer from e. Fatality pump, storage . transfer lines area to Generat etc. process ion Damag Flange-to- plant. of static e to flange charge. equip bonding is Fire ments done for and transfer lines. Explosi facilitie on s. Storage Area is marked as

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N Activity Hazard Safety Initial Existing Residual Additional

o / associa and risk control risk recommen

Process ted health measures dations

impact

d

risk d

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihoo Likelihoo “No Smoking”, Hazardous Area”, “Hot work Restricted” etc.

Only trained operators are allowed to work in this area.

Operators are trained for the chemical hazards, preventive/m itigative measures for chemicals, handling emergency situation Inspection (for pumps, flange joints etc.) is carried out on regular basis. Spill containment kit is available. Firefighting facilities is available as mentioned above. PPEs are used. 3 Storage Leakag Burn 2 D H Storage area 4 C M As above

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N Activity Hazard Safety Initial Existing Residual Additional

o / associa and risk control risk recommen

Process ted health measures dations

impact

d

risk d

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihoo Likelihoo Area e injury. has provision of Flame Fire Fatality natural/force detectors, . d Temperatur Explosi ventilation. e on Damag Routine actuated e to inspection of heat equip the area is detectors ments carried out with and by field alarms and facilitie operator. automatic s. Storage Area sprinkler is systems to marked as be “No installed in Smoking”, storage “Hazardous area, if Area”, possible or “Hot work required. Restricted” etc. Other relevant measures are same as above. Table 7.14 Storage and handling of solid Chemicals N Activit Hazard Safety and Initial risk Existing Residual Additional

o y / associat health control risk recommendati

Proces ed impact measure ons

s risk s

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihood Likelihood 1 Handlin Exposur Skin / Eye 4 C M - 4 B L Operators/Wor g e to the Irritation. Chemical kers to be Chemic chemical s are trained for Safe al bags stored in Work Practices. isolated storage Chemical rooms handling bags having to be labelled provisio properly.

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N Activit Hazard Safety and Initial risk Existing Residual Additional

o y / associat health control risk recommendati

Proces ed impact measure ons

s risk s

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihood Likelihood n for natural & Chemicals forced compatibility to ventilati be studied on. while storing solid and liquid Certified in warehouse Dust respirato r is used.

Suitable protectiv e clothing and other PPEs are used. 2 Cleani Fumes Severe 2 C M -Certified 4 B L Operators/Wor ng of Inhalatio irritation Dust kers to be Chemic n. to eyes, Respirat trained for Safe al Dust skin. or is Work Practices. Spillag Exposur Inhalati used. e. on. Chemical e. Suitabl handling bags e to be labelled protectiv properly. e clothing, Chemicals gloves, compatibility to safety be studied shoes are while storing used. solid and liquid in warehouse - Spillage is cleaned or neutraliz ed with suitable media.

Chemic als are

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N Activit Hazard Safety and Initial risk Existing Residual Additional

o y / associat health control risk recommendati

Proces ed impact measure ons

s risk s

Risk Risk

Severity Severity

Likelihood Likelihood stored in isolated storage rooms having provisio n for natural & forced

Dow Fire and Explosion Index Dow Fire & Explosion Index for the Storage Tanks method is used as a rapid ranking system to classify separate elements of the plants. The method is based on the Fire & Explosion Index Hazard Classification Guide developed by M/s. Dow Chemical Company (DOW INDEX) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) indices for health hazard. The Fire and Explosion Index (F & E I) indicates the fire and/or explosion hazard of the particular unit. Though the concept was developed basically for determining the "Risk Insurance", it also provides guidance on the degree of preventive methods to be provided. It also identifies the areas of priority for taking up the proactive control measures. The calculations of F & E I and Recommendations are done for the Methanol, Ethanol, Octanol, Isobutanol, IPA, Acetic acid, Aceric anhydride, Cyclohexane, O Cresol The degree of hazards and hazard severity are given below. The recommendations based on F & EI index are also summarized below The Mond index covers a wider range of process and storage installations, the processing of chemicals with explosive properties and the evaluation of a toxicity hazards index. It also allow for the off-setting effects of good design, and of control and safety instrumentation. The Dow and Mond indexes are useful techniques, which can be used in the early stages of a project design to evaluate the hazards and risks of the proposed process. Calculation of the indexes for the various sections of the process will highlight any particularly hazardous sections and indicate where a detailed study is needed to reduce the hazards. Mond Index/Calculation and Classification in Hazard Category for Storage Tanks are at Annexure 7.3 Figure 7.3 Hazard Category for Storage Tanks as per FETI study Fire and Degree of Mond Hazard No Chemical explosion index hazard index category 1 Methanol 247 Severe 9.15 III

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Fire and Degree of Mond Hazard No Chemical explosion index hazard index category 2 Ethanol 252 Severe 4.62 III 3 Octanol 161 Severe 11.69 III 4 Isobutanol 257 Severe 9.35 III 5 Iso propyl alcohol 251 Severe 9.2 III 6 Acetic acid 246 Severe 32.01 III 7 Acetic anhydride 208 Severe 33.56 III 8 Cyclohexane 242 Severe 9.05 III 9 O Cresol 262 Severe 30.71 III Based on the study on the index, recommendations planned / suggested measures for risk mitigation are given in below. Table 7.15 Planned & Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion index Planned / Suggested Measure based on Fire and Explosion Index Sr No Preventive & Protective Methanol, Ethanol, Octanol, Isobutanol, Features IPA, Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride,

Cyclohexane, O cresol F & E Index > 90 Recommendation* Remarks Range of F & EI >90 1 Fireproofing 4 Required 2 Water Spray 2a Directional 4 Required 2b Area 4 Required 2c Curtain 4 Required 3 Special Instrumentation 3a temperature 4 Required 3b pressure 4 Required 3c flow control 4 Required 4 Dust, blow down, spill control 4 Required 5 Internal examination 4 Required 6 Combustible gas Monitors 6a Signal alarm 4 Required 6b actuate equipment 4 Required 7 Remote operation 4 8 Diking 4 Required 9 Blast & barrier walls 4 Required separation * NOTE: 1) Feature optional 2) Feature suggested 3) Feature recommended 4) Feature required

Ammonia

Ammonia handling and its and its safety aspects

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Indian standard IS 4544: 2000 – Ammonia code for safety shall be followed at site. (Some salient safety code points are enumerated below) • Hazards associated with Ammonia

Health Hazards

Anhydrous ammonia is a strongly irritant chemical for the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. The liquid produces severe burns. The gas has a characteristic sharp penetrating odor. In sufficient concentrations, it produces painful irritation. Because of the unpleasant odor and prompt irritation, it is unlikely that anyone would voluntarily remain in an atmosphere seriously contaminated with ammonia. However, serious injury may result if escape is not possible. Inhalation of high concentrations produces violent coughing due to its local action on the respiratory tract. If rapid escape is not possible, severe lung irritation, pulmonary edema and death can result. Lower concentrations cause eye irritation, pulmonary edema and bronchitis. Table 1 shows effects of various concentrations of gas in air. Swallowing of the liquid results in severe corrosive action on the mouth, throat and stomach. Exposure to high gas concentrations may cause temporary blindness and severe eye damage. Direct contact of the eyes with liquid anhydrous ammonia will produce serious eye burns. Effect of ammonia at various concentrations Vapor concentration General effect Exposure period (ppm) 1-5 Odor detectable by most Prolonged repeated person exposure produces no injury 25 No adverse effect for Maximum allowable average worker concentration for 8 hour working exposure 35 No adverse effect for erage Exposure should not be worker longer than 15 minutes and should not occur more than four times per day 400 to 700 Nose and throat irritation Infrequent short (1/2 Eye irritation with tearing hour) exposure ordinarily produces no serious effect 2,000 to 3,000 Conculsive coughing Severe No permissible exposure. eye irritation May be fatal after short exposure 5,000 to 10,000 Respirator spasm. Rapid No permissible exposure. asphyxia Rapidly fatal

Fire and explosion hazard

Ammonia is capable of forming flammable mixtures with air within certain limits (16 to 25 percent by volume). The presence of oil, or a mixture of ammonia with other

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 236 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) combustible materials, will increase the fire hazard. The explosive range of ammonia is broadened by admixture of oxygen replacing air, and by temperature and pressure higher than atmospheric-pressure. Contact of ammonia with certain other chemicals, including mercury, chlorine, iodine, bromine, calcium, silver oxide, and hypochlorite, may form explosive compounds. Mercury instruments employed in anhydrous ammonia service should never be connected in such a manner as to permit contact of the mercury with liquid or gaseous anhydrous ammonia. i. Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) = 16% (v/v) ii. Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) = 25% (v/v)

Ammonia handling and storage (General)

• Before filling the cylinder with ammonia check and confirm for its validity. It shall have valid test certificate from the competent authorities. • Cylinders should never be subjected to rough handling or to abnormal mechanical shock, such as dropping and bumping. • Do not use rope slings for unloading. When handling by crane or derrick, a suitable platform, cradle or boat should be used. Do not use hooks, tongs or similar fastening devices. • Avoid dragging or sliding cylinders. It is safer to move the bottle type cylinders even short distances by using a suitable truck rather than by tilting or rolling them on their bottom edges. • Do not use electric magnets for unloading or handling. • Use a rack or chain to hold cylinders in place when hooked up for discharging. • Do not place or handle cylinders where they might form part of an electrical circuit. Contact with third rails or trolley wires shall be avoided. • Do not remove valve protection until ready to withdraw ammonia from the cylinder. • Do not temper with numbers, markings, or test dates stamped on cylinders. • Cylinders for ammonia or any other compressed gas, whether full or empty, should never be used as rollers for moving heavy or bulky articles.

Emptying the cylinder

• The tube type cylinder is normally used in the horizontal position. Two general types of valves are supplied. Depending on which type is involved, either the valve outlet or the valve stem is at an angle with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. It is the position of this valve outlet or stem which determines whether liquid or gaseous ammonia will be discharged from the cylinder.

• When the valve outlet or stem is on top. The dip-pipe on the inside of the cylinder is under the liquid, and therefore, liquid anhydrous ammonia will be

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discharged. To discharge gaseous ammonia, the cylinder is turned so that the valve outlet or stem points downward. Follow instructions of ammonia manufacturer concerned.

• The bottle type or vertical cylinder will discharge ammonia as a gas when placed in an upright or vertical position. Due to liquid ammonia expansion, a bottle type cylinder may, under certain elevated temperature conditions, discharge a small amount of liquid when the valve is opened, and it is recommended that bottle type cylinders be allowed to reach room temperature before the valve is opened. To discharge liquid anhydrous ammonia, this type of cylinder shall be placed in horizontal position with the valve outlet pointed up.

• The rate at which gaseous ammonia may be discharged from either type cylinder depends upon the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere and the surface area of the liquid ammonia.

• When the cylinder is empty, disconnect it, insert the valve plug and replace the cylinder protective cap. • If a bottle type cylinder has frozen during discharge, never use a pry under the valve end to loosen the cylinder. Use water to loosen the cylinder or wait for it to thaw out.

• Store empty cylinders separate from filled cylinders and fasten an EMPTY tag on cylinders immediately upon emptying. Close valve, replace plug or nut on valve outlet, and secure valve protecting cap snugly.

Indoor Storage

• If anhydrous ammonia shall be stored inside; store in a fire resistant structure, away from steam pipes and heating devices. Storage should be dry and cool. Avoid mechanical damage or overheating of storage tanks and cylinders.

• Suitable safety device like pressure control relieving system must be there to avoid excess pressurization. Safety valved ammonia storage tanks are to be designed for fire conditions.

• Ventilation should be provided through the structure in such a manner that full advantage of natural ventilation may be obtained. If natural ventilation is not sufficient, then storage area should be equipped with suitable type of mechanical ventilation.

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• CAUTION: Avoid pocketing of ammonia gas under floors, roofs, and similar structures.

• The vents from the storage tanks, relief valve must lead to a safe location to avoid any unwanted ammonia contamination in the working area.

• Locations used for inside storage of anhydrous ammonia shall be cut off from other occupancies and the building to be protected with automatic sprinklers, vapor tight electrical equipment, good natural ventilation, good floor drainage and adequate exposition venting.

• There should be provision of diagonally opposite emergency exits of each corner of the building and emergency push button at each exit which should sound alarm as part of warning system. Source of water should be available in vicinity for dealing with small spill and leaks. Fire hydrants should be located within 25 m of storage.

Outdoor Storage

• Outside storage tanks may be located at least 15 m away from buildings or adjacent to blank masonry building walls. The location should be away from any flammable liquid storage. Dyke of adequate size should be constructed around the storage tank Bulk Storage (Non-Refrigerated) • Anhydrous ammonia vaporizes at atmospheric temperature and pressure and for that reason shall be stored in gas-tight containers under pressure. Storage tank if kept outside should have arrangement for protection from sun.

• In case of multiple storage facilities, a plan should be prepared for readily and definitely approaching all shut-off valves and valves used for isolating various parts of the storage facilities. This is imperative; otherwise a serious leak under certain weather conditions may blanket out completely the storage area and make approach impossible. Approach routes to these valves should be demarcated prominently.

• Each storage area should be protected by at least one standard fire hydrant so located that a suitable hose stream may be brought to bear upon the storage for extinguishing a fire, or for the cooling effect in case of adjacent fires, This problem should be discussed beforehand with the fire department that would respond, so that a minimum delay will ensure in case fire exposes the storage. Isolated storage areas are recommended, in

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so far as may be practical, with respect to adjacent buildings and consistent with adequate safety. Adequate supply of fire extinguishers of the CO2 or BCF vapor type should be made at strategic points.

