1. PROTECTED AREAS AND NOTIFIED FORESTS

India is one of the 17 mega diverse countries of the world. With only 2.4% of the world’s land area, 16.7% of the world’s human population and 18% livestock, it contributes about 8% of the known global biodiversity.

A network of 668 Protected Areas (PAs) has been established, extending over 1,61,221.57 sq. kms. (4.90% of total geographic area), comprising 102 National Parks, 515 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 47 Conservation Reserves and 4 Community Reserves. UNESCO has designated 5 Protected Areas as World Heritage Sites.

Mizoram has 2 national parks and 8 wildlife sanctuaries comprising total 1240.75 sq km area i. e. 5.9% of states total geographical area. The name of the national parks are (i) Murien (ii) and wildlife sanctuaries are (i) Dampa (tiger reserve), (ii) Khwnglung, (iii) Lengteng (iv) Ngengpui, (v) Pualreng (vi) Tawi (vii) Thorangtlang (viii) Tokalo. The state has no biodiversity reserve. (Source: Protected Area Network in , MoEF&CC).

Mizoram has the third highest total forest cover with 1,594,000 hectares (3,940,000 acres), and highest percentage area (90.68%) covered by forests, among the states of India, according to 2011 Forest Survey of India.[9]Tropical Semi Evergreen, Tropical Moist Deciduous, Subtropical Broadleaved Hill and Subtropical Pine Forests are the common vegetation types found in Mizoram. Bamboo is common in the state, typically intermixed with other forest vegetation; about 9,245 km2 (44%) of state's area is bamboo bearing. The state and central governments of India have cooperated to reserve and protect 67% of the land covered by forests, and additional 15% by management. Only 17% of the land is non-forested area for cultivation, industry, mining, housing and other commercial human activity. Satellite data suggests 91% of state's geographical area is covered by forests.[9]

Jhum cultivation, or slash-and-burn practice, were a historic tradition in Mizoram and a threat to its forest cover. Mizoram is host to numerous species of birds, wildlife and flora. About 640 species of birds have been identified in the state, many of which are endemic to Himalayan foothills and . Of the birds found in Mizoram forests, 27 are on worldwide threatened species list and 8 are on critically endangered list.

In addition to that, has made preliminary notification ( No B 12012/22/2013- FST/53) in the Mizoram Gazette on 06.02.2015 for Saikhawthir Wildlife Sanctuary of 94 square kilometre. The proposed area is sandwiched between R Tuichawng lui and R. Sekulh under Tuithmhnar Forest Range and Chawngte Forest Range under Lai Autonomous District Council.

LADC RF16 & Thichawng RRF exist on the west whereas the Ngenpui RF, Chhimtuipui RRF & Ngenpui wildlife sanctuary exist on the eastern side within 2-3 km radius downhill of the project road (As per forest correspondence letter). Village wise forest land falling within the study area are given in Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference source not found..

2. NGENPUI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Location, Extent & Boundaries Ngengpui is located in a geographical coordinate of 22°21’18”– 22°30’01”N and 92°44’30” – 92°50’37”E, It is close to Indo-Myammar & Indo Bangladesh border. It is under District and under Lawngtlai Rural development Block within Lai Autonomous District Council. Administrative headquarter of the Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary is at Lawngtlai under the name of Chhimtuipui Wildlife Division. It covers an area of about 110 Sq. km. The Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary ranges in altitude from 200 m to about 1200 m above sea level. The sanctuary is surrounded by seven villages. It is managed by Range Officer with headquarter Ngengpui, and 5 Beat Officers under the control of DFO Chhimtuipui Forest Division

Biogeographic Classification

Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary falls in North East Zone as per Biogeographic Zone and 8B-North East Hills as per the Biotic Province Zoning map of India (Source: http://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/HtmlPages/ biozonemap.htm).

