TECHNICAL GRADE PESTICIDES MANUFACTURING UNIT by M/S BHARAT PRODUCTS LIMITED
Content
1. Introduction 3 1.1. Details of the study area 4 1.2. Details of Ecological and Biodiversity Study 5 1.3. Principles of Wildlife Conservation 9 1.4. Decline of Wildlife 10 2. Conservation Plan of Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) 11 2.1. Taxonomy of Peafowl 11 2.2. General description 11 2.3. Morphology 11 2.4. Habitat 12 2.5. Physical Characteristics 12 2.6. Behaviour 12 2.7. Food Habit 13 2.8. Conservation and relationship with man 13 2.9. Conservation measures for fauna with respect to project proponent 13 2.10. Conservation measures for fauna with respect to project proponent 14
3. Project Budget 14
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1. Introduction The Proposed project is “Technical Grade Pesticides Manufacturing Unit” will be located at Killa no. 12 KA 3/1, 3/2, 8/2 Industrial Sector-29, Village Joshi Jat Tehsil Rai Distt. Sonipat, Haryana-131021. The proposed unit will be manufacturing 6480 TPA of Technical Grade Pesticides- 3360 TPA (Herbicides- 1200 TPA, Fungicides- 420 TPA, Insecticides- 1200 TPA, Other pesticides- 540 TPA) & Pesticide Intermediates- 3120 TPA. The estimated cost of the project for the proposed new manufacturing project is estimated around Rs. 20 crores.
2006. Hence, the above said project in MoEF&CC for grant of Terms of Reference. Accordingly, MoEF&CC has accorded standard Terms of Reference (TOR) for the proposed project vide TOR number. IA-J-11011/33/2019-IA-II(I) dated 02.03.2019.
Figure 1 Satellite Imagery
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Figure 2 Topographical map of 1.1. Details of the study area The proposed project is “Technical Grade Pesticides Unit” located at District Sonipat, Haryana. There is no Reserve or Protected forest falls in buffer area as most of the buffer is agriculture land or residential area. Total 13 water bodies fall in buffer zone, 1 L Minor (1.85 Km E), Rajpur Distributary (1.93 Km W), Harsana Distributary (3.82 Km SW), Main Drain No. 6 (4.50 Km W), East Juan Drain (5.10 Km SW), Drain No.8 (6.56 Km S), Nahri Major Distributary (8.56 Km SSW), Rohat Drain (9.43 Km SWW), Yamuna River (9.68 Km NE), Western Yamuna Canal(Delhi Branch) (10.71 Km SW), Fatehpur Distributary (10.77 Km SW), Kakroi Distributary (10.80 Km SWW) and Mandaura Drain (13.29 Km SW).
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1.2. Details of Ecological and Biodiversity Study The study of Ecology and Biodiversity of the Technical Grade Pesticide Unit Manufacturing Unit has been done for the core and buffer area. The present status of the ecology has been determined by study of secondary data sources such as publications of Zoological Survey of India, renowned authors, etc., study of maps and satellite images and visit to project site. From details survey of the projects only one schedule I species Pavo cristatus (Indian Peafowl) found in Project buffer zone. The detailed buffer zone species of Flora and Fauna and the core zone species are given below: List of Trees S. No. Botanical Name Common Name 1. Acacia arabica Babool 2. Acacia catechu Khair 3. Aegle marmelos Bael 4. Albizia lebbeck Siris tree 5. Alstonia scholaris Chitwan 6. Artocarpus heterophyllus Kathal 7. Azadirachta indica Neem 8. Bombax ceiba Semal 9. Butea monosperma Flame of the forest 10. Butia capitata Butia Palm 11. Callistemon lanceolatus Bottle brush 12. Cassia fistula Amaltas 13. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham 14. Delonix regia Gulmohar 15. Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu 16. Eucalyptus globulus Safeda 17. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Tree 18. Ficus infectoria Pakad 19. Ficus religiosa Peepal 20. Ficus racemosa Gular 21. Lagerstroemia speciosa Jarul 22. Mangifera indica Aam 23. Mimusops elengi Mahua 24. Moringa pterygosperma Drumstick 25. Morus alba White mulberry 26. Polyalthia longifolia Pseudo Ashok 27. Pongamia pinnata Karanj 28. Psidium guajava Amrud 29. Pterocarpus indicus Narra 30. Pterospermum acerifolium Kanak champa 31. Schleichera oleosa Kusum 32. Syzygium cumini Jamun 33. Tamarindus indica Tamarind
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34. Tectona grandis Sagwan 35. Terminalia arjuna Arjun 36. Ziziphus jujube Ber
List of Shrubs and herbs
S.NO. Botanical Name Common name
1 Bellis perennis Guldavri
2 Borassus flabellifer Wine Palm
3 Bougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea
4 Butia capitata Butia Palm