• In laying out new storage facilities or studying existing storage, consult suppliers of ammonia and of equipment and comply with all local, state or other regulations which apply. • If gauge glasses are used, they should be provided with excess flow check valves. The gauge glasses should not be longer than 120 cm and not more than 60 cm between supports. If gauge glasses are less than 25 mm, excess flow check valves may not be necessary. The gauge glasses should be protected by suitable guards to prevent breaking on external impact. • Arrangement for personnel water drench facilities should be made to provide immediate access to affected personnel. LABELLING Tankers or large consignments or smaller containers shall carry an identifying label or stencil depicting the symbol given in Fig. 2 of IS 1260 (Part 1) and the following information shall also be given in the lower half of the label.

AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS WARNING! Hazardous liquid and gas under pressure Liquid Causes Burns Gas Extremely Irritating Do not breathe gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing. In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call a physician at once in case of burns, especially to the eyes, nose and throat, or if the patient is unconscious. Keep cylinders away from heat and sun. Do not store with flammable or explosive materials. Never drop cylinders. Be sure connections are tight. Use no oil or lubricants on valves. Never refill cylinders. Keep the cylinders up-right (vertical) with its valve at the top and secure it properly.

Preventive measures Employee Education and Training Safety in handling ammonia depends, to a great extent, upon the effectiveness of employee education, proper safety instructions, intelligent supervision and the use of safe equipment.

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The education and training of employees to work safely and to use the personal protective equipment or other safeguards provided for them is the responsibility of supervision. Workers should be thoroughly informed of the hazards that may result from improper handling of ammonia. Each employees should be fully informed as to what to do in an emergency.

Employee education and training should include the following: a. Instruction and periodic drill or quiz regarding the locations, purpose and use of respiratory protective devices and other personal protective equipment and action to be taken during emergency. b. Instruction and periodic drill or quiz regarding the locations of safety showers, eye baths, bubbler drenching fountains, or the closest source of water for use in emergencies. c. Instructions to avoid all unnecessary inhalation of vapours of ammonia and all direct contact with the liquid. d. Instruction and periodic drill or quiz regarding the location, purpose and the use of emergency fire fighting equipment. Instruction to strictly prohibit smoking in storage area. e. Instructions to report to the proper authority all equipment failures and any unusual odor of ammonia.

Personal Hygiene Emergency showers and eye baths should be placed at convenient locations wherever anhydrous ammonia is used in quantity. Every employee should understand that direct contact with the chemical requires the instant application of large amounts of water to the affected area. These safety showers should be tested periodically for their proper functioning. Skin, eye and respiratory protective equipment will often be necessary. Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Use

While personal protective equipment is not an adequate substitute for good, safe working conditions, adequate ventilation, and intelligent conduct on the part of employees working with ammonia, it is, in many instances, the only practical means of protecting the worker, particularly in emergency situations. One should keep firmly in mind that personal protective equipment protects only the worker wearing it, and other unprotected workers in the area may be exposed to danger.

The correct usage of personal protective equipment requires the education of the workers in proper employment of the equipment available to him. Under conditions which are sufficiently hazardous to require personal protective equipment, its use

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Eye Protection

Gas-tight chemical goggles or full face mask should be worn when handling ammonia where leaks or spills may occur. Water wash or water sprays should be available in areas where ammonia leaks, spills or splashes may be encountered.

Respiratory Protection

Severe exposure to ammonia may occur in tanks during equipment cleaning and repairs, when decontaminating areas following spills, or in case of failure of piping or equipment. Employees who may be subject to such exposures should be provide with proper respiratory protection and trained in its use and care. Available types are described below.

NOTE– Respiratory protective equipment shall be carefully maintained, inspected, cleaned and sterilized at regular intervals, and always before and after use by another person.

Self-contained breathing apparatus

It permits the wearer to carry a supply of oxygen or air compressed in the cylinder (the self-generating type produces oxygen chemically) and allows considerable mobility. The length of time a self-contained breathing apparatus provides protection varies according to the amount of air, oxygen or regenerating material carried.

Compressed oxygen should not be used where there is danger of contact with flammable liquids or vapors, especially in confined spaces such as tanks or pits. A special type of self-contained breathing apparatus may be used which is provided with a small cylinder of compressed air for escape but is supplied with air through an air line for normal work purposes.

Positive pressure hose masks

These are supplied by blowers and require no internal lubrication. The wearer shall be able to use the same route for exit as for entrance and shall take precautions to keep the hose line free of entanglement. The air blower shall be placed in an area free of contaminants.

Air-line masks

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These are supplied with clean compressed air, are suitable for use only where conditions will permit safe escape in case of failure of the compressed air supply. These masks are usually supplied with air piped to the area from a compressor. It is extremely important that the air supply is taken from a safe source, and that is not contaminated by oil decomposition from inadequate cooling at the compressor. The safer method is to use a separate compressor of the type not requiring internal lubrication. Pressure reducing and relief valves as well as suitable traps and filters, shall be installed at all mask stations.

Chemical cartridge respirators

These may be used to avoid inhaling disagreeable but relatively harmless concentrations of ammonia vapor. These respirators, however, are not recommended for protection where toxic quantities of ammonia may be encountered. While using cartridge care must be taken to check the oxygen content in the area. It should be more than 16.5 percent (v/v) and chemical cartridges whose life is over, must not be available for use

CAUTION: Filter type respirators do not offer protection against gases and are unsuitable for use when working with ammonia. Head Protection Where there is no danger from falling objects, safety or ‘hard’ hats are considered unnecessary, soft, brimmed hat or caps should be worn to give protection against liquid leaks and splashes.

Foot Protection

Rubber boots or safety-toed rubber booties should be used as required. Rubber boots should be thoroughly cleaned and ventilated after contamination.

Body, Skin and Hand Protection Rubber or other protective gloves should be worn where any danger of contact with ammonia may occur. Impermeable wears may also be used.

For the protection of the skin, cotton shirt, trousers and underwear should be worn (cotton resists alkalis better than wool).

In case of emergency, a rubber apron or rubber coat may provide sufficient protection, but in areas of high ammonia concentration a complete gas suit should be worn.

For optimum protection of the body, the collar should be kept buttoned, glove (gauntlets) should be tucked inside of sleeves, and trouser legs should be left outside of boots.

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It is also suggested to have a valcro type tight fitting strap to have the legs and arm areas tight enough to avoid ammonia gas entry into the protective suit. In area of high ammonia concentration, ammonia may be absorbed by perspiration on the body even though appropriate protective clothing is worn. Severe discomfort may be minimized or prevented by the application of protective oil to such body areas in addition to the wearing of protective clothing. Spills and Leaks Leaks of ammonia should be searched for, preferably with hydrochloric acid solution or with either chlorine gas or sulphur dioxide gas using a small cylinder of the compressed gas. A white cloud is produced in the presence of ammonia. Because of the fire risk, sulphur candles should not be used. If leaks or spills occur, only properly protected personnel should remain in the area. In cases where leaks cannot be valved off, use large volumes of water sprayed directly on the leak and maintain contact until the contents have been discharged and the tank is empty. Leaking cylinders should be removed to the outdoors or to an isolated, well- ventilated area and the contents transferred to other suitable containers. All spills should be flushed away promptly with water. In handling or operating any type of ammonia system, always be sure that all valve connections and pipe lines are in proper order and condition before starting the operation. Keep compressors and motors clean and in good condition. Cleaning and repairs Preparation of Tanks and Equipment Tank and equipment cleaning and repairing should be done under the direction of thoroughly trained personnel who are fully familiar with all of the hazards and the safeguards necessary for the safe performance of the work. In addition to the precautions generally recommended for tank work, such as procurement of written approval of supervision, testing for oxygen content, use of rescue harness or life belt and life line, provision of grounded equipment in good condition for portable lights and power tools and stationing of thoroughly trained ‘watchers’ outside and tank entrance, additional precautions are recommended as follows: a. Make sure that all pressure has been relieved from tank. Use of compressor is frequently made to remove bulk of gas remaining after the liquid has been removed. b. Pressurize and depressurize the tank with air till ammonia content inside the tank becomes nil. After stopping the compressor, slowly vent the tank. Make sure that any gas escaping does not enter working area or expose other person. c. Fill tank completely with water and drain out. Repeat if any ammonia gas remains.

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d. Keep’adequate vents in open condition to avoid vacuum formation during filling the tank with water. e. If oil is found in the tank and requires to be removed, it should be done by steaming and draining and not by the use of solvents. f. Provide adequate fresh air supply. g. Use proper personal protective equipment. h. Flush all lines completely with water until no ammonia remains. i. Blank off lines; do not depend on shut-off valves.

Entering Tank – Not applicable.

Repair Work No welding and cutting of any type should be conducted on tanks or lines until they are completely free of ammonia and certified by competent person as well as safety work permit issued. Before refilling the tank with anhydrous ammonia, the tank should be thoroughly dry and vented to safe location.

Chlorine and its safety

o Chlorine is toxic gas. Chlorine gas is a respiratory irritant. The distinctive odor similar to household bleach is detectable easily at very low concentrations, o It is heavier than air. This makes it difficult to disperse. Hence usually a chlorine cloud travels longer distances. o It is normally stored at atmospheric temperature as liquid equilibrium with vapors. Hence container pressure will be vapor pressure at atmospheric pressure. o Toxic hazards are mainly due to Chlorine and Ammonia gas and other toxic chemicals leakage and its impact can cross the plant boundary (if not controlled in time). o The impact due to Chlorine / Ammonia can cross the plant boundary limit and affect larger area / nearby populace depending upon wind direction.

Cylinder storage area

o Chlorine Gas detectors to be placed near cylinder bank area and reactor area. o Chlorine tonner should be placed away from reactor area. o Chlorine & Hydrogen, Ammonia gas monitors should be installed in the respective storage facility. The early detection of any leak will help to prevent any potential big incident. It also gives enough time for evacuation of the people. o Chlorine gas is heavier than air so gas monitors should be mounted approximately two feet from the floor for quick and accurate detection. o If fire is present or imminent, chlorine and Ammonia containers and equipment should be moved to a safe location, if possible.

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o Non-leaking containers or equipment that cannot be moved should be kept cool by the application of water. This should continue until well after the fire has been extinguished and the containers are cooled. o Emergency handling equipment’s like SCBA sets, Fire extinguishers, Gas mask, PPEs, Chlorine emergency Kit, chlorine hood, caustic pit, Airline respirator, should be provided. o Storage tank shall be away from the process plants and Separation Distance shall be maintained. o Caustic drum shall be provided adjoining to Chlorine storage for any emergency. o Alternatively hood shall be provided that covers the Chlorine vessels in emergency and necessary connections provided directly connecting to the scrubbing system. o Emergency kit and two sets of breathing apparatus shall be provided to meet any emergency.

Hydrogen and its safety

For the safe handling of hydrogen, it is important to know its properties and the necessary safety measures. This write up describes the properties that are relevant to its safety, and provides practical hints for working safely with this gas.

• Physical Hydrogen properties

Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases (density 84 g/m3 at a temperature of 15 deg C and 1 bar). That is why escaping hydrogen will immediately rise upwards and accumulate under ceilings or similar areas. Hydrogen is either stored in gaseous form in cylinders or tanks at ambient temperature under high pressure (up to 300 bar), or it is stored or transported almost pressure less in the form of cryogenic liquid hydrogen in isolated receptacles. A pressure release of hydrogen at normal temperature results – unlike with other gases – in a slight rise in temperature. The temperature rises from 20 to 25 ºC when the pressure falls from 175 to 1 bar. This rise in temperature is not sufficient to cause the escaping hydrogen to ignite on its own, since the ignition temperature lies by 600 deg C.

Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) is a very light liquid (density 70 g/litre at a temperature of –253 ºC). LH2 evaporates very quickly at normal temperature, creating about 845 litres of gaseous hydrogen out of 1 litre LH2. Immediately after evaporation the gaseous hydrogen is still very cold and has approximately the same weight as air. That is the reason that it spreads out almost horizontally. However, it does warm up very fast. Its density is continually reduced and it then spreads upwards. At the temperature of liquid hydrogen all liquids and gases – except for helium – are solid. That is why all other substances have to be kept away from LH2 installations. A mixture of solid air and LH2 would have explosive characteristics. The low temperature of the liquid hydrogen causes the atmospheric air to condense on the outside of installation parts that haven‘t been insulated. Through the partial evaporation of nitrogen the liquid air could become enriched with oxygen and when coming into contact with combustible substances, act as fire agent.

• Chemical Hydrogen properties

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Hydrogen when combined with air or oxygen and then ignited will burn to water. Hydrogen can also react with other oxidising agents, i. e. chlorine or laughing gas. When hydrogen is combined with an oxidising agent and then ignited, the burning process can be explosive. If this process takes place in a closed room, a rapid pressure rise, which can be very destructive, can take place because of the generated heat.

The concentration levels at which hydrogen can react with air under normal pressure and normal temperature are, compared with other combustible gases, very wide spread (the lower explosion limit being – LEL – 4 vol.-%; the upper explosion limit being – UEL – 75,6 vol.-%). Hydrogen/air mixtures are ignited through ignition sources containing very little energy. The least amount of energy needed to ignite hydrogen is 0,019 mJ which is only 1/10 of that of propane. For instance particles of rust, which have been transported by a fast flowing jet of hydrogen can develop an igniting spark through electrostatic charge or by hitting an object. Because it is difficult to recognize or prove this ignition source, hydrogen has been unjustly thought to be able to ignite itself.

A hydrogen flame is very pale and cannot be seen in bright daylight. Other indications must be used, for example a piece of paper into the suspected area.

Of course liquid hydrogen has the same chemical properties as gaseous hydrogen. However, the ability to react with oxygen is slightly reduced because of the low temperature.