The Forest Types

The forests area falling in the Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary are of Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests type (1B/C3) as per Champion and Seth classified. Importance of Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary: Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctaury is very rich in Biodiversity. The Forest type reported are Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest and Semi-evergreen Forest. Varieties of Dipterocarpus, Terminalia, Mechelia champaca, Phoebe species, Schima wallichii, Duabanga species, Amoora mixed with bamboo like Bambusa tulda, Dendrocalamus sikimensis, Schizostachyum capittum, Schizotachyum dulloc gamble, Dinochloa compectiflorus and at the lower altitude, Dendrocalmus hamiltoni. Among the fauna reported are large herbivores like Elephant and Gaur which are permanent dwellers and no migration has been reported. In fact, it is the last habitat where Elephants are roaming free in wildlife sanctuary boundary. Serow, Sambar, Barking deer, Leopard, Clouded leopard, Marble cat, Golden cat, Leopard cat, and many small carnivores are reported. Primate diversity is also good in this area like Hoolock gibbon, Phayre’s monkey, Pig tailed and Stump tailed macaques. Two types of Bear like Himalayan black bear and Malayan sun bears are also reported in the core area of the Ngengpui WLS forest. It also hosts Hume pheasant, Great hornbill, Pied hornbill, various Pigeon etc. Ngengpui WLS also carries a number of medicinal of which the rare species like Raulfia serpentine, Bargenia ciliate, Ardisia macrocarpa, Cautraya gracillis, Gardenis caronania, Rajanda longifolia, Zingiber purphorium. A wide range of Orchid are also found in the area viz Oberonia iridifolia, Vanda coevules, Thuria alba, Paphiopedilum villosum, Liparis longripes. Ngengpui WLS is one of the important bird area (IBAs) in India from the A1 (Globally threatened species) and A2 (Restricted range species).

Vegetation: The sanctuary comprises of three type of forest strata i.e top canopy which are tall and gigantic evergreen , understory (upto 15mts tall trees) and undergrowth or ground cover

There are three types on the basis of height which can be classified as –

Top canopy - Dipterocarpus turbinatus Thingsen Michelia champaca Ngiau Terminalia mariocarpa Char Chukrasia tabulasis Zawngtei Toona cilia Teipui Duabanga serasoides Zuang, Acrocarpus fraxinifolias Nganbawm Actinodaphne obovata Pakhat Albizzia chinensis Vang Albizzia ordoratissima Thingri Albizzia procera Kangtek Alphonse aventricosa Zawngbalhla Anogeissus acuminate Zairum Antocephalus chinensis Banphar Aporusa octandra Chhawntual Artocarpus chama Tatkawng Artocarpu snitidus,sp.griffithii Tatte Beilschmiedia gammieana Khuanghlang Bischofia javanica Khuangthli Bombax ceiba Phunchawng Bombax insigne Pang Canarium bengalensis Berawchal Careya laciniosa Hnumhreuh Castanopsis indica Sehawr Castanopsis tribuloides Thingsia Cinnamomum glanduliferum Khiangzo Derris robusta Thingkha Drymycarpus racemosus Vawmbal Duabanga grandifolia Zuang Dysoxylum gobara Thingthupui Elaeocarpus aristatus Theikelek Engelhardia spicata Hnum Ficus religiosa Hmawng Ficus semicordata Theipui Garcinia sopsopia Vawmva Garuga floribunda var gamble Tuairam Garuga pinnata Bungbutuairam Gmelina orborea Thlanvawng Helicia excelsa Sialhma Hydnocarpus kurzi ,Khawitur Kadsura heteroclite Theiarbawm Kydia calycina Thalteh Lagerstroemia speciosa Chawnpui Lithocarpus dealbata Fah Macaranga indica Hnahkhar Macropanax dispermus Phuanberh Mangefera sylvatica Haifavang ferrea Herhse Michelia oblonga Ngiau (Hnahsin) Mitragyna diversifolia Pualeng Morus macroura Lungli Myrica esculenta Keifang Olea salicifolia Thingthiang Ostodes paniculata Beltur Palaquium polyanthum Hnaibung Phoebia attenuate Bulbawr Phoebia lanceolata Bulfek Protium serratum Bil Prunus nepalensis Lumlerh Prunus undulate Theiarlung Pterospermum acerifolium Siksil Rhus succedana Chhimhruk Sapindus mukorosii Hlingsi Sapium baccatum Thingvawkpui Schima wallichii Khiang Sterculia villosa Khaupui, claviforum Lenhmui(hnahsin), Syzygium cumini Lenhmui, Trema orientalis Bephuar, Wightia speciosissima Chawngtlai.

