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On the Question of the Baroque Instrumental Concerto Typology
Musica Iagellonica 2012 ISSN 1233-9679 Piotr WILK (Kraków) On the question of the Baroque instrumental concerto typology A concerto was one of the most important genres of instrumental music in the Baroque period. The composers who contributed to the development of this musical genre have significantly influenced the shape of the orchestral tex- ture and created a model of the relationship between a soloist and an orchestra, which is still in use today. In terms of its form and style, the Baroque concerto is much more varied than a concerto in any other period in the music history. This diversity and ingenious approaches are causing many challenges that the researches of the genre are bound to face. In this article, I will attempt to re- view existing classifications of the Baroque concerto, and introduce my own typology, which I believe, will facilitate more accurate and clearer description of the content of historical sources. When thinking of the Baroque concerto today, usually three types of genre come to mind: solo concerto, concerto grosso and orchestral concerto. Such classification was first introduced by Manfred Bukofzer in his definitive monograph Music in the Baroque Era. 1 While agreeing with Arnold Schering’s pioneering typology where the author identifies solo concerto, concerto grosso and sinfonia-concerto in the Baroque, Bukofzer notes that the last term is mis- 1 M. Bukofzer, Music in the Baroque Era. From Monteverdi to Bach, New York 1947: 318– –319. 83 Piotr Wilk leading, and that for works where a soloist is not called for, the term ‘orchestral concerto’ should rather be used. -
Brief History of Electronic and Computer Musical Instruments
Brief History of Electronic and Computer Musical Instruments Roman Kogan April 15th, 2008 1 Theremin: the birth of electronic music It is impossible to speak of electronic music and not speak of Theremin (remember that high-pitch melody sound sound in Good Vibrations ?) Theremin was the instrument that has started it all. Invented remarkably early - around 1917 - in Russia by Leon Termen (or Theremin, spelling varies) it was the first practical (and portable) electronic music instrument, and also the one that brought the electronic sound to the masses (see [27]). It was preceded by Thelarmonium, a multi-ton monstrocity that never really get a lot of attention (although technically very innovative, see [25]), and some other instruments that fell into obscurity. On the other hand, Leon Theremin got popular well beyond the Soviet Union (where even Lenin got to play his instrument once!). He became a star in the US and taught a generation of Theremin players, Clara Rockmore being the most famous one. In fact, RCA even manufactured Theremins under Leon's design in 1929 ( [27])!. So what was this instrument ? It was a box with two antennas that produced continuous, high-pitch sounds. The performer would approach the instrument and wave hands around the antennas to play it. The distance to the right (vertical) antenna would change the pitch, while the distance to the left (horizontal) antenna would change the volume of the sound (see [2], [3] for more technical details). The Theremin is difficult to play, since, like on violin, the notes and the volume are not quantized (the change in pitch is continuous). -
9. Vivaldi and Ritornello Form
The HIGH BAROQUE:! Early Baroque High Baroque 1600-1670 1670-1750 The HIGH BAROQUE:! Republic of Venice The HIGH BAROQUE:! Grand Canal, Venice The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Antonio VIVALDI (1678-1741) Born in Venice, trains and works there. Ordained for the priesthood in 1703. Works for the Pio Ospedale della Pietà, a charitable organization for indigent, illegitimate or orphaned girls. The students were trained in music and gave frequent concerts. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Thus, many of Vivaldi’s concerti were written for soloists and an orchestra made up of teen- age girls. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO It is for the Ospedale students that Vivaldi writes over 500 concertos, publishing them in sets like Corelli, including: Op. 3 L’Estro Armonico (1711) Op. 4 La Stravaganza (1714) Op. 8 Il Cimento dell’Armonia e dell’Inventione (1725) Op. 9 La Cetra (1727) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO In addition, from 1710 onwards Vivaldi pursues career as opera composer. His music was virtually forgotten after his death. His music was not re-discovered until the “Baroque Revival” during the 20th century. The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Vivaldi constructs The Model of the Baroque Concerto Form from elements of earlier instrumental composers *The Concertato idea *The Ritornello as a structuring device *The works and tonality of Corelli The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO The term “concerto” originates from a term used in the early Baroque to describe pieces that alternated and contrasted instrumental groups with vocalists (concertato = “to contend with”) The term is later applied to ensemble instrumental pieces that contrast a large ensemble (the concerto grosso or ripieno) with a smaller group of soloists (concertino) The HIGH BAROQUE:! VIVALDI CONCERTO Corelli creates the standard concerto grosso instrumentation of a string orchestra (the concerto grosso) with a string trio + continuo for the ripieno in his Op. -
Electrophonic Musical Instruments
G10H CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION G PHYSICS (NOTES omitted) INSTRUMENTS G10 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS (NOTES omitted) G10H ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (electronic circuits in general H03) NOTE This subclass covers musical instruments in which individual notes are constituted as electric oscillations under the control of a performer and the oscillations are converted to sound-vibrations by a loud-speaker or equivalent instrument. WARNING In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. 1/00 Details of electrophonic musical instruments 1/053 . during execution only {(voice controlled (keyboards applicable also to other musical instruments G10H 5/005)} instruments G10B, G10C; arrangements for producing 1/0535 . {by switches incorporating a mechanical a reverberation or echo sound G10K 15/08) vibrator, the envelope of the mechanical 1/0008 . {Associated control or indicating means (teaching vibration being used as modulating signal} of music per se G09B 15/00)} 1/055 . by switches with variable impedance 1/0016 . {Means for indicating which keys, frets or strings elements are to be actuated, e.g. using lights or leds} 1/0551 . {using variable capacitors} 1/0025 . {Automatic or semi-automatic music 1/0553 . {using optical or light-responsive means} composition, e.g. producing random music, 1/0555 . {using magnetic or electromagnetic applying rules from music theory or modifying a means} musical piece (automatically producing a series of 1/0556 . {using piezo-electric means} tones G10H 1/26)} 1/0558 . {using variable resistors} 1/0033 . {Recording/reproducing or transmission of 1/057 . by envelope-forming circuits music for electrophonic musical instruments (of 1/0575 . -
Digital Adaptions of the Scores for Cage Variations I, II and III
Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications 2012 1-1-2012 Digital adaptions of the scores for Cage Variations I, II and III Lindsay Vickery Catherine Hope Edith Cowan University Stuart James Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2012 Part of the Music Commons Vickery, L. R., Hope, C. A., & James, S. G. (2012). Digital adaptions of the scores for Cage Variations I, II and III. Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference. (pp. 426-432). Ljubljana. International Computer Music Association. Available here This Conference Proceeding is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2012/165 NON-COCHLEAR SOUND _ I[M[2012 LJUBLJANA _9.-14. SEP'l'EMBER Digital adaptions of the scores for Cage Variations I, II and III Lindsay Vickery, Cat Hope, and Stuart James Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University ABSTRACT Over the ten years from 1958 to 1967, Cage revisited to the Variations series as a means of expanding his Western Australian new music ensemble Decibel have investigation not only of nonlinear interaction with the devised a software-based tool for creating realisations score but also of instrumentation, sonic materials, the of the score for John Cage's Variations I and II. In these performance space and the environment The works works Cage had used multiple transparent plastic sheets chart an evolution from the "personal" sound-world of with various forms of graphical notation, that were the performer and the score, to a vision potentially capable of independent positioning in respect to one embracing the totality of sound on a global scale. -