• Corrosion, Materials

Hydrogen is noncorrosive. At normal temperature the usual metallic materials – steel, copper, brass, aluminium – are suitable for hydrogen.

Some types of steel can be damaged by hydrogen under certain circumstances, for instance when production flaws (crackings, embeddings) are present. That is why the materials used in hydrogen installations have to be chosen by experts, who are familiar with the specific operating conditions. Apart from metallic materials, rubber Flammable substance warning and plastics can also be used for hydrogen installations.

Hydrogen is a very “flexible“gas. The tiny molecules can find their way into materials or tight fissures that would be impermeable for other gases. Cast materials should not be used for hydrogen, because their porosity could be the cause for leaks. Because of its low temperature, liquid hydrogen can cause embrittlement in rubber, plastics and carbon steel. Because of this the ductility of these materials can be greatly reduced. That is why these materials are not suitable for use in LH2-installations. • Physiological Effects / Environmental Protection Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas and therefore cannot be perceived with the human senses. Hydrogen is not poisonous. When inhaled in large concentrations it will causesuffocation. People should not be allowed in such an atmosphere because of the explosion danger. For this reason respiratory protection is not relevant when working with hydrogen. Cryogenic hydrogen in liquid or gaseous form (just evaporated) can cause cryogenic burns when brought into contact with the

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 247 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) skin. The same applies when the skin gets into contact with any uninsulated pipe or equipment containing liquid hydrogen.

Hydrogen does not impose a danger to the environment. It doesn‘t harm the ozone layer and doesn‘t contribute to the greenhouse effect. The combustion exhaust gas of hydrogen is water and not carbon dioxide or soot.

• Hydrogen safety measures

How to avoid explosive atmospheres in rooms and outdoors ?

It is possible to avoid the build-up of an explosive atmosphere in areas surrounding hydrogen installations by:

o building hydrogen plants in well ventilated areas, o making certain that hydrogen plants are leakproof and stay that way

Hydrogen installations should when possible be set up outside, so that leaking hydrogen can escape into the atmosphere without danger. If this is not possible, at least the hydrogen storage container should be installed outside. Exhaust lines from safety valves or vacuum pumps, have to lead outside. Exhaust openings are not to be located under ledges, under openings in buildings or in the vicinity of an air-intake area. Exhaust openings should be marked clearly so that in case of hot work in the vicinity, everyone is aware of the necessary precautions that have to take.

Hydrogen supply lines should have a shut off valve when entering an indoors area. At indoors hydrogen installations blind flanges or nuts have to cover unused connections, in order to avoid gas release into the room.

Rooms with hydrogen installations shall have an effective natural or effective ventilation. The hydrogen content in the room can be controlled through a warning system (explosimeter).

Special attention should be given to very small rooms as for instance to the housing of gas-mixing installations and hydrogen measuring apparatus. Parts in such housing containing hydrogen have to be definitely leakproof, for instance by using permanent pipe connections. The housing is to be equipped with ventilation openings so that hydrogen can escape.

Pipe connections in hydrogen installations should, whenever possible, be permanently welded or hard soldered because this ensures long lasting leakproofness. This recommendation is especially true for hydrogen pipes running under the ground or in not easily accessible areas as for instance in a channel.

When pipes that can be detached are connected with screwed flanges or tube fittings, the most leakproof types are to be used. In pipe connections that are screwed together, compression fittings should be favoured. Leak checking in hydrogen installations should first be done with a nonflammable gas, such as nitrogen or helium. Only after the

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 248 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) evident leaks have been repaired, a second leakckeck should should be done using hydrogen at working pressure.

A hydrogen installation with known leaks is not safe. The installation has to be depressurized, purged and repaired.

How to avoid ignition causing sources in rooms and outside ?

The hydrogen plant and installation including surrounding areas shall be classified for the risk of explosive atmosphere, as per area classification criteria or other relevant regulations. The classification gives guidance on the needed precautions to avoid ignition. Nevertheless the following general advice should be considered:

o Electrical equipment is not to be used or else be installed in an explosion proof version. o Working with fire (welding, cutting, soldering, grinding) is only allowed if the endangered area is free of hydrogen. This should be checked with an explosimeter, under no circumstances with an open flame. When performing work with fire it is important to keep in mind, that welding and grinding sparks can fly as far as 10 m from the place of origin. o Assembly work is not allowed when hydrogen is escaping, because even when using spark free tools, there is still a risk of an ignition.

How to avoid explosive mixtures in hydrogen installations ? It is not acceptable to have an explosive mixture in a hydrogen installation. These mixtures are easily ignitable, for instance through frictional heat when operating a valve or through rust particles that have been transported. Even the heating up of the gas that has been caused by the pressure shock of fast flowing hydrogen into an air filled section of the installation can cause an ignition.

Air and Oxygen have to be kept away from hydrogen installations. This is possible if the installation has no connection to air or oxygen containing systems. If such connections exist, for instance in welding equipment that operates with hydrogen and oxygen, non return valves have to be installed to ensure that it is not possible for one of the gases to enter into the other feedline.

Hydrogen compressors should be fitted with low suction pressure alarm to ensure and oxygen alarm to ensure that an explosive hydrogen / air mixture cannot be created.

If hydrogen is to be combined with air or oxygen for special technical process, it is only to be done under closely supervised prerequisites – maintenance of the right concentration and permissible pressure and the absence of spark sources. Before hydrogen installations are put into operation, air has to be removed, for instance through vacuum pumping or purging. The safest method is purging with nitrogen, if an oxygen content of under 1 vol.-% in the installation is reached. If combustible argon / hydrogen-mixtures or forming gases (nitrogen/hydrogen-mixture) are used for soldering of containers, the air also has to be removed through purging in order to

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 249 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) prevent an explosion in the container. (Because of technical welding reasons – prevention of annealing colour – the oxygen content has to be quite a bit below the above mentioned content).Also when shutting off, a hydrogen installation has to be made hydrogen gas free through vacuum pumping or purging. The hydrogen content has to be reduced to 1 vol.-%, before the installation is opened. If, when shutting off the installation, parts of it remain under pressure, the hydrogen has to carefully be cut off from the part that is under pressure, for instance through a double block with a bleed valve in between, disconnection, etc.. In all purging processes it is important to remember, that purging gas will go the way of least resistance. Therefore special attention should be paid to dead ends. It can be necessary to see whether all valves have actually assumed their necessary control position. (Valves that appear to be open, don‘t always permit passage and valves that are closed are not always leak proof.) How to react when hydrogen is escaping, or when there is a hydrogen fire? If hydrogen is leaking unintentionally, the gas supply has to be cut off by closing the necessary controls. It shouldn‘t be attempted to repair the leak while hydrogen is escaping, because of the danger of an ignition. If a large amount of hydrogen has been escaping into the room, there is an acute danger of an explosion. Personnel have to leave the room which then has to be thoroughly ventilated. In order to prove the effectiveness of the ventilation, a measuring check should be carried out. If the hydrogen escape has caught fire, it can be extinguished by shutting down the hydrogen supply lines. If this is not successful, do not attempt to extinguish the fire in rooms with extinguishing agents because the continued flow of hydrogen would present an explosion risk. In such a case, one has to let the fire burn until the hydrogen is burnt up and the fire burns out on its own. It may be necessary to cool areas with water that could be endangered by the fire (i. e. gas cylinders). When the burning process is almost over, the affected installation should be purged with nitrogen to assure that there is no flashback into the interior.

• Safe handling of hydrogen cylinders

National regulations contain different requirements on handling of gas cylinders. The following should also be noted when handling hydrogen cylinders and bundles:

Cylinder and bundle valves are only to be opened when the pressure reducer with undamaged sealing’s has been carefully connected. The points of connection should be checked to ensure they don‘t leak. Cylinder and bundle valves are to be closed when not in use in order to prevent gas

If a cylinder or bundle valve is leaking or when hydrogen escape cannot be stopped by closing the valve, the hydrogen container has to be transported outside where it is to be emptied. Repairs on hydrogen cylinders or bundles, including the valves, are only to be carried through gas supplier.

Hazardous chemical handling and storage protocol

The site shall be handling various hazardous chemicals at site e.g. Methanol, Ethyl alcohol, Phosphorous Pentasulphide, octanol, isobutanol, isopropanol, n butanol, pentanol, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, o cresol, styrene oxide, isophorone, cyclohexane and many more.

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For major bulk chemicals such as Methanol, ethanol shall be stored and handled as per PESO protocol, requirement and approval. For other chemicals which are mainly stored in tanks and ware house appropriate chemical storage plans shall be designed to control physical and health hazards associated with chemical storage. There are several chemical compatibility schemes or methods available. Each one is somewhat different but they have many similarities. No one system can address every possible undesired chemical combination. The guidelines discussed below may be used so that chemicals of different hazard classifications can be safely stored together. The (material) safety data sheet from the manufacturer should be consulted as a primary reference for storage guidance for that material. General Guidelines for Safe Chemical Storage o Designate a safe storage location for each chemical. Storage location should be marked on each chemical container. o When determining how to store the chemical, always check the chemical label and MSDS/SDS first for the manufacturer’s recommended compatible storage. o Keep chemicals away from ignition sources. o Store flammable and combustible chemicals in an approved flammable chemicals storage area. o Avoid storing chemicals in direct sunlight or near a localized heat source. o Store flammable and potentially explosive chemicals according to the manufacturer’s directions or according to MSDS instructions. o Use secondary containers to physically segregate incompatible chemicals when they are stored in the same physical location. o Label and date chemical containers when received and opened. Label working solutions or chemicals removed from their original container so that all individuals know what is in a given container. o Maintain chemical identification labels, containers, and lids in good condition. o Keep chemical containers closed with properly fitted caps when not in use. o Hazardous chemicals must not be stored above shoulder height. o Flammable chemicals should not be stored in a fume hood. o Chemicals should never be stored on the floor. o Chemical shelving should have containment lips or trays to contain small leaks/spills. o Shelving should be strong enough to hold the weight of chemicals being stored on them. Do not overload shelves. Always secure shelving to a permanent structure. Shelves should be coated with a chemical-resistant material such as chemical-resistant paint or another coating such as epoxy.

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o Do not store chemicals in a domestic refrigerator or walk-in cooler. These refrigeration devices contain ignition sources such as unsealed electrical contacts. Flammable-safe refrigerators should be used whenever flammable chemicals need to be refrigerated. Additionally, walk-in coolers are not vented, creating the potential for accumulation of chemical vapors. Secondary Containment Guidelines Secondary containment is recommended to segregate chemicals from other incompatible chemicals within the same storage area/cabinet. Segregating incompatible chemicals using secondary containment is helpful when chemical storage space is limited. Secondary containment is also recommended when storing highly toxic materials to minimize exposure should the primary container become damaged. For example, store liquid mercury inside a labeled unbreakable secondary container. Small containers of compatible chemicals may be stored in a desiccator or other secure device. Secondary containers should be compatible with the chemicals stored in them. They should not corrode or degrade easily. A Typical dangerous good and combustible liquid storage compatibility chart is given below for reference,

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Figure 7.4 Dangerous good and combustible liquid storage compatibility chart On site emergency plan Prasol Chemicals private limited will develop emergency management system to tackle any emergency situation for proposed plant site. The details of Onsite Emergency plan / Disaster management plan (DMP) are discussed in the following section.

The disaster management plan (DMP) provides for a framework of actions to handle various emergency situations at the site. It also provides for on-site resources and appropriate outside assistance in case of any incident at the facility. The ERP will be in place before the commencement of operations at site, and all personnel will have undergone a comprehensive training in emergency response.

The primary objective of the plan is

• Minimization of the risks to lives and safety of proposed plant personnel and of the neighboring community.

• Containing and minimizing environmental damage, to surroundings, and to site property, and equipment, this could occur from emergency or accidental situations beyond the normal operations of the plant.

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• Coordinating appropriate and effective actions with outside regulatory agencies during and after their involvement in on-site emergencies.

• Maintaining effective trained personnel capable of performing the established emergency response procedures when it is required.

An on-site emergency is caused by an accident that takes place in plant itself and the effects are confined to the factory premises involving only the people working in the factory. On-site emergency plan to deal with such eventualities is the responsibility of the occupier and is mandatory. An on-site emergency plan should contain the following key elements: • Basis of the plan: Hazard analysis • Accident prevention procedure/measures; • Accident/emergency response procedure/measures and • Recovery procedure.

Defining nature of Emergency An Emergency can be defined as an “Occurrence of such magnitude so as to create a situation in which normal pattern of life within a facility is suddenly disrupted, adversely affecting not only the personnel and property within the facility, but also in its vicinity”. Such an occurrence may result in emergency. The following maximum credible accident scenarios may occur, • Road accident during transportation of chemicals • Ammonia tonner leakage • Chlorine tonner leakage • Tank on fire (e.g. Methanol / Ethanol / …) • Spillage of chemical etc.

Emergency classification Emergency is a general term implying hazardous situation both inside and outside the plant/installation premises. Thus, the emergencies termed “on-site” when it confines itself within the plant/installation even though it may require external help and ‘offsite” when emergency extends beyond its premises. It is to be understood here, that if an emergency occurs inside the plant and could not be controlled properly and timely, it may lead to an “off-site” emergency. The emergencies at the plant can be broadly classified into three levels:

Level 1 : The incident at site is confined to a small area and does not pose an immediate threat to life or property. Spillage of flammable liquid or solids, small fire of flammable chemical etc. can come under this category.

Level 2: An incident at the plant involving a greater hazard or larger area which poses a potential threat to life or property. Fire in flammable chemicals / tank can come under this category.

Level 3 : An incident at plant involving a severe hazard or a large area which poses an extreme threat to life or property.