Ground Cover - the ground cover vegetation reported in the WLS area are Achyranthes bidentata, Arisaema speciosum, Begonia dioica, Bidens biternata, Cassia tora, Eryngium foetidum, Fogopyrum cymosum, Justicia adhatoda, Leea indica, Lepionurus sylvestris, Mikania micrantha, Mimosa pudica, Osbeckian chinensis, Phrynium capitatum, Premna coriacea, Rubus ellipticus, Sarcococca coriacea, Schefflera venulosa, Seigesbeckia orientalis, Solanum nigrum, Solanum torvum, Solanum viarum, Stellaia media, etc.

Bamboo Species - The species of bamboo reported in the WLS area are Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Nees & Arn) – Phulrua, Dendrocalamus longispathus (Kurz) – Rawnal, Schizostachyum polymorphum (Munro) Majumdar – Chal, Dinochulua compectiflorus -Sairil, Melocanna bacciferra Mau, etc. these species are commonly reported all over the Mizoram states.

Canes & Palms - Arenga pinnata Thangtung, Calamus acanthospathus Mitperh, Calamus andamanicus Mawt, Calamus erectus Hruipui, Calamus tenuis Thilte, Licuala peltata Laisua/siallu, etc.

Importance of Ngengpui WLS as conservation reserve for Fauna:

Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary is a home to avifauna like Peacock pheasant, Bamboo partridge, Black patridge, Hill patridge, Rufous necked hornbill, Great horn bill, Wreath Horn bill, etc.

As Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary is the only and last stronghold of Elephant population in the state, conservation importance has to be put on. It is estimated at the moment, there are 11 Elephants including infants are present in the sanctuary which are roaming one herd at the northern and other at the south. Primates, Carnivors and lesser Carnivors and Ungulates are also holding the important thrust area for conservation. There are various bearing trees inside the PA which provides food and shelter for all communities. Primates found in the area are Hollock gibbon, Rhesus macaque, Asamese macaque, Pig tailed macaque, Phayres’ leaf monkey, Capped langur, Slow loris. Of these Hoolock gibbon, and Phayres leaf monkey are globally threatened species and need special safe guard. Ungulates like Gaur/ Bison, Serow, Samber, Barking deer, Wild boar are found in the area. Carnivors like Leopard, Clouded leopard, Jungle cat, Jackal, Himalayan black bear, Malayan sun bear etc. are also found and Tiger is an occasional visitor of the PA. Conservation of Avifauna, Primates, Carnivors and Ungulates is the key issue. The primary forest patches should be given full protection from forest fire and improved by planting fruit bearing species. In the meatime, lack of grassland is also an important point which shall be created wherever opened in the undulating area.

While conserving the existing woodland which forms about 70% of the core area, the gaps in the PA due to bamboo flowering during 2007-08 area will be improved by creating grassland to enrich food sustenance for angulate animals. In the degraded area of the adjoining fringe villages MFP and fuel wood species will be raised to reduce the biotic pressure. Key Issues: The Ungulates often venture out of the protect area especially after monsoon during September to October and fall victim to man-animal conflict. They are caught and killed with fire arms trap etc. The ungulates are followed by carnivores that tend to lift cattle along with their natural food. Therefore the carnivores earn the ire of the villagers and become threatened. (source: Ngengpui WLS Management Plan – 2010 to 2020.

Fauna Reported in The Ngengpui Widlife Sanctuary.

