KARYOTYPE VARIATION IN LEEA L.

S.P. KARKAMKAR AND V.P. PATIL Department of Genetics

Karyomorphologicai studies of 15 Leea species revealed the chromosome number as 2n=24 except for tour teinploid species, viz., L. crispa, L. gigantea, L. herbacea and L. robuita wlierein the number was 2n=48. Chromosomes were either median or submedian, though ihere were variations in chromosome lengths. Total length of the haploidcompiemenl was minimum in L. ratuijMand maximum in L, eequata among diploid species. Among tetraploid species, it was relatively lowest inL. robusia and highest in L. herbacea. Based on median and submedian chromosomes, and total chromosome length of haploid complement, it is suggested thatspecies with relatively highrrcomplemcnt length appeared to be of recent origin. There was only one pair of SAT-chromosomes in the complement except fort./i4fr(Kicea, which had two SAT-pairs. All these variations have been discussed in detail. Key words: Karyotypes, chromosomc morphology, SAT-chromosomes.

The genus Leea L. belongs to the grape family L. latifolia Vitaccaecomprising about 130species distributed in L. macrophylla Karnataka tropics and subtropics. Screening of the available L. rubra Middle Andanun species for resistance to major fyngal pathogens L. robusia suggested these to be immune (Patil et a!., 1990). It L. sambucina Varandha is, therefore, a prerequisite to collect the information L. setuligera Khandala on cytology of these wild relatives to trace the Detailed analysis has been done by following the relationships with grapes as also to exploit the possi­ toot tip squash method (Shamia and Mookeijea, bility of their use in the improvement of grapes. 1955). Ten well separated metaphase plates were Cytological studies in this family is restricted selected and sketched with camcra lucida under oil to chromosome numbers only (Fedorov, 1969), though immeision objective at bench level. Numerical .se­ few reports arc available on karyotype analysis quence of individual chromosomes in the complement (Vatsala, 1960; Sudarshan Raj and Seclhaiah, 1969, was given according to the criteria adapted by Scars 1973; Hazra and Sharraa, 1970; Patil and Jadhav, (1958) and Riley (1963), starting with longest and 1980). Hence, an attempt has been made to study in ending with the shortest. The chromosomes were deta i I the ka ryomorphology of 15 species of this genus assigned to different types based on their relative Leea. length, position of ccntromcrc and SAT-chrortosome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The abbreviations used for the purpose arc M=niedian, Sm=submedian, sl=SAT chromosome. Leea species studied alongwith localities are given Chromosome types include also the following: below ; A=1.00 to 2.00//m, B=2.00 to 3.00//m, C=3.00 to Name of species Locality 4.00 ^m . Leea acuminata Khasi hills L. aequata Khandala RESULTS Long Island, Andaman L. angulata Data recorded on total chromosome length, anii L. aspera Khandala . ratio (longe.st/sbortcst chromosomc), coefficient of L. crispa Konkan variability in the somatic complements of the above L. gigantea Middle Andaman 15 species arc presented in Tabic 1. L. herbacea KJbasi bills L. indica Western Ghat Out of fifteen types studied, eleven types have L. javanica South Andaman chromosome number 2n=24 and four types have chro- species. Number of chromosomes with median constrictions are maximum inL. indica, L. crispa and L.robusta whereas minimum number is noted in A. acuminata, L. aequata, L. aspera and L. herbacea. Number of chromosomes with submedian constric­ tions are more in L. acuminata, L. aequaia, L. aspera, L. latifolia and L. herbacea and less inZ.. indica, L. crispa and L. rubra (See plate I and II).

Coefficient of variability forchromosonie lengths in the complement is found to be more or less similar with total chromosome length and ratio of longest to shortest chromosome in the species studied.

Out of 15 species studied, only one species L. herbacea has two pairs of SAT-chromosonies and in rest of the species there is only one pair of SAT- chromosomes. Sequence number of SAT-chromo- somes varies from I to V. In majority of species, longest chromosome pair was the SAT-pair. All the species have submedian SAT-chromosomes except for L. acuminata in which the SAT-chromosonies appeared to be sub-terminal (see plate II). ''r A DISCUSSION Chromosomc number Chromosome numbers < t ' V studied in 15 species of Leea revealed 11 species having 2n=24 and in remaining four species the •< 'f< number is 2n=48. The present findings confirm earlier 8 reports on chromosome number as 2n=24, e.g., in L. sambucina (Shetty and Raman, 1960; Mehra, 1976; Pali! el a!., 1980 and Nagare, 1982). However, in the same species. Gill et al. (1979) have reported n=24. Varialioas in this number as n=10 by Nair and Nam- Figures 1-9, 1, Camera Lucida Drawing (C.L.D.) of somatic meia- bisaii(l957),2n=22by Vatsala (1960) and 2n=24,26 phasc plate of h. acuminala x 24Q0/

Chromosome morphology Data on karyomor- nior.onie number 2n=48. Total length of Ihe haploid phology of 15 Leea species suggest the chromo­ complements was maximum in L. herbacea (54.79 somes to have median or subn>edian constriclions. /im) and minimum in L. acuminata (24.65 /

able 1 ■ Ch/oiDosome morphology in L 'ca species.