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Emergency handling priority The general order of priority for involving measures during the course of emergency would be as follows

• Safeguard life, • Safeguard environment • Safeguard property

Elements of planning Legal Authority and Responsibility / On Site Emergency Planning The provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 (as amended) requires that every occupier is to draw up an on-site emergency plan with detailed disaster control measures and to educate the workers employed. The obligation of an occupier of hazardous chemicals installation to prepare an emergency plan is also stipulated in Rule 13 of the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rule’s, 1989 and subsequent amendments.

Off-Site Emergency Planning

Under the ‘Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules‘ preparation of ‘Off-site Emergency Plan’ is covered in Rule No.14. The duty of preparing and keeping up to date the ‘Off-site Emergency Plan’ as per this rule is placed on the District Emergency Authority. Also, occupiers are charged with the responsibility of providing the above authority with such information, relating to the industrial activity under their control, as they may require for preparing the off-site emergency plan.

Off-site emergency response needs actions by various Government agencies over which the operating company has no control. Prasol’s role and responsibility is to provide material, manpower, and knowledge support under the overall charge of the off-site control administration.

Organization Structure – Duties and Responsibilities

In case of an emergency, the On-site Emergency Plan of the plant will come into action. Effective on-site emergency plan requires that in the event of an accident, nominated functionaries be given specific responsibilities, often separate from their day-to-day activities.

The emergency organization follows the usual pattern of the hierarchy. The senior-most functionary available during an emergency at the plant takes charge as Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) and will locate himself at the designated Primary Command Post. The senior most functionaries for each emergency service will act as coordinator and shall report at the Primary Command Post unless otherwise instructed by the Chief Coordinator.

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The senior most persons in the shift will be designated as the Site Incident Controller (SIC). The SIC will take charge of the incident site and take the overall command. He will be supported by other key persons representing various emergency services. Key persons are personnel available at the site on round the clock basis. It is to be appreciated that the key persons remain the front line fighters. The role of various coordinators is to assess the situation from time to time, take appropriate decisions in consultation with the CEC and to provide timely resources to the key persons to fight the emergency. Duties and responsibilities of various emergency functionaries have been described in following sub sections. Duties and Responsibilities for Functionaries The duties and responsibilities of the functionaries for unlikely event of emergency are given below:

Crises Co-coordinator The Head of Plant will work as Crisis Coordinator: He will assess the situation and instructs the Chief Emergency Co-coordinator to sound the siren. This will inform the employee that an emergency situation has siren arisen and that the plant should be shut down and evacuated. All the personnel/part of the Plant need to be evacuated and employees other than given responsibility assemble at the assembly points. He will approve release of information to press, TV and Government agencies as required.

Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC)

The General Manager of Plant will work as Chief Emergency Coordinator. He will report at the command post and will assume overall responsibility of the works and its personnel. His duties will be: i. To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop, requiring external assistance. To inform District Emergency Authority (DEA) (i.e. District Collector) in case on-site emergency escalates into off-site emergency. ii. To contact Crisis Cell of the Ministry and inform about the incident, magnitude of disaster, combating operations and number of casualties, if any. iii. To exercise direct operational control over areas in the plant other than those affected. iv. To assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if personnel need to be evacuated to identify safe places. v. To continuously review in consultation with the other coordinators. vi. To liaise with senior officials of police, fire brigade, and Factories Inspectorate and pass on information on possible effects to the surrounding areas outside the factory premises. vii. To liaise with various coordinators to ensure casualties are receiving adequate attention and traffic movement within the plant is well regulated. viii. To arrange for a log of the emergency to be maintained in control room.

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 256 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) ix. To release authorized information to press through the media officer designated. x. To control rehabilitation of the affected persons and the affected areas after the emergency. xi. To obtain assistance from Mutual Aid partners.

Site Incident Controller The In-change waste storage will work as Site Incident Controller. He will take overall control of handling the emergency at the plant. His first task will be the isolation of the source of containment loss to the extent feasible. Simultaneously, in case of fire, he will organize appropriate fire response to get the situation under control and to prevent escalation. On arrival at the site, he will assess the scale of emergency and judge if a major emergency exists or is likely to develop and will inform the control room accordingly asking for assistance and indicating the kind of support needed. His duties and responsibilities will include:

I. To coordinate the activities of other key persons reporting at the incident site, under his overall command. II. To direct all operations within the affected areas giving due priorities for safety of personnel and to minimize damage to environment, plant and property. III. To provide advice and information to Fire & Safety personnel and other fire services as and when they arrive. IV. To ensure that all non-essential workers and staff within the affected area are evacuated to appropriate assembly points and those areas are searched for casualties. V. To organize rescue teams for any casualties and to send them to safe areas/medical centre for first aid and medical relief. VI. To setup communication points and establish contact with control room. VII. To seek additional support and resources as may be needed through the control room. VIII. To seek decision support from the control room for decisions such as activation of mutual aid plan etc. IX. To preserve all evidence so as to facilitate any inquiry into the cause and circumstance, which caused or escalated the emergency (to arrange photographs, video, etc.) X. To arrange for a head count after the emergency is over with respect to the personnel on duty in the affected areas.

Fire and Safety Function The Manager-Fire & Safety along with firefighting team will work as fire and safety functionary.

The main responsibilities of fire and safety functionary are:

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i. To immediately take charge of all firefighting operations upon sounding of the alarm. ii. To instruct the telephone operator to immediately inform all essential personnel not residing within the audible range of the emergency siren. iii. To guide firefighting crew and provide logistics support for effectively combating the fire. iv. To barricade the area at appropriate locations in order to prevent the movement of vehicular traffic. v. To assist in rescue and first aid operations. vi. To operate the Mutual Aid Scheme and call for additional external help in firefighting via the control room. vii. To organize relieving groups for firefighting. viii. To inform the Crises Controller and give "All Clear" signal when the fire emergency is over. Media Function The Human Resource Manager will work as Media Function. He will under the direction of the CEC, co-ordinate the following: i. To liaise with various media and release written statements to the press through prior concurrence of Crises Controller. ii. To handle media interviews with various media. Make arrangements for televising the information about the incident, if public interest warrants. iii. Inform State and Central Governments & statutory bodies of the nature and magnitude of the incident, the number of casualties, etc. iv. To locate himself such that media personnel/third parties do not need to go past the plant security gates and that adequate communication links exist. v. Media personnel often insist on visiting the incident scene. vi. To escort media team(s) if the Crises Controller approves such visits. Communication Function The Manger - Laboratory will work as communication functionary. He should perform the following duties: i. To ensure all available communication links remain functional. ii. To quickly establish communication links between incident site and the control room iii. To ensure that previously agreed inventory of various types of communication equipment is maintained in working condition and frequent checks carried out and records maintained. iv. To maintain voice record of significant communications with timings received/passed from the primary control room. Medical Function The Manager – Occupational Health will look after medical function. He will perform the following:

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 258 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) i. To arrange for the First Aid team to treat the affected personnel. ii. To arrange for treatment in the hospital. iii. To liaise with the local medical authorities and hospitals, if the casualties are more and the situation demands treatment at more/other medical centers. iv. To liaise with the transport coordinator for transporting the victims to various hospitals. v. To arrange for ambulances. vi. The Medical Coordinator should ensure the upkeep of agreed medical supplies, antidotes and equipment that should always be kept in stock for treating victims of burns. vii. To liaise with the Media coordinator for release of news to the press.

Transport Function The Waste Transportation Manger will work as Transport Function. He shall perform the following duties: i. Arrange for transport of victims to hospital/dispensaries. ii. Mobilize all available vehicles available at the plant for emergency use, along-with the drivers. iii. Arrange for the duty rotation of the drivers to meet with the emergency situation. iv. To direct refueling of vehicles, if not topped up. v. To arrange for vehicles from other sources. vi. To liaise with the CEC for evacuation of personnel and transportation of victims.

List of Names of Functionaries List of name of various functionaries with designation and telephone numbers will be mentioned below. (and will be available with all concerned) Type of Name Designation Telephone Coordinator Numbers Office Residential Crisis Coordinator Chief Emergency (CEC) Site Incident Controller Fire & Safety

Infrastructure Emergency Control Room- Emergency Control Room is to be set up and marked on the site plan. The Control Room will be the focal point case of an emergency from where the Operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It will control site activities and should be furnished with external and internal telephone connections, list of essential telephone numbers, list of key persons and their addresses.

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Assembly Points- Assembly points are to be set up farthest from the location of likely hazardous events where pre-designated persons from the works, contractors and visitors would assemble in case of emergency. Up-to-date list of pre-designated employees of various departments (shift-wise) must be available at these points so that roll call could be taken. Pre designated persons would take charge of these points and mark presence as the people come into it.

Operational systems during emergencies Communication system There are different types of alarms to differentiate one type of an emergency from other as described below:

Fire or Gas Normal Fire Siren Emergency/Evacuation High-pitched wailing Siren

Alarms should be followed by an announcement over Public Address System (PAS). In case of failure of alarm system, communication should be by telephone operator who will make announcement in industrial complex through Public Address System which should be installed. If everything fails, a messenger could be used for sending the information.

Warning system and control

The Control Centers should be located at an area of the minimum risk or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the wind direction, areas which might be affected by fire/explosion, toxic releases, etc. For promptness and efficiency, the factory premises/storage sites may be divided into ‘X’ number of zones, which should be clearly marked on the site plan.

Emergency services - Under this, each factory should describe the facilities of firefighting, first-aid and rescue. Alternate sources of power supply for operating fire pumps, communication with local bodies, fire brigade, etc. Should also be clearly indicated.

• An adequate number of external and internal telephone connections should be installed.

Following plans of work to illustrate are to be made

• Areas with large inventories of hazardous material. • Sources of safety equipment. • Fire-hydrant system and alternate supply sources. • Stock of other fire-fighting materials. • Assembly points, first-aid centers. • Surrounding habitation within 1/ 2 km distance. • Availability of first-aid equipment.

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Mutual Aid It is essential to have mutual aid arrangements as it is useful in cases of major fire and other emergencies. Mutual aid arrangements are to be worked out in the plan to facilitate additional help in say, fire-fighting or medical attention which might be beyond the capacity of an individual factory/unit. To make the mutual aid plan a success, the following are considered essential: • Written procedure which spells out how call for help will be made and how it will be responded. • The type of equipment which would be used and procedure for making replacement. • A quick hot-line method of communication. • A brief mention of the type of hazard in each plant and fire-fighting measures. • Orientation and joint training program for staff. • Joint inspections and drills.

Disaster management Plan Emergency prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of occurrence and consequential effect of such eventualities. The overall objective of the DMP/Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following.

• Localize the emergency on property and people • Minimize effects on property and people • Effective rescue and medical treatment • Evacuation.

A disastrous event strikes suddenly, violently and without warning. Identifying the potential hazards ahead of time and advance planning can reduce the dangers of serious injury, loss of life and damage to environment in the event of an incident occurrence.

The first response to a disaster is the job of the local government’s emergency services with the help from the nearby municipalities and the volunteer service agencies. In a catastrophic disaster only the govt. can provide the rescue search on the disaster site, resumption of electric power, food, water, medicines, cloths, shelter and other basic human needs. It is the long term recovery phase of disaster which places the most severe financial strain to govt. in-addition to damage to public facilities and infrastructure. It takes longer time to get aid from the govt. for rescue work when there is a natural calamity because of various constraints such as reaching the site, priority of personnel involved, availability of material, equipment and rescue team personnel etc. It is always advisable to develop teams within the organization for taking immediate rescue action if possible. Industry has to prepare a detailed disaster control measures and give information such as the quantity of hazardous material stored, the location of storage, the approximate population living in the vicinity and the detail of the hazardous Characteristic of the material to the Employees, District Collector, Police, Fire service department, Director of Factories, State Pollution control Board and the Public living in

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 261 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 7 –Additional studies (Risk Assessment, Public Hearing) the vicinity regularly to enable the government to prepare the disaster management plan. Educate employees and the public living in the vicinity the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an accident taking place.

Earthquake During site selection stage based on the past seismic metrological data / reports earth quake prone areas have to be avoided. Cover the site with public liability insurance as per the advice of government. Design building to withstand minor shocks of earth quake without damage to structures. Maintain inventory of material and the location of stock on day today basis and submit the report to disaster management authority (district collector) and the state pollution control board weekly / monthly also maintain parallel record at H.O. Maintain MSDS of stored materials toxicity of gases that can emanate due to reactions of stored materials including the landfill material. Provide communication facilities internal and with people living in the vicinity. Educate the employees and the surrounding peoples about the possible dangers in case of an earthquake and the safety measures required to be taken.

Take preventive action of stopping work activities, informing and evacuating employees and the public living in the vicinity to safe location as per the advice of government agency if there is an advance earth quake warning from the agencies.

After an earth quake (if the site is affected), Inform disaster management authorities and state pollution control board authorities over phone, e-mail or through messenger. Display Phone Numbers of: District Collector, Police S.P, Fire Service Department, Factories Inspectorate and nearby Hospitals. Inform company authorities through phone: Phone numbers: Project Head, EHS Head, HR Head. Inform the insurance authorities about the incident. Phone Numbers: Local Insurance officer and Divisional Manager Test the nearby water sources and soil for contamination and the extent of damage and compare data with the base data. If found contaminated, Inform public of the affected area not to use water from the wells or bore wells through mobile public announcement system and by using media like radio and TV. Arrange supply of drinking water from outside till the condition is normalized. Use the services of the lab and expertise of pollution board and find solutions to arrest the leakage of material and leachate and start remedial measures. Divert material required for lining and transfer skilled employees for new pit construction from other site along with additional number of equipment. Construct new pit and start transfer landfill material / leachate in to the new pit. Test the soil contamination level and find out the level of damage and treat the soil if required or remove the contaminated soil and safely transfer it in the new land fill. Check the water contamination level and advise authorities and public about the usability of water. Asses the expenditure required for implementation of required remedial measures. Prepare cost estimate of the total loss including the transport and remediation cost. Make insurance claim and pay compensation if any advised by the govt. authorities to the affected victims.