Due to its strategic location, Mizoram has a diverse species of mammals inhabiting all parts of the state. Of the 300 odd species of mammals recorded in India and to the wildest guesstimate of the author, Mizoram must harbour as much as 100 odd species (though ZSI has documented as 84). Habitat for Fauna: Conservation Importance Primates: 8 species of primates are reported in Mizoram. Among these species except Rhesus Macaque all the other 7 species are endemic to the region. Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary is aboard of 6 primates. The species area Bunopithecus hoolock, Macaca mulata, Macaca assamensis, Macaca leonine, Trachypithecus phayrei, Nycticebus bengalensis. Carnivores: Of the five big cats in India, Mizoram alone have 3 of them sans Asiatic Lion and Snow leopard. Ngengpui WLS is having two, Leopard and Clouded leopard. Out of the 11 smaller cats, Mizoram harbours as many as 5 species, of which Golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) and Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) are endemic to this region and are extremely rare. Lesser Carnivores: Out of 32 species available in India, Mizoram must have around 15 -18 species. The species reported are Melogale moschata, Melogale personata, Arctonts collaris, Lutra lutra, Amblonyx cinereus, Martes flavigula, Viverra zibetha, Viverricula indica, Paradoxurus hermophroditus, Paguma larvata, Prionodon pardicolor, Arctictis binturong, Herpestes urva and Mustela kathiah. Canids: Of the 4 species occurred in India Mizoram have only two species. They are Cuon alpinus and Canis aureus. Ursids: Out of 4 species found in India, Mizoram have 2 species. They are Ursus thibetanus and Helarctos malayanus . Herbivors: 5 Species of herbivorous are reported in the WLS area. These are Elephant (Elephas maximus), Indian Bison (Bos gaurus), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis ), Wild Pig/Boar (Sus scrofa). Other - Hystrix brachyura (Himalayan crestless porcupine-sakuh), Atherurus macrourus (Brush tailed porcupine – Kuhsi), Manis pentadactyla (Chinese Pangolin Saphu), Malayan Giant Squirrel (Awrrang). Avifauna: The WLS is adobe for large number of avifauna. Majority of these are resident and migration are diurnal type in search of food. Few species are reported during winter season as migrant due to fall in temperature and snow cover of Himalayan Mountain.

To conform that the PROW of Package –II, does not passes through Ngengpui WLS boundary, joint field inspection of the nearest point ( Diltlang to Bungtlang ‘S’ ) road was carried out on 7th January, 2015 along with the range officer, Ngengpui Range, other field staff, Village Council Authority of Diltlang and Hmunnuam. Based on the joint inspection it was confirmed by Dy. Conservator of Forest Chhimtuipui Wildlife Division that the Ngengpui WLS boundary is 2-3 km downhill side with the steep slope from the existing BRTF road.

Subsequent consultation with the DCF (WL), Ngenpui Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) revealed that boundary of the Ngenpui WLS does not intersect with the existing road. PPC Team conducted joint inspection on 14.04.2016 with the representatives of the Ngenpui WLS Office, where it revealed that boundary of WLs is more than 1 km away from chainage km 33+500 (E473703, N2481233), to km 34+600 (E473690, N2480593) and 1 km away from km 39+000 (E474812, N2476964) to km 39+500 (E474867, N2476509).

The alignment of the PROW was overlapped on the printed map having Ngenpui Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) boundary by the GIS lab of the PCCF’s office and it was further conformed that the boundary does not intersect with PROW. The letter from Dy. Conservator of Forest, Chhimtuipui Wildlife Division to The Chief Wildlife Warden, Mizoram through wide letter No. B15013/7/2010 – FDC (LT)/374 Dated Lawngtlai, the 8th January, 2015. The letter is enclosed as Appendix 5.4. Wildlife Corridor Issues: To conform the presence of wildlife corridor passing though the PROW detailed consultation were carried out with Deputy Conservator of Forest (WL), Ngenpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Ngengpui Range, other field staff of forest department dated 7th January 2015, and 14.04.2016 during conformation for wildlife sanctuary Boundary. The Divisional Forest Officer, Forest Division also conforms the absence of migratory route of the wildlife along the proposed project to the Principal Chief Conservator of forests, Mizoram through Vide letter No.B.14016/1/2010-DFO (L)/23 dated Lunglei, the 18th September, 2015. The letter is enclosed as Appendix 5.4A Village Council Authority and Village level biodiversity consultation was carried out village wise to conform the presence wild animals and their movement corridor dated 1.12.2015 to 4.12.2015; no movement corridor for wildlife was reported by the villagers. Final Public Disclosure was carried after submission of draft report to PWD, a summary of EA was circulated in Miso Language to all the VCP and villagers. Separate Social and Environmental Consultation were carried out from 04-02-2017 to 08-02-2017. Absence of endangered, rare, migration was confirmed by the villagers.