Piano Manufacturing an Art and a Craft
Nikolaus W. Schimmel Piano Manufacturing An Art and a Craft Gesa Lücker (Concert pianist and professor of piano, University for Music and Drama, Hannover) Nikolaus W. Schimmel Piano Manufacturing An Art and a Craft Since time immemorial, music has accompanied mankind. The earliest instrumentological finds date back 50,000 years. The first known musical instrument with fibers under ten sion serving as strings and a resonator is the stick zither. From this small beginning, a vast array of plucked and struck stringed instruments evolved, eventually resulting in the first stringed keyboard instruments. With the invention of the hammer harpsichord (gravi cembalo col piano e forte, “harpsichord with piano and forte”, i.e. with the capability of dynamic modulation) in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori toward the beginning of the eighteenth century, the pianoforte was born, which over the following centuries evolved into the most versitile and widely disseminated musical instrument of all time. This was possible only in the context of the high level of devel- opment of artistry and craftsmanship worldwide, particu- larly in the German-speaking part of Europe. Since 1885, the Schimmel family has belonged to a circle of German manufacturers preserving the traditional art and craft of piano building, advancing it to ever greater perfection. Today Schimmel ranks first among the resident German piano manufacturers still owned and operated by Contents the original founding family, now in its fourth generation. Schimmel pianos enjoy an excellent reputation worldwide. 09 The Fascination of the Piano This booklet, now in its completely revised and 15 The Evolution of the Piano up dated eighth edition, was first published in 1985 on The Origin of Music and Stringed Instruments the occa sion of the centennial of Wilhelm Schimmel, 18 Early Stringed Instruments – Plucked Wood Pianofortefa brik GmbH. -
Aes 143Rd Convention Program October 18–21, 2017
AES 143RD CONVENTION PROGRAM OCTOBER 18–21, 2017 JAVITS CONVENTION CENTER, NY, USA The Winner of the 143rd AES Convention To be presented on Friday, Oct. 20, Best Peer-Reviewed Paper Award is: in Session 15—Posters: Applications in Audio A Statistical Model that Predicts Listeners’ * * * * * Preference Ratings of In-Ear Headphones: Session P1 Wednesday, Oct. 18 Part 1—Listening Test Results and Acoustic 9:00 am – 11:00 am Room 1E11 Measurements—Sean Olive, Todd Welti, Omid Khonsaripour, Harman International, Northridge, SIGNAL PROCESSING CA, USA Convention Paper 9840 Chair: Bozena Kostek, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland To be presented on Thursday, Oct. 18, in Session 7—Perception—Part 2 9:00 am P1-1 Generation and Evaluation of Isolated Audio Coding * * * * * Artifacts—Sascha Dick, Nadja Schinkel-Bielefeld, The AES has launched an opportunity to recognize student Sascha Disch, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated members who author technical papers. The Student Paper Award Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany Competition is based on the preprint manuscripts accepted for the Many existing perceptual audio codec standards AES convention. define only the bit stream syntax and associated decod- A number of student-authored papers were nominated. The er algorithms, but leave many degrees of freedom to the excellent quality of the submissions has made the selection process encoder design. For a systematic optimization of encod- both challenging and exhilarating. er parameters as well as for education and training of The award-winning student paper will be honored during the experienced test listeners, it is instrumental to provoke Convention, and the student-authored manuscript will be consid- and subsequently assess individual coding artifact types ered for publication in a timely manner for the Journal of the Audio in an isolated fashion with controllable strength. -