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Hazard Control Measures

Fire To increase the level of safety in project, installation of smoke alarms or automatic fire detection /alarm systems will be installed at strategic locations as an early warning of fire to the occupants.

To prevent fire mishaps and to manage the emergency situation during fire in the project the following activities and precautions are proposed.

• Emergency evacuation plan is important for all projects, and the same will be prepared as per Fire & Safety rules. • Regular mock drills will be carried out to create awareness on procedures to be followed in times of emergency situation/evacuation • It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent smoke inhalation especially for those with respiratory disorders for whom smoke inhalation can be very dangerous. • Plant manager will be advised to ensure that the firefighting equipment are in good working conditions. • The plant will be provided with sufficient firefighting gadgets (water, soil, cylinders, etc.).

Simple steps to be followed during emergency are as follows.

Call the fire rescue department: During fire in plant, leave the premises by nearest available exit. Call fire department and do not assume anyone else has called the fire department. If your cloth catches fire, do not get panic or run, stop, drop and roll.

Cover your nose and mouth with a wet clean cloth: Stay calm cover your nose and mouth with a wet, clean cloth to prevent smoke inhalation injury and choking. Never jump off or attempt to climb down the side of a tall structure as it will mean certain death.

Do not run: During a fire, smoke containing poisonous gases such as CO tends to rise up. When you run in a smoke filled room, you tend to inhale the smoke faster. CO dulls the senses and prevents clear thinking, leading to panic. To prevent being asphyxiated, dip tissues or cloth in water and cover your noise with it.

Head-count of the occupants: During an emergency, make good use of the evacuation procedure and help each other to reach out of plant/building safely. Ensure nobody is left behind by doing a head-count of occupants. Visitors should read and understand the evacuation plan before going into the plant/building area and ensure their safety.

Natural Disasters

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Disasters occur without notice. Most disasters are natural such as earthquake, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, landslides, tsunamis and volcanoes. We have no way of stopping them, but we can learn to deal with the difficult situations that arise due to them. During disasters like floods, fire, earth quake, landslides, rescue beings at site. Even before external help arrives, people affected by the disasters help each other.

The government and many voluntary organizations send teams of workers trained in rescue operations to disaster-affected areas. These teams join hands with the local community helpers such as doctors, nurses, social workers and policemen.

Temporary shelters are built for displaced people. Doctors and nurses provide medical aid. They treat the wounded and work to control epidemics. Social workers collect food and cloth from all over the country for the disaster-affected people. The police maintain law and order. Media –persons help in spreading news about the victims and their conditions. They also post advertisements that urge people to donate for victims.

In extreme conditions, the army and Air force organize rescue operations. They clear roads, send medical teams and help to move people to safer places. The air force drops food, water and clothes in the affected areas. Organization like UN helps in providing aid during massive disasters.

Individually, people from all over the world also come forward to help during a disaster. They donate blood while many donate money. Some even reach the disaster affected places to give an extra hand in the rescue operation. Families adopt children who have lost their parents and thus give them a new home.

Electrical accidents

Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks, and electrocution which can lead to serious injury and even death. When dealing with potentially serious electrical hazards stop and think! Instead of taking a chance and risking your personal safety, call trained professionals to handle problems.

Many times people prefer to take electrical matters into their own hands. Other small aspects of electrical repair in a business setting may be taken care of without needing professional service technicians. If you do decide to take matters into your own hands, safety precautions can avoid injuries and other losses.

Prevention of Electrical accidents Flexible cords connected to appliance should be wired to confirm to the international color code. Color of insulation wire is

• Brown represents live wire, • Blue represents neutral wire and • Green/yellow stripes represent earth wire.

What you should look for when selecting an electrical appliance are given below

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• The appliance should be suitable for operation on local electrical supply of 240 volts AC and frequency of 50 Hz. • The appliance should preferably be tested and certified by a national or reputed standards testing authority • Look for certified plugs on the flexible cords connected to the appliances. If the appliance is double insulated and has a 2-pin plug, then it should be fitted with a suitable certified plug. • An essential formality when buying any appliances is a duly completed guarantee card with the dealers/retailer's official stamp and details of the appliance (serial number, etc.).

Safety precautions to be taken when using electrical appliances

a. Avoid using handheld appliances when your hand and/or body is wet.

b. Do not use or leave appliances where liquid can splash onto them.

c. Flexible cords connecting the appliance and the plug should be in good condition, if the cord is frayed, chaffed, cut or melted, have the entire cord replaced by a competent person.

d. Check accessories such as plugs attached to appliances for cracks and burnt marks and have them replaced. If undue overheating occurs or burnt marks appear in any electrical appliance, have it checked.

Some common causes of electrical accidents in the house

a. Faulty wiring: This usually occurs when unauthorized extension or rewiring is done by unqualified persons. Some of the usual faults are the omission of earth wires and the Reversing of the live and neutral wires. Without an earth wire, the exposed metal parts of appliances may deliver a lethal shock to the user when a fault develops.

b. Improper flexible cords: This can be caused by connecting the flexible cord wrongly to the plug. In the case of appliances which have exposed metallic parts, a 2-core instead of a 3-core flexible cord is used. When the appliance is faulty, the exposed metal parts may become live and a fatal accident could result.

c. Faulty appliance: Attempts to repair faults in electrical appliances by people not trained to do so can result in accidental shock.

To prevent Electrical accidents, the following points should be kept in mind:

• All electrical wiring, rewiring or extension work must be carried out by licensed electrical contractors. On completion, the contractors should test before electricity supply is connected

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• Repair of appliances and replacement of flexible cords should be carried out only by competent persons. • To ensure electrical safety in the facility , a current-operated Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) or Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) set to operate at a very small leakage current is recommended. (This is usually marked 100mA or 0.1A on the label). In case of dangerous electrical leakage to earth, it should automatically cur off the supply of electricity. • DO NOT use multi-way adaptors. Over loading can cause fire. One socket outlet is for one appliance only. • DO NOT carry out wiring extension, Engage a licensed wiring contractor for the work. • DO NOT use a two-way lighting adaptor for any extension. • DO NOT connect any electrical appliance to lighting outlets. A lighting outlet does not have an earth wire to prevent danger.

• DO NOT make joints to lengthen the lead of the electrical appliances. If the lead wire is worn out or too short, replace it with a new wire. • USE individual socket outlet for every electrical appliance. • KEEP AWAY from danger areas such as a substation for whatsoever reasons. • CHECK before carrying out excavation work to prevent damaging any underground cable. The operator may receive severe electric shock or even be electrocuted. • TAKE PRECAUTION when working in the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any unforeseen incident. DO NOT meddle with any broken overhead wire. Report the matter immediately to the nearest electric office. • DO NOT climb any electric pole. You may receive an electric shock or get electrocuted. • NOT throw anything onto the overhead lines. • NEVER attempt to retrieve anything stuck to overhead lines by whatever means. • NOT climb transmission line towers. No one is safe from its high voltage shock. • DO NOT erect any structure close to transmission lines. • TAKE PRECAUTION when working in the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any unforeseen incident. • NEVER stand on a damp or wet surface when using electrical equipment. • USE a portable electrical tool, which is properly earthed. • DO NOT tap electrical power without a proper plug. • DO NOT use any electrical tool which has a damaged casing, cap, switch, lead or plug.

First aid and emergency procedures Burns can cause due acid spillage and leakage of electricity. Curative measures for any issues of burns and First Aid procedures are given below: Table 7.16 First aid for burns Burns covering small area Burns covering extensive area Allow cold tap water to run gently over the Allow person to lie down. area or immerse in cold water.

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It may be necessary to cover with gauze or Cover burned areas with sterile dressing a clean handkerchief, and bandage. or clean cloth and lightly bandage. If clothing is adhering, do not disturb; leave the clothing alone. Keep person warm. If person is not Nauseated, he may have sips of water. Arrange for immediate medical care.

Public Consultation

Public Hearing

“Public Hearing” refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate. Since the project is Establishment of Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals manufacturing unit falling under Category 5(b) A and 5(f)-B which is to be developed in the well-developed Industrial estate i.e. Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad Dist. Raigad Hence, public hearing is not required. (Refer MOEF&CC OM No. J-11013/36/2014-IA-I dated 10th December 2014). http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/O.M%20Dated%2010.12.2014.pdf). Also as per ToR granted vide letter dated 10th July 2017, Public hearing is exempted for this project. Social Impact Assessment, R & R (Relocation and rehabilitation) action plan Not Applicable (The project is within plot of the company which is located in notified MIDC industrial area (Additional Mahad MIDC).

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8 PROJECT BENEFITS

Improvement in Infrastructures

The proposed project is to be located in Additional MIDC Mahad area and does not require any additional infrastructure as the site is well connected so no major benefits in terms of direct improvement in infrastructure is anticipated.

Improvement in Social Infrastructure

Local youth will be employed during construction stage. During operation phase, locals will be given preference based on qualification and skill.

Employment Potential

Recruitments will be preferably done from local area which will be beneficial to the local area considering the demography of the region/project area (5 Km). Further, the indirect employment via increased transportation, ancillary units & local economic activities will also add in the employment potential of the proposed project.

Other Tangible & Intangible Benefits

Due to implementation of proposed chemical unit the people of nearby areas / villages will be benefited by way of generation of direct as well as indirect employment opportunities. During construction stage approx. 100 - 150 persons will be hired. The project will create employment at site to ~ 100 persons (60 permanent & 40 contract workmen) once the plant comes to the operational stage. With the development of this plant there will be a lot of scope for more ancillary development, which in turn will benefit the local people and society. This will uplift financial and social condition of local people leading to overall improvement in the income level of the people.

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9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST B ENEFIT ANALYSIS

This analysis is not carried out in this study as it is not recommended at scoping stage and not specified in additional TOR. Also it is not considered as necessary as all the environmental costs of the project are committed by the Project Proponent for implementation since they are necessary measures for the environmental management of the project.

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10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGE MENT PLAN

Introduction

Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring the mitigative measures is implemented and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of EIA are presented in this chapter.

Objective & Scope of EMP

The Environmental Management Plan is prepared with the main objective of enlisting all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of adverse impacts for all the components of the proposed project. The objectives taken into account in preparation of EMP are summarized here as follows: a) The prevention, control and abatement of pollution, i.e. air pollution, water pollution, hazardous/ non-hazardous wastes and noise pollution, b) To comply with the stipulated enviro-legal requirements and standards, c) To direct the steps to be followed, for effective maintenance and regulation of environmental management system. d) To ensure the better and safe work environment through pre-meditated planning of prevention and control of hazards, e) To direct the investments towards sustainable development by considering the cost of effluent treatment, emission control, waste disposal, social development, green belt development and health & safety in the planning stage only, f) To account for recycling and reusing measures, proposed or required to be adopted for minimization of consumption of resources and generation of pollutants. As the proposed project is an establishment, the present EMP has been prepared to meet the requirements of pollution control from proposed project as an integrated environment management plan. The EMP does not cover scope of management of hazardous substance as it forms the key part of RA study (Additional Studies). The EMP focuses on potential impact and risks that have been identified as part of the Impact Assessment process (Refer Chapter 4). Site specific Environmental Management Plan has been formulated to mitigate potential adverse environmental impacts both for construction and operation phases of the proposed project.

Management Systems Prasol is committed to ensuring environmentally sustainable and responsible operations to achieve the highest standards of excellence. Prasol’s existing

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 270 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 10 – Environmental Management plan manufacturing facilities at Honad Dist Raigad have not only instituted internationally accepted Environmental Management System based on ISO 9001, ISO-14001 and OHSAS 18001 but the site has also integrated the same with Quality Management and Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems.

The same shall be extended to the proposed project activity also.

Prasol’s integrated certificate at other operating site is given below,

Figure 10.1 Integrated management certificate

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Safety and Environment policy of the company is approved by Board of Directors and signed by the Chairman of the Company is as below,

Figure 10.2 EHS Policy

Environmental Management Cell

In compliance the requirement of EP Act and Factories act, the proposed unit will formulate the environment management cell o With vision to operate the EMP requirements as suggested in the chapter. o To keep a close watch on the performance of the pollution control equipment, emissions from the sources and the quality of surrounding environment in accordance with the monitoring program. The cell shall include the safety cell for observing, inspecting and regulating the safety measures inside the plant campus. The EHS cell shall report directly to site head for environmental issues including non- compliances and the board of directors are appraised through emails or other

Environmental Consultant Page Aditya Environmental Services 272 Pvt. Ltd. Environmental Impact Assessment Prasol Chemicals Private Limited, Add. MIDC Mahad Chapter 10 – Environmental Management plan communication means.. Six monthly compliance reports shall be submitted to MoEF&CC on timely basis. Environmental Management Cell shall be formulated for efficient & easy operation of environment management system & operations. The illustrative presentation of the EMC is presented in below figure.

Responsibilities of EHS cell shall be:- ▪ ETP operation, APCM, hazardous waste management, green belt development, housekeeping, ambient air management, work area monitoring, safety department and medical facilities etc. The activities shall be managed by systematic assignment of responsibilities to each member. ▪ Monitor Health, Safety and Environment standards and practices ▪ Maintaining records of all the data, documents and information in line with the statutory requirements and will regularly furnish the same to the State regulatory authorities. ▪ General prevention and maintenance of pollution control system as proposed to be done by the maintenance department, to achieve optimum efficiency of the control equipment’s and to maintain the quality of the environment.