3. IMPACT ON CRITICAL NATURAL HABITATS

The critical natural habitats reported in the project area are Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary towards the East of PROW and LADC Reserve Forest towards the West of PROW.

As per the joint inspection carried out by DFOs, Ranger and office of Chief Wild Life Warden (CWLW) it has been conformed through vide letter No. D.21011/2/2014 – CWLW/pt. dated 17.12.2014 that the Ngenpui Wildlife Sanctuary exists on the eastern side within 2- 3 km radius downhill of the project road.

The PROW is same as the existing road, except at few points where curved and design improvement is required in the eco sensitive area that is from 31+300 km to 52+437 km. Both the side of PROW is protected area and animal listed under IUCN Red Data Book has been reported, impact are expected both during the construction and operation phase in search of food, mate and habitat.

Animal casualty are expected during construction phase when animals are crossing during the day and night time. It has also been reported many times that animals comes on the roads during the night time and light glares from vehicles district them leading to accidents. Animals are also attracted during the night time near labours camps in search of food. This leads to animal – Human Conflicts. These are more prominent during the rainy season, when animals moves near human settlement in search of food and hide out.

During the construction phase, the increase in human intervention due to construction work adjacent to Wildlife Sanctuary and Forest will act as natural barrier for the movement of wild animals. Even hunting and trapping of wild animals are expected for flesh and for keeping then at bay. It may happen that the workers enter the wildlife and forest area in search for fire woods as source for fuel, for collection of wild and seeds. Consumption of discarded food and plastic near labour camps will leads animal’s casualty.

Based on Species richness ratio of the study area as per respected Biodiversity Assessment report1, ensuing section provides the observed key ecological receptor and probable impact due to the project. The more species richness index indicates more no of variant species in that particular area.

Wildlife movement - The chainage between km 13+800 to km 15+300 has been identified as wildlife Movement area based on inputs received from villagers of the Mualbu village and ground trothing. Apart from that, around 11 km road section from km 18+060 to km 29+260 have reported as having wild life movement of significant species, Since many of them belong to critical endangered, Venerable category of IUCN. The species are mainly Cervus unicolor (VU), Ursus ursinus (VU), Manis pentadactyla (CR).

4. MITIGATION MEASURES About 124400 tress shall be planted for loss of 12440 trees. For each species of trees cut, about 10 times of same species of trees will be planted under compensatory afforestation (CA), by the forest department on land identified by MPWD. The CA shall be carried out for equivalent amount of loss of forest land, i. e. 6.798 ha. However, forest department shall check for suitability of such land. About 1440 trees existing on the edge of the proposed right of way at valley side shall be saved. Young trees will be uprooted and will be replanted in the identified area. ii. For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21-2009. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. iii. Clearance of vegetation shall not be done by burning along forested/thickly vegetated areas. iv. A supervisor should be appointed who will be handling the labours and monitoring their activity. He will address the labours gathering and make them aware not to enter the forest and wildlife area. He will also explain then that if they are caught in such area, they will be jailed under the wildlife protection Act -1972 for more than five years or under The Indian Forest Act -1927. The company will not be responsible and under taking should be taken from each labours involve in construction works.