Repertoire List
APPROVED REPERTOIRE FOR 2022 COMPETITION: Please choose your repertoire from the approved selections below. Repertoire substitution requests will be considered by the Charlotte Symphony on an individual case-by-case basis. The deadline for all repertoire approvals is September 15, 2021. Please email [email protected] with any questions. VIOLIN VIOLINCELLO J.S. BACH Violin Concerto No. 1 in A Minor BOCCHERINI All cello concerti Violin Concerto No. 2 in E Major DVORAK Cello Concerto in B Minor BEETHOVEN Romance No. 1 in G Major Romance No. 2 in F Major HAYDN Cello Concerto No. 1 in C Major Cello Concerto No. 2 in D Major BRUCH Violin Concerto No. 1 in G Minor LALO Cello Concerto in D Minor HAYDN Violin Concerto in C Major Violin Concerto in G Major SAINT-SAENS Cello Concerto No. 1 in A Minor Cello Concerto No. 2 in D Minor LALO Symphonie Espagnole for Violin SCHUMANN Cello Concerto in A Minor MENDELSSOHN Violin Concerto in E Minor DOUBLE BASS MONTI Czárdás BOTTESINI Double Bass Concerto No. 2in B Minor MOZART Violin Concerti Nos. 1 – 5 DITTERSDORF Double Bass Concerto in E Major PROKOFIEV Violin Concerto No. 2 in G Minor DRAGONETTI All double bass concerti SAINT-SAENS Introduction & Rondo Capriccioso KOUSSEVITSKY Double Bass Concerto in F# Minor Violin Concerto No. 3 in B Minor HARP SCHUBERT Rondo in A Major for Violin and Strings DEBUSSY Danses Sacrée et Profane (in entirety) SIBELIUS Violin Concerto in D Minor DITTERSDORF Harp Concerto in A Major VIVALDI The Four Seasons HANDEL Harp Concerto in Bb Major, Op. -
Product Guide 2020
Product Guide 2020 ZILDJIAN 2020 PRODUCT GUIDE CYMBAL FAMILIES 3 K FAMILY 5 A FAMILY 13 FX FAMILY 17 S FAMILY 19 I FAMILY 21 PLANET Z 23 L80 LOW VOLUME 25 CYMBAL PACKS 27 GEN16 29 BAND & ORCHESTRAL CYMBALS 31 GEAR & ACCESSORIES 57 DRUMSTICKS 41 PRODUCT LISTINGS 59 1 Product Guide 2 THE CYMBAL FAMILY 3 Product Guide 4 THE FAMILY K ZILDJIAN CYMBALS K Zildjian cymbals are known for their dark, warm sounds that harkens back to the original K cymbals developed by Zildjian in 19th Century Turkey. Instantly recognizable by their ˝vented K˝ logo, K cymbals capture the aura of original Ks but with far greater consistency, making them the choice of drummers from genres as diverse as Jazz, Country and Rock. RIDES SIZES CRASHES SIZES HIHATS SIZES EFFECTS SIZES Crash Ride 18˝ 20˝ 21˝ Splash 8˝ 10˝ 12˝ HiHats 13˝ 14˝ Mini China 14˝ Ride 20˝ 22˝ Dark Crash Thin 15˝ 16˝ 17˝ 18˝ 19˝ 20˝ K/Z Special HiHats 13˝ 14˝ EFX 16˝ 18˝ Heavy Ride 20˝ Dark Crash Medium Thin 16˝ 17˝ 18˝ Mastersound HiHats 14˝ China 17˝ 19˝ Light Ride 22˝ 24˝ Cluster Crash 16˝ 18˝ 20˝ Light HiHats 14˝ 15˝ 16˝ Dark Medium Ride 22˝ Sweet Crash 16˝ 17˝ 18˝ 19˝ 20˝ Sweet HiHats 14˝ 15˝ 16˝ Light Flat Ride 20˝ Sweet Ride 21˝ 23˝ DETAILS: Exclusive K Zildjian random hammering, traditional wide groove lathing, all Traditional except 21” Crash Ride 6 SPECIAL DRY K CUSTOM CYMBALS K Custom cymbals are based on the darker, dryer sounds of the legendary K line but have been customized with unique finishes, K CUSTOM SPECIAL DRY CYMBALS tonal modifications, and manufacturing techniques. -
Holmes Electronic and Experimental Music
C H A P T E R 3 Early Electronic Music in the United States I was at a concert of electronic music in Cologne and I noticed that, even though it was the most recent electronic music, the audience was all falling asleep. No matter how interesting the music was, the audience couldn’t stay awake. That was because the music was coming out of loudspeakers. —John Cage Louis and Bebe Barron John Cage and The Project of Music for Magnetic Tape Innovation: John Cage and the Advocacy of Chance Composition Cage in Milan Listen: Early Electronic Music in the United States The Columbia–Princeton Electronic Music Center The Cooperative Studio for Electronic Music Roots of Computer Music Summary Milestones: Early Electronic Music of the United States Plate 3.1 John Cage and David Tudor, 1962. (John Cage Trust) 80 EARLY HISTORY – PREDECESSORS AND PIONEERS Electronic music activity in the United States during the early 1950s was neither organ- ized nor institutional. Experimentation with tape composition took place through the efforts