Figure 10.3 Indicative EHS Management Cell

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EHS cell shall also act as safety department in compliance with the requirements of section 41 G & 41 H of Factories Act and 68 F & 68 J as per Factories Act with defined role and responsibilities and defined framework covering all aspects of plant and personnel safety. Qualified Safety Officer, Supervisors and Factory Medical Officer shall be employed.

EMP for water environment management

Water consumption The fresh water requirement for proposed establishment project is anticipated to be ~ 355 CMD. It shall be fully supplied from MIDC and hence ground water levels shall not be affected.

Water conservation measures The process water consumption shall be optimized by the Prasol by applying reuse and recycling techniques, wherever possible.

The unit shall operate as zero liquid discharge.

Following are suggested to further reduce water consumption • Water meters should be provided at main areas of consumption to maintain records and to conduct water audit from time to time • Drip irrigation for watering of green belt within plant premises • Dry sweeping of passages and building floors in place of washing with water • Water saving faucets in toilets and washrooms

Waste water generation, treatment and disposal Adequate waste water treatment shall be provided with Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.

• There shall be sufficient holding capacity for storage of treated and untreated effluent (At least for 3 days) • Proper housekeeping practices shall be followed in the unit to maintain clean and clear environment and prevent contamination of surface runoffs and storm waters. • The plant shall be provided with well-structured storm water drainage network for preventing surface run-offs from mixing into sewers during monsoon. • During monsoon, periodic monitoring of storm water shall be carried out to ensure that it is not contaminated.

Proponent is committed for the following:

• To install online pH meters, flow and conductivity meters at strategic locations in the treatment scheme in order to monitor performance of the treatment system.

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• For performance monitoring of treatment systems, proponent shall provide and maintain separate electric meter, operational logbook for effluent treatment systems. • In house analytical laboratory for analysis of basic parameters of raw effluents as well as effluent quality at various treatment stages shall be developed. Third party sampling and analysis shall also be carried out. • To take utmost care to prevent leakages from pipe fittings, valves etc., drains shall be provided at all plants and tank farms to route such occasional effluents to effluent treatment plant. • Spill control procedures shall be practiced. • To provide contingency storage capacity for at least 3 days of effluent generation.

Further to above following measures are suggested,

Consider EMP for unforeseen waste stream generation due to equipment breakdown or emergency control

Causes or source of generation of wastewater stream can be –

- Spillage from drums, bags etc. - Leakage from drums, bags, reactors, tanks, vessels, pipelines, valves, etc. - Vessel washing, container washing

For such effluent generation, following measures should be taken,

All plant buildings handling chemicals shall be provided with drains which shall be connected to separate collection tank for storage of such unexpected effluents. This effluent shall be analyzed in laboratory for giving suitable treatment in controlled manner in the ETP.

Monsoon preparedness shall be implemented for following compliances

o Gate valves with shall be installed at all storm water outlets o Maintenance of adequate freeboard in all open tanks / containers to prevent overflow during monsoon o General Housekeeping in chemical storage areas to ensure that there is no spillage on the ground which can mix with rain water and flow out of the industry

EMP for impact on noise levels

For noise abatement, following measures shall be taken –

▪ Use of acoustic enclosures for boiler and DG installations

▪ For minimizing and controlling noise levels, following measures are proposed

o Ear muffs and ear plugs to operating personnel / contract workmen o Maintenance of pumps and machinery and all rotating equipment

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o Maintaining the greenbelt since it also helps in reducing noise

EMP For Impact on Land Environment

o Storm water shall be collected and adequately drained. o Pre-monsoon maintenance schedule for clearing storm water drain shall be carried out. o Appropriate precautionary measures to prevent contaminated run-offs from mixing in storm water by regular analysis and necessary cordoning of process, ETP and storage areas. o All such areas which pose contamination of storm water should be provided with drains going to ETP. o Fugitive emissions and fugitive dusts shall be controlled.

Hazardous/Non Hazardous Waste Management Storage

Prasol is committed to provide adequate facilities for collection, storage and disposal of Hazardous and solid wastes in line with the requirements of Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and authorization granted by MPCB.

o Wastes shall be segregated and stored in separate areas having covered roof and concrete flooring. o Appropriate leachate collection system shall also be provided. Leachate shall be sent to ETP for treatment and recycle. o It is also planned to explore possibilities for reducing manual handling of hazardous wastes wherever possible – by packing the waste at place of generation, minimum transport distances, transport in closed containers, and minimum inventory of wastes. o Prasol shall keep a vigilant check on the characteristics of each waste and review storage and disposal methods periodically.

Fly ash utilization Fly ash shall be collected in underground concreted and impervious pit. It shall be sold to brick manufacturers.

EMP for impacts on Social Environment o Air emissions shall be controlled and monitored o Effluent shall be treated and recycled within plant site to the maximum extent o Ground water shall not be used. o The plant sections shall be built with proper safety features and safety equipment and devices at all required locations as per good engineering practice and code. o Fire hydrant system shall be provided to cover all plant facilities.

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o Fire extinguishers shall be placed at all required locations of plant facilities. o Safety and health of workers and all contract workmen shall be ensured through proper SOPs, safety devices, fail-safe instrumentation, interlocks, sound equipment, emergency control systems and procedures. o Automation shall be used wherever possible and feasible o Noise shall be controlled by – ▪ Placing of noise barriers along noise emitting area ▪ Ear muffs and ear plugs to workers o Transporters shall be instructed to follow road safety and use well maintained trucks and tankers o Restrooms shall be provided for truck drivers and assistants o Night time maintenance activities shall be avoided as far as possible

EMP for socio economic environment

o Proposed Man power: 60 nos. company employees + 40 nos. additional on contract basis during operation / construction activities o Technical as well as non-technical recruitment shall be generated for skilled and unskilled manpower o Prasol is committed to give employment to locals according to skill and academic qualification. o Project specific training shall be imparted to enhance skills and increase employment of local people. o It shall also provide opportunities for trade and commerce and development of ancillary businesses for the local people during construction phase and operational phase, such as ▪ mechanical supplies, ▪ machinery services and repair work ▪ spare parts and accessories supplies ▪ canteen services and supplies, ▪ housekeeping, ▪ security, ▪ green belt maintenance, ▪ Contractual labor for packaging and other activities.

EMP for impacts on ecological environment

The management of air, water and land environment as proposed in the previous sections shall ensure that there is no adverse impact on the terrestrial and aquatic ecology of the area.

EMP for Green belt development and maintenance

Project proponent has planned for Green Belt on the periphery as well as within the industrial establishment. In addition to this, proponent intends to participate in social forestry programmes of MIDC and Forest Department.

Plantations shall be done at the time of construction of plant facilities.

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Proposed green belt development areas are marked on layout plan attached as Annexure 2.1.

An assessment is done by EIA Consultant for listing all species that suit the soil and water properties of the area based on the following:

- CPCB guidelines for green belt development - Native species observed in the terrestrial survey of baseline study for the project

Typical species to be planted are mentioned in Chapter 4, under biodiversity mitigation measures.

Plantation schedule: The plantation shall be started from construction phase and completed within five years.

Road side plantation: Proponent shall plant new trees on MIDC roads in consultation with MIDC, species planted shall be dust absorbers, SO2 and NOx absorber species.

Environment management though housekeeping

Following are suggested good housekeeping practices,

▪ Prepare a check-list for maintaining good housekeeping in the plant premises. ▪ To regularly inspect the housekeeping in various sections of the plant ▪ The passages, floors and stairways should be kept in good condition ▪ Internal roads and major walkways as well as work areas should be carpeted either by asphalt or paver blocks to minimize dusting as well as provide ease of transportation and movement. ▪ Walkways should be free from obstructions, as well as marked ▪ All equipment and auxiliaries, piping should be labeled appropriately ▪ Piping Color code to be followed ▪ Wastes to be collected in separate containers with labels and marking in each department and sent to common waste collection area in the factory for disposal. ▪ Spill Control procedures to be developed and given to shift in charge and all concerned. ▪ Sweeping to be done in all departments on daily basis. ▪ Electrical wirings should be properly housed/ dressed ▪ Localized extraction and scrubbing facilities for dust and fumes should be provided wherever required.

Occupational safety and hazard management

The chemicals involved in manufacturing processes are of toxic and flammable nature.

The major hazardous materials, their inventories and their hazardous properties are tabulated in Chapter 2 and 7.

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The probable hazards related to the various operations and processes have been assessed and suitable control measures have been proposed. Details are provided in chapter 7 of this report, which is summarized below,

Preventive Measures

Chilled water circulation, Flame proof fittings, Tank level control on DCS. CCOE License premises, Earthing and Bonding, Tank insulated with suitable insulation , SOP for tanker unloading , Flame arrester provided on tank Top, Lightning arrester provided near to tank, Gas Leak Detectors.

Control Measures proposed : Fire hydrant system, Portable Fire Extinguishers, Foam Trolley, Water Hydrant and Monitor , Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus, Flame proof electricals, Dyke wall for containment, spill kits, Shower & Eye Washer near Tank Farm Area.

Following sections discuss on measures which shall be taken for fulfilling the requirements of applicable statutory rules and regulations related to health aspects:

First aid boxes:

In all plants / depts., First aid boxes (min. one no. in each plant or building) shall be installed and all the necessary items shall be maintained by OHC. They shall be inspected on regular interval of one month.

Occupational Health center (OHC) Occupational Health Centre shall be established at site near the main gate. The OHC shall have necessary equipment and arrangements for first-aid treatments in compliance with the requirements of Factories Act and Maharashtra Factories Rules.

The OHC shall be manned with Medical assistant and trained first aiders round the clock.

List of trained first aider which is trained approved organization shall be kept at all ECC as well as in OHC and safety notice board to get help in organizing for medical help major problem.

Antidotes for major chemicals handled by the unit shall be identified and listed and list maintained at OHC.

Onsite Medical treatment Visiting doctor shall be appointed as Factory Medical Officer (FMO) who shall visit the unit to attend routine medical illness of workers and employees.

FMO shall also be responsible for carrying out pre as well as periodical medical examination.

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There shall be ready to act preparedness for treating exposure to Ammonia / Chlorine. HCl gas as quickly as possible including oxygen administration at OHC.

Medical examination practice o Pre-employment medical check-up of all employees and contract labor shall be carried out by FMO and records shall be maintained. o Full medical checkup of all employees as well as contract workers shall be carried out annually and records shall be maintained. o Health Register in Form No. 32 (prescribed under Rule 68 T and 102) shall be maintained. o Certificate of fitness shall be issued to workers by factory medical officer in Form No. 33. Table 10.1 Proposed Medical Examination Plan Pre medical employment examination Type of Test to be conducted By (examining employment agency) For company - Physical Examination. External employees as - Present complaints / illnesses Hospital as well as - Family History contract - Past History workmen - Hematology Profile - Complete Blood Count with Differential Count, E S R & Blood Group & Rh factor. - Urine Analysis - Liver Profile - S G P T - Kidney Profile - Blood, Urea, Uric Acid & Creatinine. - Lipid Profile - Cholesterol, Trigycerides, HDL - Cholesterol – VLDL Cholesterol, - LDL Cholesterol, Cholesterol - HDL Cholesterol Ratio (Risk Factor). - X - Ray Chest - P A View - E C G Signed by Cardiologist - Blood Sugar

Annual medical examinations Type of Test to be conducted By (examining employment agency) For company - Physical Examination. External employees as - Present complaints / illnesses Hospital as well as - Family History contract - Past History workmen - Hematology Profile - Complete Blood Count with Differential Count, E S R & Blood Group & Rh factor. - Urine Analysis - Liver Profile - S G P T - Kidney Profile - Blood, Urea, Uric Acid & Creatinine.

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- Pulmonary Function Test - Blood Sugar - USG – for chemicals which are toxic on liver (once in a year frequency)

Fund allocation for Occupational Health and Safety measures Appropriate fund allocation shall be done for implementing Occupational Health and Safety measures as required and as per standard procedures and directives.

Towards management of occupational health and safety in the unit, provisions to be made for maintaining an efficient system are described hereunder:

o Safe and ergonomic design and layout of plant, machinery, tools and control equipment’s keeping in view the safety and pollution prevention in mind. o In-house Training programs as well as programs with help of outside agencies on Health hazards and safety for the workers and staff. Trainings shall cover topics on firefighting, awareness training for hazards, first aid etc. o Proper handling of all spillages by introducing spill control procedures for various chemicals. o Sufficient lighting, ventilation, drinking water facility, sanitary blocks, firefighting and first aid arrangements. o SOPs for all operations and critical equipment o Work permit system for specific task o PPE as per operations shall be provided and it shall be ensured that workers make proper use of PPE o Regular workplace monitoring as per Maharashtra Factories rule to be carried out and records maintained in prescribed form 37. o Material safety data sheet for all the concerned materials to be available at the site. o Adequate firefighting equipment’s provided at relevant areas. o Fire alarms and LEL detectors to be installed in process plants and storage areas. o Emergency telephone numbers displayed at required places. o Planned schedule for inspections of safety devices shall be followed and records shall be maintained. o On-site emergency plan to be prepared, practiced and upgraded periodically. o Regular emergency mock drills to be carried out

Following suggestions shall be considered by Prasol,

All aspects of Industrial hygiene and occupational health such as

▪ Noise minimization, ▪ Proper illumination at all floors, ▪ Minimum exposure to fugitive emission while charging, ▪ Proper plant layout and equipment design to provide correct working postures and body postures, ▪ Suitable platforms and ladders to minimize accidents due to movements, etc.