v. Joint training should be held between the Forest Department and Labours to handle forest fire, if so happens. vi. The LPG gass should be provided in the labours camps for cooking of food, and for other domestic usage. No fire wood should be allowed inside the labours camps. vii. Watch Tower/watch guard should be hired to keep eyes on the labours, so as to prevent their entry in the WLS and forest area. viii. The Telephone/Mobile number for DFO, Ranger, and Forest Guard should be with the supervisor or should be written on notice boards, so that if young’s of animals are reported or trapped, they are intimated to the concern officers. ix. No night time construction works or aerial lighting should be allowed. No uncontrolled blasting should be carried out, if required moderate type regulated blasting be done with the help of experts. x. If animal’s migration of movement are noticed, they should be allowed to do so without any intervention. xi. The labours should not discard any waste material of food items near the construction site, this will attract animals and consumption of plastic for can may leads to death. The contractor should take care that proper dustbins be provided near the construction site and are carried away to the labours camps in the evening. xii. The discarded food materials and households items should not be discarded in the low lying area or near the workers camps. No labours camps be allowed near forest and wildlife area. The minimum safety zone form the protected area and labours camps should be maintained, this will prevent easy access to these area by the labours on holidays. xiii. No D.G sets operation be allowed near the forest and wildlife are during the night time. The salient zone noise level standard be maintained during night. xiv. The safety zone of more than one km should be maintained for establishment of Hot mixed , Ready Mix Plant, staking yard and machinery storage area. xv. Construction works should be suspended during monsoon season on river banks, steams and natural drains and surface water bodies. The over burden should be removed before the onset of monsoon seasons. This will prevent runoff spoil soil, silt and other pollutants reaching river water.

Silt fencing has been proposed for installation and maintenance during construction phase of the project road at 11 locations of perennial rivers/steams. It will minimize direct run off from the construction area into surface water bodies.

The major impact on fauna are animal casualty (death) which happens during operation phase of the project. Animal had tendency to approach on the road during night time, when the light glare falls on their eyes, they stop on the roads and stand still. This leads to collision with vehicles approaching with fast speed. Even reptiles like snakes when on the roads, crawls very slowly due to smooth surface. The locations of animals underpass proposed along with dimensions are given in Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1. Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1: Locations of Animals Underpass along the PROW Sl.no. Chainage Type of animal underpass structre 1 16+580 Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 2 20+820 Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 3 21+120 Animal Passage Pipe @ 1.2m 4 27+340 Animal Passage Box @ 1X1.5m 5 32+540 Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 6 32+580 Animal Passage Pipe @ 1.2m 7 34+960 Animal Passage Box @ 1X1.5m 8 37+620 Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 9 38+960 Animal Passage Pipe @ 1.2m 10 40+960 Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 11 42+900 Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 12 47+420 Animal Passage Pipe @ 1.2m 13 50+180 Animal Passage Pipe @ 1.2m

Type of Structure Tot. No Animal Passage Box @2.4x2.4m 6 Animal Passage Box @ 1X1.5m 2 Animal Passage Pipe @ 1.2m 5

The Details of animals underpass location along the PROW is detailed in Appendix 8-2.

Safeguards Measures for Wildlife Sanctuary and Natural Habitats i. To prevent animal casualty during operation phase, care has to be taken by the MPWD in consultation with the wildlife official and DFO. One forest check post has to be erected on both the end of roads falling adjacent to Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary and LADC Reserve Forest. Forest guards or CCTV cameras has to be installed at both the end and in between to keep eye on the plying vehicles. ii. Sign Board 500 meters ahead of Ngengpui Wildlife Area and LADC Reserve forest has to be placed for traveller’s information. iii. No honk zone & speed limits of 30km/hr sign board has to be erected at every 500 meters on the roads falling near eco-sensitive area. iv. Sign board of animal’s movement zone and CCTV Surveillance zone has to be installed before the check posts and in between. v. The death of animals if happening has to be reported along with locations. If repetitive death are happening at the same location or area, then MPWD has to take some preventive measures like adding animal’s underpass or animal’s accident zone sign board with speeds breakers. vi. To minimize animals approach on the roads during night time, we are proposing animals crossing structure with rough base in addition to proposed culverts, minor and majors bridges. We have proposed 13 animal’s underpass structure in addition to 245 culverts, 4 minor bridges and 1 major bridges has been proposed. vii. For movement of arboreal mammals and reptiles Green tunnel has been proposed at selected locations.

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-1: Signage Board for Eco-Sensitive Area & Animal Crossing