,pecics 2n= Longesl Shortest ToiaJ chro- Longesiy Coeffi- Karyotype formula (n) chrom o­ chrom o' mosomf shoncsi cienf of som e (L) some (S) length of chrom oso­ variabi­ fim haploid mes (IvS) lity set {um)

,)iplold species

I, acuminata 24 2.92 1.38 24.65 2,116 0,1982 lSmslB+3SmA+4SmB+2MA+2MB I. indica 24 3.12 1.58 26.43 1,977 0,2053 lSmslC+3SmB+4MA+4M13 I aspera 24 2.83 1.60 26.90 1,770 0,1701 lSmslB+'2SmA + 5SmB+2MA + 2MB J. nngulala 24 2.94 1.58 27,02 1,861 0,1970 lSmslR+2SmA + 3SmBt2MA+4MB 1 suruligem 24 2.83 1.57 27.55 1,800 0,1835 lSmslB+5SmB*4MA*2MB 1. nthra 24 3.29 1.76 28.13 1,870 0,1875 lSmstC+ lStnA+4SmB+2MA<-4MB /.. samhuctna 24 3.61 1.61 29,31 2,020 0.2417 lSmslC+4SniB+2SmC+3MA<-2MB 1 iiivanica 24 3.22 1.75 30.20 1,840 0.1775 lSmslC+lSmA+3SniB + 2SmC + lMA-t 4M13 /,. macrophylla 24 3.30 1.60 30.28 2,060 0.2159 ISmslC f lSinA+4SmB + lSmr<2MA<- 2MB^ 1 MC /.. lalifoha 24 3.61 1.66 31.27 2,175 0.2337 lSmsK>4SmB+2Sm('+2MA + 3MB I acquata 24 3.78 1.48 34.49 2.550 0.2138 lSmslB + 3SmAf4SmBt2MAt2MB

1 ftraplold sp ed es

/ robm^ta 48 2.73 1.33 45.89 2.050 0.1839 lSmsiB + 2SmA+3SmB + 13MA + 5MB I. cnspa 48 2.78 1.49 48.48 1,870 0,1744 lSmslB+lSmA+,5SmBtl3MA<-4MB ! ^igantca 48 3.39 1.J3 51,23 2,220 0,2054 ISmslC ^2SmAf6SniB+9MA<-6MB I herhacea 48 3.48 1.50 54,79 2.320 0,2252 2Sm,';tr+2SmA<-8SmB<-2SniC'+6MA + 4MR

iiiliiiniiiii lllliliiiiiiii

' llllllllllllillll

IIIIllllllllllltllllllHlllllllllillllliiiiii ioiUii iiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii I I !l

h«rc«c««

iiii II mil n il k* m«cropHYl1» Plale II Idiograms of L eai species. indica, L. crispa And L. robusia. Total length of the Nagare M B \982Cyto-taxonomic studies in Vitaceat haploid complement of these species is highest in L. M Sc Thesis University of Poona. herbacea (54.79 fim) and lowest in L. acuminata Nair N C & P N N Nambisan 1957 Contribution to (24.65 //m). the floral morphology and embryology ofZ,. sambuc- Coefficient of variability showed more or less ina W M Bot Not n o 160-172. parallel trends with the lengths of longest and shortest Patil S G, B K Honrao, V G Rao & V P Patil 199(1 chromosomes. Screening of grape (VilLs species) germplasm for It is normally expected to get one pair of SAT- resistance to three major fungal diseases, Indian chromosomes in diploid and two pairs in tetraploid Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60 836-38. species. All the spccies had one pair of SAT- Patil V P & A S Jadhav 1985 Karyomorphology of chromosomes except for L. herbacea (tetraploid three varieties of Vitis vinifera, Cyiologia 56 83-88. species) where two pairs of SAT-chromosomes arc noted. In other three tetraploid species only one pair Patil V P, M S Kumbhojkar & A S Jadhav 1980 of SAT-chromosorrmes are observed. Such variations Chromosome numbers in the family Vitaceae, Curr may be attributed to (i) differential amphiplasty Sci 49 37-38. involving loss or gain of one SAT-pair in the course Ridsdalc C E 1974 A revision of the family Leeaceac, of speciation, or (ii) inter-specific variations. Blumea 22 57-100.

Authors arc grateful to the Director, M.A.C.S., Riley R 1963 Wheat breeding and the behavioui (-! Pune-4 for facilities. This work has been done under chromosomes. New Scientist 17 698-700, the All Coordinated Research Projcct on Fruit Improvement (Grapes), sponsored by the Indian Sears E R 1958 TTie aneuploids of common whcau, pp. 221-29. Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Proc 1st Int Wheal Genet Sym REFERENCES Shanna A K & A Mookerjea 1955 Paradichloro benzene and other chemicals in chromosome work, Fedorov A 1969 Chromosome numbers of powering Stain Tech. 30(1) 1-7. plants, Otto Koeitz Science Publishers, West Ger­ many. Shetfy B V & V S Raman 1960 Chromosome number?, in the Vitaceae, Curr Sci 29 259-280. Gill B S, S S Bir & V K Singhal 1979 In lOPB chromosome number reports LXV Taxon 28 (5/6). Stebbins Jr G L 1950 Variation and Evolution in Plants, Oxford Book Co Calcutta pp 643. Hazra R & A Shamia 1970 Chromosome of some Indian Vitaceae, Folia Biol Krakow 18 123-135. Sudarshan Raj &. L Seethaiah 1969 Karyotype analy sis and meiotic studies in three varieties of grape (V7n.s Khosla P K 1978 Cytosystematics of some harwood vinifera L.), Cytologia 34(3) 475-483. families, A^uc/eui'21 211-218. Sudarshan Raj & L Seethaiah 1973 Cytological Mehra P N \^16 Cytology of Himalayan Harwoods, studies in grape Vitis vinifera, Cytologia 38(4) 549­ Sree Saraswaty Press, Calcutta. 557. Mehra P N & P K Khosla 1969 In lOPB chromosome Vatsala P 1960 Chromosome studies in Anipelidaceae, number reports xx, Taxon 18(2) 213-221. La Cellule 61 193-206.