DOCSLIB.ORG

Prophesying Disaster

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prophesying Disaster CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Prophesying disaster: The regional repercussions of partitioning Palestine The Middle East according to the British Foreign Office, 1937-38 Vemund Høegh-Larsen MA Thesis in History Department of Archaeology, Conservation, and History (IAKH) University of Oslo (UIO) Spring 2010 I Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................. IV A short note on the primary sources ................................................................................................... V Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 The accuracy of the Foreign Office prophecies .................................................................................. 8 The rationale behind the Foreign Office policy................................................................................. 11 Theoretical approach ......................................................................................................................... 13 Egypt ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 British-Egyptian relations .................................................................................................................. 16 Egypt and Palestine in British strategy: linkages .............................................................................. 18 The Palestine issue in Egypt .............................................................................................................. 19 The impact of the Partition plan ........................................................................................................ 22 The likelihood of a hostile, pro-Italian Egypt ................................................................................... 27 Lampson’s role .................................................................................................................................. 32 Saudi Arabia ........................................................................................................................................ 36 Anglo-Saudi relations ........................................................................................................................ 36 Arab nationalism and the Palestine issue in Saudi Arabia ................................................................ 40 The Arab Rebellion ........................................................................................................................... 42 Ibn Saud, Palestine and Pan-Arabism ............................................................................................... 43 The release of the Peel plan ............................................................................................................... 45 Ibn Saud as an Arabist icon ............................................................................................................... 49 Ibn Saud’s regional claims ................................................................................................................ 52 The Italian factor ............................................................................................................................... 53 German approaches ........................................................................................................................... 55 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 58 Iraq ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 Anglo-Iraqi relations ......................................................................................................................... 62 II The Palestine question in Iraq ........................................................................................................... 65 Prelude – the Palestine Arab Rebellion ............................................................................................. 66 The Peel report .................................................................................................................................. 69 The Iraqi military intervenes ............................................................................................................. 72 Mounting discontent with the Midfa’i Government .......................................................................... 74 The fall of the Midfa’i Government .................................................................................................. 76 Palestine as a constant in Iraqi politics .............................................................................................. 78 The Partition proposal’s effect on Anglo-Iraqi relations ................................................................... 79 The deterioration of Anglo-Iraqi relations 1939-1941 ...................................................................... 81 The Foreign Office prophecies – the verdict ..................................................................................... 84 Transjordan ......................................................................................................................................... 86 Transjordan and Palestine ................................................................................................................. 88 The Palestine Rebellion ..................................................................................................................... 91 The Peel Report ................................................................................................................................. 93 Abdullah and the Arab world ............................................................................................................ 