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Daniel Matos 2012 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO OESTE DO PARANÁ CAMPUS DE MARECHAL CÂNDIDO RONDON PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA ARÉA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO: HISTÓRIA, PODER E PRÁTICAS SOCIAIS NÍVEL: MESTRADO DANIEL IVORI DE MATOS SERIAL KILLERS : CINEMA E REPRESENTAÇÃO. MARECHAL CÂNDIDO RONDON 2012 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO OESTE DO PARANÁ CAMPUS DE MARECHAL CÂNDIDO RONDON PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA ARÉA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO: HISTÓRIA, PODER E PRÁTICAS SOCIAIS NÍVEL: MESTRADO DANIEL IVORI DE MATOS SERIAL KILLERS : CINEMA E REPRESENTAÇÃO. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História, Poder e Práticas Sociais, da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, para obtenção do título de mestre em História. Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Geni Rosa Duarte MARECHAL CÂNDIDO RONDON 2012 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca da UNIOESTE – Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon – PR., Brasil). Matos, Daniel Ivori de M433s Serial Killers : cinema e representação / Daniel Ivori de Matos. – Marechal Cândido Rondon, 2012. 138 p. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Geni Rosa Duarte Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, 2012. 1. Cinema. 2. Serial Killer - Representação. 3. Indústria cinematográfica. I. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. II. Título. CDD 21.ed. 791.43 CIP-NBR 12899 Ficha catalográfica elaborada por Marcia Elisa Sbaraini-Leitzke CRB-9/539 ATA DE DEFESA PARECER Aos meus pais e irmã. À minha Naide. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos meus pais, por todo o apoio durante os anos de minha graduação e ao longo do mestrado. Agradeço à minha amada Naide, pela energia positiva e pelas discussões historiográficas, pelo apoio profissional e emocional e simplesmente por estar ao meu lado. Aos meus amigos que de alguma forma me apoiaram. À professora Drª. Geni Rosa Duarte, por seus conselhos fundamentais e por sua orientação ao longo desta dissertação, nessa empreitada como historiador. Ao professor Dr. Robson Laverdi e a professora Drª. Méri Frotscher, por suas críticas e sugestões construtivas ao longo desta pesquisa. Ao professor Dr. Rafael Rosa Hagemeyer, pelo interesse e disposição em participar da banca de defesa, e pela leitura e avaliação deste trabalho. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Poder e Práticas Sociais, da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE. À CAPES, pelo auxílio financeiro, ao qual tornou possível a dedicação exclusiva para o desenvolvimento dessa dissertação. The song around his soul will bend The notes that in this hole will melt Crawl out of science A dreamland if you dear Disorder clawed the boundaries ThereIn – Dark Tranquillity RESUMO Visamos nesta pesquisa, através da análise fílmica, perceber como a indústria cinematográfica representou os Serial Killers , discutindo os aspectos que o compõem e que constituíram visões diversas sobre o tema. Logo a análise fílmica nos levou a refletir a respeito das representações disseminadas ao longo dos anos frente aos Serial Killers, para melhor compreensão sobre quais aspectos estão presentes nessas produções, e que figuram no imaginário social. Para tal problematização percebendo como o cinema dialoga com o próprio cinema, para além do tratamento social das características que são apontadas como de fato pertencentes a estes indivíduos, ou seja, mostrando como o cinema por si só através das décadas abordou este assunto. Deste modo, propusemos uma pesquisa de análise de imagens que busca compreender como a indústria do cinema representa certas questões, assim revelando os aspectos que compõem um imaginário moldado muitas vezes por cenas violentas de assassinatos que impulsionam a ida de multidões aos cinemas. Busca-se nesta pesquisa uma análise de como os Serial Killers são representados no cinema, ou seja, como são elaboradas as representações destes indivíduos no imaginário social e que impactos e transformações causaram através das estratégias da linguagem/estética da narrativa cinematográfica, de modo que o cinema acabou se tornando o principal referencial sobre o assunto. Palavras-chave: História; Cinema; Representação; Imaginário; Serial Killers . ABSTRACT SERIAL KILLERS: CINEMA AND REPRESENTATION In this study we intend, through film analysis, to understand how the movie industry has represented the Serial Killers, discussing the aspects that compose it and that constituted diverse views on the subject. Immediately film analysis led us to reflect on representations spread over the years about the Serial Killers, for better understanding of what aspects are present in these productions and appearing in the social imaginary. To this problematization noting as cinema