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En El Pasado, El Estilo Bajiquan, Fue También Conocido Como “Bazi Quan

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En El Pasado, El Estilo Bajiquan, Fue También Conocido Como “Bazi Quan En el pasado, el estilo bajiquan, fue también conocido como “bazi quan” (El boxeo de Objetivos), “bazi quan” (Puño de los ocho jeroglíficos) y “bazi quan” (puño rastrillo). Durante la dinastía Qing, el bajiquan fue popular en el condado Cang de la provincia de Hebei y en los condados vecinos de Yanshan, Nanpi y Ninqjin. Baji Quan es conocido por su energía, vigor, simplicidad y duras técnicas del combate. El boxeo de los ocho extremos es simple y claro, consiste en técnicas cortas y potentes tanto en ataque como en defensa. Los codos se usan frecuentemente en direcciones sencillas y claros. Los golpes explosivos (fajing), son poderes generados a traves del cuerpo y se estimulan a través de la respiración, la cual se articula por dos sonidos de “Heng” y “Ha” proyectándolos contra el adversario y que nos aporta una fuerza mayor. En este estilo se dan poderosos golpes, usando los codos y hombros en el combate cuerpo a cuerpo y próximo al oponente. LA FILOSOFÍA EN EL BAJI Quan: Baji Quan es un estilo extremadamente práctico y su filosofía refleja este énfasis en el aspecto de la práctica. El nombre originario de este estilo fue traducido como “Puño de Rastrillo” para describir la forma de la mano durante la ejecución de la técnica que todo lo atrapa. El uso del nombre “ocho extremos” se refiere a la explicación más sofisticada de las bases en los aspectos básicos y esenciales del estilo para desarrollar las 8 direcciones. Baji es un término usado en el antiguo libro, “Huainanzi” (Libro del Principe de Huai Nan de Liu An c. 140 A.D). El libro asegura y sostiene que entre los Cielos y la Tierra hay nueve “Jio” (regiones) y ocho “Ji” (espacios); más allá de los ocho “Ji” hay ocho “Yan” (extensiones en la lejana distancia); más allá de los ocho “Yan” hay ocho “Hong” (anchura / o límites). Se decía que el Baji es algo que se extiende y expande hacia el infinito. Incluso, en el “Huainanzi”, se dice: “Hay grandes caminos que se extienden lejos, alcanzando los ocho límites”. Este concepto tamnbien hacia referencia a las 8 direcciones del Bagua. Este concepto se aplica por tanto a la práctica y entrenamiento de este estilo. Por ejemplo, la fuerza se usa mediante empujones explosivos hacia fuera en todas las direcciones. Desde la posición de caballo y posición de arco y flecha, el practicante de Baji quan adquiere ventaja tanto de la fuerza de la gravedad (重力) y torsión (旋力) para generar la fuerza o energía aplicada desde el Dantien “jing hundido” (沉坠劲) y del jing cruzado (十字劲). Se muestra que el poder o la energía generada del Baji proviene de todas las direcciones al mismo tiempo. Ejerciendo un poder especial el desarrollo de Chang Shi Jing. LA PRÁCTICA DE BAJI QUAN: El entrenamiento y practicas de Baji Quan se desarrolla en diferentes etapas, por las cuales se reforzara el organismo y adquirimos las habilidades especiales del estilo. Sin este entrenamiento especifico del estilo seria muy difícil adaptarse y completar su desarrollo: 1. Posiciones de entrenamiento. 2. Desplazamientos o pasos. 3. Formas. 4. Aplicaciones técnicas o marciales. 5. Formas de dos hombres. 6. Manejo de Armas. El Bajiquan intenta entrenar al practicante para que sea eficiente en el combate a cuerpo a cuerpo. La forma de entrenamiento duro y conciso, y los ejercicios de pasos desarrollan ataques continuos, firmes y rápidos. Los movimientos son lacónicos usando movimientos corporales como desarrollando los ejercicios de la seda, algunos cortos, otros largos, etc... que comienzan penetrantes y concisos, con frecuencia terminan con un codazo y al mismo tiempo conservando la estabilidad de la parte inferior del cuerpo, quiere decir, la postura, firme y arraigada como un poste. Cada una de las formas y aplicaciones están incorporadas a los siguientes conceptos: • Ai (hacer pasar la fuerza – empujando) • Bang (brazo inclinado) • Beng (derrumbar / desplomar) • Chuo (introducirse a la fuerza - empujar) • Chuankunjing (fuerza del giro envolvente y lazo) • Han (agitar / sacudir) • Ji (Presionar / golpear, empuje rápido de mano) • Jian (inclinarse o apoyarse sobre el adversario) • Kao (empujar con el hombro) • Gua (giro de cadera) para derrumbar. • Kwa (empujar usando el peso del cuerpo) • Tu (penetrar, atravesar, abrirse camino o paso) • Xi (golpear con la rodilla) • Zhou (golpear con el codo) • Zhuangkaojing (fuerza de empuje e inclinación) Además, también existen técnicas como; agarres, proyecciones, lucha cuerpo a cuerpo y técnicas de Chi Kung, por tanto se considera que el Bajiquan es un estilo muy completo. POSICIONES DE ENTRENAMIENTO: Las posiciones de Baji son bajas y anchas comparadas con las de Shaolin u otros estilos del norte. El entrenamiento estático se centra en cuatro posiciones básicas como son: la posición de caballo (马步 - mabu), la posición de arco y flecha (弓步- gongbu), la posición de medio caballo (半马步 - bamabu) y la postura de paso vacío (虚步- xubu). La posición de caballo es ligeramente más ancha para permitir un mayor movimiento al dar un puñetazo frontal. La posición de arco y flecha, es similar a la posición de Shaolin con un 60 por ciento del peso esta sobre la pierna adelantada pero la potencia (fuerza) surgiendo de la pierna atrasada, durante el cambio de la posición de caballo a la de arco y flecha. En la posición de medio caballo, la distribución del peso (60%) está cambiada a la pierna de atrás. El entrenamiento de las posiciones se centra principalmente y en el inicio de los entrenamientos en la distribución del peso y una adecuada posición y firmeza de la postura corporal, son en los entrenamiento posteriores los que incorporarán las técnicas de manos y sus potenciales aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, desde la posición de caballo el practicante puede ejecutar o practicar las diferentes técnicas de palma y codos. 取熊虎之形于神 以八极之意御气 La forma de caminar del Bajiquan puede ser descrito metafóricamente asi; “Moviéndose como un oso y con el espíritu del tigre”. TÉCNICA DE DESPLAZAMIENTOS : Durante la fase de entrenamiento de la forma de caminar o desplazarse sobre el terreno, el practicante aprende a como cambiar el centro de gravedad rápida y efectivamente de una postura a otra, mientras cubre la distancia y ejecuta una técnica. El paso del oso (熊步) requiere que el practicante camine lentamente en cuclillas. El peso del cuerpo deberá estar siempre sobre la pierna delantera. La columna vertebral deberá estar recta y la parte superior relajada de manera natural (los hombros) igual que el taiji quan. Esto es conocido como la postura del “Oso” porque al moverse para balancear las manos ligeramente, uno se mueve intentando imitar el movimiento de un oso. El movimiento puede incluso hacerse caminando en diagonal. El practicante se mueve de lado a lado pero mantiene la misma distribución del peso y la postura corporal como en la postura del oso. El brazo del Tigre (虎膀) requiere que el practicante ejecute un puñetazo con ambas manos estiradas al frente mientras golpean frontalmente. La técnica requiere que la potencia o fuerza, surja del giro de la cadera y del estiramiento de los hombros más que del brazo. Durante la práctica, ambos brazos deberán permanecer relajados y ligeramente flexionados en todo momento. Las técnicas de las posiciones adicionales requieren que el practicante haga cambios entre las posiciones básicas y las adicionales, mientras se mueve. Por ejemplo, desde la posición del oso a la posición de arco y flecha, mientras ejecutan un puñetazo o golpe de palma. LAS FORMAS: En la práctica de las diversas formas, la regla general es “mantener el cuerpo recto y usar la columna como un eje”. Cada forma incorpora movimientos que incluyen a los hombros, espalda, codos y pelvis. Todas combinaciones son cortas per ricas e intentan enseñar a los estudiantes comprender los principios del combate como: DA (golpear), SHUAI (proyectar), NA (agarrar o atrapar) y TUI (empujar). En el entrenamiento tradicional, las formas de Bajiquan son: • Liuzhoutou (“6 extremos del codo”). • Ji Gang Ba Shi (Los ocho movimientos dorados) siendo esta una rutina básica del estilo Wu Bajiquan. • Ba Ji Xiao Jia (Pequeña estructura o Forma corta de Baji) En esta forma se requiere que uno esté estable y firme en su postura, mientras entrena sus agarres y habilidades de ataque, forma esencial del estilo. • Da Ba Ji (Gran estructura o Forma larga de Baji). Esta forma entrena el trabajo de pies para que sean rápidos y fácilmente manejables. Mientras que al mismo tiempo el practicante aprende sobre como un paso firme y fuerte, puede incrementar la potencia de un movimiento drásticamente. Esto permitiría al practicante aprender a como concentrar la potencia de todo su cuerpo en una sola técnica. Los principales movimientos ofensivos usados en esta forma o rutina son predominantemente de lucha cuerpo a cuerpo y a corta distancia. • Baji dui liang jie: es una forma de lucha encadenada entre dos hombres la cual explica las aplicaciones de algunas de las técnicas del bajiquan en un combate real. • Liudake (“6 grandes aperturas”) Las 6 aperturas son; DING (empujar con el codo o la rodilla), BAO (abrazar), DAN (llevar el palo o la yunta), TI (sujetar), KUA (caminar sobre) y CHAN (giro envolvente). • Badaizhou (“8 grandes métodos”) Esta es una forma avanzada que contienen técnicas más especializadas pertenecientes a este estilo. • Ying shouquan (“Puño de las manos que responden”, contienen 48 grandes bloques y 64 métodos de manos). • Gonggong baji (“Entrenamiento de acero de bajiquan”). Especialmente dedicado a los entrenamientos fortalecimiento y de Qigong. • Baji shuanggui (“Los 2 senderos de bajiquan”). LAS FORMAS DE ARMAS: • Yezhan dao (“sable de lucha nocturna” ). • Ti liu piaoyao dao (“llevando el sable del sauce que se balancea”). • Liuhe daqiang (“gran lanza de seis coordinaciones”).
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