5 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock flower
6 Calotropis gigantea Safed aak
7 Canna indica Indian shot
8 Cassia biflora Cassia
9 Cestrum nocturnum Raatrani
10 Chlorophytum comosum Spider plant
11 Chrysanthemum morifolium Chrysanths
12 Combretum indicum Rangoon creeper
13 Cycas revoluta Sago palm
14 Cynodon dactylon Doob Grass
15 Dahlia hortensis Dahlia
16 Datura stramonium Dhatura
17 Dracaena plants Dracaena
18 Dypsis lutescens Areca palm
19 Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia
20 Gardenia jasminoides Cape jasmine
21 Hamelia patens Firebush
22 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Gudhal
23 Hippeastrum reginae Amaryllis
24 Hydrangea macrophylla French hydrangea
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25 Juniperus chinensis Chinese Juniper 26 Mussaenda philippica Queen Siricket
27 Nerium indicum Kaner
28 Ocimum basilicum Basil
29 Phoenix Palm Date palm
30 Plumeria rubra Frangipani
31 Rhapis excelsa Lady palm
32 Roystonea regia Royal Palm
33 Salvia splendens Scarlet sage
34 Sansevieia trifasciata Snake Plant
35 Schefflera arboricola Dwarf umbrella tree
36 Spathiphyllum spp. Peace lily
37 Thevetia peruviana Kaner
38 Thuja occidentalis Arborvitae
List of Fauna in the buffer zone: Type Common Name Scientific Name Schedule
Amphibian:
1 Common Toad Bufo bufo IV
2 Frog Rana tigrina IV
Reptiles:
3 Oriental garden lizard Calotes versicolor IV
4 House lizards Hemidactylus frenatus -
5 Indian Skink Sphenomorphus indicus -
6 Chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus -
7 Indian Cobra Naja naja II
Mammals:
8 Five striped palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti IV
9 Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II
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10 Dog Canis lupus familiaris -
11 Cow Bos taurus -
12 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii II
13 Bat Pteropodidae V
14 Rat Rattus -
15 Langoor Presbytis entellus II
16 Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis IV
Aves:
17 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus IV
18 Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV
19 Crow Corvus splendens V
20 Jungle babbler Turdoides striata IV
21 Baya Ploceus philippinus IV
22 Crow Corvus splendens V
23 Parrot Psittacula krameri IV
24 Pigeon Columba livia IV
25 Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus IV
26 Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV
27 Maina Acridotheres tristis IV
28 Woodpecker Dendrocopos cathpharius IV
29 Peacock Pavo cristatus I
30 Black Partridge Francolinus francolinus II
31 Black Kite Milvus migrans IV
Insects: 32 Ant Formicidae -
33 Honey Bee Apis indica -
34 Spider Araneae -
35 Dragonfly Anisoptera -
36 Grasshopper Acridomorpha -
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ENDANGERED SPECIES There is only 1 schedule I species found in buffer zone namely Pavo cristatus (Indian Peafowl). Five schedules II species were also reported in the buffer zone namely Francolinus francolinus (Black Partridge), Herpestes edwardsii (Common Mongoose), Naja naja (Indian Cobra) and Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) Presbytis entellus (Langoor). 1.3. Principles of Wildlife Conservation Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the ecosystem and provides stability to different natural processes of nature like rainfall (transpiration from plant), changing of temperature (heat evolution by animals), the fertility of soil (making of manure by earthworm). The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGOs dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters like (landslides, increase in temperature above the optimum temperature, acid rain). Wildlife is part of nature which maintain equally distribution of food instead of over use of food by one human. Wildlife management is the application of scientific knowledge and technical skills to protect, conserve, limit, enhance, or create wildlife habitat. Wildlife management also includes implementing laws regulating the use, kinds, and amounts of wildlife, people can harvest. Laws that protect existing habitat are also wildlife management tools. 1.4. Decline of Wildlife Biological evolution on earth is associated with extinction of older species and descent of new species but the disappearance of species from the surface of the earth has speeded up 1000 to 10,000 times as compared to the natural disappearance, due to destructive activities of man. Important reasons for decline of wildlife are: • Habitat loss and degradation, along with behaviours like overhunting, • Hunting and poaching, • Man- animal conflict, • Pollution