dialogue with the cinema itself, in addition to treating social characteristics that are actually identified as belonging to these individuals, that is, showing how the film itself through the decades approached this subject. Therefore, we propose a study of image analysis that seeks to understand how the movie industry represents some questions, thus revealing aspects that make up an imaginary cast often by violent scenes of murders that boost the attendance of crowds to theaters. In this study will seek an analysis of how serial killers are represented in film, or are prepared to note how the representations of these individuals in the social imaginary and that impacts and changes caused by the strategies of language/esthetics of narrative film, so that the film turned out to be the main reference on the subject. Keywords: History; Movies; Representation; Imaginary; Serial Killers. SUMÁRIO CONSIDERAÇÕES INICIAIS............................................................................................. 11 CAPÍTULO 01 – SERIAL KILLERS E IMAGINÁRIOS SOCIAIS NO CINEMA......... 25 Giallo : assassinatos em série no cinema italiano........................................................ 35 Slashers Movies : moralidade e violência..................................................................... 39 Serial Killers : uma crescente filmografia.................................................................... 41 CAPÍTULO 02 – SLASHER MOVIES : OS SERIAL KILLERS IMAGINÁRIOS DO CINEMA................................................................................................................................. 59 Os Serial Killers imaginários de Halloween e Sexta-feira 13 ..................................... 68 Halloween : a noite do terror........................................................................................ 70 Sexta-feira 13: assassinatos no acampamento Cristal Lake..................................... 80 CAPÍTULO 03 - SERIAL KILLERS : SOCIEDADE E CRIMES SERIAIS..................... 91 Hannibal: o silêncio dos inocentes............................................................................... 98 Se7en: a sociedade apática......................................................................................... 109 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.............................................................................................. 123 FONTES E FILMOGRAFIA.............................................................................................. 125 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS............................................................................... 133 DOCUMENTOS ELETRÔNICOS.................................................................................... 136 SITES CONSULTADOS...................................................................................................... 138 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 01 – Cartaz de Sexta-feira 13 (Friday the 13th, 1980) ................................................ 63 Figura 02 – Capa da edição em DVD de Sexta-feira 13 (Friday the 13th, 1980) ................... 63 Figura 03 – Cartaz de Halloween: a noite do terror (Halloween, 1978) ................................ 70 Figura 04 – Cartaz de Sexta-feira 13 (Friday the 13th, 1980) ................................................ 80 Figura 05 – Cartaz de O Silêncio dos Inocentes (The Silence of the Lambs, 1991) ............... 98 Figura 06 – Cartaz de Se7en: os sete crimes capitais (Se7en, 1995) .................................... 109 11 CONSIDERAÇÕES INICIAIS Atualmente a violência 1 é algo recorrente em nosso cotidiano, a tal ponto que se torna indispensável para os meios de comunicação em massa (jornais, fotografia, cinema, rádio, televisão), que acabaram por torná-la algo corriqueiro em meio ao nosso dia-a-dia. Pode-se afirmar que a mídia necessita da violência. O fato da violência apresentar-se como uma crise em relação ao estado normal cria, por princípio, uma afinidade entre ela e a mídia. Como podemos constatar, num dia calmamente banal fica difícil fazer um jornal ou um noticiário de TV para anunciar que não aconteceu nada. A mídia precisa de acontecimentos e vive do sensacional. A violência, com a carga de ruptura que ela veicula, é por principio um alimento privilegiado para a mídia, com vantagem para as violências espetaculares, sangrentas ou atrozes sobre as violências comuns, banais e instaladas. 2 Cada vez mais vê-se a espetacularização da violência nas mídias, no caso do Brasil notamos a banalização da violência, como algo corriqueiro do cotidiano, tão recorrentes nos telejornais, reality shows policiais da TV aberta, nem sempre trazendo ao telespectador apontamentos sobre o assunto. Evidentemente que não se trata somente da produção midiática nacional, mas também de filmes e seriados estrangeiros exibidos na TV aberta e também na TV por assinatura. Desta forma
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