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shall be considered at the time of detail engineering of the project.

o Since there are more than one main raw material for many of the products, it is suggested to implement stringent three level permit system for raw material issue from warehouse and tank farms before indenting in process plants so as to minimize mis operation and batch failures due to miscommunication or operator flaws and errors. A good record keeping practice should be maintained. Store activities need to be given due importance and handled by qualified personnel.

o Ensure that the transporters of hazardous chemicals are provided with PPE and carry TREM cards during transportation

Environment Budget Allocation

Prasol has committed to allocate Rs. 300 Lakhs towards capital investment in environmental management and monitoring.

Following table indicates individual allotments for air, water and solid waste management, green belt maintenance, environmental monitoring, occupational health and safety, various GREEN initiatives as below,

Energy Conservation measures

o Steam condensate shall be returned back as far as possible o Boiler blowdown shall be controlled by automatic system to save heat up losses o Batch processes shall be monitored stringently for heating and cooling operations so that there is minimum loss of energy and material by way of temperature, pressure and flow controls. o Level sensors and alarms shall be provided on day vessels to prevent unnecessary pumping energy losses o Insulations shall be maintained and damaged insulations shall be attended immediately to prevent heat losses o LED lights shall be provided to conserve electrical energy o Solar panels shall be installed to capture solar energy

Financial Provisions for EMP Implementation

Costs for pollution control, monitoring and management will be included in the account under separate head in CAPEX as well as OPEX provisions.

Authorities Responsible for EMP Implementation

• Structural measures (such as installation of MEE/ATFD, RO, ETP, preventive and protective equipment, mitigation measures etc.): Directors, Project manager, accounting head/manager, Site Officer & engineers, Contractors.

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• Non-Structural (SOP’s, studies, implementing systems etc.): Directors, Production manager, accounting head/manager, Plant in-charge, safety & environment Officer & engineers, Contractors & operators.

EMP Implementation Schedule

• Structural measures identified will be provided in construction phase prior to commissioning of plant operation. • Maintenance will be done throughout the extent of operation phase. • Proper installation of pumps, motors will be done well before commissioning to prevent wastage & efficient use of water • The non-structural actions will be initiated with inception of commissioning stage and will be implemented & practiced as routine throughout the project life.

Social welfare and upliftment plan

Prasol proposes following social development activities under Enterprise Social commitment (ESR). Prasol has always engaged its efforts in social welfare activities & programs at other operating site.

It directly organizes various programs for social welfare & upliftment or indirectly contributes in such activities conducted by other organizations by providing financial & other aid. The proponent is committed to contribute in social welfare & upliftment activities on regular basis.

Prasol will continue such activities to fulfill the requirements of its social responsibility under CER Programs. Table 10.2 Activities Proposed under CER

Year

2023 2024 2025 2026

2021 2022

Activities 2020

- - -

- - -

- Total

2019 2020 2021

2022 2022 2023 2024 2025

Avenue Plantation / Community plantation (in 2.5 2 1.5 2.7 2.4 2 3 16.1 consultation with local authority) Education and Skill development (support local schools & educational organizations by distribution/ 1.5 2 2 3 2.5 3 3 17 donation of educational aids such as books, Computers, Uniform etc.) Infrastructure creationfor 3 4 3.5 2.5 5 4 4 26

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Drinking water supply /sanitation / approach roads Solar power (Provision of solar 1.8 2.5 3 2 2 3 3 17.3 power system) Health awareness primary healthcare services and health education. medical care 1.5 2 2.5 2 3 2.5 3 16.5 (medicines)and counselling to all beneficiaries Livelihood development activities Self-help group 0.7 1 0.9 1 1 1 1.5 7.1 development & vocational training programs for local youth Total (Rs Lakhs) 11 13.5 13.4 13.2 15.9 15.5 17.5 100

Above activities shall be done based on requirement from time to time and will be reviewed periodically based on requirement.

Reporting

The proponent shall prepare & submit quarterly/half yearly reports regarding implementation of the environmental management program as described in conditions of various licenses/certificate of clearance like EC, CTO, CC etc. which will be submitted to concerned authorities is as listed below: • Board of Director through MD & General/Production manager. • Maharashtra Pollution Control Boards & other authority as required by regulatory provisions. Other organizations/firms as directed timely by Board of Directors or General/production Manager or Govt. authority like MoEF&CC, MPCB, and CPCB etc.

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11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSI ON

Project Description

Introduction

Prasol Chemicals Private Limited (formerly known as Prasol Chemicals Limited) proposes a Greenfield project for manufacturing of pesticide industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals at Plot No. FS-30, Additional Mahad MIDC, Mahad, District Raigad, Maharashtra. The Project is for manufacturing of various pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) & Synthetic organic chemicals. The proposed products fall under activity 5(b) (Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulation)) and 5(f)(Synthetic organic chemicals manufacture) Activities listed within the Category to the EIA Notification dated September 14th, 2006 (amended till date). The project is classified as Category “A” project. Prasol is an ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001: 2004 and an OHSAS 18001:2007 certified company that is well aligned with its vision "To become a premier manufacturer of Specialty Chemicals and to provide Technical Services globally." Prasol is also “A” credit rated by SMERA. The total plot area of the site is 45,000 sq m (4.5 Hectare) and estimated project cost is ~ Rs. 50 Crores. The Geographical Location of this plot is at Latitude 18° 7’ 35” N and 73° 32' 16" E (central coordinates) with an average elevation of 39 meter above MSL (mean sea level). Additional Mahad MIDC is located at about 7 km from Mahad city, and 190 km from JNPT port. Mumbai airport is at about 177 km away. As a part of Environmental Clearance process, Prasol uploaded and submitted relevant documents, namely Form – 1 (as per the EIA Notification, 2006, as amended), along with a Pre-feasibility Report and Proposed Terms of Reference (ToR) for carrying out Environmental Studies, to the Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry- 2) MoEF & CC on 28th February 2017. Based on the information contained in the documents submitted, the project has been awarded proposal number IA/MH/IND2/62822/2017. Presentation has been made during the 22nd Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry – 2) meeting held on 16th – 17th April 2017 to the EAC & granted for ToR vide its letter No. J- 11011/70/2017-IA. II (I) dated 10th July 2017. (Refer Annexure 1.1 for ToR letter). Accordingly the EIA is prepared as per Model TOR prescribed (MOEF & CC document April 2015 for Activity 5(b) and 5(f) and specific TOR granted in 22nd EAC (Industry 2).

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Proposed products All the proposed products are imported to India on a regular basis. The quantum of imports varies from product to product but the manufactured goods will be import substitutes.

Amongst the products proposed, hydrogenated products, Phosphorus Pentasulphide and ZDDP are already being manufactured at the company’s current facility near Khopoli, Dist: Raigad, Maharashtra.

The additional products proposed are forward integration of the company’s current products and have a great demand both global and domestic. Table 11.1 Proposed products and its capacity S. No. Product / By Products Capacity (MT/Year) Products 1 Diethyl Thiophosphoric Acid (DETA) 12,000 (Combined 2 Diethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DETC) capacity will be 3 Dimethyl Thiophosphoryl Chloride (DMTC) manufactured on Campaign basis) 4 Dimethyl Phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT) 1,000 5 Dithiophosphates 6,000 (Combined a Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) capacity will be b Alkyl Sodium Dithiophosphate manufactured on Campaign basis) c Sodium Dithiophosphate

6 Organic Acetates 5,000 (Combined a 2-Methyl Adrohol Acetate capacity will be b Trimethyl Cyclohexyl Acetate manufactured on c Styrallyl Acetate Campaign basis) d Phenethyl Acetate 7 Hydrogenated Products 5,000 (Combined a O-Methyl Cyclohexanol capacity will be b O-Methyl Cyclohexanone manufactured on c Styrallyl Alcohol Campaign basis) d 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanol e 3,3,5 Trimethyl Cyclohexanone Sub Total (Products) 29,000 By-Products 1 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphide (NaHS) 8,500 2 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 19,500 3 Wettable Sulphur 3,000 4 Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) 150 5 Sodium Sulphite Na2SO3 650 6 Dil. Acetic Acid 3000

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Sub Total (By Products) 34,800 Grand Total (Products + By products) 63,800

Note: Prasol chemicals private limited proposed to undertake establishment of manufacturing of inorganic phosphorus based chemicals [Phosphorus pentasulfide: 12,000 TPA, Red Phosphorus: 2,000 TPA, & Chlorinated products (Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus Pentachloride, Phosphoryl Trichloride, Triphosphoryl chloride): 10,000 TPA) used in lubricant oil which does not falls under EIA notification, 2006 plus trading activity 5000 TPA, Company has applied and received Consent to establish from Maharashtra Pollution control board for above inorganic phosphorus based products. Copy of Consent to establish is attached as Annexure 1.2.

Utilities

Power requirement for the proposed facility shall be around 2400 KVA which will be sourced from MSEDCL grid. For Inorganic manufacturing facility, 1 no. of 400 KVA DG set will be installed. It is proposed to install 1 No of additional DG set of 400 KVA capacity for proposed establishment project. Total fuel requirement for DG sets will be HSD of 4800 Lit/ Day. For Inorganic manufacturing facility, 1 no. of 10 TPH coal fired boiler will be installed. It is proposed to install additional 1 no. of 10 TPH boiler for proposed establishment project. The fuel requirement shall be as follows: Table 11.2 Fuel requirement for Boiler Sr Capacity Fuel requirement Source No 10 TPH Boiler (for Coal: 60 TPD or Imported / 1 Organic products) Furnace oil: 18 KLD Local 10 TPH Boiler (For in Coal: 60 TPD or Imported / 2 organic products) Furnace oil: 18 KLD Local

Water Consumption & Effluent generation

The fresh water for proposed establishment project will be sourced from MIDC. The source is dependable and reliable. Prasol have applied for water assurance from MIDC for its water requirement. Copy of letter submitted to MIDC is attached (Annexure 2.2). The Total water requirement is about 506 cmd (For organic & Inorganic product’s facility) out of which fresh water consumption is 355 cmd & treated recycle is 151 cmd for domestic, process, cooling tower, and boiler and for green belt maintenance purpose for plant facility. Computation of water requirement is summarized below Table 11.3 Total Water requirement No Description For In organic For Organic Total (cmd) products (cmd) products (cmd) (*) 1 Domestic 5 10 15

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2 Industrial 2.1 Industrial cooling / 143 193 336 boiler feed 2.2 Industrial processing 5 75 80 3 Gardening 25 50 75 Total 178 328 506 MOEF & CC vide letter dated 10th July 2017, has mentioned that “ZLD plan is to be prepared and submitted”. (Refer Annexure 1.1 for the letter). Though Prasol wish to have ZLD Plan, while accessing its practicability and feasibility, It is noticed that ZLD condition may not be practical and feasible under following situations, 1) Plant startup / stabilization phase 2) Plant upset condition 3) Emergency plant conditions

Prasol will make all arrangements to store and treat the generated effluent, Prasol may discharge about 50 cmd treated effluent as per CPCB/ SPCB norms to Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) under above conditions. In this connection Prasol approached CETP authority who agreed to accept treated effluent under certain conditions (refer Annexure 2.3), which are agreed by Prasol. Table 11.4 Waste water generation and disposal No Description From In organic From Organic Total Disposal products (cmd) products (cmd) (cmd) (*) 1 Domestic 3 5 8 Treatment and effluent partially recycle. 2 Trade 23 140 163 Balance of 50 cmd effluent discharge to CETP Total 26 145 171

Hazardous & Non- Hazardous waste generation & it’s disposal

Details of the waste anticipated for the proposed establishment have been presented at Table below. Table 11.5 Proposed Non hazardous waste generation and disposal Sr Type of Waste For inorganic For Total UOM Mode of No products (*) Organic Disposal products 1 Iron, Glass, 6 - 6 TPA Sale to Plastic scrap, authorized glass wool etc. party 2 Coal Ash 1 11 12 TPD Sale to brick manufacturer/ Landfill 3 Ion Exchange - 1.5 1.5 TPA Landfill

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Resins (DM (CHWTSDF) Plant / Other Plant) 4 Sand from - 10 10 TPA Landfill Water Filtration (CHWTSDF) 5 Used Cotton - 5000 5000 Pairs/Y Landfill Hand gloves ear (CHWTSDF) 6 Miscellaneous - 0.75 0.75 TPA Sale to (Rubber & Authorized Teflon Gasket/ Parties / Packing/ Landfill Transmission Belt /V-Belts / Packing, PP / FRP/ material, suction air filter of compressor/ packing (*) Consent to Establish dated 30th June 2017. Table 11.6 Proposed hazardous waste generation and disposal Sr Type of Catego For For Total UOM Mode of N Waste ry inorganic Organic Disposal o products product (*) s Schedule I 1 Distillation 36.1 - 1000 1000 TPA Disposal to Residue MWML / Sale to Authorized party 2 Residue 29.2 - 85 85 TPA Disposal to from ZDDP MWML / Sale manufactur to Authorized e party 3 Chemical 35.3 30 200 230 TPA Disposal to sludge from MWML waste water treatment 4 Used Oil 5.1 2 15 17 KLPA Sale to Authorized party/Recycle r 5 Spent 28.2 - 10 10 TPA Disposal to Catalyst MWML / Sale to Authorized party 6 Used Empty 33.1 6000 5000 11000 Nos/Y Sale to Barrels / ear Authorized

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Liners party Schedule II 7 Halogen B30 50 - 50 TPA CHWTSDF containing compounds 8 Sulphides C -13 36 - 36 TPA CHWTSDF (*) Consent to Establish dated 30th June 2017.