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2. Conservation Plan of Peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
The Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) has been an integral part of the people of India and their culture for centuries. From religion and mythology to civilization and socio-culture, the Indian Peafowl occupies an important place in the lives of the people. In addition to this, the Indian Peafowl is well recognized for its ecological and aesthetic values, and hence aptly declared as the 'National Bird' of India in the year 1963. Since the early 1990s, there have been reports of increasing illegal trade in peafowl feathers, large-scale mortalities due to increased use of insecticides/pesticides in agricultural lands, poaching, and retaliatory killings by people due to alleged crop depredation by peafowl. Several peafowl strong hold areas in the country are now concerned about the current declining status. Peacock in schedule-I of the wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 is reported in the study area. 2.1. Taxonomy of Peafowl The taxonomic classification of Peafowl is Kingdom: Animalia; Phylum: Chordata; Class: Aves; Order: Galliformes; Family: Phasianidae; Sub family: Phasianinae; Genus: Pavo; species: cristatus. 2.2. General description Peacock or Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a familiar and universally known large pheasant. It is the National bird of India. The term “Peacock” is commonly used to refer to birds of both sexes. Technically, males are Peacock, females are peahens and together they are called peafowl. The male has a spectacular glossy green long tail feathers that may be more than 60 percent of the birds’ total body length. These feathers have blue, golden green and copper coloured ocelli (eyes). The long tail feathers are used for mating rituals like courtship displays. The feathers are arched into a magnificent shape across the back of the bird and almost touching on both sides. Females do not have these graceful tail feathers. They have the fan like crest with whitish face and throat, chestnut brown crown and hind neck, metallic green upper breast and mantle, white belly and brown back rump and tail. Their primaries are dark brown. 2.3. Morphology
Scientific Name Pavo cristatus Type Bird Diet Omnivore Size (L) 86 cm-107 cm (34 in- 42 in) Wing span 120 cm-300 cm (47 in-118 in) Weight 2.7 kg-6 kg (6 lbs-13.2 lbs) Top speed 16 km/h (10 mph) Life span 12-20 years Lifestyle Solitary
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Conservation Status Schedule I (As per Wildlife Protection act, 1972) Skin type Feathers Average clutch size 6 Main Prey Grains, Seeds, Insects Predators Dogs, Tigers, Wild Cats, Raccoon Distinctive features Long tail feathers and Colorful tail of Males 2.4. Habitat In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams tall trees for roosting. Size for the male tail feathers, its coloration and numbers of eyes determine the don menace of the male in peacock hierarchy. The females are believed to be attracted towards the male with the longest and most colorful tail feathers. 2.5. Physical Characteristics The male Indian Peafowl, commonly known as the peacock, is one of the most recognizable birds in the world. The brightly colored Indian peacock birds have a distinctive crest and an unmistaken able ornamental train. The train (1.4-1.6 meters in length) accounts for more than 60% of their total body length (2.3 meters). Combined with a large wingspan (1.4-1.6 meters), this train makes the male peafowl one of the largest flying birds in the world. The train is formed by 100-150 highly specialized upper tail coverts. Each of these feathers sports an eyespot, and has long disintegrated barbs, giving the feathers a loose, fluffy look. When displaying to a female, the peacock bird erects this train into a spectacular fan, presenting the ocelli to their best advantage. Size of the male tail feathers, its coloration and numbers of eyes presents determine the dominance of the male in peacock hierarchy. The females are believed to be attracted towards the male with the longest and most colorful tail feathers (Kushwaha & Kumar, 2016). Body length Male 110-230 cm, Female: 85 cm Weight 2750-6000 gm Habitat In the undergrowth in deciduous forests near streams and neighborhoods of villages and cultivated country and tall trees for roosting.