97 British reactions ................................................................................................................................. 98 Abdullah’s options ............................................................................................................................ 99 The Foreign Office and Abdullah...and Ibn Saud ........................................................................... 101 The likelihood of a major rising in Transjordan .............................................................................. 105 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 107 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................ 110 Why did the Eastern Department oppose partition so vehemently? ................................................ 112 A pro-Arab policy? .......................................................................................................................... 117 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................... 118 Literature ......................................................................................................................................... 118 Archives consulted .......................................................................................................................... 122 Printed primary sources ................................................................................................................... 122 III Preface It took a long time to get this project airborne. Completing it took even longer. This matters little now as I am not one who dwells much with the missteps and frustrations of the past. The work is finished and I am ready to move on to different fields. Actually, I have already moved on. Last October my family and I returned to our hometown of Skien. Since then I have worked fulltime in the social services at NAV. While I find the work rewarding, I intend eventually to find something which is more related to my education. A substantial part of the preface is usually devoted to expressing gratitude towards fellow students and researchers. Well, from a scholarly angle only, this venture has been a rather lonesome journey. Not that I haven’t been surrounded by some really nice people throughout, I just never involved them much in my work. Looking back, in fact, I cannot remember letting any of my closest colleagues read through my manuscripts. While I did not bother my surroundings with my own work, the surroundings certainly made the experience more enjoyable. I must thank all the students who helped make the break room such a pleasant and tight packed space. Extra special thanks go out to Johannes Due Enstad and Magnus Haakenstad. Good luck to both of you, whatever you decide to do in the future. One who was forced to involve herself in my work was my advisor Hilde Henriksen Waage. I could go one praising her for her vast knowledge, or even more so, for her astonishing work ethic. I choose, nonetheless, to honour her personal qualities. Hilde is just one exceptionally likable individual. She is not only
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Iraq Coup of Raschid Ali in 1941, the Mufti Husseini and the Farhud
    The Iraq Coup of 1941, The Mufti and the Farhud Middle new peacewatc document cultur dialo histor donation top stories books Maps East s h s e g y s A detailed timeline of Iraqi history is given here, including links to UN resolutions Iraq books Map of Iraq Map of Kuwait Detailed Map of Iraq Map of Baghdad Street Map of Baghdad Iraq- Source Documents Master Document and Link Reference for the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Zionism and the Middle East The Iraq Coup Attempt of 1941, the Mufti, and the Farhud Prologue - The Iraq coup of 1941 is little studied, but very interesting. It is a dramatic illustration of the potential for the Palestine issue to destabilize the Middle East, as well a "close save" in the somewhat neglected theater of the Middle East, which was understood by Churchill to have so much potential for disaster [1]. Iraq had been governed under a British supported regency, since the death of King Feysal in September 1933. Baqr Sidqi, a popular general, staged a coup in October 1936, but was himself assassinated in 1937. In December of 1938, another coup was launched by a group of power brokers known as "The Seven." Nuri al-Sa'id was named Prime Minister. The German Consul in Baghdad, Grobba, was apparently already active before the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, soliciting support for Germany and exploiting unrest. [2]. Though the Germans were not particularly serious about aiding a revolt perhaps, they would not be unhappy if it occurred. In March of 1940 , the "The Seven" forced Nuri al-Sa'id out of office.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq Main to Printer 3
    U.S. POLICY IN POST-SADDAM IRAQ LESSONS FROM THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE Edited by Michael Eisenstadt and Eric Mathewson THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, re- cording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2003 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2003 in the United States of America by The Washing- ton Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data U.S. policy in post-Saddam Iraq : lessons from the British experience/ edited by Michael Eisenstadt and Eric Mathewson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-944029-84-1 1. Iraq—Relations—Great Britain. 2. Great Britain—Relations—Iraq. 3. World War, 1914–1918—Iraq. 4. World War, 1939–1945— Iraq. 5. National state. I. Title: U.S. policy in post-Saddam Iraq. II. Eisenstadt, Michael. III. Mathewson, Eric, 1959– IV. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. DS70.96.G7U15 2003 327.410567'09'04—dc21 2003004627 Cover inset photograph of Faysal ibn Husayn with his delegates and advisors at the Versailles peace conference in 1919 © Bettmann/Corbis. Behind him in the picture are (left to right) his private secretary and fellow delegate Rustum Haydar; Brigadier General Nuri al-Sa‘id of Baghdad; Captain Rosario Pisani of France; Colonel T. E.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain and the Arab-Israeli War of 1948
