Biopesticidna Aktivnost Ekstrakata Odabranih Biljnih Vrsta Familije Lamiaceae

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Biopesticidna Aktivnost Ekstrakata Odabranih Biljnih Vrsta Familije Lamiaceae UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU PRIRODNO MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET DEPARTMAN ZA HEMIJU, BIOHEMIJU I ZAŠTITU ŽIVOTNE SREDINE Jovana Šućur Biopesticidna aktivnost ekstrakata odabranih biljnih vrsta familije Lamiaceae - doktorska disertacija- Novi Sad, 2015. Doktorska disertacija Jovana Šućur Želela bih ovom prilikom da se zahvalim svima koji su dali doprinos u izradi ove doktorske disertacije. Temu doktorske disertacije predložio je prof. dr Milan Popović, koji me je uputio u naučno istraživanje i omogućio da ostvarujem svoje naučne poduhvate, na čemu mu se najiskrenije zahvaljujem. Veliku zahvalnost dugujem svom mentoru dr Dejanu Prvuloviću na nesebičnoj pomoći prilikom eksperimentalnog rada, obradi eksperimentalnih rezultata, diskusiji samih rezultata i mnogim rešenim nedoumicama. Zahvaljujem se svom mentoru dr Dejanu Orčiću na stručnim savetima, smernicama i diskusiji u toku rada, kao i za pomoć pri GC-MS analizi. Prof. dr Đorđu Malenčiću dugujem zahvalnost na nesebičnoj pomoći oko sakupljanja biljnog materijala i korisnim savetima u toku pisanja rada. Iskreno se zahvaljujem prof. dr Goranu Anačkovu na izvršenoj determinaciji biljnog materijala kao i na pokazanom interesovanju i savetima u vezi botaničkog dela ove disertacije. Posebno se zahvaljujem dr Aleksandri Popović na divnoj saradnji od samog početka mog naučno-istraživačkog rada, kao i na angažovanju u realizaciji testova za ispitivanje insekticidne aktivnost biljnih ekstrakata. Dr Vojislavi Bursić se zahvaljujem za pomoć pri HPLC analizi. Veliku zahvalnost dugujem dr Simonidi Đurić na prihvaćenoj i lepoj saradnji da mi pomogne pri mikrobiološkoj analizi. Koleginici mr Sonji Gvozdenac hvala za pomoć oko testova insekticidne aktivnosti. Mojim dragim kolegama dr Biljani Kiprovski, msc Ružici Ždero-Pavlović i msc Milošu Petroviću se zahvaljujem na pomoći u eksperimentalnom radu, obradi eksperimentalnih rezultata, pozitivnoj energiji i podršci tokom rada. Veliko hvala laborantima Ani Kuzmanović, Jeleni Savić i Gabrijeli Kšan na tehničkoj pomoći i pozitivnoj atmosferi tokom rada u laboratoriji. Svojoj porodici dugujem neizmernu zahvalnost na razumevanju, strpljenju, pruženoj ljubavi i podršci. Autor Doktorska disertacija Jovana Šućur Sadržaj 1. Uvod ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Cilj istraživanja...................................................................................................................... 4 3. Opšti deo .................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Sekundarni biomolekuli biljaka ........................................................................................... 7 3.1.1. Biljni fenoli .................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2. Fenolne kiseline ............................................................................................................. 9 3.1.3. Flavonoidi .................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.4. Terpeni ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.5. Etarska ulja .................................................................................................................. 17 3.2. Sekundarni biomolekuli kao prirodni antioksidanti ........................................................... 19 3.2.1. Oksidativni stres u biljkama ........................................................................................ 19 3.2.1.1. Slobodni radikali ................................................................................................... 19 3.2.1.2. Lipidna peroksidacija ............................................................................................ 22 γ.β.β. Antioksidativni sistemi zaštite ..................................................................................... 24 3.2.2.1. Enzimski antioksidanti .......................................................................................... 25 3.2.2.2. Neenzimski antioksidanti ..................................................................................... 26 3.2.2.3. Fenolna jedinjenja kao prirodni antioksidanti....................................................... 27 3.3. Alelopatija .......................................................................................................................... 31 3.3.1. Interakcija biljka-biljka................................................................................................ 31 3.3.2. Uloga etarskih ulja u interakciji biljka-insekt.............................................................. 