2.6. Behaviour Peafowl are gregarious by nature. In the breeding season they are usually seen in small parties of one male three to five females whereas in the non-breeding season they remain in separate parties of adult males and females with juveniles. Peacock roost in tall trees and emerge from the dense thickets to feed in fields and opening in forest fields. Call: Kee-ow, Kee-ow, Ka-an, Ka-an, Ka-an, Kok-kok, Kok-Kok, cain-kok, may-yow calls at dusk and dawn, also loud nasal calls and cackles, very noisy during the rains, when breeding. Nesting: On tall trees.
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Breeding: Peak season in southern India is April to May and June in Northern India. Other habits: Male sheds its colorful tail feathers during winters which grow again till autumn. 2.7. Food Habit Peacock are ground feeders. Indian peafowls do most of their foraging early in the morning and shortly before sunset. They retreat to the shade and security of the trees for the hottest portion of the day. They make a meal of grains, drupes of wild and cultivated crops. They can also eat insects, small reptiles and small mammals. 2.8. Conservation and relationship with man The great beauty and popularity of the Indian Peafowl has ensured its protection throughout most of its native ranges. It enjoys the grace of the National Bird of India. The peafowl is prominent in the mythology and folklore of the Indian people. The hindus consider the bird to be sacred because of its association with Lord Krishna, who used to wear its feather as crown (Mor Mukut). It is also associated with the God Kartikey, son of the Lord Shiva and Parvati and brother of Lord Ganesha. It is “Vaahan” (transport) of Lord Kartikeya. This long and close association with humans has proven the Peafowl’s adaptability to human altered landscapes. In villages where it is protected, it becomes quite tame, but is very shy and secretive where hunted. Peacock is generally protected by the local people. 2.9. Conservation measures for fauna with respect to project proponent I. Protection and development of habitat: a. Small earthen material lined water tanks will be created in the Core-zone Green area as well as select areas in the Buffer Zone to make sure availability of clean drinking water to the species. The availability of clean water will ensure a permanent stay of species in these areas. b. Awareness strategy: It will be ensured through regular awareness programs and through publicity by way of signage, posters, bill distributions, public meetings, announcements, student’s awareness sessions etc. with the help of forest department. i. Litter burning will be discouraged strictly. Litter burning practices destroy feeding material and removes the cover and nesting materials necessary for shelter and protection from predators. ii. Dogs movement in the proposed project area will be controlled. Dogs have a detrimental effect on peafowl’s nesting and roaming behaviour. Dogs also lead to hardening the soil by decreasing the vegetation of the area through continuous roaming and sitting at the same place, thereby making a search for food more difficult for the species.
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2.10. Conservation measures for fauna with respect to project proponent a) Small earthen material lined water tanks will be created in the Core-zone Green area as well as select areas in the Buffer Zone to make sure availability of clean drinking water to the species. The availability of clean water will ensure a permanent stay of species in these areas. b) awareness program: It will be ensured through regular awareness programs and through publicity by way of signages, posters, bill distributions, public meetings, announcements, student’s awareness sessions etc. c) Litter burning will be discouraged strictly. Litter burning practices destroy feeding material and removes the cover and nesting materials necessary for shelter and protection from predators. d) Dogs movement in the proposed project area will be controlled. Dogs have a detrimental effect on peafowl’s nesting and roaming behaviour. Dogs also lead to hardening the soil by decreasing the vegetation of the area through continuous roaming and sitting at the same place, thereby making a search for food more difficult for the species.
3. Project Budget The Proponent has proposed a sum of Rs 1 Lacs for mitigation measures for migratory species. The estimate is prepared in consideration that the buffer zone is agricultural land and conservation plan is prepared for Indian Peafowl as it can be seen in the buffer zone in search of food grain and water.
S. No. Component Provision in Lacs Awareness generation like in schools, setting up of interpretation zones, etc. and construction of Khelis/ Water 1 1 Lacs Holes in the surroundings buffer area and regular filling of water
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