    Britainand the Arab Israeli War Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/jps/article-pdf/16/4/50/161179/2536720.pdf by guest on 02 June 2020 of 1948 Avi Shlaim* At midnighton 14 May 1948, the Britishhigh commissioner for Palestineleft Palestine with all hisstaff, and twenty-eight years of British responsibilityfor Palestine came to an end. The storybegan with the BalfourDeclaration of November 1917 followed in April1920 by the San Remoconference's entrusting ofBritain with the Mandate for Palestine, so thatit wouldbe administeredaccording to the termsof the Balfour Declarationand preparedfor self-government. The way in whichthe mandatewas established left a terribleblot on Britain'sentire record as the greatpower responsible for governing the country. And therewas, to say theleast, something unusual about the way in which Britain retreated from themandate. As ReesWilliams, undersecretary ofstate for the colonies, toldthe House of Commons: "On the14th May, 1949, the withdrawal of theBritish Administration took place without handing over to a responsible authorityany of the assets, property or liabilitiesof the Mandatory Power. The mannerin whichthe withdrawal took place is unprecedentedin the historyof our Empire.' Whatwere the reasonsbehind the inexcusablyabrupt and reckless fashionin whichthe Britishgovernment chose to divestitself of the * Avi Shlaimis a Readerin Politicsat theUniversity of Reading, England. This paperwas preparedfor theconference on "BritishSecurity Policy 1945-1956" at King'sCollege, London, 25-26 March1987. The authorwould like to thankthe Economicand Social ResearchCouncil and the FordFoundation forresearch support. BRITAINAND THE ARAB-ISRAELIWAR OF 1948 51 Mandatefor Palestine? Very different answers are givento thisquestion by thetwo nations most directly affected by the British decision. On theJewish sidethe predominant view is thatBritain departed with full knowledge that the surroundingArab countrieswould immediatelyattack and in the expectationthat the Jewish population of Palestinewould be massacredor driveninto the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise and Fall of the All-Palestine Government in Gaza
    The Rise and Fall of the All Palestine Government in Gaza Avi Shlaim* The All-Palestine Government established in Gaza in September 1948 was short-lived and ill-starred, but it constituted one of the more interest- ing and instructive political experiments in the history of the Palestinian national movement. Any proposal for an independent Palestinian state inevitably raises questions about the form of the government that such a state would have. In this respect, the All-Palestine Government is not simply a historical curiosity, but a subject of considerable and enduring political relevance insofar as it highlights some of the basic dilemmas of Palestinian nationalism and above all the question of dependence on the Arab states. The Arab League and the Palestine Question In the aftermath of World War II, when the struggle for Palestine was approaching its climax, the Palestinians were in a weak and vulnerable position. Their weakness was clearly reflected in their dependence on the Arab states and on the recently-founded Arab League. Thus, when the Arab Higher Committee (AHC) was reestablished in 1946 after a nine- year hiatus, it was not by the various Palestinian political parties them- selves, as had been the case when it was founded in 1936, but by a deci- sion of the Arab League. Internally divided, with few political assets of its *Avi Shlaim is the Alastair Buchan Reader in International Relations at Oxford University and a Professorial Fellow of St. Antony's College. He is author of Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Persia & Iraq Command History & Personnel
    2020 www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Author: Robert PALMER, M.A. PERSIA & IRAQ COMMAND (HISTORY & PERSONNEL) A short history of the Persia and Iraq Command (also known as ‘PaiForce’), an operational command in the British Army between ??. In addition, known details of the key appointments held between 1930 and 1950 are included. Copyright ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk (2020) 31 July 2020 [PERSIA & IRAQ COMMAND HISTORY & PERSONNEL] A Concise History of Persia & Iraq Command Version: 2_1 This edition dated: 5 August 2020 ISBN: Not yet allocated. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, scanning without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Author: Robert PALMER, M.A. (copyright held by author) Assisted by: Stephen HEAL Published privately by: The Author – Publishing as: www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk ©www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 31 July 2020 [PERSIA & IRAQ COMMAND HISTORY & PERSONNEL] Persia and Iraq Command Modern Iraq is a country born out the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Turkey at the end of the Great War. A government for the new state of Iraq was formed in November 1920, with Emir Feisal being proclaimed King of Iraq on 23 August 1921. The United Kingdom signed a treaty with Iraq in October 1922 defining the relationship between the two sovereign states. This treaty imposed limits on the sovereignty of Iraq and maintained British interests in the country. In 1925, the area around Mosul, which was rich in oil deposits, was ceded to Iraq from Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 48
