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The Church of S. Maria Antiqua RS iSH SCHOOL IHf 4T ROME Sift Vol. 1, :->c" PRINTED FOR THE SUBSCRIBERS AND SOLD ON THEIR BEHALF te'-i SfSI LONDON WSSm fas Oty* ICtbranj Imuennig of £fartfj Olamlttta iEn&oui?b bg utyp itaterttr and •FX'BflBll.llQTHEeft' THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA ENDOWED BY THE DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES BUILDING USE ONLY • UNIVERSITY OF N.C AT CHAPEL HILL 00022322586 PAPERS BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/churchofsmariaan01rush British Scbool at IRome. Executive Committee Prof. H. F. PELHAM {Chairman.) Prof. Percy Gardner Prof. J. S. Reid Mr. F. Haverfield Sir Rennell Rodd, K.C.M.G. Mr. G. A. Macmillan Mr. A. H. Smith Mr. G. W. Prothero Dr. Charles Waldstein Mr. S. E. Spring-Rice, C.B. {Hon. Treasurer.) Mr. W. LORING {Hon. Secretary.) Director Mr. G. McN. RUSHFORTH, M.A., of Oriel College, Oxford. This School, projected in 1899, was opened in the Spring of 1901. It has been modelled, in many respects, on the existing British School at Athens ; and the two Schools will (it is hoped) be ultimately placed under the control of a single Committee. The School is intended, first, as a training-ground for students fresh from the Universities and other educational institutions ; secondly, as a centre round which more mature students may group themselves for purposes of systematic research ; and thirdly, as a source of information and advice for visitors desiring to pursue serious studies in Rome. The province of the School is not purely archaeological, but includes all periods of Roman and Italian history, art, antiquities and literature. The excavation of ancient sites, •which has formed an important part of the work of the School at Athens, is excluded in Italy by the rules of the Italian Government. But in other respects the work of the Roman School will be more varied, and not less important, than that of the Athenian, since the range of studies which centre in Rome is wider, including for example Palaeography, Christian as well as Classical Antiquities, and the Art and Architecture of the Renaissance. At present the annual income of the School is less than £500, much of which is it is estimated that an income of £1000 will be required to secure precarious ; and permanence and efficiency. Further information will be supplied by the Honorary Secretary, W. LORING, Esq., 2, Hare Court, Temple, E.C., or by any other member of the Executive Committee. Subscriptions and donations are urgently needed. They should be paid to the credit of the " British School at Rome," at the London and Westminster Bank, Lothbury, E.C. ; or to the Honorary Treasurer, S. E. SrRlNG-RlCE, Esq., C.B., I, Bryanston Place, W. D6-/2. -MS PAPERS v, / OF THE 9*-t «-«-o- BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME Vol. I. PRINTED FOR THE SUBSCRIBERS AND SOLD ON THEIR BEHALF BY MACMILLAN & CO., Limited LONDON 1902 Richard Clay and Sons, Limited, london and bungay. ' PREFACE. The title of this volume sufficiently indicates its character. The two monographs which it contains are the first fruits of the work done by the newly founded British School at Rome, and the hope of the Committee is that they will be followed in due course by many other similar papers, and will form a series not unworthy to be compared with the ' Melanges of the French School at Rome. Of the two papers, that by the Director on S. Maria Antiqua will no doubt be found the most interesting by the majority of readers, but Mr. Ashby's possesses an importance of its own as a contribution to the task of reconstructing the Roman Campagna as it was before desolation and silence fell upon it. Taken together the papers aptly illustrate the- variety and richness of the field which Rome and Italy offer to the student, and suggest the kind of work which a properly equipped British School should be able to do for the advancement of learning. H. F. Pelham, Chairman of the Committee. <0 to CONTENTS. PAGE Preface. By Prof. H. F. Pelham . v r. G. McN. Rushforth. S. Maria Antiqua i 2. T. Ashby, Jun. Classical Topography of the Roman Cam pagna.-— I. .125 — LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. S. Maria Antiqua PAGE 18 Plan of S. Maria Antiqua . • Fig. i. A. Roman Houses from the Capitoline Plan. B. S. Maria Antiqua : The Roman Building 22 Fig. 2. S. Sophia, Salonica .... ..... 24 Fig. 3. Plan and Section of Base of Altar in the Chapel of SS. Quiricus and Julitta 39 Fig. 4. Sketch showing Position of Hands with Flower . 51 Fig. 5. Pattern of Intersecting Circles .... - . 64 Fig. 6. Pavement in the Sanctuary 75 Fig. 7. Section and Plan of Graves in S. Maria Antiqua . '. 105 Fig. 8. The Descent into Hell (Harl. MS. 1810) 115 ' Fig. 9. The Descent into Hell ' (S. Maria Antiqua) . 116 ' Fig. [o. The Descent into Hell (Add. MS. 19352) . 117 Fig. 11. Hades (Add. M.S. 19352) 118 Fig. 12. The Descent into Hell (Sculpture in Bristol Cathedral) . 