38 3.3.3. Alelopatske biljke ........................................................................................................ 40 3.3.3.1. Familija Lamiaceae (Labiatae) ............................................................................. 40 3.3.3.2. Salvia sclarea L. ................................................................................................... 41 3.3.3.3. Satureja montana L............................................................................................... 43 Doktorska disertacija Jovana Šućur 3.3.3.4. Clinopodium menthifolium Host ........................................................................... 45 4. Eksperimentalni deo ............................................................................................................... 46 4.1. Biljni materijal i priprema ekstrakata ................................................................................. 47 4.1.1. Priprema ekstrakata maceracijom ................................................................................ 48 4.1.2. Izolacija etarskog ulja metodom hidrodestilacije (HD) ............................................... 48 4.2. Ispitivanje hemijskog sastava i antioksidativne aktivnsti biljnih ekstrakata ...................... 48 4.2.1. Određivanje ukupnih reduktanata u ekstraktima ......................................................... 49 4.β.β. Određivanje ukupnih flavonoida u ekstraktima ........................................................... 49 4.β.γ. Određivanje ukupnih tanina u ekstraktima .................................................................. 50 4.β.4. Određivanje neutralizacije DPPH˙ radikala ................................................................ 51 4.2.5. Ispitivanje sposobnosti neutralizacije ABTS.+ radikala ............................................... 52 4.β.6. Određivanje redukcionog kapaciteta FRAP metodom (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay) ......................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.7. HPLC analiza vodenih ekstrakata................................................................................ 53 4.2.8. Analiza etarskog ulja gasnom hromatografijom sa masenospektrometrijskom detekcijom (GC-MS analiza) ................................................................................................. 54 4.3. Ispitivanje alelopatskog potencijala vodenih ekstrakata .................................................... 55 4.3.1. Priprema sadnica .......................................................................................................... 55 4.γ.β. Priprema ekstrakata za određivanje biohemijskih parametara .................................... 55 4.γ.γ. Određivanje ukupnih proteina ..................................................................................... 55 4.γ.4. Određivanje intenziteta lipidne peroksidacije ............................................................. 56 4.γ.5. Određivanje aktivnosti superoksid-dizmutaze ............................................................. 57 4.γ.6. Određivanje aktivnosti gvajakol-peroksidaze ............................................................. 57 4.γ.7. Određivanje aktivnosti pirogalol-peroksidaze ............................................................. 58 4.γ.8. Određivanje aktivnosti katalaze ................................................................................... 58 4.4. Ispitivanje insekticidnog dejstva vodenih ekstrakata i etarskih ulja .................................. 59 Doktorska disertacija Jovana Šućur 4.4.1. Ispitivanje insekticidnog dejstva vodenih ekstrakata S. montana, C. menthifolium i S. sclarea na žitnog kukuljičara ................................................................................................. 59 4.4.2. Ispitivanje insekticidnog dejstva vodenih ekstrakata S. montana, C. menthifolium i S. sclarea na belu leptirastu vaš ................................................................................................. 59 4.4.3. Ispitivanje insekticidnog dejstva etarskog ulja S. montana, C. menthifolium i S. sclarea na kestenjastog brašnara i pirinčanog žiška .............................................................. 60 4.5. Ispitivanje uticaja vodenih ekstrakata S. montana, C. menthifolium i S. sclarea na rast korisnih mikroorganizama......................................................................................................... 60 4.6. Statistička obrada podataka ................................................................................................ 62 5. Rezultati i diskusija................................................................................................................
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