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 48 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First published in the UK in 2010 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All ri hts reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information stora e and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Printed by Windrush Group ,indrush House Avenue Two Station Lane ,itney O028 40, 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President 2arshal of the Royal Air Force Sir 2ichael 3eetham GC3 C3E DFC AFC 7ice8President Air 2arshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KC3 C3E AFC Committee Chairman Air 7ice82arshal N 3 3aldwin C3 C3E FRAeS 7ice8Chairman -roup Captain 9 D Heron O3E Secretary -roup Captain K 9 Dearman FRAeS 2embership Secretary Dr 9ack Dunham PhD CPsychol A2RAeS Treasurer 9 Boyes TD CA 2embers Air Commodore - R Pitchfork 23E 3A FRAes :9 S Cox Esq BA 2A :6r M A Fopp MA F2A FI2 t :-roup Captain A 9 Byford MA MA RAF :,ing Commander P K Kendall BSc ARCS MA RAF ,ing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications ,ing Commander C G Jefford M3E BA 2ana er :Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS OPENIN- ADDRESS œ Air 2shl Ian Macfadyen 7 ON.Y A SIDESHO,? THE RFC AND RAF IN A 2ESOPOTA2IA 1914-1918 by Guy Warner THE RAF AR2OURED CAR CO2PANIES IN IRAB 20 C2OST.YD 1921-1947 by Dr Christopher Morris No 4 SFTS AND RASCHID A.IES WAR œ IRAB 1941 by )A , Cdr Mike Dudgeon 2ORNIN- Q&A F1 SU3STITUTION OR SU3ORDINATION? THE E2P.OY8 63 2ENT OF AIR PO,ER O7ER AF-HANISTAN AND THE NORTH8,EST FRONTIER, 1910-1939 by Clive Richards THE 9E3E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sykes-Picot Agreement at 100: Rethinking the Map of the Modern Middle East
    AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE THE SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT AT 100: RETHINKING THE MAP OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST PANEL I: IS COLONIALISM TO BLAME? PANELISTS: SCOTT ANDERSON, AUTHOR OF “LAWRENCE IN ARABIA”; MARTIN INDYK, BROOKINGS INSTITUTION; ROBERT KAGAN, BROOKINGS INSTITUTION; DAN YERGIN, IHS MODERATOR: MICHAEL RUBIN, AEI PANEL II: THE SYKES-PICOT LEGACY, NOW AND IN THE FUTURE PANELISTS: ELLIOTT ABRAMS, COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS; RYAN CROCKER, FORMER AMBASSADOR TO IRAQ AND SYRIA; ADEED DAWISHA, MIAMI UNIVERSITY; OLIVIER DECOTTIGNIES, THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY MODERATOR: DANIELLE PLETKA, AEI 2:00 PM – 4:30 PM MONDAY, MAY 16, 2016 EVENT PAGE: http://www.aei.org/events/the-sykes-picot-agreement-at-100- rethinking-the-map-of-the-modern-middle-east/ TRANSCRIPT PROVIDED BY WWW.DCTMR.COM MICHAEL RUBIN: Welcome to the American Enterprise Institute and our panel on Sykes-Picot at 100. I want to thank you all for being here. Of course, anniversaries matter, and this is one of the most significant anniversaries at least in the crafting of the modern Middle East. Now, the Sykes-Picot Agreement may not have been implemented as it was originally designed, but few would doubt that it has had tremendous impact on the eventual shaping of the Middle East. And I’m thrilled that we have a two-panel conference. Danielle Pletka, the vice president for foreign policy and defense at AEI, will moderate the second panel, but I’ll be talking a little bit about the history panel. My name is Michael Rubin. I’m a resident scholar here. I’m a historian by training, which means I get paid to predict the past.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lawyers' Committee for Cultural Heritage Preservation 9 Annual
    The Lawyers' Committee for Cultural Heritage Preservation 9th Annual Conference Friday, April 13, 2018 8:00am-6:30pm Georgetown University Law Center McDonough Hall, Hart Auditorium 600 New Jersey Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001 TABLE OF CONTENTS: Panel 1: Claiming and Disclaiming Ownership: Russian, Ukrainian, both or neither? Panel 2: Whose Property? National Claims versus the Rights of Religious and Ethnic Minorities in the Middle East Panel 3: Protecting Native American Cultural Heritage Panel 4: Best Practices in Acquiring and Collecting Cultural Property Speaker Biographies CLE MATERIALS FOR PANEL 1 Laws/ Regulations Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-confiscated Art (1998) https://www.state.gov/p/eur/rt/hlcst/270431.htm Articles/ Book Chapters/ White Papers Quentin Byrne-Sutton, Arbitration and Mediation in Art-Related Disputes, ARBITRATION INT’L 447 (1998). F. Shyllon, ‘The Rise of Negotiation (ADR) in Restitution, Return and Repatriation of Cultural Property: Moral Pressure and Power Pressure’ (2017) XXII Art Antiquity and Law pp. 130-142. Bandle, Anne Laure, and Theurich, Sarah. “Alternative Dispute Resolution and Art-Law – A New Research Project of the Geneva Art-Law Centre.” Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011): 28 – 41 http://www.jiclt.com/index.php/jiclt/article/view/124/122 E. Campfens “Whose cultural heritage? Crimean treasures at the crossroads of politics, law and ethics”, AAL, Vol. XXII, issue 3, (Oct. 2017) http://www.iuscommune.eu/html/activities/2017/2017-11-23/workshop_3_Campfens.pdf Anne Laure Bandle, Raphael Contel, Marc-André Renold, “Case Ancient Manuscripts and Globe – Saint-Gall and Zurich,” Platform ArThemis (http://unige.ch/art-adr), Art-Law Centre, University of Geneva.