Description of the Environment

Considering the local and regional setting of the area surrounding the plant facility, surrounding area of 10 km of the plant site is considered as study area for setting up environmental baseline to study/ predict the impacts in surroundings due to the proposed establishment project, as per MoEFCC guidelines. Environmental data monitoring was done during Summer 2017 (March, April & May 2017) for meteorology, air quality, water quality, noise levels and soil characteristics, by setting up monitoring stations as prescribed. Further, existing ecological and socioeconomic features were also studied.

Land Environment

The soil samples were collected at 8 locations having different land use. Based on the soil analysis for its physical and chemical properties, It is observed that • Soil in the area is mainly sandy in nature. • Water holding capacity varies from 1.8% to 3.8%. • pH of soil varies from 6.54 to 7.56 which is “Neutral” in nature. • Conductivity of soil is observed within range of “Average” i.e. from 236.3 µmhos/cm to 376.0 µmhos/cm. • Potassium content in the soil samples varies from 115.5 kg/Ha to 138.6 kg/Ha which is in range of “Very Less” & “Less” • % TOC is observed in range of 0.10% to 0.15% which is “Very less”. • Phosphate content in the soil is varies from 14.7 kg/Ha to 27.8 kg/Ha which is “Less”.

Air Environment

The baseline air quality was established by monitoring major air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, nMHC, NH3 & Benzene at eight locations (including MIDC location) in study area for 24 hours during period of Summer 2017. The air quality was observed to be within the NAAQS norms for residential and rural area.

• Average concentration of PM10 ranged from 52.4 μg/m3 to 65.7 μg/m3. It is noted that the PM10 results are within permissible limit of 100 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs.

• Average concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 16.8 μg/m3 to 19.3 μg/m3. It is noted that the PM2.5 results are within permissible limit of 60 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs.

• Average concentration of SO2 ranged from 11.0 μg/m3 to 12.2 μg/m3. It is noted that the SO2 results are within permissible limit of 80 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs.

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• Average concentration of NOx ranged from 13.8 μg/m3 to 15.1 μg/m3. It is noted that the NOx results are also within permissible limit of 80 μg/m3 for 24 Hrs. • Average concentration of CO ranged from 0.18 mg/m3 to 0.23 mg/m3. It is noted that the CO results are also within permissible limit of 4 mg/m3 for 24 Hrs. • Average concentration of nMHC is 0.02 ppm. It is noted that the nMHC results are found to be low.

• NH3 in the study area found to be BDL. • Benzene in the study area found to be BDL.

Concentration of air pollutants (like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, nMHC, NH3 & Benzene etc.) is below the specified CPCB norms. Hence ambient air in the 10 km study zone is well within the norms laid down by CPCB. Thus, it can be concluded that ambient air quality in the area is not polluted.

Noise Environment

Industrial area: From above results it was observed that noise levels in MIDC location is within standards. Residential area: Noise levels were found to be exceeding the standard in Barasgaon & Birwadi village during day time and Amshet & Birwadi village during night time. Exceedance of standards is mainly due to localized disturbances.

Water Environment

Ground water (Borewell water) was collected at 8 locations in study area. It is observed that all parameters of samples meet Drinking water standards except presence of coliform in Barasgaon village. Presence of coliform is mainly due to contamination of sewage/ human interference. Surface water quality was monitored for 4 rivers mainly Kal river, Savitri river, Kharak river & Bhona river within 10 km study area. From the analysis results it can be observed that, surface water quality mainly falls under classification C & E as per IS 2296- 1982.

Biological Environment

Study area is area within radial distance of 10 Km from proposed site. It encompasses about 67 villages in Mahad and 12 in Poladpur Taluka of Raigad District. According to bio-geographic zone classification of India, entire study area falls under ‘Western Ghats’. Though, there are 20 villages in study area which are listed as ESAs; villages adjoining to additional Mahad MIDC such as, Birwadi, Pimpaldari, Amshet, Barasgaon, Bhave, Kalinj are not listed in Order under section 5 of EP Act 1986 dated 13th November 2013, draft Notification dated 10th March 2014, draft Notifiation dated 4th September 2015 and draft Notification dated 27th February 2017 issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC). Nearest Eco-Sensitive Village, ‘Solamkond’ is about 1 Km towards West of site.

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During survey, total 16 locations (4 in each habitat) were visited for phyto-sociological studies. Data collected is used to determine Species Richness, Species Composition & Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index by standard methods.

Socio Economic Environment

Socio-economic survey was conducted in 25 areas i.e. 23 villages & 2 towns of the study area located in all directions & distances with reference to the proposed project site. As per 2011 census record: - Total population of the study area is 68,992 out of which 34,554 are males and 34,438 are females - There are 16,165 households in the study area with average family size is 4.3 persons per household. - Sex ratio within study area is 997 females per 1000 male which is higher as compared with 2001 census data. - Literacy rate of the study area has increased from 65.91% in 2001 to 73.27%. The male and female literacy rates are 79% and 67% respectively.

Observations from site survey: The respondents of the Birwadi, Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi, Khaire Tarf Birwadi, Asanpoi, Barasgaon, Shel, Vadghar Kh., Temghar, Jite, Bhave & Rajewadi complained about the pollution problem occurred from the existing industrial units located in Mahad industrial area. These areas experienced air, water & land pollution. As per them due to pollution the natural environment were deteriorated which affected the health, agricultural & fishing activity. Breathing problem, irritation in skin & eyes is a common health issues. The fertility of land were affected the production & quality of yields were deteriorate which reduces the income of farmers. Savitri river became polluted because of waste water discharged by the industries situated at Mahad MIDC. Adivasi community is affected as they mainly engaged in fishing activity as main source of livelihood. Inhabitants of Nadgaon Tarf Birwadi (CT), Chandhave Kh. & Rajewadi complained about the water pollution problem in Savitri River. Amshet, Kalij & Sheltoli villagers complained about the gas & foul smell but not suffering any health related issues. Also they have mentioned there is no effect of air pollution on surrounding agriculture field. Rest of the surveyed villages either gave positive or neutral response but expecting employment especially for unemployed educated local youth as well as development of infrastructure in villages.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

Environmental impact identification & Mitigation measures is based on the type, scale and location of proposed project activity. Environmental components that may be affected negatively and positively due to proposed activity are identified. Environment parameters are selected for impact assessment due to proposed activity during various phases. The maximum impacts during Construction & Operation phase were listed below:

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Table 11.7 Anticipated Impacts & Mitigation measures for different phases of project Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Anticipated Suggested Mitigation No. Aspect Impact Measures 1.0 Construction Land Generation of Segregation of Solid waste Phase Environment Solid waste/ & Hazardous waste/ Improper disposal Separate storage for solid method waste/ Disposal of solid waste as per MPCB norms Air Dust generation/ Dust suppression & Water Environment emission of SO2, sprinkling system for Dust NOx, CO from generating area/ Proper construction maintenance of activities equipment's & vehicles Noise From loading, Use of damping material/ Environment unloading of Regular maintenance of material/ equipment/ Isolation of Equipment noise generating handling/ Noise equipment/ generating equipment Water Consumption of Fresh water requirement Environment fresh water/ will be fulfilled from MIDC. Improper disposal Sewage will be treated & of sewage reused for gardening. Biological Generation of Green belt will be Environment dust/ Improper developed suitably. disposal of Sewage will be treated & sewage reused for gardening. Socio Economic Employment Approx. 100- 150 no. of Environment generation/ persons will be employed Health of workers from nearby area for construction phase. Adequate provision of PPE/ Suitable infrastructure facilities for workers 2.0 Operation Land Generation of Non Hazardous & Phase Environment Solid waste & Hazardous waste will be Hazardous waste segregated & stored in designated storage area. Hazardous waste will be disposed off as per CPCB/ MPCB norms.

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Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Anticipated Suggested Mitigation No. Aspect Impact Measures Air Emission of TPM Boiler will be provided Environment & flue gases from with Dust collector Boiler/ Fugitive followed by Bag filter with emission/ Process adequate Stack height. To emissions, control process emissions, Increase in conc. adequate scrubbers will of PM10, SO2 & be provided. Regular NOx emission monitoring of stacks as per MPCB/ CPCB norms. From the air modelling study, it is observed that flue gas emission is within permissible standard. Noise From loading, Isolation of vibrating units Environment unloading of & equipment/ Regular material/ maintenance of Operation of equipment's/ Use of pumps & vibration dampening/ machineries Adequate PPE for workers Water Fresh water Fresh water will be Environment consumption of sourced from MIDC. Prasol 355 cmd from have applied for water MIDC/ Effluent assurance from MIDC for generation, additional water treatment & requirement. Water disposal conservation measures: • Effluent will be segregated, treated & recycled within plant. • 50 cmd of treated effluent will be sent to CETP for discharge. • ETP will be provided to treat effluent generated from various streams. • Treated effluent quality will be maintain as per MPCB standards. Biological Emission of 14900 sq. m of area will be Environment pollutant/ Solid & developed as Green belt. Hazardous waste Green belt will be generation/ developed to provide Effluent screening effect. Treated generation & effluent will be recycle for

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Sr. Step/Activity Environmental Anticipated Suggested Mitigation No. Aspect Impact Measures disposal gardening. Socio Economic Employment Approx. 100 nos. of Environment generation/ persons will be employed Health of workers during operation phase. Preferences shall be given to local employment. CER budget of Rs. 100 Lakhs for next financial year. Proposed project will result in Increased taxes to local Gram panchayat Environment Monitoring Program

For tracking of the effectiveness of mitigation measures & EMP at specific interval, regular monitoring of the necessary environmental parameters is required. • Regular monitoring through MoEFCC recognized laboratory for compliance with conditions of EC, Consent to operate and provisions under Factory Act & Environmental Protection Act • Monitoring of environmental samples shall be done as per the methods/guidelines provided by MoEFCC/ CPCB and /or relevant Indian Standards or methods as specified by Standard Methods • Assessment of the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during the project operation/activities. • Identification of any significant adverse transformation in environmental condition to plan additional mitigation measures; if & as required.

Additional Studies (Safety and risk assessment studies)

Safety and risk assessment studies have been conducted for principal storage tanks and chemicals proposed to be handled onsite (OSBL tanks). The calculations of F & EI and Recommendations are done for the Ethanol, Octanol, Iso- butanol, Iso propyl alcohol, Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride, Cyclohexane, O- cresol tanks. The degree of hazards is tabulated based on F & E I, Mond index. Systematic study based on ALOHA has been carried out for different chemicals & the details of consequence analysis studies have been presented in the chapter 7 & Annexure 7.2 of EIA report. The precautions to be taken and recommendation for safe operations are mentioned at site. Company has committed to comply with suggested recommendation.

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Project Benefits

• Project will result in benefit to the country in form of foreign exchange revenues, duties etc.

• Enhanced production will also result in increased taxes to local gram panchayat and State Exchequer.

• Manpower requirement during Construction phase will be approximately 100-150 No. of persons from nearby local area

• Manpower requirement during Operation phase will be approximately 100 No. of Persons from nearby local area

• Further, the indirect employment via increased transportation, ancillary units & local economic activities with enhances spending power will also add in the employment potential.

• Indirect improvement in public infrastructure through CER activities carried by Prasol Chemicals with enhances spending power will help to improve the overall quality of life in study area.

Environment Management Plan

The plan incorporates environment management measures during construction and operation phases. The capital outlay for environmental control & management measures estimated to be Rs. 300 lakhs. Environmental Controlling Measure Capital O&M Investment Cost/Annum (Rs. In Lakhs) (Rs. In Lakhs) Air Pollution Control 30 6 Environment Monitoring - 2 Water Pollution Control 200 150 Hazardous waste & Solid waste management 20 10 Green Belt Development 25 5 Occupational Health & Safety 25 2 Total 300 175

Conclusion

The study for the proposed project of Prasol Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Add. Mahad MIDC has revealed that the upcoming activities will have some minimal impacts during operation phase. All other impacts of the project will remain far below acceptable limits after necessary mitigation as described & suggested in EIA report. The major impacts will also be brought under acceptable limits by implementing the required hazard prevention & control measures as suggested in the report. Thus, it has been concluded that there would not be any major impacts on environment due to the proposed project.

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12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

Name : ADITYA ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PVT. LTD. Reg. Office : 107, Hiren Light Indl. Estate, Mogul Lane, Mahim, Mumbai – 400016 Phone No. : 022 42127500 Email id : [email protected] Central Lab : P-1, MIDC Mohopada, P.O. Rasayani, Dist. Raigad Pin 410207 Phone No. : 02192 252008 Email id : [email protected] Goa : 08322652456 Ahmedabad : 079 40063271 Branches : Pune : 915802585 Delhi : 011 64595949 Baroda : 02652331790 Accreditation : 1. ‘A’ Category EIA Consultancy Organization by QCI-NABET Obtained 2. Recognized by MoEF&CC as “Environmental Laboratory” vide S.O.No. 1190 (E) dt. 01.05.2014 valid up to 30.04.2019 3. ISO 9001:2008 Certified 4. OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Services :  Environmental planning studies Offered by  Policy planning studies for CPCB, MPCB and other agencies like World AESPL Bank.  Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) & Environment Management Plan (EMP)  Risk Analysis Studies & On Site/Off Site Emergency Management Plan.  Environment Health & Safety audits & Due Diligence audits  Effluent Characterization & Treatability Studies  Project Management Consultancy for Effluent Treatment Plants  Ventilation, work room air quality surveys  Air pollution control system design  Analytical Services covering entire spectrum of environmental analysis ➢ Ambient air monitoring ➢ Ambient noise level monitoring ➢ Ground & Surface water analysis ➢ Soil analysis ➢ Marine water & sediment analysis ➢ Ecological & Biodiversity surveys ➢ Socio-economic surveys ➢ Hydro-geological surveys  Coastal engineering & coastal process studies & management plans Website : www.aespl.co.in

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