of individual composers working on a makeshift basis without state support. Such fragmented efforts lacked the cohesion, doctrine, and financial support of their Euro- pean counterparts but in many ways the musical results were more diverse, ranging from works that were radically experimental to special effects for popular motion pictures and works that combined the use of taped sounds with live instrumentalists performing on stage. The first electronic music composers in North America did not adhere to any rigid schools of thought regarding the aesthetics of the medium and viewed with mixed skepticism and amusement the aesthetic wars taking place between the French and the Germans. -
Fall 2013 FYS Brochure.Pdf
First Year Seminars THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL FALL 2013 First Year Seminars For Your Success! FALL 2013 How can you make the best transition to college and share the excitement of Carolina’s intellectual life? Students and faculty agree: enroll in a First Year Seminar. Carolina’s First Year Seminars (FYS) Program provides a unique academic opportunity within our broader curriculum. FYS are small (no more than 24 students), taught by our best instructors, and address topics that are on the frontier of scholarship or research. FYS give you the opportunity to work together with faculty and classmates in a shared experience that provides a hands-on preview of the exciting world of engaged scholarship at Carolina. FYS are “regular courses” in the sense that they are one semester in duration, offered in the fall and spring, provide 3 credit hours, and meet General Education HILL requirements. FYS go beyond “regular courses” in their emphasis on active learning, which usually includes class discussion and other modes of engagement such as CHAPEL - fieldwork, artistic performances, class trips, presentations, projects, or experiments. UNC FYS also help refine your ability to communicate clearly and persuasively in a wide , array of formats. And, perhaps most important, FYS are designed to be lively and SEARS fun, promoting collaboration in scholarship and intellectual discovery. DAN BY plan ahead PHOTO Many students are attracted by the FYS that are directly relevant to their interests, but this strategy is a bit shortsighted because all students will eventually enroll in A note from Drew Coleman advanced courses in their major. -
John Cage's Entanglement with the Ideas Of
JOHN CAGE’S ENTANGLEMENT WITH THE IDEAS OF COOMARASWAMY Edward James Crooks PhD University of York Music July 2011 John Cage’s Entanglement with the Ideas of Coomaraswamy by Edward Crooks Abstract The American composer John Cage was famous for the expansiveness of his thought. In particular, his borrowings from ‘Oriental philosophy’ have directed the critical and popular reception of his works. But what is the reality of such claims? In the twenty years since his death, Cage scholars have started to discover the significant gap between Cage’s presentation of theories he claimed he borrowed from India, China, and Japan, and the presentation of the same theories in the sources he referenced. The present study delves into the circumstances and contexts of Cage’s Asian influences, specifically as related to Cage’s borrowings from the British-Ceylonese art historian and metaphysician Ananda K. Coomaraswamy. In addition, Cage’s friendship with the Jungian mythologist Joseph Campbell is detailed, as are Cage’s borrowings from the theories of Jung. Particular attention is paid to the conservative ideology integral to the theories of all three thinkers. After a new analysis of the life and work of Coomaraswamy, the investigation focuses on the metaphysics of Coomaraswamy’s philosophy of art. The phrase ‘art is the imitation of nature in her manner of operation’ opens the doors to a wide- ranging exploration of the mimesis of intelligible and sensible forms. Comparing Coomaraswamy’s ‘Traditional’ idealism to Cage’s radical epistemological realism demonstrates the extent of the lack of congruity between the two thinkers. In a second chapter on Coomaraswamy, the extent of the differences between Cage and Coomaraswamy are revealed through investigating their differing approaches to rasa , the Renaissance, tradition, ‘art and life’, and museums.