    [Show full text]
  • Fantasque Time Line | 1940
    21 avril L’affaire d’Irak Arbil – Larminat réorganise ses forces. Il a prévu de faire éclater ses forces en dispositif opérationnel. Dès le lendemain, son premier groupement tactique, le GTA (A pour Algériens), descendra vers Shaykh en longeant le Tigre. Le deuxième, le GTB (B pour British, colonel Arbuthnot), se dirigera sur Dibs et Altun Kupri. Enfin, le troisième, le GTZ (Z pour zouaves), doté des véhicules les plus rapides, sera lancé en direction de Taqtaq et de Dokan. Larminat est soucieux de coopération entre alliés, mais peu convaincu de la totale sincérité britannique depuis que certains épisodes regrettables qui se sont déroulés à Dunkerque lui ont été rapportés ; de plus, comme la majorité des coloniaux, il est traditionnellement anglophobe (non sans raisons, d’ailleurs). C’est pourquoi il encadre les unités du colonel Arbuthnot entre les siennes. Il va jusqu’à lui rattacher la compagnie mobile de fusiliers-marins de Lattaquieh, en renfort de leurs éléments de reconnaissance : « La Marine – que Dieu et Maurras me pardonnent – me servira d’Œil de Moscou » ricane le général, que personne n’accuserait pourtant de sympathies pour le communisme. La progression devrait s’accélérer, puisqu’on sera enfin en Irak “utile”, où les besoins de l’exploitation du pétrole ont conduit, depuis 1920, à la construction d’un dense réseau de routes de bonne qualité. Peut-être sera-t-il aussi possible de réquisitionner dans les parcs des compagnies pétrolières des poids lourds modernes ou des tracteurs et des remorques, pour suppléer les vieux porte-chars Berliet et Saurer qui ont mal digéré le sable des déserts.
    [Show full text]
  • Felicjan Pawlak
    Felicjan Pawlak Felicjan Pawlak Z Oflagu do Tobruku i w nieznane Diariusz 1939–1943 Opracował i wstępem opatrzył Karol Łopatecki Copyright © Felicjan Pawlak & spadkobiercy, Karol Łopatecki 2019 Copyright © Wydawnictwo inforteditions 2019 Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone/All rights reserved/ Alle Rechte vorbehalten/Tous les droits reserves www.inforteditions.com.pl | [email protected] ISBN 978-83-65982-36-0 Wydawnictwo inforteditions ul. Cicha 3, 42-690 Połomia tel. +48 32/272 84 96 Redakcja: Witold Grzelak (redaktor serii), Anna Grzelak Redakcja techniczna: Bogusław Nikonowicz Indeks osobowy: Karol Łopatecki Zdjęcia wykorzystane w książce – zbiory Witolda Pawlaka Recenzenci: dr hab. Sławomir Presnarowicz, prof. UwB prof. dr hab. Aleksander Smoliński Zabrze – Tarnowskie Góry 2019 PRZEDMOWA Norman Davies 9 WSTĘP Karol Łopatecki 11 Felicjan Pawlak Z OFLAGU DO TOBRUKU I W NIEZNANE. DIARIUSZ 1939-1943 42 Rozdział I WOJNA OBRONNA (17 IX 1939 – 5 X 1939) 43 Rozdział II NIEWOLA I POBYT W OFLAGU II B ARNSWALDE (6 X 1939 – 5 II 1940) 53 Rozdział III PRÓBA UCIECZKI I PRZEWIEZIENIE DO OFLAGU VIII B SIL- BERBERG (6 II 1940 – 4 V 1940) 78 Rozdział IV UCIECZKA KU WOLNOŚCI (5 V 1940 – 31 V 1940) 91 Rozdział V BUDAPESZT I OBÓZ W LENTI (1 VI 1940 – 17 VI 1940) 122 Rozdział VI W DRODZE NA BLISKI WSCHÓD (18 VI 1940 – 18 VIII 1940) 135 Rozdział VII W SAMODZIELNEJ BRYGADZIE STRZELCÓW KARPACKICH (19 VIII 1940 – 6 I 1941) 157 Rozdział VIII OBRONA TOBRUKU (17 VIII 1941 – 9 XII 1941) 213 Rozdział IX BITWA POD GAZALĄ (10 XII 1941 – 29 XII 1941) 245 Rozdział X
    [Show full text]
  • Bartosz Wróblewski1 Systemic Transformations in Jordan in 1951
    Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego -----ISSN 2082-1212----- DOI 10.15804/ppk.2020.06.41 -----No. 6 (58)/2020----- Bartosz Wróblewski1 Systemic Transformations in Jordan in 1951– 1957 – Unsuccessful Democracy Keywords: Jordan, the Hashemite, liberalization, Chamber of Deputies, parliament Słowa kluczowe: Jordania, Haszymidzi, liberalizacja, Izba Deputowanych, parlament Abstract The following text discusses the first attempt to transform the authoritarian Jordan mon- archy into a constitutional monarchy, in which the parliament chosen by the people was supposed, apart from the king, to serve the role of a real supervisor of the state. Such an attempt was made in 1951–1957. It ended up in a failure and, in fact, the return of the au- thoritarian methods of exercising the power. This failure resulted both from the specific circumstances of the contemporary Middle East, as well as certain permanent features of Arabic societies. Thus, it is important to trace back these events to show both the at- tempt at reforms, as well as the causes of the failure. The following text makes use first and foremost of English language resources con- cerning the history of Jordan. Also, the archive documents collected in the National Ar- chives were used, especially the ones that refer to the correspondence between the au- thorities in London and the British embassy in Amman. To understand the issue, it will be necessary to go back beyond the year 1951 and to present in brief the very process of how the Hashemite monarchy came into existence. 1 ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4436-8221, Assoc. Prof., Department of International Rela- tions and Human Rights, Institute of Political Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Rzeszow.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacies of the Anglo-Hashemite Relationship in Jordan
    Legacies of the Anglo-Hashemite Relationship in Jordan: How this symbiotic alliance established the legitimacy and political longevity of the regime in the process of state-formation, 1914-1946 An Honors Thesis for the Department of Middle Eastern Studies Julie Murray Tufts University, 2018 Acknowledgements The writing of this thesis was not a unilateral effort, and I would be remiss not to acknowledge those who have helped me along the way. First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Thomas Abowd, for his encouragement of my academic curiosity this past year, and for all his help in first, making this project a reality, and second, shaping it into (what I hope is) a coherent and meaningful project. His class provided me with a new lens through which to examine political history, and gave me with the impetus to start this paper. I must also acknowledge the role my abroad experience played in shaping this thesis. It was a research project conducted with CET that sparked my interest in political stability in Jordan, so thank you to Ines and Dr. Saif, and of course, my classmates, Lensa, Matthew, and Jackie, for first empowering me to explore this topic. I would also like to thank my parents and my brother, Jonathan, for their continuous support. I feel so lucky to have such a caring family that has given me the opportunity to pursue my passions. Finally, a shout-out to the gals that have been my emotional bedrock and inspiration through this process: Annie, Maya, Miranda, Rachel – I love y’all; thanks for listening to me rant about this all year.
    [Show full text]