119 The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna ; Fig. 1. Tufa Quarries (Grotte di Cervara) 142 Fig. 2. Pavement of an Ancient Road 167 Fig. 3. Plan of Tomb near Casale Tor Angela 169 Fig. 4. Ponte di Nona, N. side 171 Fig. 5. Fragment of Pottery from Temple near Ponte di Nona . 173 Fig. 6. Painting in the " Grotta di Saponara " 179 Fig. 7. The Temple at Gabii 183 Fig. 8. Plan of Temple, Gabii r 84 x List of Illustrations. The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna {continued)— PAGE Fig. 9. Moulding of Podium at back of Temple, Gabii . .185 Fig. 10. Plan of the Forum, Gabii 186 Fig. 11. Ancient Road, Gabii 190 Fig 12. Hut Village, Gabii . .191 Fig. 13. Angle of City Wall, Gabii 192 Fig. 14. Apse of S. Primitivus, Gabii 195 Fig. 15. Via Praenestina at I Cancelletti 200 Fig. 16. Ponte di Terra 201 Fig. 17. Ponte Amato 209 Fig. 18. Bridge over Fosso del Giardinetto 233 Fig. 19. Inscription from I Trugli 247 Fig. 20. Bronze Plummet from I Trugli 248 Fig. 21. Architectural Fragments at Thirteenth Milestone . 250 Fig 22. Wall below Monte Compatri 261 Fig. 23. Sarcophagus and Architectural Fragments, Villa Rospigliosi . 268 MAPS. Key Map. Legend of Detail Maps. I —VIII. Detail Maps. — LIBRI DESIDERATI The Library of the British School at Rome, mainly thanks to the liberality of Dr. Steele, of the Trustees of the British Museum, of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, of the French Ministry of Public Instruction, and of various publishers and other donors, is now approaching a total of one thousand volumes. As the funds at the disposal of the School do not allow of the purchase of many expensive works of reference, the Committee have printed the following provisional list of books of that class which are urgently needed : Acta Sanctorum. 45 vols. Journal of Hellenic Studies. From 1880. ANNALI, MONUMENTI, & BULLETTINO DEL INSTITUTO Bas, DI CORRISPONDENZA ARCHEOLOGICA. 1829-1885. Le Foucart, and Waddington. Voyage Archeologique. Archaeologia. From 1804. 57 vols. Mansi, Conciliorum Amplissima Collectio. 31 Bernoulli, Romische Ikonographie. 2 vols. vols. Or the Edition of Labbe-Cossart. Brunn-Bruckmann, Denkmaler Griechischer Monumenti Antichi della Accademia DEI Lincei. und romischer sculptur. From 1892. 11 vols. Brunet, Manuel du Libraire (and Supplement). Monuments et Memoires (Fondation Piot). 7 vols, 8 vols. (Paris, 1860-80). Moroni, Dizionario di Erudizione Storico-Eccle- Bullettino di Akcheologia Cristiana. Series siastica. 60 vols. I. -V. 1863-94. Muratori, Scriptores Rerum Italicarum. 28 vols. Bullettino dellaCommissione ArcheologicaCom- unale di Roma. From 1872. Notizie degli Scavi di Antichita. From 1878. Canina, Edifizii di Roma. 4 vols. Omont, Fac-similes des Manuscrits Grecs date's chatelain, 1'aleograpkie des classiques latins. de la blbliotheque nationale. Cichorius, Reliefs der Trajanssaule. Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopadie. Cohen, Medailles Imperiales. 8 vols. Petersen, and others. Die Marcussaule. Corpus Inscription um Graecarum, ed. Boeckh. Pistolesi, II Vaticano Descritto. 8 vols. 4 vols. And of the new issue, especially Kaibel, Inscriptiones Graecae Siciliae et Italiae. Revue Archeologique. From i860. Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae (Bonn). Rohault de Fleury, le Latran au Moyen Age. 47 vols. ,, ,, la Messe. 8 vols. D'Agincourt, Histoire de l'Art par les Monu- Romische Quartelschrift fljr Christliche mens. vols. There are also editions in English 4 Alterthumskunde. From 1887. and Italian. De Rossi, Musaici Cristiani delle Chiese di Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Anti- Roma. quities (3rd ed.). De Vogue, Syrie Centrale. 2 vols. Smith, Dictionary of Classical Biography. Dictionary of National Biography. „ ,, ,, Geography. Du Cange, Glossarium Mediae et Infimae ,, ,, Christian Antiquities. Latinitatis (1883). 10 vols. ,, ,, ,, Biography. Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum (2nded.). 8 vols. Stephanus, Thesaurus Linguae Graecae. Frazer, Pausanias. 6 vols. Ughellus, Italia Sacra. 10 vols. Furtwangler, Die Antiken Gemmen. Vasari, Vite (ed. Milanesi). 9 vols. Geymuller, Projets primitifs pour St. Fierre. Zangemeister-Wattenbach EXEMPLA CODICUM Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum. 4 vols. Latinorum. July, 1902. PAPERS OF THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME. Vol. I. No. i. THE CHURCH OF S. MARIA ANTIQUA. BY G. McN. RUSHFORTH, M.A. Director of the School. LONDON : 1902. PRELIMINARY NOTE. In explanation of the fact, which might at first sight cause surprise, that a paper which consists mainly of a description of paintings is not accompanied by reproductions of the pictures themselves, it is necessary to state that the photographs and other methods by which the appearance of the paintings has been, so far as possible, preserved being the property of the Italian authorities, cannot be published until the official account of the excavations has been issued. The present description must be regarded chiefly as a contribution to our knowledge of Byzantine icono- graphy as it was understood and practised at Rome in the eighth century.
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